AU2010101395A4 - A pyrolysis device - Google Patents

A pyrolysis device Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2010101395A4
AU2010101395A4 AU2010101395A AU2010101395A AU2010101395A4 AU 2010101395 A4 AU2010101395 A4 AU 2010101395A4 AU 2010101395 A AU2010101395 A AU 2010101395A AU 2010101395 A AU2010101395 A AU 2010101395A AU 2010101395 A4 AU2010101395 A4 AU 2010101395A4
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Australia
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internal
pyrolysis chamber
pyrolysis
hatch
chamber
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AU2010101395A
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Brian Lewis
John Sanderson
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FLOW FORCE TECHNOLOGIES Pty Ltd
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Flow Force Tech Pty Ltd
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Priority claimed from AU2009906019A external-priority patent/AU2009906019A0/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/02Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge
    • C10B47/06Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion with stationary charge in retorts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

A PYROLYSIS DEVICE FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5 The present invention relates to a pyrolysis device, in particular a pyrolysis device used for the decomposition of biological materials or biomass, in the production of biological charcoal and other intermediate products. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 10 Pyrolysis is a process by which organic materials are subjected to very high temperatures, resulting in the decomposition of the materials. Subsequently, products produced from the process of pyrolysis can be used for a variety of purposes. 15 For example, the pyrolysis of wood typically results in the production of charcoal, which has a number of useful applications including use as a cooking fuel, automotive fuel, industrial fuel and also as a filtration mechanism. 20 Biological charcoal, more commonly known as biochar, is a particular type of charcoal produced from the pyrolysis of natural organic materials or biomass such as yard clippings, wood chips, municipal waste, and other herbaceous and animal matter. 25 There is growing environmental and commercial interest in biochar, as it can be used for a number of ecological purposes. For example, biochar can be used as a soil conditioner, wherein the addition of biochar to the soil can enhance soil quality and crop yields. 30 The addition of biochar in soils also: - Enhances retention of nutrients such as carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen in the soil; - Enhances nutrient efficiency; - Enhances cation exchange capacity; 35 - Increases water retention capacity; 1 - Improves soil structure; - Decreases acidity in the soil; and - Decreases the uptake of toxins into the soil. 5 However, the high chemical stability and carbon content of biochar is a particularly advantageous feature. This increased stability and carbon content enables biochar to sequester carbon from the atmosphere and remain in soils for a significant period of time. 10 The burning of fossil fuels contributes a considerable amount of carbon dioxide (C02) to the atmosphere. Biochar can effectively sequester the carbon from the atmosphere and store it in the ground, thereby reducing the volume of atmospheric carbon and greenhouse gases. As mentioned above, once returned to the soil, the biochar imparts significant benefits to the soil thereafter. 15 The ability for biochar to sequester carbon and partially offset carbon and greenhouse gas emissions, is of particular environmental and commercial interest, due to the growing concern regarding climate change, carbon emissions and other greenhouse gases. 20 Conventionally, biomass pyrolysis involves the use of very large and complex assemblies and systems. Further, these assemblies typically involve direct burning and combustion of the actual biomass. Direct combustion of the biomass can result in poor quality products and the resulting products may be pollutants 25 rather than the useful biochar product. Additionally, the pyrolysis of biomass can also produce additional unwanted pollutants such as hydrocarbon gases and tars. Consequently, the production of these pollutants contributes to the carbon emissions, greenhouse gases and 30 climate change. This negates the purpose and function of producing biochar to sequester atmospheric carbon and greenhouse gases. Further, once the biochar is produced, it can be difficult to remove the product entirely from the pyrolysis chamber or vessel. Consequently, through prolonged 2 use, the residual biochar product can build up within the chamber or vessel and cleaning thereafter can be a difficult and labor-intensive task. Additionally, the build up of residual biochar product over time, can render the 5 pyrolysis chamber or vessel ineffective and inefficient. Another distinct disadvantage of conventional biomass pyrolysis assemblies and systems is that they can utilize a great deal of energy and fuel, in order to achieve a suitable temperature at which effective pyrolysis of the biomass can 10 take place. As such, these assemblies can be very costly to operate and maintain. Given the operational complexities in conventional biomass pyrolysis assemblies, another disadvantage of these assemblies is that they are only adapted for use 15 with refined biomass. That is, the biomass must be subjected to a physical pre treatment prior to undergoing pyrolysis. Physical pre-treatment typically involves a mechanical reduction in biomass particulate size. The set up of conventional pyrolysis assemblies often requires 20 small particulate size to facilitate effective and efficient pyrolysis of the biomass thereafter. The necessity of pre-treatment of the biomass prior to pyrolysis can be a time consuming and expensive task, requiring additional time and resources. This 25 adds to the operating expenses associated with conventional pyrolysis assemblies. As such, there is a growing need to develop more effective and efficient technologies and processes to produce biochar. 