AU2009206165B2 - Game result graphical verification on remote clients - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods an apparatus are described for verifying a game of chance is displayed correctly on a remote client. The verification may include storing game history information associated with a game of chance presented at a remote client. The server 5 can provide a game outcome associated with the game of chance, and the game outcome can be presented visually on the remote client. A sample game outcome can be generated on a remote client and a user may be asked one or more questions about the sample game outcome to verify that the sample game outcome is correctly displayed on the remote client. In addition, the remote client can then generate a hash of the 1 10 game outcome and send the hash to the server. The server can store the client generated hash and game history. If a dispute arises, this client-generated hash can be compared to a server-generated hash. A comparison of these hashes can be used to verify that the correct outcome was displayed on the remote client. r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - rC o0 2 ml Qj . L ------ -- -- --- -- -- --- -- --

Description

AUSTRALIA Patents Act COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (ORIGINAL) Class Int. Class Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority Related Art: Name of Applicant: IGT Actual Inventor(s): William R. Brosnan, Jamal Benbrahim, Steven G. LeMay Address for Service and Correspondence: PHILLIPS ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys 367 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 AUSTRALIA Invention Title: GAME RESULT GRAPHICAL VERIFICATION ON REMOTE CLIENTS Our Ref: 861273 POF Code: 471683/458627 The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to applicant(s): -1 - GAME RESULT GRAPHICAL VERIFICATION ON REMOTE CLIENTS This application claims priority from US Application No 12/187,006 filed on 6 August 2008, the contents of which are to be taken as incorporated herein by this reference. 5 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION I. Field of the invention The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for preserving and verifying game history on wagering-type gaming machines. More particularly, the present invention relates to storing game history information and verifying game 10 outcomes graphically presented on remote gaming machines. II. Background Gaming machines such as mechanical reel slot machines, video slot machines, video poker machines, and the like, have typically been located on the property of gaming establishments such as casinos, etc. By locating these gaming machines on the 15 premises and continuing to monitor and control these machines, gaming establishments can effectively maintain game histories for games played on these games and resolve disputes regarding gaming outcomes by investigating the gaming machines on the premises. An important feature of these on-site gaming machines is the ability to store and 20 re-display historical game play information. The game history information assists in settling disputes concerning the results of game play. A dispute may occur, for instance, when a player believes an award for a game outcome was not properly credited to him by the gaming machine. The dispute may arise for a number of reasons including a malfunction of the gaming machine, a power outage causing the gaming 25 machine to reinitialize itself and a misinterpretation of the game outcome by the player. In the case of a dispute, an attendant typically arrives at the gaming machine and places the gaming machine in a game history mode. In the game history mode, important game history information about the game in dispute can be retrieved from a non-volatile 2 WAithy\Speci\861273 sid pit storage on the gaming machine and displayed in some manner to a display on the gaming machine. The game history information is used to reconcile the dispute. On video gaming machines such as video poker games or video slot games, the machines are typically operable to provide a visual display of the game history. It is 5 possible to provide a text only version of a game outcome that has been displayed on the gaming machine. However, the visual display of the game history is usually more convincing to a player. Further, it can help the game player disputing the results on the gaming machine to recall the actual results. Both of these factors can lead to a faster and more satisfying resolution of the dispute. 10 Usually, only a subset of the game history is played back instead of the entire game. For example, for a video poker game, the visual display of information might include a graphical presentation of the initial cards dealt to the player, a graphical presentation of the cards drawn and a graphical presentation of the final hand. After the attendant and player visually review these results, the dispute may be settled. 15 The recall of the graphical presentation for game history playback has traditionally been achieved by retrieving critical game data from the non-volatile memory on the gaming machine and recreating an approximation of the graphical game presentation using a subset of the game code. The subset of the game code is derived from the game code used to generate the actual game of chance. For each game played 20 on the gaming machine, critical game data stored in non-volatile storage may include the number of credits on the gaming machine when the game was initiated, the wager amount on the game, the paytable used to calculate the game outcome, the game outcome, image positioning information and any other information needed to recreate the visual game history. Often because of storage limitations of the non-volatile 25 memory, a graphical presentation corresponding to the actual game play cannot be identically recreated and only a few specially selected visual portions of the game presentation are regenerated. Although gaming machines have typically been located on the property of gaming establishments such as casinos, etc., gaming on network gaming environments 30 such as the Internet has also seen a dramatic increase in recent years. This includes 3 W AK2L hSptC361273 td pai gaming in which wagering on the outcomes of games of chance is facilitated. The need for outcome verification and validation in this setting is at least as great as for conventional gaming environments. 5 In view of the above, it would be desirable to provide method and apparatus that allow outcome verification and validation in a network gaming environment, such as the Internet. A reference herein to a patent document or other matter which is given as prior art is not to be taken as an admission or a suggestion that that document or matter was 10 known or that the information it contains was part of the common general knowledge as at the priority date of any of the claims. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Aspects of the present invention address the above need by providing methods, code and apparatus for verifying that a game of chance is correctly presented on a remote 15 client. According to various embodiments, information associated with the verification may be stored as game history information maintained at a gaming establishment providing the game of chance. When a game outcome is presented at the remote client, the remote client may generate a hash of the visual component of the game outcome and then send this hash to the gaming establishment. In the event of a dispute, the gaming 20 establishment can compare the client-generated hash to a hash produced at the gaming establishment from the stored game history. With the results of this comparison, a gaming establishment can confirm that a visual presentation of the game outcome was generated correctly when the hashes match and pursue further investigation if the hashes do not match. In another embodiment, a sample game outcome may be generated on a 25 remote client and a user may be asked one or more questions about the sample game outcome to verify that the sample game outcome is correctly displayed on the remote client. In this manner, gaming establishments can offer games to remote clients and verify the outcomes of these games if a dispute occurs, even when the remote client is outside the immediate control of the gaming establishment. 