Editorial Note Application No. 2009100807 Description There are 16 pages of description including the title page AUSTRALIA Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Applicant (s): Aristocrat Technologies, Inc. Invention Title: AN INTERFACE FOR A GAMING MACHINE The following statement is a full description of the invention, including the best method for performing it known to me/us: TITLE 5 An Interface for a Gaming Machine DIVISIONAL APPLICATION The present application is a divisional application of Australian patent i application AU2008249196, which is a divisional application of AU2008202031, which is a divisional application of 2007203606 which, in turn, is a divisional of application of Australian patent application 2002334685 (Australian national phase designation of WO 03/028826). This application relates to subject matter disclosed but not claimed in application 2008249196. Most of the disclosure of AU2002334685, AU2007203606, is AU2008202031 and AU2008249196 is included herein, however, if necessary reference may be made to application AU2002334685, AU2007203606, AU2008202031 and/or AU2008249196 to gain further understanding of the present invention and the disclosures of AU2002334685, AU2007203606, AU2008202031 and AU2008249196 are incorporated herein by reference. 20 FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to gaming systems and, more particularly, to retrofitting a gaming machine or gaming network. 25 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Gaming machines, particularly slot machines, have in recent years become one of the more popular, exciting, and sophisticated wagering activities available at casinos 30 and other gambling locations. At the same time, slot machines have also become a source of greater revenue for gaming establishments. CADvCtMenta and SQttngs\stevensonm\Local SettInge\Temporacy Internet File.-OLKC4\P72560 Innovation atnt Specification 14-08-09.dcl7/oS/Q9 Typically, a player, when finished playing, "cashes out" at the slot machine by activating a cash out button. At that time, the slot machine converts the amount of credits pending in the slot machine to a currency payout that is dispensed (e.g., as coins) to the player. The player must then collect all of the coins, fill a cup or pockets, then s move to the next slot machine and re-enter all of the coins. Thus, the prior payout techniques tended to interrupt gameplay, thereby reducing profits and also reducing the excitement and entertainment experience that arises from uninterrupted game play. In the past, slot machines have attempted to address the interruption caused ic when a player collects coins and moves to another slot machine. In particular, some slot machines have issued paper tickets that encode the amount of credit pending in the slot machine when the player presses the cashout button. The player may then simply pick up the ticket dispensed by the slot machine and proceed to a new slot machine without incurring the time delay and distraction associated with collecting currency and is reinserting it into the new slot machine. Successful ticketing, however, requires a comprehensive system level approach to ensure that the tickets are secure (e.g., they cannot be duplicated and reused, they cannot be forged, and the like), that as many slot machines as possible can 20 accept tickets, and that ticketing does not cause as much interuption as the coin / currency payout that the tickets are designed to replace. However, in prior ticketing systems for example, the slot machines typically had to spend the time and processing resources to generate their own ticket validation numbers, or had to incur the delay of requesting a ticket validation number from a central authority each time the slot 25 machine needed to print a ticket. As a result, prior slot machines exposed the player to unnecessary processing delay, thereby slowing play, and reducing the overall level of player enjoyment. In addition, pre-existing gaming machines do not have the capability to print 3O and redeem tickets, making them apparently obsolete in a ticket environment. A player having received a printed ticket from one gaming machine, crosses the casino floor only to find that the next machine of choice is unable to redeem the ticket. This causes player frustration and potential confusion as to the purpose of the ticket. Z:\PatentsUarlkPO1724\P 7 2S 6 0 Innovation Patent Sped15cation 14-08-9dl7/0t09 SUMMMARY OF THE INVENTION In a first aspect, the invention provides a retrofittable apparatus for a gaming machine that has a main visual display device on which a game is displayed to a player, s the retrofittable apparatus comprising: an electronic processing board; a first data interface that is electrically coupled to the electronic processing board; a second data interface that is electrically coupled to the electronic processing 10 board; a ticket printer that is electrically coupled to the electronic processing board; a ticket reader that is electrically coupled to the electronic processing board; and a secondary visual display device that is electrically coupled to the electronic processing board, the secondary visual display device being separate to the main visual 15 display device of the gaming machine; wherein the electronic processing board is arranged to perform the following steps in response to a cash-out signal: communicate with the gaming machine via the first data interface in order to effect a removal of wagerable credits from the gaming machine; 20 communicate with a computer system, which is remote to the gaming machine, via the second data interface so as to: provide the computer system with details of the wagerable credit; receive from the computer system ticket data that is associated with the removal of wagerable credits; and 25 communicate with the ticket printer in order to cause the ticket printer to issue a ticket that is associated with the ticket data; and wherein the electronic processing board is arranged to perfonn the following steps in response to the ticket being inserted into the ticket reader: communicate with the ticket reader in order to obtain the associated 30 ticket data; communicate with the computer system so as to: provide the computer system with the ticket data; and Z:\Pstents\Mrk\PD1724\P72560 Innovatlon Patent Speilicstion 14-0-09.dac17Ifl7819 receive from the computer system information about wagerable credits associated with the ticket data; communicate with the gaming machine via the first data interface in order to add the wagerable credits to the gaming machine; and s communicate with the secondary visual display device to display information either in response to the cash-out signal, or in response to the ticket being inserted into the ticket reader. In an embodiment the electronic processing board is arranged to receive the 10 cash-out signal from the gaining machine via the first data