30 OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact and effective pyrolysis device that is used to batch process biomass for the production of 35 biochar. 3 Unlike conventional pyrolysis assemblies, which are often large and complex, the present invention is advantageous in that the pyrolysis device is essentially a self-contained and enclosed assembly. 5 The pyrolysis device incorporates an outer enclosure, an internal pyrolysis chamber, a heat or fuel source and a collection compartment, wherein the resulting biochar product can be collected thereafter. Advantageously, this compact design facilitates easy operation and maintenance, wherein a single 10 user can easily and safely operate the device. The outer enclosure possesses an opening or lid, providing a user with convenient access to the internal pyrolysis chamber. The internal pyrolysis chamber also possesses a hatch, enabling convenient loading of biomass into 15 the chamber. Advantageously, the internal chamber is movable and can assume either a load, operational or discharge position. The various positions of the internal pyrolysis chamber facilitates convenient and safe loading, operation and maintenance of 20 the device. For example, in the load position, the hatch of the chamber is positioned such that it coincides with the lid of the outer enclosure. This enables a user to conveniently load biomass into the internal pyrolysis chamber. 25 In the operational position of internal pyrolysis chamber, the hatch is positioned away from the lid of the outer enclosure. This presents an advantage both from an operational and safety perspective as it ensures that any hot materials or gases cannot escape through the hatch of the chamber and subsequently out 30 through the lid of outer enclosure, potentially harming the user or the surrounding environment. Once pyrolysis is complete, the internal pyrolysis chamber is rotated into the discharge position, wherein the hatch positioned over the collection compartment. 35 The hatch unlocks and opens over the collection compartment such that the 4 resulting biochar product falls down into the collection compartment. The discharge position of the chamber advantageously provides a clean and convenient means of transferring and collecting the biochar product into the collection compartment. 5 Another distinct advantage of the pyrolysis device lies within the design and function of the hatch of the internal pyrolysis chamber. The hatch possesses a number of raised edges, such that when the hatch is closed over the opening of the internal pyrolysis chamber, it does not form an air tight fit over the opening of 10 the chamber. The raised edges of the hatch come into contact with the outer surface of the chamber, whilst small gaps or passages are formed between the remaining unraised edges of the hatch and the outer surface of the chamber. The pressure within the internal pyrolysis chamber builds up as a result of the 15 gases generated during pyrolysis. The passages formed between the edges of the hatch and the outer surface of the chamber effectively provide vents for these gases to escape from the chamber into the outer enclosure of the device. Further, during pyrolysis wherein the internal pyrolysis chamber assumes the 20 operational position, the hatch is positioned toward the heat source located within the outer enclosure. Therefore, as the gases escape from the chamber, they are directed toward the heat source by the passages formed between the edges of the hatch and the outer surface of the chamber and ignited upon exit from the chamber. 25 This is particularly advantageous, as it ensures any gaseous and volatile pollutants generated during pyrolysis are combusted within the outer enclosure of the pyrolysis device and do not escape out into the atmosphere. The enclosed design of the pyrolysis device facilitates the pyrolysis of biomass in an effective, 30 safe and clean manner. An additional afterburner is also located within the enclosed assembly of the pyrolysis device. The afterburner facilitates effective combustion of any excess gaseous and volatile pollutants that are not ignited by the heat source in the first 35 instance. Again, this ensures that any pollutants generated during pyrolysis are 5 contained and treated within the enclosed assembly of the pyrolysis device and do not escape out into the surrounding environment. Another advantage of the pyrolysis device is that the biomass does not come into 5 direct contact with the heat or fuel source. The biomass is situated within the internal pyrolysis chamber whilst the heat or fuel source is located within the outer enclosure. Subsequently, during operation the biomass undergoes anaerobic decomposition at high temperatures via the application of heat to the exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber. 10 Advantageously, by placing the biomass into an internal pyrolysis chamber and subjecting it to both anaerobic conditions and indirect heating, pyrolysis of the biomass occurs more effectively and efficiently. Further, the biochar produced thereafter, possesses a much higher quality than that of biomass that undergoes 15 direct combustion. The enclosed assembly also prevents the release of any pollutants such as hydrocarbons, generated during pyrolysis into the atmosphere. Any pollutants generated and released from the internal pyrolysis chamber will be ignited upon 20 release by the heat source located within the outer enclosure. Advantageously , any biogas generated during pyrolysis is also re-routed back to fuel the heat source of the device. This provides an efficient means of fuelling the pyrolysis device during operation. 