30 One aspect provides a method for of generating a game of chance on an apparatus. The method may be generally characterized as comprising: 1) receiving from 4 a remote client a selection of the game of chance to be generated on the remote client; 2) generating instructions for a test image including a representative outcome of the selected game of chance for output on a display associated with the remote client; 3) generating one or more questions relating to information in the test image wherein the 5 one or more questions are for output on the display associated with the remote client; 4) receiving information generated in response to the one or more questions from the remote client wherein said information is associated with one or more activations of an input device at the remote client; 5) determining whether to allow game play to proceed on the remote client based upon the information generated in response to the one or 10 more questions associated with the test image; 6) storing information associated with the test image, the one or more questions and the information received in response to the one or more questions; 7)receiving a wager on a game outcome of the selected game of chance; and 8) providing the game outcome associated with the selected game of chance, wherein the game outcome is presented visually on the remote client. 15 The remote client may be a mobile gaming device. The server and remote client may communicate through the Internet. In addition, the server and remote client communications may utilize a wireless communication connection. The method may further comprise generating 1) a plurality of test images, 2) receiving a selection of a new game of chance for play on the remote client, generating 20 instructions for a new test image including a representative outcome for the new game of chance; and generating one or more questions relating to information displayed in the new test image for output on the display associated with the remote client, 3) receiving a hash of the test image from the remote client; generating on the apparatus the test image; hashing the test image generated on the server; and determining if the client 25 produced hash of the test image matches a server-produced hash of the test screen or 4) combinations thereof. The hash may be taken of a portion of the test image where the portion includes an outline of shapes, a color, a region, or a payline. In yet other embodiments, the method may further comprise, performing periodic diagnostics on the remote client. The performing of the periodic diagnostics on 30 the remote client may include, sending the test image to the remote client; receiving a 5 W:\Kath/Speci61273sd put hash of the test image from the remote client; and determining if the client-produced hash of the test screen matches a server-produced hash of the test image. The method may also comprise receiving a request from the remote client to resolve a dispute regarding the game outcome; receiving a first image generated on the remote client; 5 generating a second image at the server using stored game history information associated with the first image; comparing the first image to the second image to determine whether information displayed in the first image matches information displayed in the second image. Additionally, the method may further comprise 1) receiving a request from the 10 remote client to resolve a dispute regarding the game outcome; receiving a first hash of a first image generated on the remote client; generating a second image at the server using stored game history information associated with the first image; generating a second hash of the second image; comparing the first hash to the second hash to determine whether information displayed in the first image matches information 15 displayed in the second image, 2) establishing communications between the server and remote client; determining the type of hardware used by the remote client; and determining if the hardware is compatible with the game of chance, 3) determining if the hardware is compatible with the game of chance includes determining the screen resolution of the remote client, 4) receiving a file of a test image displayed at the remote 20 client; and storing the file at the server or 5) combinations thereof. Another aspect may be generally characterized as a gaming system comprising: I) a server operable to generate a game outcome for a game of chance, said server designed or configured to 1) receive from a remote client a selection of the game of chance to be generated on the remote client; 2) generate instructions for a test image 25 including a representative outcome of the selected game of chance for output on a display associated with the remote client; 3) generate one or more questions relating to information in the test image wherein the one or more questions are for output on the display associated with the remote client; 4) receive information generated in response to the one or more questions from the remote client wherein said information is 30 associated with one or more activations of an input device at the remote client; 5) determine whether to allow game play to proceed on the remote client based upon the 6 W AKathy\Spei61273std pit information generated in response to the one or more questions associated with the test image; 5) store information associated with the test image, the one or more questions and the information received in response to the one or more questions; 6) receive a wager on the game outcome of the selected game of chance; and 7) provide the game 5 outcome associated with the selected game of chance, wherein the game outcome is presented on the display of the remote client; II) the remote client configured to communicate with the server, said remote client comprising the display and input device; and III) a network configured to allow communication between the server and the remote client. The remote client may be a mobile gaming device. Further, the 10 network may include one or more wireless links. Yet another aspect of the invention pertains to computer program products including machine-readable media on which are stored program instructions for implementing a portion of or an entire method as described above. Any of the methods of this invention may be represented, in whole or in part, as program instructions that 15 can be provided on such computer readable media. In addition, the invention pertains to various combinations of data generated and/or used as described herein. These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the associated figures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 20 Figure 1 is a simplified block diagram of a network environment in which specific embodiments may be implemented. Figure IA is an example of a test image for a specific embodiment. Figure 2 is a flow chart depicting a method for initiating game play on a remote client according to one embodiment. 25 Figure 3 is a flow chart depicting a method for performing diagnostics on a remote client according to one embodiment. Figure 4 is an interaction diagram depicting a process for storing game history information according to one embodiment. 7 W:KathfSpec M61273std pat Figure 5 is an interaction diagram depicting a process for resolving a dispute regarding a game outcome according to one embodiment. Figures 6A-6C is a diagrammatic representation of portions of a visual game outcome that can be hashed according to various embodiments. 