AU2010201502A1 - Chemical transfer system - Google Patents

Description

P/00/011 Regulation 3.2 AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 ORIGINAL COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Invention Title: CHEMICAL TRANSFER SYSTEM Applicant: Goldacres Holdings Pty. Ltd. The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me: 1 2 CHEMICAL TRANSFER SYSTEM Cross Reference 5 This complete application is associated with provisional patent application No. 2009901652 filed on 17 April 2009, the contents of which are to be taken as incorporated herein by this reference. Field of the Invention 10 The present invention generally relates to a chemical transfer system for transferring chemicals from a supply container to industrial and/or agricultural equipment. The invention is particularly applicable for agricultural spraying equipment and apparatus and it will be convenient to hereinafter disclose the 15 invention in relation to that exemplary application. However, it is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to that application and could be used in any application where hazardous or dangerous chemicals need to be transferred from a supply container to another location. 20 Background of the Invention The following discussion of the background to the invention is intended to facilitate an understanding of the invention. However, it should be appreciated that the discussion is not an acknowledgement or admission that any of the 25 material referred to was published, known or part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of the application. Toxic and other poisonous chemicals are used in many agricultural applications. For example, crop sprayers apply insecticide and other chemicals to crops 30 using a water based dispersant. These types of chemicals are often supplied in the form of liquids contained in large chemical containers such as 55 gallon steel drums, plastic barrels, tanks or the like. In order to transfer these chemicals to the application equipment, a user must either pour the chemical directly into a receptacle in the equipment, or use a transfer device such as a X:\ECP\Patent Spefications\Ovisionals\Cheical Transfer System chemical transfer system -omplete.doc 3 pump or similar. In some cases these transfer procedures can cause a portion of the contents to be spilled on personnel which can cause harm. One chemical transfer system known to the applicant comprises a vacuum 5 system that enables chemicals to be sucked out of a chemical supply container and into a chemical tank of a Direct Chemical Injection (DCI) system used on agricultural spraying equipment. While the system provides less contact between the user and chemicals, it has been found that more viscous fluids can take a long time to transfer from the chemical supply container to the chemical 10 tank, particularly when the viscous fluid is cold. It is therefore desirable to provide an alternative chemical transfer system which can safely feed the contents of the supplied chemical containers to application equipment. 15 Summary of the Invention According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a chemical transfer system for transferring chemicals from a chemical supply container 20 having at least one top opening. The system includes a drop tube configured to be fitted into a top opening of the chemical supply container in a liquid-tight manner; a feed line fluidly connected to the drop tube to convey liquid from the drum through the drop tube; and a pressure producing device fluidly connected to the chemical supply container. In use, the pressure producing device applies 25 a positive pressure to the chemical supply container to push fluid through the drop tube and through the feed line to fluidly connected equipment or apparatus. This chemical transfer system uses pressure, preferably air pressure to 30 dispense the fluid content out from a chemical supply container. The application of air pressure forces the chemical out of the container through a drop tube to fluidly connected equipment or apparatus, for example a chemical reservoir or tank of an agricultural spraying apparatus. This system can be used with a variety of different type and shapes of chemical supply containers X:ECP\Patent Specficatios\Prvisionalsichetmca Tansfer Systemchemical transfer system c mplete.doc 4 available on the market because the device fits within a top opening of that container. No specifically configured container mount is required. In most cases, all that needs to be customised for a particular type of container is a connector which provides a fluid tight fit between the top opening of that 5 particular chemical supply container and the drop tube. A visual flow indicator can be included within the feed line to see that the fluid transfer system is operating. The visual flow indicator can comprise any suitable device such as rotatable blades actuated by the flow, a sight glass, clear flow 10 tubing or similar. The pressure producing device can supply any suitable and/or compatible fluid into the chemical supply container to charge that chemical supply container. Typically, that fluid would be inert with the fluid in the chemical supply container. 