25 Advantageously, the arrangement of the internal pyrolysis chamber and the collection compartment enables the resulting biochar product to be easily collected thereafter with minimal effort. In the discharge position, the hatch located on the chamber opens and allows the biochar product to fall from the 30 chamber into the collection compartment, without the need to manually scrape or collect the biochar from the chamber. The self-contained design of the pyrolysis device facilitates convenient transport and installation, wherein a user can place the device in any location as required. 6 For example, the device can be easily placed and used within a user's backyard to pyrolyze garden and household waste. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent 5 from the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein by way of illustration and example, an embodiment of the present invention is disclosed. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 10 In one form of the invention, although this should not be seen as limiting in any way, there is proposed a pyrolysis device having: an outer enclosure, wherein the outer enclosure houses an internal pyrolysis chamber and a heat source, 15 the outer enclosure having a lid providing access to the internal pyrolysis chamber; the internal pyrolysis chamber characterized in that there is at least one aperture located thereon, wherein the aperture provides access into an interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber; 20 the internal pyrolysis chamber further characterized in that there is a hatch attached, wherein the hatch substantially covering the at least one aperture so as to provide a gas outlet; such that when the hatch is in a closed position, the hatch then substantially covers the at least one aperture so as to allow for the passage of 25 gas there through the gas outlet when heat from the heat source is applied to an exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber housed within the outer enclosure. Preferably, there is a collection compartment positioned adjacent to the outer enclosure. 30 Preferably the gas outlet is formed between the hatch and the exterior of the internal chamber, the hatch having a plurality of raised sections extending in a downward direction that abut against the exterior of the internal chamber when the hatch is in the closed position. 35 7 Preferably, the internal pyrolysis chamber is rotatable into a load position, an operational position and a discharge position. Preferably in the load position, the internal pyrolysis chamber is orientated such 5 that the hatch is in close proximity to the lid of the outer enclosure. Preferably in the operational position, the internal pyrolysis chamber is orientated such that the hatch is in close proximity to the heat source housed within the outer enclosure. 10 Preferably in the discharge position, the internal pyrolysis chamber is orientated such that the hatch is in close proximity to the collection compartment. Preferably, the hatch has a first and second pair of diametrically opposed edges, 15 the first and second pair of edges possess differing thicknesses, such that when the hatch is closed and substantially covers the aperture located on the internal pyrolysis chamber, the first pair of edges comes into direct contact with the exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber and the second pair of edges do not make direct contact, such that a passage is formed between the second pair of 20 edges and the internal pyrolysis chamber, the passages formed provide an outlet which allow the egress of gaseous or liquid products from within the internal pyrolysis chamber, formed during the pyrolysis of the biomass. Alternatively, the hatch possesses at least one aperture thereon so as to allow 25 the egress of gaseous or liquid products from the within internal pyrolysis chamber formed during the pyrolysis of the biomass. Preferably, the pyrolysis device operates in the absence of oxygen, wherein the biomass undergoes anaerobic pyrolysis within the internal pyrolysis chamber. 