5 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION As described above in the Background section, remote gaming, such as Internet or other network-based gaming, is rapidly gaining popularity. However, there is currently no consistent way of verifying the results of a remote game that are visually presented on a remote client. Even if the game history and game results are stored at a 10 server providing the remote game to the remote client and the remote client itself where the remote game is presented to a player, it is difficult for gaming operators to verify the results actually presented to the player. A lack of visual verification capability is a disadvantage in resolving disputes. For instance, players may be tempted to claim false winnings and provide 15 evidence of these false winnings using modified visual records. In particular, players can use photo editing software, and the like, to modify at least a portion of the visual game outcome, such as the number of credits awarded, the number of credits bet, the paylines selected, etc. Furthermore, players can also modify game history information stored on the remote machine to be consistent with the visual records. Consequently, 20 gaming establishments presenting these games of chance on remote machines need a way to verify that the accuracy of results presented on a remote client. Otherwise, gaming establishments can lose time and money when presented with fraudulent claims of winnings. Another difficulty in providing visual verification on a remote client is that the 25 remote may vary in processing power and graphics capabilities. For example, the graphical processing capabilities and screen resolution between a home computer, a personal digital assistant, tablet PC, and a cell phone vary significantly. Yet, each of these devices may be used as a remote client to play games. 8 W:\Kthy\Spec\961273sd pt Further, even within a particular device category, such as a home computer or a cell phone, the devices within the category may vary significantly. For example, a first home computer may employ a first monitor of a first size, set to a first resolution, set to a first aspect ration and include a separate graphics card while a second home computer 5 may use a second monitor of a second size, set to a second resolution, set to a second aspect ration and may have graphics capabilities built into the motherboard that eliminates the need for a separate graphics card. These hardware differences can affect what is stored to a frame buffer prior to display on a monitor and hence visua-l verification of any images displayed to the monitor. 10 Accordingly, various embodiments of the present invention provide a system for storing game history information for a game of chance presented on a remote client and methods for verifying that these results have been displayed correctly. In particular, a gaming establishment, such as a brick and mortar casino, or an Internet based gaming establishment, or the like, can present games of chance that are displayed on remote 15 clients and store game history information for these games at the gaming establishment. The game history information may include information regarding what was actually displayed on the remote client, such as a hash of an image stored in a frame buffer of the remote client. According to various embodiments, prior to allowing a game of chance to be 20 played on a remote client, a server and the remote client may go through an initiation process where the hardware/software display capabilities of the remote client are determined and visual images generated by the remote client are verified. After this initialization process, when a game outcome is presented at a remote client, the remote client can provide a hash of the game outcome including information regarding the 25 visual display of the game outcome at the remote client and this hash can be stored at the gaming establishment. Further, in a particular embodiment, the remote client may be operable to send a screen capture of an image displayed on the remote client to a device at the gaming establishment. If a dispute about the game outcome later arises, the gaming establishment can use the game history information to regenerate the game 30 outcome and independently provide a hash of this regenerated game outcome as well as in some instances recall an actual screen shot. If the client-generated and gaming 9 W:\Kathy\Speci61273std pAt establishment-generated hashes match, then the game outcome can be confirmed and no dispute exists. Otherwise, if the hashes fail to match, additional investigation into the discrepancy can be pursued. By comparing the client-generated and gaming establishment-generated hashes, 5 gaming establishments can more efficiently verify game outcomes for gaming devices operated in a remote gaming environment. These hashes can be transmitted and stored at the gaming establishment without requiring large amounts of bandwidth or storage space. Furthermore, disputes can typically be resolved at the gaming establishment, without the need to inspect the remote machine. Accordingly, gaming establishments 10 may be able to resolve disputes more quickly for games of chance presented in a remote gaming environment. Turning to Fig. 1, shown is a simplified block diagram of a network environment in which a specific embodiment of the present invention may be implemented. In particular, gaming establishment 100 can provide games of chance, 15 such as video slot games, video poker games, video keno games, video card game, video lottery, video bingo games and the like, to remote client 112. Although only one remote client 112 is shown, gaming establishment 100 can provide games of chance to any number of remote clients. In particular embodiments, the remote client 112 may be one of a cell phone, a home computer, a PC tablet, a laptop a player tracking unit, a 20 casino-type gaming machine, a home entertainment device, such as a Microsoft Xbox 360TM , any other type of portable or non-portable device capable of remote communication with the server 102 and operable to display a game of chance. In one embodiment, gaming establishment 100 includes server 102, data repository 104, display 106, and printer 108. Server 102 can present games of chance 25 to remote client 112 through an Internet connection 110, network connection or other network infrastructure. Game history information for such games of chance can be stored in data repository 104 or some other storage device coupled to the server 102. In some embodiments, data repository 104 can be integrated with server 102. Display 106 can be used to show a game outcome generated from game history information, 30 especially when a game outcome is disputed. In particular embodiments, a secondary 10 W \Kathy\Speci\61273std pat game, such as a bonus game, may be associated with or triggered from a primary game. Thus, the "game history" may be stored for the bonus game on the remote client 112, the server 102 or combinations thereof. In general, information pertaining to any image or sequence of related images 5 displayed on the remote client 112 may be stored as an "image history." For example, a player may use the remote client 112 to play games by a pool associated with the gaming establishment 100. The remote client 112 may be operable to allow the player to order food and drinks, make reservations, purchase goods, and obtain other casino services. An image history, such as a record of a food/drink order or a dinner 10 reservation, may be stored for each of the services ordered using the remote client 112. This image history, may comprise but is not limited to a textual description of the information displayed in the image, information that allows one or more images in a sequence of images associated with the image history to be re-rendered, a stored version of the previously rendered and displayed image and combinations thereof. The image 15 history may be used to resolve disputes. For instance, the image history could be used to resolve a dispute regarding a purchase made using the remote client 112. Other types of information that may be stored with an image history may include but is not limited to 1) information describing the remote client, such as hardware identifiers and software identifiers, 2) date and time stamps and 3) 20 information input at the remote client, such as a game choices or biometric information input at the remote client. For example, a player may have a finger print read prior to or during play of games or the player may have a picture taken prior to or during play of games on the