AU2009101101A4 - Lighting Assembly - Google Patents

Description

PI/00/002 Regulation 3.2B AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 ORIGINAL COMPLETE SPECIFICATION INNOVATION PATENT Invention Title: Lighting Assembly The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to the applicant: 2 Lighting Assembly FIELD OF INVENTION The present invention relates to the field of lighting, particularly lighting assemblies and fixtures of the type known as 'exterior luminaire'. 5 In one particular aspect the present invention relates to a light assembly, that is, an electrical device used to create artificial illumination. In one particular aspect the present invention is suitable for use as outdoor lighting of the type found in public areas such as parks and gardens, sports and leisure areas, and thoroughfares such as roads, streets and tunnels. 10 It will be convenient to hereinafter describe the invention in relation to street lighting, however it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to that use only as it may also be used for other purposes such as the illumination of playing fields or stadiums for sporting events, flood lighting at industrial sites for security, and provision of lighting for 24 hour work sites such as 15 ports and construction zones. Where used herein the term 'light assembly' includes luminaire within its scope. A luminaire is a term of the art that includes a lighting assembly comprising a light source (lamp), a reflector for directing the light, an aperture covered by a lens, an outer casing for lamp alignment and protection, an 20 electrical ballast and connection to a power source. BACKGROUND ART Throughout this specification the use of the word "inventor" in singular form may be taken as reference to one (singular) inventor or more than one (plural) inventor of the present invention. 25 It is to be appreciated that any discussion of documents, devices, acts or knowledge in this specification is included to explain the context of the present invention. Further, the discussion throughout this specification comes about due to the realisation of the inventor and/or the identification of certain related art problems by the inventor. Moreover, any discussion of material such as 30 documents, devices, acts or knowledge in this specification is included to explain the context of the invention in terms of the inventor's knowledge and experience and, accordingly, any such discussion should not be taken as an admission that any of the material forms part of the prior art base or the common general 3 knowledge in the relevant art in Australia, or elsewhere, on or before the priority date of the disclosure and claims herein. The use of electric street lighting dates back to the late 19 th century, when carbon arc lamps employing alternating current were used to ensure the 5 electrodes bumed down at the same rate. However due to their intense, harsh light and need for constant maintenance to replace burnt out carbon electrodes, by the start of the 2 0 th century they had been replaced by incandescent light bulbs. Incandescent bulbs remained in use until replaced by high-intensity discharge lamps, often operated in high-voltage series circuits. Before the 10 invention of photoelectric controls, a single switch or clock would be used to regulate the turning on and off of all the light in an entire district. Street lighting today typically uses high intensity discharge lamps or high pressure sodium lamps. The use of compact fluorescent lamps is also becoming common as their quality improves. 15 Street lights are located at the top of poles in order to maximise the amount of light they cast onto the thoroughfare below. Since the 19 th century street lighting has progressed from the use of straight, vertical poles of 3 to 4 metres in height to include much taller structures up to 10 metres in height, often curved at the top or including a bracket to locate the light closer to the centre of a 20 thoroughfare. Many of these types of street lights are produced including those sold under the registered Australian trade mark Greenstreet@ by Pierlite Pty Ltd and the street light described in Pierlite's Australian patent application AU 2004 205200. In lighting assemblies such as the Greenstreet@ apparatus there is often multiple parts for entry to internal portions of the lens/visor, the component area 25 may not be locked and could vibrate loose. Also the fixture may not be attached with lanyard. These issues may contribute to warranting increased ongoing maintenance. With the additional part(s) included by having a separate cover arrangement, there is an opportunity for the apparatus to be loose, moving and a potential for falling parts, which can be a serious OHS issue. These 30 arrangements allow a point of entry for vermin, spiders (webs), insects/pests to enter the light and allows weather/pollution exposure and effects (e.g. salt in coastal areas). Risk introduced because of the above include that of fire, electrocution and general OHS hazards.