30 Preferably, the pyrolysis device comprises of an additional afterburner located within the outer enclosure. In another form of the invention, there is proposed a pyrolysis device having: 8 an outer enclosure, wherein the outer enclosure houses an internal pyrolysis chamber and a heat source; the outer enclosure having a lid providing access to the internal pyrolysis chamber; 5 the internal pyrolysis chamber characterized in that there is at least one aperture located thereon, wherein the aperture provides access into an interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber; the internal pyrolysis chamber further characterized in that there is a hatch attached to an exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber; 10 the hatch characterized in that it can be orientated outwardly from the internal pyrolysis chamber into an open position, or the hatch can be orientated inwardly toward the internal pyrolysis chamber into a closed position; the hatch further characterized in that it includes a plurality of raised sections extending in a downward direction to abut against the exterior of the 15 internal pyrolysis chamber when the hatch is orientated into the closed position, such that in the close position the hatch substantially covers the at least one aperture of the internal pyrolysis chamber so as to provide a gas outlet; such that when the pyrolysis device is in use, the gas outlet provides a passage for the egress of gaseous or liquid products from within internal cavity of the 20 internal pyrolysis chamber, generated during the pyrolysis process. Preferably, the plurality of raised sections extending from the hatch includes a first and second pair of diametrically opposed edges, the first and second pair of edges being of differing thicknesses, such that when the hatch is orientated into 25 the closed position and substantially covers the aperture located on the internal pyrolysis chamber, the first pair of edges comes into direct contact with the exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber, such that the gas outlet is formed between the second pair of edges and the internal pyrolysis chamber, the gas outlet formed provide a passage which allows the egress of gaseous or liquid 30 products from within internal cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber, formed during the pyrolysis of the biomass. Preferably, the hatch and the gas outlets are located in close proximity to the heat source, such that the egress of gaseous or liquid products generated during 35 pyrolysis are directed toward the heat source. 9 Preferably, the internal pyrolysis chamber is rotatable. Preferably, a method of production of pyrolyzed material using the pyrolysis device comprising the steps of: 5 rotating the internal pyrolysis chamber into a load position such that the hatch is in close proximity to the lid of the outer enclosure, wherein this position material can be loaded into the internal cavity of the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber; orientating the hatch of the internal pyrolysis chamber into the closed 10 position and rotating the internal pyrolysis chamber into an operating position such that the hatch is in close proximity to the heat source; heating the internal pyrolysis chamber and the material located within the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber; rotating the internal pyrolysis chamber into a discharge position on 15 completion of pyrolysis process so as to allow access to the pyrolyzed material therein. 10 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a better understanding of the present invention, it will now be described with respect to the preferred embodiment which shall be described herein with 5 reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: Figure 1 is a perspective view of the pyrolysis device; Figure 2 is a perspective view of the internal pyrolysis chamber; 10 Figure 3a is a side view of the internal pyrolysis chamber in the load position; Figure 3b is a side view of the internal pyrolysis chamber in the operational position; 15 Figure 3c is a side view of the internal pyrolysis chamber in the discharge position; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 20 Now referring to Figure 1, the pyrolysis device (1) having an outer enclosure (2), which houses an internal pyrolysis chamber (3) and a heat source (4). The outer enclosure (2) further comprises of a lid (5). This lid (5) provides access 25 to the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) housed within the outer enclosure (2). When the lid (5) is opened, biomass materials can be easily loaded into the pyrolysis device (1) via this opening in the outer enclosure (2). When the lid (5) of the outer enclosure (2) is closed, as illustrated in Figure 1, the 30 pyrolysis device (1) is essentially enclosed assembly. The purpose of the enclosed design and assembly of the pyrolysis device (1) is to prevent the release of any gaseous pollutants generated during pyrolysis into the atmosphere. Any pollutants that are released from the internal pyrolysis chamber (3), are effectively trapped and combusted within the outer 35 enclosure (2) of the pyrolysis device (1). 11 In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the pyrolysis device (1) further comprises of a collection compartment (6). This collection compartment (6) is located adjacent to the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) to enable the resulting biochar 5 product, produced from the action of pyrolysis of the biomass, to be collected. The collection compartment (6) facilitates safe and convenient handling and collection of the biochar product. The position of the collection compartment (6) with respect to the internal 10 pyrolysis chamber (3) enables the biochar product to easily fall into and accumulate in the collection compartment (6). This reduces the need for a user to manually scrape and collect the biochar, which can be a laborious and messy task. 15 Also located within the outer enclosure (2) there is an additional afterburner. In the particular embodiment shown in Figure 1, the afterburner is located within the flue (7) of the outer enclosure (2). The purpose of the afterburner is to ensure that any gaseous or volatile products that escape from the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) during the action of pyrolysis, are combusted within the outer enclosure (2) 20 and do not escape out into the atmosphere thereafter. Hence, the pyrolysis device (1) pyrolyzes biomass in an effective and environmentally friendly manner. As illustrated in Figure 2, housed within the outer enclosure (2) of the pyrolysis device (1), there is an internal pyrolysis chamber (3) and heat source (4). 