remote client. This information may be included in the image history information. In another embodiment, links to information may be included in the image 25 history information. For example, if a player were playing a mobile gaming device by a pool and the pool included surveillance cameras, then the image history information could include links to images files taken by the surveillance cameras in the event of a dispute. Returning to FIG. 1, the server 102 may generate an image history for a game 30 played on the remote client 112, i.e., a game history. One aspect of the present W:KathASp ih61273Pd pat invention is to verify that images generated on the remote client 112 are accurate representations of an intended game outcome. The intended outcomes may be displayed on remote clients using various graphical rendering and display capabilities. To allow the accuracy of images displayed on remote client to be verified, the 5 server 102 may perform a number of operations prior to the beginning of game play on the remote client. In one embodiment, prior to the beginning of game play on the remote client, the server 102 may attempt to simulate an image generated on the remote client based on the remote clients software and hardware configuration and compare it with the results of an actual image generated on the remote client 112. For instance, 10 after determining the remote clients hardware and software settings, the server 102 may request the remote client to generate a test image and send a copy of the test image and/or a hash value of the test image to the server. The server 102 may then generated a simulated image of what it believes the remote client 112 is supposed to generate as well as a hash value for the simulated image. 15 After receiving test image from the remote client and generating the simulate image, the server may directly compare the two images. For instance, if the test image and the simulated image are in a color or monochrome bit map format, then the server may compare bit values for matching pixels in the images. If the all pixel data match or a percentage of the pixel data matches above, a specified threshold percentage, or a 20 hash value generated from the test image and the simulated image match, then the server may conclude that it can reproduce the image data generated on the remote client. The image reproduction capability of the server may be used to verify that the remote client is faithfully reproducing game outcomes. In another embodiment, the server 102 may be operable to generate a test image 25 and send it to the client 112 or generate instructions that allow the test image to be generated on the remote client. After the test image is displayed on the remote client the server may prompt the player to answer one or more questions about the test image that allow the server 102 to determine various aspects of the test image are visible to the player. 12 W:\Kath/Spci8612735td pit For example, a test image 150 is shown with respect to FIG. IA that may be generated on the remote client. In one embodiment, the test image may be a sample outcome for a game selected by the player for play, which may be randomly generated. The sample outcome may be representative of outcomes that may be generated when 5 the selected game is played. The sample image may include a message, such as 158, to indicate that the image is a test image and is not a valid outcome. In one embodiment, the representative outcome that is selected by the server 102 may be only an outcome that doesn't indicate an award. Only a non-award outcome may be associated with the test image 152 to prevent a situation where the test image indicates a big award, which 10 may be potentially upset the player if they don't realize it is only a test image. After the image 150 is generated on a display associated with client 112, one or more questions may be asked about the test image, such as question 156, may be displayed on the test image and the player may be prompted for a response. For instance, if the display associated with the device is a touch screen the player may be 15 asked a question 156, such as "if a star 152 is visible in the left corner press it." In another example, the player may be asked to press the bet max button if 5 credits are visible on the credit meter. As another example, the player may be asked the question if the center payline 156, the star 152 and the circle 154 are clearly visible please provide an indication by activating a feature of an input device. The star 152 may flash or may 20 be highlighted in some manner to quickly the player's attention to it on the test image. The input device could be a key board, button panel, touch screen, mouse or other input device associated with the remote client 112 and the feature to be activated refers to an appropriate input associated with the input device. For instance, for a mouse, the activated feature may be clicking on a particular location on the test image. 25 For a keyboard, the activated feature may be type the word "star" if the star 152 is visible. The questions may differ each time a test image is generated because the test image may be a randomly generated outcome. In one embodiment, multiple test images may be utilized where questions may be asked about each image. In one embodiment, 30 each time a player selects a different game to play, a new test image may be generated 13 W \ h/Spec\61273std pa and the player may be prompted to answer questions about the test image 152. In another embodiment, the test image 152 and associated questions may be generated only at the beginning of a game play session. In yet another embodiment, game play may not be allowed to proceed until one or more questions are correctly answered about 5 a test image. In yet other embodiments, the questions about a test image may be selected such that a confirmation of the visibility of information in various regions of the test image are obtained. For example, the test image may be divided into a number of portions, such as 4, 8, 10, etc, and questions pertaining to the visibility of information in each of 10 the portions or less than all of the portions may be generated. The test image or images, the asked questions and the received responses may be saved as a game history record associated with the game playing session associated with the remote client 112. The game history record may be retrievable in the event of a dispute. Returning to FIG. 1, when a game outcome is disputed by a player at remote 15 client 112, the game outcome can be regenerated at gaming establishment 100 and displayed at display 106 and/or remote client 112. In some cases, a game operator can then arbitrate the dispute based on the game outcome displayed. In addition, printer 108 can be used to print out regenerated game outcomes in the event of a dispute. In one embodiment, the remote client 112 may store a record of a game history 20 separate from the game history stored at the server 102. In other embodiments, the remote client may not be operable to store any game history information. When the remote client 112 is operable to store game history information, the remote client may store game history information for a number of games previously played on the remote client. The game history information may comprise but is not limited to a) basic 25 descriptive information in textual format, such as an amount of credits, whether the game was provide an award or not, b) information that allows an image of the game outcome for a previously played game to be re-rendered and displayed on the remote client (this information could include inputs needed for a particular graphical engine used on the remote client 112), c) a stored version of a previously rendered image, d) 14 W:\Kathfpei%61273sd pt inputs received from the remote client during game play, such as game decisions, wager amounts, etc, and e) combinations thereof. The game history information stored on the remote client 112 and/or the server 102 may be directly accessible to the player. In one embodiment, when the player has 5 access to the game history information, the player may be able to access, via an