15 In most cases, the pressure producing device provides pressurised air to the chemical supply container. The pressure producing device can therefore be an air pump, air compressor or similar device. However, it should be appreciated other gases or fluids, such as nitrogen, could be used where air may react or otherwise degrade the fluid in the container. 20 The pressure producing device can be fluidly connected to any suitable portion or section of the chemical supply container that enables the container to be charged with fluid from the device. Preferably, the pressure producing device is fluidly connected to a top opening of the chemical supply container. In some 25 embodiments, the pressure producing device is fluidly connected to the same top opening of the chemical supply container that the drop tube is received. The top opening of the container can comprise any type of opening such as a bung opening, threaded opening, snap fitting opening or the like. 30 The fluidly connected equipment can be any fluid receiving system or apparatus. For example, the fluidly connected equipment could include a direct chemical injection (DCI) system. The DCI system is preferably operatively associated with an agricultural spraying apparatus. In other embodiments, the X:\ECP\Patent Sieafications\Povisionals\ChemicaI Transfer Systemkchemical transfer system -complete doc 5 fluidly connected equipment could include a chemical reservoir or tank of an agricultural spraying apparatus. It can be advantageous to be able to select the amount of fluid dispensed from 5 the chemical supply container using the chemical transfer system of the present invention. In some embodiments, the drop tube includes calibrations corresponding to known fluid units. The drop tube is also preferably configured to be movable in height within the chemical supply container, to enable the length of the drop tube to be raised or lowered within the chemical supply 10 container. The tube can then be set to a calibrated height corresponding to the amount of fluid to be withdrawn from the chemical supply container. The chemical supply container is preferably a container supplied from the chemical manufacturer. Chemicals can be supplied in a variety of containers 15 such as plastic drums or tanks, metal drums or tanks or others. In some embodiments, the chemical supply container is a recyclable and/or reusable chemical supply container. One suitable recyclable/reusable chemical supply container is the ENVIRODRUM* and Nufarm ENVIROTANK* range of containers available from Nufarm Limited. 20 According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a direct chemical injection system. In this system, a mount is provided for a chemical supply container having at least one top opening. A drop tube is also included configured to be fitted into a top opening of the chemical supply container in a 25 liquid-tight manner. A feed line fluidly connected to the drop tube is used to convey liquid from the drum through the drop tube. A vacuum-producing means is also fluidly connected with the feed line and is used to withdraw fluid from the drum through the drop tube feed line. 30 This aspect of the present invention enables a supply chemical tank to be directly used as the chemical reservoir for a direct chemical injection (DCI) system, for example a DCI system of an agricultural spraying apparatus. This enables a DCI system to be designed with minimal clean in place systems, as the main chemical reservoir is not a permanently part of the DCI system. Only X.\ECP\Patent SDeofications\Provisionals\Chemica Transe System eica transfer system -omplete.doc 6 the feed line of the DCI system would need to be cleaned before a new supply chemical tank is connected for use. Again, the only custom addition for a particular type of chemical supply container is a connector to provide a fluid tight fit between the top opening of that particular type of chemical supply 5 container and the drop tube. As with the first aspect of the invention, it is preferable for the chemical supply container to be a container containing chemicals as supplied from the chemical manufacturer, and more preferably a recyclable or reusable chemical supply 10 container. Suitable recyclable/reusable chemical supply containers include ENVIRODRUM* and Nufarm ENVIROTANK* products available from Nufarm Limited. ENVIRODRUM* and Nufarm ENVIROTANK* products are returnable to the manufacturer or a designated recycling agent where the containers are cleaned and refilled. 15 The vacuum-producing means can be used to transfer from the drum to the drop tube feed line through to the fluidly connected equipment or apparatus. In some embodiments, the vacuum-producing means comprises a pump. 20 It is preferable for the direct chemical injection system to further include a pressure producing device fluidly connected to the chemical supply container, which in use selectively applies a positive pressure to the chemical supply container to assist the egress of fluid through the drop tube and through the feed line to fluidly connected equipment or apparatus. The vacuum-producing 25 means is preferably used as the primary means of withdrawing fluid from the tank through the drop tube. The pressure producing device can therefore be selectively operated to assist the vacuum-producing means move fluid out from the chemical supply container. Typically, the pressure producing