4 Service and maintenance of street lighting incurs significant cost for the organisation responsible, such as councils or power companies, who may have to ensure that linesman tend to many thousands of street lights over a large area. For example, visual inspections of lighting assemblies may be carried out at 24 5 month intervals or more frequently if environmental conditions are severe and they are typically automatically replaced when they have achieved their rated life because their output gradually deteriorates over time. The elevated position of each light contributes to the time, cost and difficulties associated with servicing and maintaining the lighting system. In order 10 to save time and avoid interruption to service, street light systems are not usually turned off during maintenance or servicing and the lighting system is left 'live' while the linesmen are at work. Typically they manually handle cables operating at 196-254V AC or 176-254V DC. Accordingly, in addition to routine occupational safety and health hazards for an electrician, linesmen must also face the hazards 15 of working at elevated heights with live electricity cables. One of the problems with street lights of the prior art is that they are not sufficiently robust to withstand exposure to the external environment (including adverse weather conditions, pollution, sunlight, ingress of insect and other pests and/or their nests/webs etc) or the internal environment created by normal use 20 (such as build up of heat leading to shortened life of components). This leads to parts becoming brittle, corroded or otherwise worn out so that they cease working. This increases the need for servicing and maintenance. Another problem with street lights of the prior art is that they are time consuming to maintain. Because the street lights are serviced 'live', linesmen 25 must wear several thick protective gloves which limit their manual dexterity, making even simple manipulations quite difficult and time consuming. This problem can be made worse if the linesman has to replace components of the street light that break easily because they are brittle or corroded. Another factor that makes street lights time consuming to maintain is the comparatively small 30 size of the components and their housing. Because linesman must work at elevated heights, a component that is dropped may plummet many metres to the ground, potentially injuring those below or causing lost time when the linesman goes to retrieve the part.

5 A further problem with street lights of the prior art is the malfunctioning of the photoelectric (PE) cell. A PE cell is typically present in each individual street light and controls the activation and deactivation of the street light based on the ambient light level. 'Day burners' (lights that emit 24 hours a day) are often 5 caused when PC cells fail to turn off, shortening the lifespan of the light components and concomitantly increasing maintenance needs. PC cells typically fail to turn off when something blocks them from sensing ambient light. Furthermore, a PC cell may fail to activate if impinged upon by stray light, such as reflected light or illumination from an adjacent street light. 10 SUMMARY OF INVENTION An object of the embodiments of the present invention is to reduce the maintenance and servicing required for lighting assemblies. A further object of the embodiments of the present invention is to improve the ease and speed with which lighting assemblies can be serviced or 15 maintained. It is an object of the embodiments described herein to overcome or alleviate at least one of the above noted drawbacks of related art systems or to at least provide a useful alternative to related art systems. In a first aspect of embodiments described herein there is provided a 20 lighting assembly having a casing comprising a main body defining a port for receiving a mains cable, and a visor, the casing enclosing; - a reflector assembly for receiving at least one lamp, and - a termination chamber, wherein the visor is of unitary construction for covering both the reflector 25 assembly and the termination chamber. Preferably the casing includes at least one integral hinge that permits movement of the visor from a first, closed position to a second, open position permitting full access to the reflector assembly and termination chamber, without the visor disengaging from the main body. This avoids the problem associated 30 with prior art lighting assemblies which have a hinge separate to the casing and a plurality of parts that are prone to coming apart and disengaging from the casing. Further, the integral hinge portion prevents excess freedom of movement of the visor/lens with respect to the casing, which can result in misalignment of the two 6 parts upon closing up of the light assembly at the end of maintenance and/or service. The visor incorporates within its structure a lens for optimising the casting of light from the lamp. One of the advantages of having a unitary visor is ease of 5 replacement if the visor is broken. In a preferred embodiment, the casing comprises a clip that is capable of independently supporting the visor on the body of the casing, that is, without additional support from the hinge. The clip may be adjacent the hinge. If a linesman is replacing the visor, the clip may function to hold the visor in place so that hinge pins can be removed or replaced in the 10 hinge. Preferably a gasket of silicon or neoprene or other suitable material is provided along at least part of the interface between the visor and the main body. In addition the edge of the visor or main body includes a lip to form a hermetic seal against ingress of dirt, insects or moisture. Moisture ingress in fighting 15 assemblies of the prior art contributes to corrosion or shorting out of components, requiring a linesman to open up the lighting assembly to dry it out and replace the damaged components. Build up of insect nests and dirt on the visor tend to reduce the transparency of the lens and diminish the output and effectiveness of the light so that a linesman must open up the assembly and clean the lens with 20 detergent. Preferably the casing includes a locking system including at least one external fastener comprising a first part that pivots on the main body of the casing but does not contact the visor, and a second part in operative connection with the first part, wherein the second part contacts the visor but does not contact the 25 main body. This avoids seizing of the locking system when, for example, the main body of the casing is made of a metal (e.g. marine grade cast aluminium) and the fastener is made of ferrous or other metals, thus creating an electrochemical interaction that causes corrosion and seizing of the fastener. The external fastener may comprise one or a combination of clips, bolts or other 30 fasteners as would be considered suitable by the person skilled in the art. Typically the mains cable feeds through a support, such as the top of a pole or a bracket. Preferably the port is adapted to receive both the mains cable and at least part of the support. In a preferred embodiment large gauge fasteners 7 mount the casing to the support. Large gauge fasteners, such as coach bolts are comparatively easy for the linesman to manipulate and they are secure and unlikely to snap even when force is applied to the light by high winds. The port can be adapted to receive supports currently used for public lighting, such as the 5 common 32 mm OD diameter spigots comprising the mounting arm of many supports currently in use. This provides the opportunity to retro-fit the lighting assembly to existing supports and replace older light fittings that may have high maintenance or high service demands or which may not be adapted to work with 'green' energy efficient lamps. 10 In a preferred embodiment, the port is adapted to receive a grommet. The grommet is optimally configured to prevent ingress of moisture and insects, which may otherwise infest the light, building nests that may cause damage or electrical shorts or other damage to components. Preferably at least some of the fasteners used within the casing are single 15 throw turning lock screws, particularly for attaching the termination chamber to the main body of the casing and/or the reflector assembly to the termination chamber. By 'single throw' it is to be understood that this term means a single easy movement of a person's hand is all that is required to engage or disengage the turning screw. Preferably this single movement includes a rotation of less than 20 3600 of the hand and most preferably less than 1800, in particular, 90* or a "1/4 turn". These fasteners are particularly preferred because they only require 1/4 turn to lock. Further, it is preferred that the turning lock screws have a fixed engagement to the structure of the light assembly that persists upon disengaging or unlocking the screw. Accordingly, these fasteners provide a way of more 25 safely securing the termination chamber or reflector assembly without the fasteners coming adrift and falling from the light assembly by virtue of the fixed engagement to the light assembly structure. By comparison the lights of the prior art typically use standard machine screws and require a number of turns before engaging. The prior art fasteners are therefore time consuming to use, difficult to 30 manipulate, and easy to drop because of their size. As a consequence linesmen need to carry a supply of these fasteners (thus adding to the linesman's inventory and cost of maintenance) or spend unnecessary amounts of time retrieving fasteners that may drop from an elevated height to ground level.