25 Located on the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) is at least one aperture (8). This aperture (8) provides access to the interior of the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). Adjacent to this aperture (8) there is attached a hatch (9). The hatch (9) provides a means of covering or exposing the aperture (8), wherein 30 when the hatch (9) is open, the aperture (8) is exposed and the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber can be accessed. When the hatch (9) is in the closed position, the hatch (9) substantially covers the aperture (8), effectively sealing the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). 12 Wherein the lid (5) of the outer enclosure is open and the hatch (9) of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) is open, biomass can be easily loaded into the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). Once the biomass is loaded, the hatch (9) and the lid (5) are closed respectively to contain the biomass within the 5 internal pyrolysis chamber (3) and subsequently, seal the pyrolysis device prior to operation. The internal pyrolysis chamber (3) is located in close proximity with the heat source (4). In the particular embodiment illustrated in Figure 2, the heat source 10 (4) is located between the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) and the collection compartment (6). Effectively, the heat source (4) directs and applies heat to the bottom exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). The heat source (4) can include suitable burners such as propane burners or any 15 other suitable burners as known within the art. The purpose of the heat source (4) is to initiate and maintain the action of pyrolysis via the application of heat to the exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). Further, the heat source (4) also serves to ignite and combust gaseous and volatile products that are generated and escape from the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) during pyrolysis. 20 The outer enclosure (2) also includes an additional afterburner. In this particular embodiment, the afterburner is located in the flue (7) of the outer enclosure (2). The additional afterburner ignites and combusts any gaseous or volatile products that remain as a result of by-passing the heat source (4). This ensures that all 25 potentially harmful pollutants are ignited within the outer enclosure (2) of the pyrolysis device (1) thereby attaining effective and clean pyrolysis of biomass. The biomass loaded in the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3), undergoes pyrolysis via the application of heat by the heat source (4) to the 30 exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). The biomass does not come into direct contact with the heat source (4) and does not undergo direct combustion via the heat source (4). Effectively, the biomass undergoes anaerobic pyrolysis, as it is located within the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3), shielded from the heat source (4). Hence, the biochar product produced 13 thereafter is of a higher quality compared to biochar product produced from direct combustion. The hatch (9) located on the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) does not form a water 5 tight seal over the aperture (8) located thereon the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). The hatch (9) only substantially covers the aperture (8), such that an outlet (10) is formed between the edges of the hatch (9) and the exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). 10 During the action of pyrolysis, gaseous and volatile products are generated within the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). The outlets (10) provide a means to allow the egress of these gaseous and volatile products from the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) into the outer enclosure (2) and effectively relieving the pressure built up within the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). 15 The internal pyrolysis chamber (3) is rotatable with respect to the outer enclosure (2) and can assume a load, operational and discharge position. The rotation of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) is facilitated by an axial shaft (11), which extends through the centre of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). 20 The axial shaft (11) comprises of a first (12) and second (13) distal ends. The first distal end (12) does not penetrate through the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) but is affixed within the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) by an appropriate fastening means such as high tensile bolts. The second distal end 25 (13) extends through the exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) and subsequently through the outer enclosure (2) of the pyrolysis device (1). As such, the second distal end (13) can be accessed on the exterior of the outer enclosure (2). 