device is used when the fluid in the chemical supply container is an overly viscous fluid, and 30 the vacuum-producing means is unable to feed the fluid at a suitable flow rate through the DCI system. However, some containers may also have suction problems using the system of the present invention. The pressure producing device can provide a positive head to assist the suction of the vacuum producing means. X:\ECP\Patent Speafications\Provisionals\Chemical Transfer Systemn\Chemnical transfer system .complete doc 7 The pressure producing device can supply any suitable and/or compatible fluid into the chemical supply container to charge that chemical supply container. In most cases, the pressure producing device provides pressurised air to the 5 chemical supply container. The pressure producing device can therefore be an air pump, air compressor or similar device. However, it should be appreciated other gases or fluids such as nitrogen, could be used where air may react or otherwise degrade the fluid in the container. 10 Controlling the amount of air pressure applied by the pressure producing device can be difficult. Chemical can be oversupplied from the chemical supply container if too much air pressure is provided by the pressure producing device. The DCI system therefore preferably further includes an over pressure device fitted in the feed line. In some embodiments, the overpressure device 15 comprises a pressure float device such as a vented container in the feed line that is fitted with a float or similar to stop the flow of chemical from the chemical supply container. Again, a visual flow indicator is preferably included within the feed line to 20 provide a visual indication that the fluid transfer system is operating. The visual flow indicator can comprise any suitable device such as rotatable blades actuated by the flow, a sight glass, clear flow tubing or similar. The fluidly connected equipment can be any fluid receiving system or apparatus 25 which includes the DCI system. The DCI system is preferably operatively associated with an agricultural spraying apparatus. In this form, the DCI system can be fluidly connected to a spray line or other fluid conduit of the spraying apparatus. 30 Brief Description of the Drawings The present invention will now be described with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings, which illustrate particular preferred embodiments of the present invention, wherein: X:\ECP\Patent Speafiations\Povisonals\Chemical Transfer Systemchemical transfer system -complete doc 8 Figure 1 is a schematic view of a chemical transfer system according to one embodiment of the present invention. 5 Figure 2 is a schematic view of a direct chemical injection system according to one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Description 10 Referring to Figure 1, there is shown a chemical transfer system 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. The system includes a chemical supply container, in this case a drum 12 (preferably an ENVIRODRUM* available from Nufarm Limited), an air pressure source 14, a drop tube 15, feed line 16, sight glass 17 and a chemical tank 18 which is fixed to agricultural 15 equipment such as a crop sprayer or similar (not illustrated). The illustrated drum 12 is a closed fluid tight container having an opening 20 positioned in the top 23 of the drum 12. The opening 20 of the drum normally is fitted with a closure (not shown). This cap is removed and inserted in its place 20 is a connector 22 which is adapted to receive the drop tube 15. The drop tube 15 is held in liquid-tight relationship with respect to the connector 22 using any suitable means such as compression seals or the like. The connector 22 is custom designed to fit the particular opening 20 of the illustrated container to provide a fluid tight fit between the drop tube 15 and the opening 20. It is to be 25 understood that a different connector 22 may have to be used for different types of chemical supply containers. Where ENVIRODRUM~s are used, it is to be understood that this drum has a special coupling which the coupling of the invention is adapted to connect to and includes a drop tube as standard. 30 The upper end of the drop tube 15 extending out from the drum 12 is connected to the feed line 16. The feed line 16 can in some embodiments include a non return valve, such as a ball-type check valve (not shown) which only allows fluid flow out from the drop tube 15. X AECP\Patent Specfications\Provisionals\Chemica Transfer Systemkchemical transfer system -complete.doc 9 A suitable pressure-producing device, for example air compressor 14 (preferably a low pressure air compressor) is also connected to the top opening 20. The air compressor 14 is used to apply positive pressure to the interior of the drum 12. Air pressure is used to charge the drum 12. The positive 5 pressure pushes fluid in the interior of the drum 12 up through the drop tube 15 into the feed line. The dispensed fluid is displaced by air from the air compressor 14. This chemical transfer system 10 allows hazardous chemical contained within the drum 12 to flow through the line to its ultimate point of application, which in this case is the chemical tank 18. 