8 In a second aspect of embodiments described herein there is provided a lighting assembly having a casing comprising a main body defining a port for receiving a mains cable, and a polymer visor, the casing enclosing; - a reflector assembly for receiving at least one lamp, and 5 - a termination chamber, the termination chamber being at least 20 25% of the volume of the casing, wherein the visor is of unitary construction and is adapted to cover both the reflector assembly and the termination chamber. In preferred embodiments, the termination chamber is between 23 - 25% 10 of the volume of the casing. Typically the lighting assembly or at least its internal housing structure is made entirely of non-conducting material such as a polymer to reduce the possibility of live surfaces when a linesman performs maintenance on the light fitting or in the event that the mains cabling becomes unfixed. Essentially, this 15 preferred structure provides a double insulating light assembly. Thus, in the provision of live cable into the lighting assembly structure a non-conductive envelope is provided for service and maintenance, particularly when introducing cable to the assembly. In a preferred embodiment, the non-conductive envelope comprises one or a combination of: 20 Entry to the light fixture/assembly; Terminal block; Casing; Control gear; Globe holders; 25 PE Cell receptacle; Earth connector. The increased volume of the termination chamber compared to equivalent structures of the prior art allows easier manual handling of the mains cable and easier manipulation of other parts and components within the casing such as the 30 PE cell and the terminal block, without the use of tools. For example, preferably the light assembly of the present invention is 800-1000 mm in length, 200-220 mm in width and 120-140 mm deep. Preferably, for a light assembly of these 9 dimensions, the termination chamber is 200-220 mm in width, 120-140 mm deep (60-65mm excluding the visor) and 200-300 mm in length. The larger volume of the termination chamber thus permits an improved layout of components. Consistent with this, preferably the port is elongated, 5 between 70-100 mm in length. This provides additional stability for the light fitting when located on the support, and makes it easier for the linesman to thread the live main cable into the light fitting. Also consistent with this, the terminal block is preferably of increased size to make it easier for the linesman to connect the mains cable, which is typically a twin cable and which is relatively inflexible and 10 resistant to bending. The terminals need to be designed to suit the mains cable. For example, in Australia mains cables for public lighting typically comprises large gauge (6 mm 2 ) twin cable. Furthermore, the increase in volume of the termination chamber is preferably also due to increased depth of the casing. This assists in dissipating 15 heat and reducing the operating temperature. In particular it keeps the control gear cooler by locating it further away from the casing surface. Most lighting assemblies have electronic ballast components rated to 500C however it is common for sun exposure to cause the storage and/or radiation of heat in excess of 60CC. Optionally, the addition of a reflective coating to the exterior surface of 20 the main body of the casing may further reduce operating temperature. Preferably the lighting assembly includes an equaliser that acts as a heat valve to dissipate excess heat. The reflector assembly preferably includes a reflector tray adapted to receive a single, double or compact fluoro lamp or more than one lamp without 25 restriction on wattage. Typically the reflector assembly will be substantially planar. This is in contrast to many of the reflector assemblies of the prior art, such as those appearing in the USA in the 1980's which had a cross sectional profile resembling two arched 'eyebrows', which tends to limit the assembly to accommodating only two globes/lamps. 30 In yet a third aspect of embodiments described herein there is provided a lighting assembly having a casing comprising a main body defining a port for receiving a mains cable, and a visor, the casing enclosing; - a reflector assembly for receiving at least one lamp, and 10 - a termination chamber for location of a PE cell, wherein the visor is of unitary construction for covering both the reflector assembly and the termination chamber, and at least the detector portion of the PE cell is entirely enclosed within the casing. 