S&F Ref: 694710D2 AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT Name and Address The Gillette Company, of Prudential Tower Building, of Applicant: Boston, Massachusetts, 02199-8004, United States of America Actual Inventor(s): Phillip M. Braun Richard H. Cohen Ronald R. Duff Jr. Thomas Craig Materman Joseph Synodis Address for Service: Spruson & Ferguson St Martins Tower Level 35 31 Market Street Sydney NSW 2000 (CCN 3710000177) Invention Title: Toothbrush The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us: 5845c(2826579_1) - I TOOTHBRUSH The invention relates generally to the field of oral care, and in particular to toothbrushes. More specifically, the invention relates to a toothbrush that vibrates. US Patent 5,987,681 discloses an electric toothbrush with a handle, a 5 brush head and a shank which connects the handle to the brush head. A rotary motor is arranged in the handle and drives an unbalanced mass. The unbalanced mass driven by the motor is supported on one side or on both sides in the shank close to the brush head and is driven by an extended drive shaft, preferably an intermediate shaft, by the motor. When the motor is operated the toothbrush head vibrates. 10 The toothbrush disclosed in the '681 patent is typical of vibrating toothbrushes in that the features on the head of the toothbrush are fairly standard. For example, the bristles 21 on the head 2 are arranged in tufts lined up in straight rows and columns. The free ends of the bristles define a fairly flat surface. The vibrating aspect of the toothbrush has not been combined with any other more advanced head features to 15 enhance cleaning of the oral cavity. A Japanese patent document having an application number of 3-312978 discloses a toothbrush having a multiplicity of tufts of nylon bristles. In a first embodiment shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, a plurality of cylindrical recessed sections in the head are set orthogonally to the longitudinal axial direction of a shank and are 20 formed at equal intervals. Column-shaped rotary bodies 5 are respectively contained in the recessed sections. On the peripheral surfaces of the rotary bodies 5, along the axial direction, projected strip sections 5a are formed, and they are set in a state that they are positioned at the opening sections of the recessed sections. At the opening sections of the recessed sections, contact surfaces to be positioned on both the sides are formed. At 25 both the ends of the upper surfaces of the projected strip sections 5a, nylon bristles 6 are arranged to be vertically erected. As shown in Figure 3, the arrangement described above allows bristles 6 to rotate during use of the brush. A problem with this brush is that two tufts of bristles are secured to each strip section 5a and thus must rotate in unison. As a result, an individual tuft of bristles cannot rotate independently of its "partner" tuft. The individual tuft may thus be prevented from achieving optimal penetration between two during brushing because the partner tuft might contact the teeth in a different -2 manner and interfere with rotation of the individual tuft. Figures 4, 5 and 6 disclose a second embodiment in which each tuft of bristles is secured to the head by a ball and socket type arrangement. While this embodiment allows each tuft of bristles to swivel independent of the other tufts, it does have disadvantages. If a s tuft of bristles is tilted out towards the side of the head and that tuft is positioned near the interface between the side and top surfaces of the teeth, chances are increased that the bristle tips will not even be in contact with the teeth during brushing. Further, the random orientation in which the tufts can end up after brushing detracts from the attractiveness of the brush. 10 The Japanese reference also discloses that the brush head is made of a unitary structure. As such, water cannot flow through any central portion of the brush head, thereby inhibiting the cleanability of the brush. Further, the unitary head structure does not allow different portions of the head to move independently of each other. Accordingly, the bristle tufts extending from the tuft cannot accommodate the varying tooth surfaces as well as a is brush in which the head has two or more portions that can move or flex independent of each other. The present invention is directed to overcoming one or more of the problems set forth above. In a first aspect, the present invention provides a toothbrush comprising: 20 a head extending from a neck which extends from a handle, the head having a plurality of tooth cleaning elements