interface on the remote client 112, information regarding previously played games. The game history information accessed via the interface may be stored on the remote client 112 or at the server 102. For example, the player may be able to sequentially browse through their game history or select the game history for a particular game to view. This 10 feature may allow the player to resolve a discrepancy prior to contacting a remote operator. In a particular embodiment, when game history information is stored on the remote client 112 and the server 102, an interface may be provided on the remote client that allows the player to compare game history information for a particular game stored 15 on each of the devices. For instance, the remote client may be operable to display a first stored image from a game outcome previously played and stored on the remote client and a second image from the game outcome previously played on the remote client that was rendered using game history information stored on the server. If the display is large enough on the remote client, the player may be able to look at game history information 20 from both sources in a side-by-side manner, such viewing the first image and the second image in a side by side manner. If the display is too small, then the information could be viewed sequentially, such as by displaying the first image and then followed by the second image in the example described above. The game history information accessible to the player may be a sub-set of the 25 information that is accessible to an operator. For instance, the player may be able to view images of previously played games but may not be able to access the raw data used to generate the images. This raw data used to generate the images, which may be stored as game history information, may be accessible only to an operator of the server 102. 15 W:\Xathy\Spcc561273td pat In other embodiments of the present invention, game history information may be only provided to the player on the remote client in conjunction with a remote of operator of the server 102. For example, in the event of a dispute, the player may contact an operator at gaming establishment 100 in some manner, e.g., e-mail, text 5 message, phone call, etc. At the player's request, the operator may access the game history information and provide it to the player in some manner. In particular embodiments, the operator may be to control/command the remote client to access functions on the remote client that are only available to the operator. These control/command functions may allow the operator to perform diagnostics on the 10 remote client to determine if it is operating correctly and to display game history information that is stored on the remote client and/or the server 102. In other embodiments, for instance, when the remote client is malfunctioning, the operator may be able to transmit game history information to the player via other communication channels. For example, the operator could mail, fax or e-mail game history information 15 to an address the player has identified or just orally communicate the game history information to the player. Returning to the embodiment of FIG. 1, gaming establishment 100 can be a casino, a central location for wide area progressive games, and the like. As noted above, the remote client 112 can be a device that is outside the control of gaming 20 establishment 100. For instance, remote client 112 can be a personal computer, handheld device, cell phone, set top box, wireless device, or the like, that is not typically located on the game establishment's property. In contrast to gaming machines located in a casino or hotel room associated with the gaming establishment 100, remote client 112 is not monitored or secured by the gaming establishment 100. Instead, the 25 remote client can be located at a player's home, at a private business, or the like. Even if remote client 112 is physically located on the property of the gaming establishment 100, the remote client 112 may not be closely monitored by gaming establishment 100 as a gaming device located on a casino floor. In the present embodiment, the gaming establishment 100 communicates with 30 remote client 112 through a network such as the Internet, or the like. The network may 16 W:\KathfSpei'3612735td pi include wireless or wired links and access points. Although a particular network configuration is shown, it should be recognized that various configurations of devices can be included within the scope of the present invention. In particular, various devices can be added, omitted or combined according to various embodiments. For instance, 5 printer 108 can be omitted in some embodiments, and additional servers can be added in other embodiments. Further, as noted above, the data repository 104 and the server 102 functions may be combined into a single device. With reference to Fig. 2, shown is a flow chart depicting a method for initiating game play on a remote client according to one embodiment. The initiation sequence 10 200 begins at 202 where prior to presenting a game of chance to a remote client 112, the server 102 and remote client 112 establish communications with each other. Next, at 204, the type of hardware used by the remote client can be determined. More particularly, information such as the type of CPU, system, features, capabilities, and the like, can be determined. In addition, the type and version of game software used by the 15 remote client 112 can be determined. In some embodiments, remote client 112 can be required to use a video card that can make floating point calculations, etc. At 206, it is determined whether the remote client's 112 hardware and/or software is compatible with server 102, gaming establishment 100, and/or the games of chance provided by these entities. If the remote client's 112 hardware is not compatible, then the gaming 20 session can be terminated. See 208. In some embodiments, a message can be provided to the remote client 112 that specifies the type of hardware and/or software needed to play games of chance presented by gaming establishment 100. If the remote client's 112 hardware is compatible, then server 112 can send a test screen to the remote client. See 210. The test screen can include text, graphics, colors, 25 or the like, and can be used to determine whether the remote client 112 can detect the items included in the test screen. The remote client 112 produces a hash of the test screen and sends the hash to server 102. The hash can be made of actual screen data, buffered screen data, or the like. Furthermore, the hash can be in any convenient format such as an MD5 hash, or the like. The MD5 hash can produce a digest of about 16 30 bytes. Additionally, the hash can be of whole or selected portions of the test screen. In 17 W AKathySpcci,61273std pat particular, Figs. 6A-6C include examples of regions of a game presentation screen that can be hashed according to various embodiments of the present invention. With reference to Fig. 6A, game presentation screen 600 includes graphics with various colors 602 and outlines of shapes 604. A hash can be taken of the entire 5 presentation screen 600, of selected colors (e.g. blue, red, black, etc.), outlines, or the like. Furthermore, and some embodiments, this presentation screen 600 can be color reduced and a hash can be taken of the color reduced image. For instance, the game presentation screen 600 can be reduced to black and white and this black and white screen can be hashed. In other embodiments, a selected payline or paylines may be 10 hashed. With reference to Fig. 6B, another example of a game presentation screen 600 is shown. In this embodiment, selected regions 606 are chosen for hashing. These regions can be chosen based on the importance of the information included within the regions. For instance, a region of the game presentation screen 600 containing the 15 number of credits awarded can be hashed. Similarly, a region of the game presentation screen 600 containing a payline can be hashed. Other regions can also be selected depending on application. With reference to Fig. 6C, shown is yet another example of the game presentation screen 600. In this embodiment, a customized region 608 can be hashed. 