10 A sight glass 17 is included in the feed line 16 to provide a visual indication of the operation of the chemical transfer system 10. The sight glass 17 comprises a clear tube which is filled when fluid flows through the feed line 16. Fluid flow from the drum 12 can therefore be monitored. In some cases, the clear tube 15 has a larger diameter than the feed line 16 therefore allowing the clear tube to fill with liquid when the chemical transfer system 10 is operating. The sight glass 17 is preferably located in a position on the crop sprayer that is viewable to a driver of the sprayer or vehicle (in a cab of that vehicle) towing the sprayer whilst driving the sprayer. 20 In operation, an operator wishing to empty the contents of the drum 12 inserts the drop tube 15 into the top opening 20 in which connector 22 has been placed, and the air compressor 14 is also connected to a top opening of the drum 12. The feed line 16 from drop tube 15 with integral sight glass 17 is 25 connected to the chemical tank 18. In some embodiments, the drop tube 15 includes calibrations (not shown) corresponding to known fluid units such as gallons, litres, or the like. In these embodiments, the drop tube 15 can then be lowered to a height corresponding to the desired liquid quantity to be dispensed as indicated by the calibration, and only that amount would be withdrawn from 30 the drum 12 and transferred to the chemical tank 18. The air compressor 14 is then actuated and liquid is pushed from the drum 12 through drop tube 15 until the liquid level was below the bottom of the drop tube 15. Fluid flow is visually monitored through the sight glass 17. When another quantity of liquid is desired to be transferred from the drum 12 to the chemical tank 18, the drop tube 15 X ECP\atent Speaficaons\Povisionals\Cnemical Transfer Systen\chemiucal transfer system -omplete doc 10 can be lowered into the drum 12 to the desired depth and the compressor 14 operated. This can be repeated until the drum 12 is empty. The drum 12 can then be disposed of, cleaned and/or returned to the manufacturer. 5 It is thus seen that the chemical contents of the drum 12 never have an opportunity to contact the operators or other personnel in the transfer process. After the contents of the drum 12 are empty, it may be cleaned and the device removed and the drum 12 then returned to the manufacturer or disposed of in a suitable fashion. 10 Referring now to Figure 2, there is shown a direct chemical injection (DCI) system 110 according to one embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the illustrated DCI system uses a similar chemical transfer system 10 as described and illustrated with reference to Figure 1. Accordingly, 15 like components in Figure 2 have been given the same reference numerals as like components in Figure 1 plus 100. The illustrated system 110 is designed to allow a standard chemical supply container, such as an ENVIRODRUM*, Nufarm ENVIROTANK*, 55 gallon drum 20 or similar to be directly mounted to an agricultural apparatus (not illustrated), such as a crop sprayer, and directly supply the chemical contents of that container to the chemical reservoir and/or spray line of the agricultural apparatus. 25 The illustrated system 110 includes a chemical supply container, in this case a drum 112, preferably an ENVIRODRUM* as available from Nufarm Limited, a drum mount 113, an air pressure source 114, a drop tube 115, feed line 116, sight glass 117, over-pressure device 121, vacuum source 128 and a spray feed line 119. The system is mounted on agricultural equipment such as a crop 30 sprayer or similar (not illustrated). The illustrated drum 112 is a closed fluid tight container having a opening 120 positioned in the top 123 of the drum 112. The drum 112 is fitted to a selected piece of agricultural equipment using a suitable mount, which in the illustrated X:\ECP\Patent Speaficatios\ProvisionalsCJemicaI Transfer Systemcheical transfer system -complete doc 11 embodiment comprises a form fitting base seat 113A and an upper body hoop restraint 113B. A lifting device (not illustrated) such as an electric winch or similar can also be included for lifting and lowering the drum 112 onto the selected piece of agricultural equipment. However, it is to be appreciated many 5 other mounting configurations could be used. The opening 120 of the drum normally is fitted with a closure (not shown). This closure is removed and inserted in its place is a connector 122 which is adapted to receive the drop tube 15. The drop tube 115 is held in liquid-tight relationship with respect to the connector 122 using any suitable means such as compression seals or the like. 10 Again, the connector 122 is custom designed to fit the particular opening 120 of the illustrated container to provide a fluid tight fit between the drop tube 115 and the opening 120. The upper end of the drop tube 115 extending out from the drum 112 is fitted 15 with the feed line 116. Again, the feed line 116 can in some embodiments include a non-return valve (not shown) which allows fluid flow to only flow out from the drop tube 115. The other end of the feed line 116 is connected to a suitable vacuum-producing device such as a piston pump 128. This allows hazardous chemical contained within the drum 112 to flow through the feed line 20 116 to its ultimate point of application, in this case the spray line of an agricultural spraying apparatus (not illustrated). A suitable pressure-producing device, in this case air compressor 114 is also connected to the top opening 120. The air compressor 114 is used to 25 selectively apply positive pressure to the interior of the drum 112 to assist with discharging fluid from the drum 112. The air compressor 114 is generally used when the fluid in the drum is overly viscous and the rotary pump 128 is not sufficient to feed the chemical at a suitable flow rate through the feed line 116. 