30 The second distal end (13) possesses a handle (14), which enables a user to safely and easily rotate the internal pyrolysis chamber into either the load, operational or discharge position as required. As the handle (14) is located on the exterior of the outer enclosure (2), if necessary a user can safely manoeuvre the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) whilst the pyrolysis device (1) is in operation, as 14 the user is effectively and safely shielded by the outer enclosure (2) of the pyrolysis device (1). The internal pyrolysis chamber (3) also includes a temperature gauge such as a 5 thermocouple sensor or any other type of sensor as known in the art. In this particular embodiment, the thermocouple is located and housed within the hollow axial shaft (11). The thermocouple sensor enables the temperature within the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) to be monitored during operation. 10 The location of the thermocouple sensor within the axial shaft (11) facilitates accurate measurement of the temperature within the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). Additionally, the axial shaft (11) provides a means of physical protection of the thermocouple sensor from being directly subjected to the extreme temperatures within the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) and also prevents the build 15 up of residues from the biomass or biochar product on the thermocouple sensor, which can reduce the effectiveness and accuracy of the sensor. Figure 3a illustrates the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) in the load position, wherein the hatch (9) of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) is located adjacent to 20 the lid (5) of the outer enclosure (2). In this load position, the hatch (9) of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) and the lid (5) of the outer enclosure are effectively aligned such that biomass can be conveniently loaded into the pyrolysis device (1) via the open lid (5) and hatch (9). 25 Once the biomass is loaded, the hatch (9) of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) is closed. The hatch (9) can be secured in the closed position via an appropriate mechanism such as a latch or electronic or electromagnetic mechanism. Figure 3b depicts the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) in the operational position. 30 To achieve the operational position, the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) is rotated such that the hatch (9) located on the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) is orientated into close proximity with the heat source (4) located within the outer enclosure (2). Located within the outer enclosure (2) is a mechanical stop (15). As the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) is rotated into the operational position, the internal 35 pyrolysis chamber (3) abuts against this mechanical stop (15), which effectively 15 secures the chamber (3) in the operational position and prevents the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) from rotating further. The operational position is of particular significance. The outlets (10) formed 5 between the edges of the hatch (9) and the exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) are effectively aligned in close proximity to the heat source (4). During the action of pyrolysis, the outlets (10) provide a means for gaseous and volatile products generated to vent from within the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) out into the outer enclosure (2). This effectively relieves the pressure from within 10 the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) as the process of pyrolysis occurs. As the gaseous and volatiles exit the internal pyrolysis chamber (3), the outlets (10) effectively direct the egress of gases and volatiles toward the heat source (4). As such, the gases and volatiles are ignited and combusted upon contact 15 with the heat source (4). Any remaining gases and volatiles that have by-passed the heat source (4) are subsequently combusted within the outer enclosure (2) by the additional afterburner located therein. Advantageously, the gases and volatiles are combusted within the pyrolysis device (1) and prevented from release into the surrounding atmosphere. 20 During the process of pyrolysis, any viable biogases generated can also exit the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). These biogases may be recirculated upon exit from the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) back to the heat source (4). The biogases can be re-routed by any conventional means such as via a pipe or conduit 25 system. Advantageously, these gases and volatiles so combusted can provide an auxiliary means of fuelling the heat source (4) during the pyrolysis process. This can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the pyrolysis device whilst also reducing operating costs. 