extending therefrom; a first group of tooth cleaning elements located towards a free end of the head; a second group of tooth cleaning elements located towards the outside of the head; a third group of tooth cleaning elements which alternate with the second group of 25 tufts, wherein the third group of tooth cleaning elements are oriented at an acute angle to a top surface of the head in a direction that is across the width of the head; a fourth group of tooth cleaning elements fixed toward the inside of the head, wherein each of the fourth group of tooth cleaning elements is made of a thermoplastic elastomer, wherein each of the fourth group of tooth cleaning elements is in the shape of a 30 curved wall, each of the fourth group of tooth cleaning elements having an anchor disposed in the head, wherein the anchor has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being smaller in an X and Y dimension than the second portion; and a fifth group of tooth cleaning elements located towards the inside of the head. In a second aspect, the present invention provides a toothbrush comprising: 35 a head extending from a neck which extends from a handle, the head having a plurality of tooth cleaning elements extending therefrom; - 2a a first pair of cleaning elements located towards a free end of the head, each of the first pair of cleaning elements tilting away from the handle; a second group of cleaning elements are made up of a thermoplastic elastomer and in the shape of a curved wall and fixed to the head; and 5 a motor, a drive shaft projecting from the motor, and an eccentrically mounted weight secured to the drive shaft, wherein the rotating of the eccentrically mounted weight causes a vibration which is transmitted to the head and the tooth cleaning elements on the head. In a third aspect, the present invention provides a toothbrush comprising: 10 a head extending from a neck which extends from a handle, the head having a plurality of tooth cleaning elements extending therefrom; a first pair of tufts located towards a free end of the head, each of the first pair of tufts tilting away from the handle; and a second group of cleaning elements made up of a thermoplastic elastomer and in is the shape of a curved wall. In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a toothbrush having a longitudinal axis and a lateral axis, the toothbrush comprising: a head extending from a neck which extends from a handle, the head having a plurality of tooth cleaning elements extending therefrom; 20 a first group of tooth cleaning elements located towards a free end of the head, each of the first group of tooth cleaning elements being tilted at an angle which is away from the handle, the first group of tooth cleaning elements having free ends which collectively define a plane which is non-perpendicular to a direction in which the first group of tooth cleaning elements extend away from the head; 25 a second group of tooth cleaning elements which alternate with the second group of tufts, wherein the third group of tooth cleaning elements are oriented at an acute angle to a top surface of the head in a direction that is across the width of the head; a fourth group of tooth cleaning elements located towards the inside of the head, wherein the fourth tooth group of tooth cleaning elements is made of a thermoplastic 30 elastomer, wherein the fourth tooth group of tooth cleaning elements comprise a plurality of curved walls, wherein each of the fourth group of tooth cleaning elements comprises an anchor, wherein the anchor has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being smaller in an X and Y dimension than the second portion; and a fifth group of tooth cleaning elements located towards the inside of the head. 35 These and other aspects, objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more clearly understood and appreciated from a review of the - 3 following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and appended claims, and by reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. I is a perspective view of the toothbrush head; FIG. 2 is a top view of the head of Fig. ; s FIG. 3 is a side view of the head of Fig. 1; FIG. 4 is a bottom view of the head of Fig. 1; FIG. 5 is a side view of the head of Fig. I showing one of the head portions flexing; FIG. 6 is a top view of the head of Fig. I with the two head portions 10 separated from each other, FIG. 7 is a top view of the head of Fig. I after the head portions have been positioned closer to each other; FIG. 8 is a front view of a pivoting tuft taken along the lines 8-8 of Fig. 13; is FIG. 9 is a side view of the