20 This customized region 608 can be irregular in shape, and can be predetermined based on the location of critical game history information. For instance, if the game presentation screen 600 displays a game outcome, and the game outcome screen includes a particular configuration of critical information such as whether a player has won or lost, the amount of any winnings, etc., this particular configuration can be 25 designated as the customized region 608, and this region can be hashed. Figs. 6A-6C depict exemplary embodiments of game presentation screens 600. Hashes of the game presentation screens 600 or portions of the game presentation screens 600 can be used to verify game outcomes when the processing speed of the remote client 112 and server 102 dictates that hashing and storing hashes of such game 30 presentation screens 600 would be more efficient than sending and storing the entire 18 W \Kathy\Sp i61273std pat game presentation screens 600 or a portion of the actual game presentation screens. In some embodiments, where bandwidth allows, portions of the game presentation screens 600 can also be sent to the server 102 along with the client-generated hash. And in yet other embodiments, where bandwidth is even more plentiful, game presentation screens 5 600 can be sent in their entirety with the client generated hash, without simplification of the images, etc. on the game presentation screens 600. Returning to the embodiment of Fig. 2, once the remote client 112 sends the hash to the server 102, the client-generated hash can be compared to a hash of the same test screen generated by the server 102. See 212. The server 102 can either pregenerate 10 the hash and store this hash for comparison, or can generate the hash during the inititation process. If the hashes fail to match, then the gaming session can be terminated at 214. In some embodiments, a message can be provided to the remote client 112 that specifies the type of error encountered. For instance, if the remote client 212 did not hash a particular game presentation screen correctly, a message can be 15 displayed indicating that the remote client's video card may need replacing. If the hashes match, then the remote client can be permitted to proceed to game play at 216. Although the present embodiment describes particular procedures associated with initiating communication between a server 102 and remote client 112, it should be recognized that various processes can be added or omitted according to various 20 embodiments. For instance, the remote client's 112 memory card can also be tested in some embodiments. With reference to Fig. 3, shown is a flow chart depicting a method for performing diagnostics on a remote client according to one embodiment. These diagnostics can be performed periodically to detect whether hardware or other features 25 are performing properly. For instance, after every fifth game, the diagnostics can be performed to determine if the hardware or memory has begun to fail in some manner. In the present embodiment, the diagnostic sequence begins at 302 with server 102 sending a test screen to the remote client 112. See 302. The test screen sent can be similar or identical to the test screen described above with respect to Fig. 2. In 30 particular, the test screen can include text, graphics, colors, or the like, and can be used 19 W;\KathASpcciiE61273std pat to determine whether the remote client 112 can detect the items included in the test screen. The remote client 112 then produces a hash of the test screen and sends the hash to server 102. The hash can be made of actual screen data, buffered screen data, or the like. Furthermore, the hash can be of whole or selected portions of the test screen, 5 as described above with regard to Figs. 6A-6C. Once the remote client 112 sends the hash to the server 102, the client-generated hash can be compared to a hash of the same test screen generated by the server 102. See 306. The server 102 can either pregenerate the hash and store this hash for comparison, or can generate the hash during the initiation process. If the hashes fail to 10 match, then the gaming session can be terminated at 308. In some embodiments, a message can be provided to the remote client 112 that specifies the type of error encountered. For instance, if the remote client 112 did not hash a particular game presentation screen correctly, a message can be displayed indicating that the remote client's video card may need replacing. If the hashes match, then the remote client can 15 be permitted to continue game play at 310. In an alternative embodiment, instead of sending a test screen in order to compare a client-generated hash to a server-generated hash, the remote client 102 can send a hash of a memory location associated with the remote client 112. Upon receipt of the hash, the server 102 can compare the client-generated hash to a server-generated 20 hash of a corresponding portion of the game history stored on the server 102. In some applications, the remote client 112 can periodically send such hashes to the server according to a schedule, table, or the like. In other applications, the remote client 112 can send such hashes when prompted by the server. For instance, the server may request hashes from the remote client after every fifth game. In other examples, the 25 server may request hashes of specified memory locations according to a schedule, table, or the like. If the client-generated and server-generated hashes fail to match, then the gaming session can be terminated. In some embodiments, a message can be provided to the remote client 112 that specifies the type of error encountered. For instance, a 30 message can be displayed indicating that portions of the remote client's memory are 20 W:Kath Spec\61273td pat corrupt. In other embodiments, if the client-generated hash does not match the server generated hash, then a patch can be applied to correct the defect in the remote client's system. After the patch is applied and effective, then game play can proceed. In the present embodiment, if the client-generated and server-generated hashes match, then the 5 remote client can be permitted to continue game play. With reference to Fig. 4, shown is an interaction diagram depicting a process for storing game history information according to one embodiment. Server 400 presents a game of chance to a remote client 402. During such presentation, server 400 stores game history information associated with the game of chance. See 406. As part of 10 presenting the game of chance, the server 400 provides a game outcome. See 404. Both the game of chance and the game outcome are presented visually on the remote client 402. See 408. In some examples, the visual game outcome can be displayed in the form of a screen shot, picture, .jpg, .gif, or the like. In other examples, the visual game outcome can be a video card capture that is rendered with selected software. For 15 a description of frame capture of actual game play, see U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 09/689,498 entitled "FRAME BUFFER CAPTURE OF ACTUAL GAME PLAY," by LeMay et al., and filed on October 11, 2000, now U.S. patent no. 6, 863, 608, and U.S. Patent No. 7, 384, 339, entitled "FRAME BUFFER CAPTURE OF ACTUAL GAME PLAY," by LeMay et al., both applications of which are incorporated by 20 reference in their entirety for all purposes. Next, at 410, the remote client 402 generates a hash of the visual game outcome. As described above with regard to Fig. 2, the hash can be made of actual screen data, buffered screen data, or the like, such as a frame capture, picture, image, etc. The hash can be made in any convenient format such as an MD5 hash, or the like. The MD5 25 hash can produce a digest of about 16 bytes. Furthermore, the hash can be of whole or selected portions of the visual game outcome. As described above, Figs. 6A-6C include examples of regions of a game presentation screen that can be hashed according to various embodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, remote client 402 can store and retrieve pregenerated 30 hashes that are associated with predetermined outcomes, instead of generating hashes 21 W Ath\Spc3861273std pat for each game outcome. For instance, each time fifty credits are awarded for obtaining a row of cherries in a video slot game, a pregenerated hash associated with this outcome can be retrieved. Once the hash is generated or retrieved, the hash can be sent to server 400. See 412. Next, the client-generated hash and game history can be stored at the 5 server. See 414. In an alternative embodiment, instead of sending a hash of a game outcome from the remote client 402 to the server 400, the remote client 402 can buffer the visual game outcome and send this visual game outcome to server 400 if there is sufficient bandwidth and memory to support sending and storing such large files. In some 10 embodiments, this visual game outcome can be sent to server 400 along with a hash of the visual game outcome. Furthermore, in some applications, the visual game outcome can be stored on remote client 402. For instance, the remote client 402 can store the file in a memory, etc. The remote client 402 can also store a copy of the client generated hash in various embodiments. 