30 As such, the pyrolysis device (1) provides a convenient and environmentally sound manner in which to pyrolyze biomass into useful biochar product. Figure 3c illustrates the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) orientated into the discharge position after the completion of the pyrolysis process. The internal 35 pyrolysis chamber (3) is rotated such that the hatch (9) located on the internal 16 pyrolysis chamber (3) becomes unlatched and opens directly over the collection compartment (6) located underneath. In this discharge position, the resulting biochar product formed can simply fall 5 from the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) into the collection compartment (6). This convenient manner of collection, mitigates the need for a user to manually scrape or collect the biochar, which can be both a time consuming and messy task. The user then rotates the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) back into the load 10 position. Thereafter, the user can conveniently access and recover the biochar simply by sliding open the collection compartment, wherein the biochar has now transferred and accumulated. This effective transfer of the biochar also reduces the potential build up of 15 residual biochar material from the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3), wherein the biochar drops freely from the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) into the collection compartment (6). This reduces the need to clean the internal pyrolysis chamber (3) after every batch and further prolongs use and function of the internal pyrolysis chamber (3). 20 As depicted in Figures 1-3, the pyrolysis device (1) is essentially an enclosed and contained unit. This design facilitates easy transport and installation of the pyrolysis device (1) wherein a user can position the pyrolysis device (1) in any appropriate space. For example, the pyrolysis device (1) can be positioned and 25 operated safely in a residential backyard. Although the invention has been herein shown and described in what is conceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it is recognised that departures can be made within the scope of the invention, which is not to be 30 limited to the details described herein but it is to be accorded the full scope of the appended claims so as to embrace any and all equivalent devices and apparatus. 17

Claims (5)

1. A pyrolysis device, having: an outer enclosure, wherein the outer enclosure houses an internal pyrolysis chamber and a heat source; the outer enclosure having a lid providing access to the internal pyrolysis chamber; the internal pyrolysis chamber characterized in that there is at least one aperture located thereon, wherein the aperture provides access into an interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber; the internal pyrolysis chamber further characterized in that there is a hatch attached to an exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber; the hatch characterized in that it can be orientated outwardly from the internal pyrolysis chamber into an open position, or the hatch can be orientated inwardly toward the internal pyrolysis chamber into a closed position; the hatch further characterized in that it includes a plurality of raised sections extending in a downward direction to abut against the exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber when the hatch is orientated into the closed position, such that in the close position the hatch substantially covers the at least one aperture of the internal pyrolysis chamber so as to provide a gas outlet; such that when the pyrolysis device is in use, the gas outlet provides a passage for the egress of gaseous or liquid products from within internal cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber, generated during the pyrolysis process.
2. The pyrolysis device as in claim 1, wherein the plurality of raised sections extending from the hatch includes a first and second pair of diametrically opposed edges, the first and second pair of edges being of differing thicknesses, such that when the hatch is orientated into the closed position and substantially covers the aperture located on the internal pyrolysis chamber, the first pair of edges comes into direct contact with the exterior of the internal pyrolysis chamber, such that the gas outlet is formed between the second pair of edges and the internal pyrolysis chamber, the gas outlet formed provide a passage which allows the egress of gaseous or liquid products from within internal cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber, formed during the pyrolysis of the biomass.
3. The pyrolysis device as in any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the hatch and the gas outlets are located in close proximity to the heat source, such that the egress of gaseous or liquid products generated during pyrolysis are directed toward the heat source.
4. The pyrolysis device as in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the internal pyrolysis chamber is rotatable.
5. A method of production of pyrolyzed material using the pyrolysis device as in claim 4 comprising the steps of: rotating the internal pyrolysis chamber into a load position such that the hatch is in close proximity to the lid of the outer enclosure, wherein this position material can be loaded into the internal cavity of the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber; orientating the hatch of the internal pyrolysis chamber into the closed position and rotating the internal pyrolysis chamber into an operating position such that the hatch is in close proximity to the heat source; heating the internal pyrolysis chamber and the material located within the interior cavity of the internal pyrolysis chamber; rotating the internal pyrolysis chamber into a discharge position on completion of pyrolysis process so as to allow access to the pyrolyzed material therein. 19
AU2010101395A 2009-12-10 2010-12-10 A pyrolysis device Ceased AU2010101395A4 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109554183A (en) * 2017-09-26 2019-04-02 容县科学实验研究所 A kind of animal husbandry waste charing process equipment

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109554183A (en) * 2017-09-26 2019-04-02 容县科学实验研究所 A kind of animal husbandry waste charing process equipment

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