5 Lighting assemblies of the prior art typically comprised PE cells seated in the termination chamber, but projecting through an opening in the casing so that at least part of the PE cell is external to the casing. Over time the opening would typically fill with dirt or insect nests, enshrouding the PE cell to block it from the ambient light and cause it to malfunction. Accordingly, inclusion of the PE cell 10 within the casing such that the detector portion of the PE cell is enclosed so as to avoid any opening or breach in the casing proximate the PE cell avoids these problems. Preferably the components located within the termination chamber as well as the components of the reflector assembly are visible through the visor. For 15 example, this part of the visor may be clear or lightly frosted compared to the remainder of the visor. Similar light fittings of the prior art have included a two part visor - a first part comprising a clear lens for the lamp and a second part comprising an opaque cover for the termination chamber. A preferred embodiment of the present invention allows a linesman to carry out a visual 20 inspection of the components without having to remove any covers. Typically the part of the visor in the vicinity of the PE cell is clear so that the PE cell correctly detects the level of ambient light. Using frosting in other parts of the visor however may provide the advantage of preventing reflected or early ambient light impinging on the PE cell and causing it to prematurely deactivate. In particular, 25 the use of frosting as in this preferred embodiment can avoid "day burners" (lights that are emitting 24 hours per day or at least into periods of the day not requiring artificial lighting). In related art systems, the avoidance of "day burners" was achieved by the addition of or attachment of a shield to the casing to shield the sensor or PE Cell. These shields were not attached to the lens/visor. 30 Moreover, initial prototyping of a preferred embodiment of the present invention identified that by frosting the visor/lens to eliminate ambient light entry; light was also being reduced to the sensor/PE Cell. This was solved by a preferable arrangement whereby a non-frosted region of visor/lens/casing 11 enables sensor/PE Cell to receive the correct lighting entering the apparatus. This has shown that this embodiment provides a saving in maintenance costs hence a saving in the likelihood of 'day burners'. Lighting assembly and apparatus in accordance with embodiments as 5 described herein are suitable for use with existing public lighting assemblies and can be used by (but not limited to) power authorities, councils, sport and leisure areas, parks and gardens, ports authorities and developers. In a preferred embodiment, there is provided a light assembly adapted to accommodate two 14W environmentally friendly lamps which are the equivalent of an 80W mercury 10 vapour lamp, which may reduce energy use by 66%. In this respect, a preferred form of light assembly is adapted to accommodate eco friendly lamps where the current trend is moving towards 'green' solutions and the replacement of 80 watt mercury vapour lamps which contain approximately 60mg of mercury with 14 watt lamps which contain approximately 3mg of mercury. In accordance with preferred 15 forms of the present invention, there is the potential for retro-fitting into the public lighting scheme on a cost-neutral basis due to a reduction in the Operation, Maintenance'and Replacement (OMR) prices and/or public lighting tariffs. Other aspects and preferred forms are disclosed in the remainder of specification and/or defined in the appended claims, forming a part of the 20 description of the invention. In essence, embodiments of the present invention stem from the realization that improving the construction of the lighting assembly is fundamental to reducing the time and costs associated with service and maintenance. Advantages provided by the lighting assembly of preferred embodiments of 25 the present invention comprise the following: e can be installed as part of a new lighting structure or retrofitted to existing lighting assemblies, structures or supports, e requires less time for installation and routine maintenance, e malfunctions are reduced, 30 0 provides better access to components for repair and replacement, e easier to maintain and service, 12 e lower occupational health and safety risks during installation, servicing and maintenance, e can operate using 'green' lamps adapted to reduce energy consumption. 5 Further scope of applicability of embodiments of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the 10 disclosure herein will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Further disclosure, objects, advantages and aspects of preferred and other embodiments of the present application may be better understood by those 15 skilled in the relevant art by reference to the following description of embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which are given by way of illustration only, and thus are not limitative of the disclosure herein, and in which: Figure 1 is an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of a lighting assembly of the present invention illustrating the major components; 20 Figure 2 is a further exploded view of the lighting assembly of Figure 1 illustrating the components in greater detail; and Figure 3 illustrates the fully assembled lighting assembly of Figure 1 viewed from underneath (Figure 3(a)), in cross section along AA' (Figure 3(b)) and from the side (Figure 3(c)). 