15 With reference to Fig. 5, shown is an interaction diagram depicting a process for resolving a dispute regarding a game outcome according to one embodiment. At 502, remote client 402 makes a request to resolve a dispute regarding a game outcome. This request can be made from a menu displayed on the remote client. For instance, a player can select an option to request dispute resolution and specify the type of dispute. In one 20 example, the type of dispute may relate to a game outcome, such as whether a winning configuration was provided. In another example, the type of dispute may relate to the type of award provided, such as credits, an in-kind prize, or the like. At 504, once server 400 receives this request, then server 400 generates a visual game result using the stored game history information described above with regard to 25 item 406 in Fig. 4. This visual game outcome can be generated at the server 400 by loading the same or similar version of the game used by the remote client 402 onto a machine having the same or similar features and capabilities as the remote client 402, as determined during the initiation process described in Fig. 2 at 204. The game history information stored by server 400 can then be used on the machine to regenerate the 30 visual game outcome. 22 W:\Kahy\SpccM612 7 3t pat Once the visual game outcome is generated, then at 506, server 400 can generate a hash of the regenerated visual game outcome. This server-generated hash is then compared to the client-generated hash that was stored with the game history information on the server 400. See 508. If the client-generated hash matches the 5 server-generated hash, then there is no dispute and the game outcome is confirmed. In this case, confirmation of this game outcome can be sent as notification to remote client 402. See 510. Furthermore, in some applications, the confirmed game outcome can be displayed at the remote client 402. This confirmed game outcome can be a picture, image, or the like, generated by the server 400. In addition, the confirmed game 10 outcome can be stored with the game history information at server 400, in the form of a picture, image, notation, message, or the like. If the client-generated hash does not match the server-generated hash, then there is a dispute. At 510, a notification can be sent to the remote client 402 indicating that a dispute exists. Depending on the application, various options may be presented when a 15 dispute exists. For instance, the remote client 402 can be provided with an option to forfeit the game outcome if the server-generated hash does not match the client generated hash. If the remote client chooses to forfeit the game outcome at 512, then the dispute can be resolved. In another example, the remote client 402 can be provided with an option to continue game play while the dispute is resolved. In yet another 20 example, the remote client 402 can be provided with an option to discontinue game play at least until the dispute is resolved. If a dispute is found and the player at the remote client 402 wishes to pursue resolution of the dispute, then an operator associated with the gaming establishment can be notified. This notification can include a request that the operator arbitrate the dispute. The operator can then respond to the complaint 25 and arbitrate the dispute. See 514. This arbitration may involve human intervention and evaluation of the game history information and the visual game outcomes displayed (such as at display 106 in Fig. 1). It may also include follow-up contact with the player at the remote client 402. In certain circumstances, evaluation of the remote client 402 by the operator may be appropriate as well. Additional follow-up procedures can also 30 be included during resolution of the dispute, and any of the above options can be combined according to various applications. 23 W:\Kahy\Spec861273std pa In some embodiments, when a dispute arises, the server-generated visual game result can be displayed at the remote client. The player at the remote client 402 can then accept or reject this game outcome as generated by the server 400. If the player accepts the game outcome, then the dispute can be resolved. If the player does not 5 accept the game outcome, then the dispute can be pursued as described above. In other embodiments, the server-generated visual game result can be displayed to the player so that the player is aware of the nature of the dispute, and may require no input or interaction by the player. For instance, the discrepancy in the visual game outcomes may appear only in the number of credits: the client-generated visual game outcome 10 may show 10 credits, whereas the server-generated visual game outcome may show 100 credits. In an alternative embodiment, instead of generating a hash at 506 and comparing a server-generated hash with a stored client-generated hash at 508, the visual game result generated at the server at 504 can be compared to a client-generated visual 15 game outcome stored at the server. In particular, as described above with regard to Fig. 4, client-generated visual game outcomes can be stored at the server 400 with game history information if bandwidth and other system parameters permit. In such cases, the visual game outcomes can be compared in place of or in addition to comparing hashes of the visual game outcomes. 20 Although various embodiments of the present invention are described with a remote client located in a different physical location from where the gaming establishment or server is located, it should be recognized that the remote client can be any device that is outside the control and monitoring of the gaming establishment. As such, outcomes on gaming machines, such as a video slot machine, video poker 25 machine, or the like, whether located at the gaming establishment or remotely, can be verified using various embodiments of the present invention, especially when such gaming machines are outside the control and monitoring of the gaming establishment. Conclusion 24 W:\KahySpeci%61273std pAt Although the above generally describes the present invention according to specific exemplary processes and apparatus, various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and/or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms shown in the 5 appended figures and described above. Throughout the description and claims of this specification, the word "comprise" and variations of the word, such as "comprising" and "comprises", is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps. The discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles and the like is 10 included in this specification solely for the purpose of providing a context for the present invention. It is not suggested or represented that any or all of these matters formed part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the present invention as it existed before the priority date of each claim of this application. 25