pivoting tuft of Fig. 8 taken along lines 9-9; FIG. 10 is a top view of one of the holes in the head for receiving the pivoting tuft (see Fig. 6); FIG. 11 is a sectional view of Fig. 10 taken along lines 11-11; FIG. 12 is a sectional view of Fig. 10 taken along lines 12-12; 20 FIG. 13 is a side view of the head of Fig. I (a portion is removed to facilitate viewing) and a pivoting tuft prior to insertion into the head; FIG. 14 is a side view of the head of Fig. I (a portion is removed to facilitate viewing) and a pivoting tuft after insertion into the head; FIG. 15 is a side view of the pivoting tuft showing its motion; 25 FIGs. 16A-C are sectional views of Fig. 15 taken along the lines 16A-C-16A-C, FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a tooth cleaner in the form of a ribbed fin; FIG. 18 is a side view of the ribbed fin of Fig. 17; and 30 FIG. 19 is a side view in partial section of a toothbrush disclosing another embodiment of the invention. Beginning with FIGs. 1-5, there is shown a toothbrush head 16 which -4 extends from a neck 14 which extends fiom a handle (not shown) to form a toothbrush. The type of handle is not germane to the present invention. The head and handle are preferably made of polypropylene. The head has a serpentine split 18 which divides the head into two portions 20 and 22. An end of the split 13 near neck 14 is preferably 5 circular in shape (see Fig. 2). As shown in Fig. 5, the split in the head allows portions 20 and 22 to flex or move independent of each other during use of the toothbrush, thus facilitating cleaning of the teeth. Split 18 can also be defined as an opening in the head between head portions 20 and 22. This opening allows water to flow through the head, thereby 10 enhancing cleaning of the top head surface which typically gets caked with toothpaste in spite of efforts to rinse the head clean. Head portion 20 includes a projecting part 24 which fits (at least partially) into a recess 26 (see Fig. 6) defined by portion 22. Projecting part 24 has several tufts of bristles extending from it (to be described in further detail below) and is 15 surrounded on three sides by head portion 22. Referring now to Figs. 2 and 3, each of the tufts of bristles (tooth cleaning elements) on head 16 will be described. A first pair of tufts 28 are located towards the free end of the head, one on each head portion 20, 22. Each tuft has bristles (tooth cleaners) which preferably are each made of polybutylene-terepthalate (PBT) and 20 have a diameter of .007 inches. The shortest bristles in tuft 28 have a length of .420 inches with the remaining bristles increasing in length steadily to a tip of the tuft. Each tuft tilts away from the handle by an angle of preferably about 12 degrees relative to that portion of the surface of the head from which it projects. As shown in Fig. 2, tufts 28 have a larger cross-section than any other tuft on the head. 25 A second group of tufts are pivoting tufts 30 (the only tufts on the head which are rotatable). There are four tufts 30 on each head portion 20, 22 which are located towards the outside of the head. Each tuft 30 can pivot up to about 15 degrees to either side of a vertical position on the head, more preferably being able to pivot up to about 8 degrees to either side of a vertical position on the head. The pivoting of tufts 30 30 is roughly towards or away fi-om neck 14. Each tuft 30 includes a base support 32 made of polypropylene. The bristles are made of polyamide 6.12, have a diameter of .008 inches and extend .420 inches above the base support.
A third group of tufts 34 extend perpendicular to the head. There are four tufts 34 on each head portion 20, 22 which alternate with tufts 30. When viewed from the top (Fig. 2) the tufts are oval in shape (similar to tufts 30 but larger). In other words, the tufts 34 and 30 have oval shaped cross-sections. Each tuft 34 has bristles 5 which are made of polyamide 6.12, have a diameter of .006 inches and extend above the head by about .385 inches. A fourth group of tufts 36 are located towards the inside of the head. There are two such tufts on each head portion 20, 22. Each tuft 36 extends perpendicular to the head. The bristles of tuft 36 have a diameter of .006 inches, are to made of polyamide 6.12 and rise about .360 inches above the head. A fifth and final group of tufts 38 are also located towards the inside of the head (away from a perimeter 21 of the head). There are 4 pairs of tufts 38. In each pair one tuft is closer to neck 14 than the other tuft. In each pair of tufts 38, (a) a base of one tuft is closer to a first side of the head and this