25 DETAILED DESCRIPTION Figure 1 Figure 1 is an exploded view of a preferred embodiment of the lighting assembly of the present invention illustrating the major components. This view clearly shows the casing of the lighting assembly comprising a main body (1) of 30 cast metal such as aluminium, or alternatively of polymeric material. In related art lighting assemblies, when installing the light to the pole/bracket there is an opening at the point of entry for vermin, spiders (webs), insects and other pests to 13 enter the light and also allows weather/pollution exposure and other environmental effects such as salt in coastal areas. The main body (1) includes a port (3) for receiving a hollow support (5) which would typically be located at the top of a pole and/or would form part of a bracket or similar structure. The port is 5 adapted to receive a grommet (not shown) which may act as a plug that is configured to prevent ingress of moisture and insects preferably by forming a seal between the support (5) and the port (3). A mains cable (not shown) would ordinarily be located within the support (5). The visor (7) is of unitary construction and at least in the vicinity of the 10 lamp it is conformed to act as a prismatic lens. The visor is typically made of acrylic, polycarbonate or other hard wearing polymer that can be made clear or translucent, however, other suitable materials may used as would be understood by the person skilled in the art. The components located within the termination chamber (13) as well as the components of the reflector assembly (11) are visible 15 through the visor (7). The main body (1) and visor (7) are held together by two clips (9a, 9b) and two integral hinges (10a, 10b not shown) located in corresponding positions on the other side of the main body and visor, thus permitting movement of the visor (7) from a first, closed position to a second, open position permitting full access to 20 the reflector assembly (11) and termination chamber (13). Typically the main body (1) is removably connected to the support (5) by a pair of fasteners (15), preferably bolts having a gauge that is sufficiently large that they can be manipulated by a linesman wearing heavy protective gloves. Figure 2 25 Figure 2 is a further exploded view of the lighting assembly of Figure 1 illustrating the components in greater detail. Again, this view clearly shows the casing of the lighting assembly comprising a main body (1) and a visor (7) and the two clips (9a, 9b) for holding the main body (1) and visor (7) closed. A gasket (10) of silicon, neoprene or any other suitable material assists in providing 30 hermetic closure of the casing. In this view the components of the reflector assembly (11) can be more readily seen. These include a gear tray (17) having lamp holders (19a, 19b) for securing either ends of the lamps (21a, 21b), a reflector tray (23), an electronic 14 ballast (25), a 3-way terminal socket (27) with two MOVs connected to supply terminals and a lanyard (29). An electronic ballast (also known as control gear) is a solid state electronic device that limits the amount of current in an electronic circuit particularly when the load does not regulate its own current consumption 5 well enough. Many are known in the lighting industry such as for example, the Osram ECG Quicktronic De Lux. In the embodiment illustrated in this drawing the reflector assembly is adapted to support the electronic ballast and two lamps, preferably two 14 watt lamps which are equivalent to an 80 watt mercury vapour lamp but with 66% less 10 energy use and reduced greenhouse emissions. However the reflector assembly (11) may alternatively be adapted to receive a single or compact lamp. The reflector assembly (11) is held at one end to the main body (1), and at the other end to the termination chamber (13) by two pairs of fasteners (31 a, 31 b) such as stainless steel 1/4 turn single throw screws. 15 A quick release lanyard (29) and plug socket are installed to assist component replacement. The termination chamber (13) includes a terminal tray (33), a terminal block (35) of plastic or other suitable material and is adapted to hold a PE cell (37). The termination chamber is at least 25% of the volume of the casing. This 20 is combined with improved layout of the components within the termination chamber (13). For example, the port (3) is elongated to provide additional stability for the light fitting when located on the support (5), and in addition, this makes it easier for the linesman to thread the live main cable into the light fitting. Furthermore, the terminal block (35) is of increased size to make it easier for the 25 linesman to connect the mains cable, which is typically a twin cable of large gauge (6 mm 2 ) and is relatively inflexible and resistant to bending. The PE cell (37) is seated in the terminal tray (35) and can be completely enclosed within the casing, with no part projecting through the visor (7). The part of the visor (7) in the vicinity of the PE cell (37) is clear so that the PE cell (37) 30 correctly detects the level of ambient light. Using frosting in other parts of the visor (7) however may provide the advantage of preventing reflected or early ambient light impinging on the PE cell (37) and causing it to prematurely deactivate.