30 A sight glass 117 as described above is located in the feed line 116. Sight glass 117 also serves as a buffer/ reservoir to help eliminate air bubbles from the suction line. It also helps to make a positive head pressure above the pump 128. Again, the sight glass 117 is preferably located in a position on the crop XAECP\Patent SpeficatonsPrmvisonals\Chemical Transfer System\chermica transfer system -comnplete doc 12 sprayer that is viewable to a driver of the sprayer or vehicle towing the sprayer whilst driving the sprayer. Controlling the amount of air pressure can in some cases be difficult, with 5 excessive air pressure causing the pump to over supply chemical to the spray line 119. Accordingly, an overpressure device 121 is also used to ensure excessive pressure is not transferred down the feed line 116 to the pump 128 and the spray line 119. The overpressure device 121 can be a vented container in the line that is fitted with a float or similar to stop the excessive flow of 10 chemical from the drum 112. However, other overpressure devices such as burst discs, pressure relief valves or the like could also be used. In operation, an operator secures the drum 112 to the drum mount 113 and then inserts the drop tube 115 into the top opening 120 in which connector 122 has 15 been placed. The air compressor 114 is also connected to a top opening of the drum 112. The feed line 16 from the drop tube 115 with integral sight glass 117, over pressure device 121 and pump 128 would typically already be connected to the spray line 119. In some embodiments, the drop tube 115 includes calibrations (not shown) corresponding to known fluid units such as 20 gallons, litres, or the like. In these embodiments, the drop tube 115 can be lowered to a height corresponding to the desired liquid quantity to be dispensed as indicated by the calibration. The pump 128 is then actuated and liquid is drawn from the drum 112 through drop tube 115 until the liquid level was below the bottom of the drop tube 115. With viscous fluids, air compressor 114 could 25 also be used to apply pressure within the container to help push fluid through drop tube 115. The air compressor 114 adds additional pumping force to discharging the fluid from the drum 112. If excess pressure is created from one or both of the compressor 114 and the pump 128, then the overpressure device would trigger, releasing the excess pressure. Fluid flow is visually monitored 30 through the sight glass 117. When another quantity of liquid is desired to be transferred from the drum 112 to the spray line 119, the drop tube 115 can be lowered into the drum 112 to the desired depth and the compressor 114 operated. This can be repeated until the drum 112 is empty. The drum 112 can then be removed from the mount 113 and disposed of, cleaned and/or returned X \ECP\Patent SpeficatnsPovisonaLs\Chemical Transfer Systermchemical transfer system -complete.doc 13 to the manufacturer. In the case of ENVIRODRUM*'s and Nufarm ENVIROTANK*'s, these drums are returned to the manufacturer and recycled. As can be appreciated, the use of a chemical supply container in DCI systems 5 enables the DCI system to be used without a chemical cleaning in place system (CIP) for the chemical tank. In this DCI system of the present invention, the chemical supply container forms the chemical reservoir for the DCI system, and can be replaced once the chemical contents therein are exhausted. If a new chemical is required to be used, the feed line 116 can be charged with water to 10 clean the line and the new chemical container connected, ready for use. This significantly simplifies a DCI system. Furthermore, the use of the chemical supply container enables the contents of the drum 112 to never be in direct contact with the agricultural apparatus operator or other personnel, because the chemical is not transferred from the chemical supply container, but rather is 15 used insitu. After the contents of the drum 112 are empty, the chemical supply container may be cleaned and the device removed and the drum 112 then returned to the manufacturer or disposed of in a suitable fashion. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention described herein is 20 susceptible to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is understood that the invention includes all such variations and modifications which fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention. Where the terms "comprise", "comprises", "comprised" or "comprising" are used 25 in this specification (including the claims) they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components, but not precluding the presence of one or more other feature, integer, step, component or group thereof. X:\ECP\Patent Speofications\Pvisionals\Chmical Transfer Systemchemical transfer system -omplete doc