one tuft leans towards a second side 1s of the head, and (b) a base of the other tuft is closer to the second side of the head and this other tuft leans towards the first side of the head. As such, the tufts in each pair lean across each other. The angle of tilt towards the side of the head is about five degrees. Each tuft 38 bristles which are made of PBT, have a bristle diameter of about .007 inches and extend about .460 inches above head 16. Each tuft 38 has an oval 20 cross-section with a long dimension of the oval being oriented in the direction of tilt. The bristles used on the head can be crimped (see US Patent 6,058,541) or notched (see US Patent 6,018,840). Other types of tooth cleaners besides bristles can be used. For example, a tuft of bristles could be replaced by an elastomeric fin. The US Patents listed in this paragraph are incorporated herein by reference. 25 Turning now to Fig. 6, a description will now be provided as to how the toothbrush (head) is made. In a first step, the head, neck and handle of the toothbrush are injection molded in a mold. During this injection molding step, tufts 28, 34, 36 and 38 are secured in the head by a hot-tufting process. Hot-tufting processes are notoriously well known by those skilled in the art (see e.g. U.S. Patents 4,635,3 13; and 30 6,361,120; British patent application 2,330,791; and European patent application 676,268 A l). Briefly, hot-tufting involves presenting ends of a multiplicity of groups of -6 plastic filaments into a mold. Each group of filament ends inside the mold is optionally melted into a blob. Each filament group is cut to a desired length (either before or after being introduced into the mold) to form a tuft of bristles. The mold is closed and molten plastic is injected into the mold. When the plastic solidifies, it locks one end of the tufts 5 of bristles into the head of the toothbrush. It can be seen in Fig. 6 that the opening 18 between head portions 20 and 22 is much wider at this point than in the heads final form (see Fig. 2). In other words, head portions 20 and 22 are spaced a predetermined distance (preferably at least about I mm) from each other. Further, through holes 40 are created during the molding step 10 for receiving pivoting tufts 30 at a later point in the manufacturing process. Holes 40 will be described in greater detail below. With reference to Fig. 7, after the toothbrush is removed from the mold, heat 42 is applied to the head near the neck and to part of the neck (hereinafter the neck). The heat can be applied in a number of ways including hot air, radiant heating, 15 ultrasonic or convection (e.g. hot oil) heating. Here the heat is shown being applied to the sides of the neck. It is preferable to apply the heat to the top and bottom surface of the neck. The heat brings the plastic up to 1.0 - 1. 12 times its glass transition temperature (when temperatures are measured in the Kelvin scale). The plastic should not be heated above 1. 12 times its glass transition temperature in order to avoid 20 damaging the plastic. More preferably, the plastic is heated to about 1.03 - 1.06 times its glass transition temperature (measured in degrees Kelvin). The glass transition temperature for polypropylene is about 100 degrees centigrade whereas the glass transition temperature for copolyester and polyurethane is about 65 degrees centigrade. Pressure 44 is then applied to head portions 20, 22 to move the portions 25 towards each other. Once head portions 20, 22 are in the position shown in Fig. 2, the heated portion of the head/neck is cooled by, for example, exposing the heated portion to a cold gas or liquid. If room temperature air is used to cool the neck, such air should be applied for about 20-25 seconds. This has the effect of forming the two head portions into their final positions. 30 In order to achieve short process times, the highest temperature heat source which will not damage the plastic should be used. If too hot a heat source is used and/or if the heat is applied for too long, the plastic can be damaged. If the heat source 7 is not hot enough, the process will take too long and/or head portions 20, 22 will not remain in their final desired positions. If the head/neck are made of polypropylene and hot air is used to heat the neck, (a)the heated air should be at a temperature of about 170 degrees centigrade and should be applied to the neck for about 70 seconds, (b) the 5 polypropylene should be raised to a temperature of about 140 degrees centigrade, and (c) a nozzle which applies the hot air to the neck should be about 1Omm from the neck. If copolyester or polyurethane is