15 The main body (1) is fastened to the support (5) by a pair of large gauge fixing bolts and corresponding nuts (15a, 15b). Figure 3 Figure 3(a) illustrates the fully assembled lighting assembly of Figure 1 5 when viewed from underneath. This is the view that a person would have if they walked underneath the lighting assembly and looked up. In this view they would see through the visor (7) to the reflector tray (23) and lamps and the PE cell (37). Figure 3(b) illustrates the lighting assembly of Figure 3(a) viewed in cross section along AA'. In this view the support (5) can be seen projecting into the 10 elongated port (3) in the termination chamber (13). The main body (1) is fastened to the support (5) by a pair of large gauge fixing bolts (15). Figure 3(c) illustrates the lighting assembly of Figure 3(a) viewed from the side. While this invention has been described in connection with specific 15 embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modification(s). This application is intended to cover any variations uses or adaptations of the invention following in general, the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains and as may be 20 applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit of the essential characteristics of the invention, it should be understood that the above described embodiments are not to limit the present invention unless otherwise specified, but rather should be construed broadly 25 within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative only and not restrictive. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements are intended to be included within the spirit and scope of the invention and appended claims. 30 Therefore, the specific embodiments are to be understood to be illustrative of the many ways in which the principles of the present invention may be practiced. In the following claims, means-plus-function clauses are intended to cover structures as performing the defined function and not only structural equivalents, but also 16 equivalent structures. For example, although a nail and a screw may not be structural equivalents in that a nail employs a cylindrical surface to secure wooden parts together, whereas a screw employs a helical surface to secure wooden parts together, in the environment of fastening wooden parts, a nail and a 5 screw are equivalent structures. "Comprises/comprising" and "includes/including" when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof." Thus, unless the 10 context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words 'comprise', 'comprising', 'include', 'including' and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of "including, but not limited to".

Claims (5)

1. A lighting assembly having a casing comprising a main body defining a port for receiving a mains cable, and a visor, the casing enclosing; 5 - a reflector assembly for receiving at least one lamp, and - a termination chamber, wherein the internal structure of the assembly is adapted to provide a non conducting envelope for live cable introduced to a lighting assembly. 10

2. A lighting assembly as claimed in claim I wherein the non-conductive envelope comprises one or a combination of: Entry to the light fixture/assembly; Terminal block; Casing; 15 Control gear; Globe holders; PE Cell receptacle; Earth connector. 20

3. A lighting assembly according to any one of the previous claims wherein the port is adapted to receive part of a support and the casing is mounted to the support by large gauge fasteners.

4. A lighting assembly according to any one of the previous claims wherein a 25 grommet is located within the port.

5. A lighting assembly according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the main body is manufactured of non-conducing material.