Claims (23)

1. A chemical transfer system for transferring chemicals from a chemical supply container having at least one top opening comprising: 5 a drop tube configured to be fitted into a top opening of the chemical supply container in a liquid-tight manner; a feed line fluidly connected to the drop tube to convey liquid from the drum through the drop tube; and a pressure producing device fluidly connected to the chemical supply 10 container, which in use applies a positive pressure to the chemical supply container to push fluid through the drop tube and through the feed line to fluidly connected equipment or apparatus.

2. A chemical transfer system according to claim 1, further including a 15 visual flow indicator within the feed line.

3. A chemical transfer system according to claim 2, wherein the visual flow indicator comprises a sight glass. 20

4. A chemical transfer system according to claim 1, wherein the pressure producing device provides pressurised air to the chemical supply container.

5. A chemical transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressure producing device is fluidly connected to a top opening of 25 the chemical supply container.

6. A chemical transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the feed line is fluidly connected to a chemical reservoir or tank of an agricultural spraying apparatus. 30

7. A chemical transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the top opening of the container is a bung opening. XAECP\Patent Soeoficatos\rvisionals\ChmicaI Transfer System\chemical transfer system -complete coc 15

8. A chemical transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fluidly connected equipment includes a direct chemical injection system. 5

9. A chemical transfer system according to claim 8, wherein the direct chemical injection system is operatively associated with an agricultural spraying apparatus

10. A chemical transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, 10 wherein the drop tube includes calibrations corresponding to known fluid units.

11. A chemical transfer system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the chemical supply container is a recyclable or reusable container. 15

12. A direct chemical injection system comprising: a mount for a chemical supply container having at least one top opening; a drop tube configured to be fitted into a top opening of the chemical supply container in a liquid-tight manner; a feed line fluidly connected to the drop tube to convey liquid from the 20 drum through the drop tube; and a vacuum-producing means fluidly connected with the feed line for withdrawing fluid from the drum through the drop tube feed line.

13. A direct chemical injection system according to claim 12, wherein the 25 chemical supply container is a recyclable chemical supply container.

14. A direct chemical injection system according to any one of claims 12 or 13, wherein the vacuum-producing means comprises a pump. 30

15. A direct chemical injection system according to any one of claims 12 to 14, further including a pressure producing device fluidly connected to the chemical supply container, which in use selectively applies a positive pressure to the chemical supply container to assist the egress of fluid through the drop tube and through the feed line to fluidly connected equipment or apparatus. X:\ECP\Patent Specficaons\Provisionals\ChemicaI Transfer System\chemical transfer system -coplete.doc 16

16. A direct chemical injection system according to claim 15, wherein the pressure producing device provides pressurised air to the chemical supply container. 5

17. A direct chemical injection system according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the pressure producing device is selectively operated to assist the vacuum producing means. 10

18. A direct chemical injection system according to any one of claims 12 to 17, further including a visual flow indicator within the feed line.

19. A direct chemical injection system according to claim 18, wherein the visual flow indicator comprises a sight glass. 15

20. A direct chemical injection system according to any one of claims 12 to 19, further including an over pressure device fitted in the feed line.

21. A direct chemical injection system according to claim 20, wherein the 20 overpressure device comprises a pressure float device.

22. A direct chemical injection system according to any one of claims 12 to 21, wherein the direct chemical injection system is part of an agricultural spraying apparatus. 25

23. A chemical transfer system and/or direct chemical injection system substantially as herein described in accordance with the accompanying drawings. X:\ECP\Patent Spefications\Povis nas\Chemical Trnsfer Systemctmical transfer system -COmpletedoC