Claims (19)

1. A method of generating a game of chance on an apparatus, comprising: receiving from a remote client a selection of the game of chance to be generated 5 on the remote client; generating instructions for a test image including a representative outcome of the selected game of chance for output on a display associated with the remote client; generating one or more questions relating to information in the test image wherein the one or more questions are for output on the display associated with the 10 remote client; receiving information generated in response to the one or more questions from the remote client wherein said information is associated with one or more activations of an input device at the remote client; determining whether to allow game play to proceed on the remote client based 15 upon the information generated in response to the one or more questions associated with the test image; storing information associated with the test image, the one or more questions and the information received in response to the one or more questions; receiving a wager on a game outcome of the selected game of chance; and 20 providing the game outcome associated with the selected game of chance wherein the game outcome is presented on the display on the remote client.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein further comprising generating a plurality of test images. 25

3. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: receiving a selection of a new game of chance for play on the remote client, generating instructions for a new test image including a representative outcome for the new game of chance; and generating one or more questions relating to information displayed in the new 30 test image for output on the display associated with the remote client. 26

4. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the remote client is a mobile gaming device.

5. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: 5 receiving a hash of the test image from the remote client; generating on the apparatus the test image; hashing the test image generated on the server; and determining if the client-produced hash of the test image matches a server produced hash of the test screen. 10

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the hash is taken of a portion of the test image.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the portion includes an outline of shapes, a color, a region, or a payline. 15

8. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising performing periodic diagnostics on the remote client.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein performing periodic diagnostics on the remote 20 client includes: sending the test image to the remote client; receiving a hash of the test image from the remote client; and determining if the client-produced hash of the test screen matches a server produced hash of the test image. 25

10. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: receiving a request from the remote client to resolve a dispute regarding the game outcome; receiving a first image generated on the remote client; 30 generating a second image at the server using stored game history information associated with the first image; comparing the first image to the second image to determine whether information displayed in the first image matches information displayed in the second image. 27

11. The method of any one of claims 1 to claim 9, further comprising: receiving a request from the remote client to resolve a dispute regarding the game outcome; 5 receiving a first hash of a first image generated on the remote client; generating a second image at the server using stored game history information associated with the first image; generating a second hash of the second image; comparing the first hash to the second hash to determine whether information 10 displayed in the first image matches information displayed in the second image.

12. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: establishing communications between the server and remote client; determining the type of hardware used by the remote client; and 15 determining if the hardware is compatible with the game of chance.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining if the hardware is compatible with the game of chance includes determining the screen resolution of the remote client. 20

14. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the server and remote client communicate through the Internet.

15. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the sewer and remote client communications utilize a wireless communication connection. 25

16. The method of any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: receiving a file of a test image displayed at the remote client; and storing the file at the sewer. 30

17. A gaming system comprising: a server operable to generate a game outcome for a game of chance, said server designed or configured to 1) receive from a remote client a selection of the game of chance to be generated on the remote client; 2) generate instructions for a test image 28 including a representative outcome of the selected game of chance for output on a display associated with the remote client; 3) generate one or more questions relating to information in the test image wherein the one or more questions are for output on the display associated with the remote client; 4) receive information generated in response to 5 the one or more questions from the remote client wherein said information is associated with one or more activations of an input device at the remote client; 5) determine whether to allow game play to proceed on the remote client based upon the information generated in response to the one or more questions associated with the test image; 5) store information associated with the test image, the one or more questions and the 10 information received in response to the one or more questions; 6) receive a wager on the game outcome of the selected game of chance; and 7) provide the game outcome associated with the selected game of chance, wherein the game outcome is presented on the display of the remote client; the remote client configured to communicate with the server, said remote client 15 comprising the display and input device; and a network configured to allow communication between the server and the remote client.

18. The gaming system of claim 17, wherein the remote client is a mobile gaming 20 device.

19. The gaming system of any one claim 17 to claim 18, the network includes one or more wireless links. 25 29