used as the material for the head neck, (a) the heated air should be at a temperature of 250 degrees centigrade and should be applied to the neck for about 10 seconds, (b) the material should be raised to a 10 temperature of preferably 95-100 degrees centigrade, and (c) a nozzle which applies the hot air to the neck should be about 15-20mm from the neck. Heating the respective materials above for the time indicated allows the material to be softened and mechanically bent into its final form. Exceeding the heating times above could cause the material to overheat and become damaged. is Turning to Figs. 8 and 9, each pivoting tuft 30 has a multiplicity of bristles 46, a base support 48 and an anchor pivot 50. The bristles are secured to and extend from a first end 52 of the base support while a first end 54 of the anchor pivot extends from a second end 56 of the base support. The base support and anchor pivot are preferably a unitary structure made of the same material. Anchor pivot 50 includes a 20 first portion 58 near the first end 54 and a second portion 60 near a second end 62 of the anchor pivot. First portion 58 is smaller in an X an Y dimension than second portion 60. Base support 48 is larger in an X and Y dimension than second portion 60 of the anchor support. Second portion 60 includes a pair of lips 63. The anchor pivot defines an opening 64 therethrough. 25 Tuft 30 can also be made by a hot-tufting type process as described above. Instead of injecting plastic into the mold to form a toothbrush handle, neck and head, the plastic is injected into a mold to form base support 48 and anchor pivot 50, capturing bristles 46 when the injected plastic cools. With reference to Figs. 10-12, through holes 40 (Fig. 6) will now be 30 described. Each hole 40 extends from a top surface 66 of the brush head through a bottom surface 68. Hole 40 includes first and second portions 70 and 72. Portion 72 is substantially a parallelepiped except that some of its lower section is rounded off (see -8 Fig. 11). Portion 70 is also substantially a parallelepiped except that two of its sides are flared to the sides by about 15 degrees (see Fig. 12). Hole portion 72 is longer in a dimension A than hole portion 70 (Fig. 11). Hole portion 70 has about the same width in a dimension B as hole portion 72 where hole portions 70 and 72 meet (Fig. 12). 5 Dimensions A and B are substantially perpendicular to each other in this embodiment. A pair of lips 73 are defined by this arrangement. Turning now to Figs. 13-16, the insertion of pivoting tufts 30 into holes 40 will be described. A tuft 30 is positioned over a hole 40 with end 62 of anchor pivot 50 facing the hole (Fig. 13). As shown in Figs. 16A-C, tuft 30 is moved towards hole 40 10 until end 62 starts to enter the hole (Fig. 16A). Tuft 30 is then pressed into the hole causing sides of hole portion 70 to squeeze second portion 60 of the anchor pivot. Accordingly, anchor pivot 50 collapses causing opening 64 to become temporarily smaller. Tuft 30 is then pushed all the way into hole 40 (Fig. 16C) at which point the resilient plastic anchor pivot springs back to its form shown in Fig. 16A. This paragraph 15 describes a snap-fit retention of tuft 30 to the head. Referring to Fig. 16C, base support 48 is longer in the A dimension than hole portion 70 and thus prevents tuft 30 from being pressed further into hole 40. Second portion 60 is also longer in the A dimension than hole portion 70 and so prevents tuft 30 from moving back out of hole 40. This is due to the fact that lips 63 20 (Fig. 8) engage lips 73 (Fig. 11). This arrangement also prevents tuft 30 from rotating about the long axis of the bristles. As shown in Fig. 15, tuft 30 pivots when it is engaged by, for example, portions of the oral cavity during brushing. Preferably each tuft 30 can pivot up to about 15 degrees to either side of a position perpendicular to surface 66. 25 Turning to Figs. 17 and 18, another type of tooth cleaning element in the form of a fin 80 is disclosed. Each fin is supported by a base support 48 and an anchor pivot 50 (both not shown) as described above, allowing the fin to pivot on the brush head. Alternatively, a fin can be securely affixed to the head so that it does not pivot. The fin is created of a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) by an injection molding process. 30 In this embodiment, a textured surface is provided by a series of ribs 82. These ribs enhance cleaning of the oral cavity. The ribs are formed by injection molding a TPE over the fin. The ribs are preferably softer than the fin. Alternative textured surfaces - 9 (e.g. dimples) can be used in place of the ribs. As shown in Fig. 18, the fin has a width of preferably about .030 inches. The long dimension of the fin above the base support is preferably .420 inches. A tip 84 of fin 80 has a width of preferably .007 inches. The distance from the base of the ribs to 5 tip 84 is about .168 inches whereas the distance from the top of the ribs to the tip is about .079 inches. The top of the ribs have a width of about .035 inches. The ribs (textured surface) preferably extend about 2-12 mil away from said fin. Fig. 19 is a partial sectional view of a toothbrush showing another embodiment of the invention. A head 90 and all of the tooth cleaning elements 10 projecting from the head are the same as shown in Fig. 1. A handle 92 encloses a 1.5 volt triple A battery 94 and a motor 96. An eccentrically mounted weight 98 is secured to a drive shaft 100 which projects from the motor. An on/off switch 102 projects slightly out of the handle. When the on/off switch is depressed a first time, an electrical circuit 15 between battery 94 and motor 96 is completed causing the motor to rotate shaft 100. The shaft preferably rotates at between about 9700-12,400 rpm Weight 98 is thus also rotated. As the weight is eccentrically mounted, rotating the weight causes a vibration which is transmitted to handle 92, head 90 and the tooth cleaning elements on the head. One type of motor which can be used is a P/N Q6DL-2.6A with a # 17 20 counterweight attached. This motor was bought from Jin Long Machinery, 640 Dean Street, Brooklyn, NY 11238 (718.783.2328). Also see www.vibratormotor.com. It should be noted that tooth cleaning elements 28 (Fig. 3)are oriented at an acute angle relative to that portion of a top surface of head 16 from which elements 28 project. In another embodiment of the invention, one or more of tooth cleaning 25 elements 34, 36 and 38 can also be oriented at an acute angle to the top surface of head 16. The tooth cleaning elements can be oriented at two or more different angles and can also be angled in different directions such as along the length of the head, across the width of the head or part way between the length and width of the head (a compound angle). The tooth cleaning elements are preferably at an angle of between about 65-85 30 degrees measured from a line parallel or tangent to the top surface of the head. All of tooth cleaning elements 28, 30, 34, 36 and 38 also have a non-circular cross-sections (see Fig 2). Elements 30, 34 and 38 have cross-sections that - 10 can be described as a prolate ellipsoid with flattened long sides. Element 28 has a free end that defines a plane 28A which is non-perpendicular to a direction 28B in which element 28 extends away from head portion 20. The free end of element 28 can alternatively have a non-flat shape (e.g. curved) which can be formed by a hot tufting or 5 spool feed tufting manufacturing process. As shown in Fig. 3, the various tooth cleaning elements 28, 30, 34, 36 and 38 extend different heights above head 16. These elements also have several different cross-sections. In an alternative embodiment, the elements can also be at a number of different acute angles relative to the top surface of the head. 10 Further, one or more of these tooth cleaning elements can be replaced by a tooth cleaning element which is made of a thermoplastic elastomer. The thermoplastic elastomer tooth cleaning element can be a unitary structure, or it can be made up of a number of substructures. For example, the thermoplastic elastomer element could be a large unitary bristle (i.e. a nub) or it could have a number of smaller bristles (e.g. a tuft 15 of bristles). The element could also be in the shape of a fin (as in Fig. 18), cup (e.g. prophy cup) or wall (curved or straight). Different types of bristles which can be used on the toothbrush are bristles which (a) are tapered at their free end, (b) are flagged at their free end, (c) are hollow (see e.g. US Patent 5,836,769), (d) are crimped (see e.g. US Patent 6,058,541), 20 (e) have a cross-shaped or triangular cross-section, (f) are flocked, or (g) are notched (see e.g. US Patent 6,018,840). A tuft of bristles can alternatively have bristles made of different materials (e.g. some bristles made of nylon and other bristles made of polybutylene terepthalate) or bristles having different diameters. 25 Further, the plastic head can alternatively be covered partially or completely in a thermoplastic elastomer which acts to protect the teeth and gums from the plastic head. This results in a head made of two materials. Additional types of materials could also be provided on the head.