interface. In an embodiment the remote computer system determines whether the ticket data is valid prior to providing the information about wagerable credits associated with the ticket data. 15 In accordance with a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a method for redeeming credits wagerable on a gaming machine , the method comprising providing a retrofittable apparatus which couples to the gaming machine, the retrofittable apparatus arranged to: 20 communicate with a ticket reader which is electrically coupled to the retroffitable apparatus, in order to obtain ticket data that is associated with a ticket that is inserted into the ticket reader; communicate with a computer system, which is remote to the gaming machine, so as to: provide the computer system with the ticket data; and receive from the 25 computer system information about wagerable credits associated with the ticket data; communicate with the gaming machine in order to add the wagerable credits to the gaming machine; and communicate with a secondary visual display device, which is separate to a main display of the gaming machine, to display information in response to the ticket 30 being inserted into the ticket reader. ZAPatene\MrkP Innovmtian Patent SpeciircaiAn 14-06-O9.dC17/08/09 In accordance with a third aspect of the present invention there is provided a cashless payout method for a gaming machine, the method comprising providing a retrofittable apparatus which couples to the gaming machine, the retrofittable apparatus arranged to: 5 effect a removal of wagerable credits from the gaming machine in response to detecting a cash-out signal; communicate with a computer system, which is remote to the gaming machine, so as to: provide the computer system with details of the wagerable credits; and io -receive from the computer system ticket data that is associated with the removal of wagerable credits; communicate with a ticket printer, which is electrically coupled to the retroffitable apparatus, in order to cause the ticket printer to issue a ticket that comprises the ticket data; and is communicate with a visual display device, which is separate to a main display device of the gaming machine, information in response to the cash-out signal, It will also be appreciated that in the claims which follow and in the description of the embodiment(s) of the present invention, except where the context 20 requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word "comprise" or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising" is used in an inclusive sense, i.e. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention. 25 BJREF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a gaming system according to a particular embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 shows a front view of a ticket used with the gaming system of 30 Figure 1; and Figure 3 illustrates a block diagram of a gaming system in which a central authority or game interface exercises direct control over a bill validator, a ticket printer, and a ticket reader of the individual gaming machine. Z:\Patents\Merk\P01724\P72550 Innvation Patent Specfication 14--09.doel71051 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S) Referring to Figure 1, a gaming network 100 includes several gaming 5 machines 102, 104, 106. The gaming machines 102-106 may be implemented, for example, as slot machines, video poker machines, video roulette machines, and the like, Each gaming machine 102-106 includes a game controller 108, a display 110, and a game network interface 112. The game interface 112 may be, for example, an RS485 interface such as that implemented by SentinelTM Interface from Casino Data Systems. to Other interfaces and network architectures (e.g. Ethernet, parallel port, and the like) may be substituted in alternative embodiment of the present invention. Furthermore, the game interface 112 may adhere to, for example, the IGT Gaming SASM communication protocol, the CDS GDAPTm communication protocol, a custom protocol, or another third party communication protocol for establishing and is maintaining communication with the gaming machines 102 to 106. The game interface 112 is physically present inside of the gaming machine 102; although, it may be located externally from and coupled to the gaming machine 102 in alternative embodiments of the present invention. Each gaming machine 102 to 106 further includes a coin acceptor or comparator 114, a bill validator / ticket reader 116, and a ticket printer 118. 20 The gaming machines 102 to 106 may be originally manufactured with some or all of these components, or may be retrofitted with some or all of these components, as described below. Initially, the embodiment of Figure 1 will be described as if the bill validator/ticket reader 116 and ticket printer 118 are originally manufactured within the 25 gaming machines 102 to 106. The game controller 108 is responsive to a cash-out signal 134 to print a ticket 136 on paper, or other suitable material. Additionally, previously printed tickets (e.g., the ticket 138) may be redeemed for credits by the gaming machines 102-106. The gaming network also includes a central authority or host computer system 120. The 30 central authority 120 includes a ticketing database 122 and a network interface 124 for connection over the network medium 126 to the gaming machines 102-106. Support Z:\PatentWark\P01 724\P72560 InRovation PatRnt Sp-cjficatton 14-0 9.d1710BJ09 systems connect to the central authority 120, including a ticketing workstation 128, ana administration workstation 130, and an accounting workstation 132. A dataport unit (DPU) 140 is provided as a data concentrator and buffering communication unit to address multiple gaming machines 102 to 106 and to 5 communicate with the poller 142. The polled 142, in turn, communicates with the DPU 140 and the central authority 120. The game interface 112 may be generally configured as shown in Figure 1 to include a CPU 144, a program and data memory 146, and a serial controller 148. The CPU 144 is electrically coupled to a secondary display device 362, which is depicted in Figures 1 and 3. .10 The game controller 108 is responsible for operation of the gaming machine 102. Thus, the game controller 108 includes a microprocessor, memory, game software, and support circuitry to implement a slot machine or other type of game. The main display 110 presents to the player a representation of the pending credit in the gaming machine 102 (e.g., $455.50). During play, the game controller 108 tracks the pending is credit according to the rules of the game and the interaction with the player (including the deposit of additional funds via the coin acceptor 114 and bill validator 116), and further monitors for assertion of the cash-out signal 134. Thus, the central authority 120 need not monitor the pending credit in each gaming machine 102 to 106, as each gaming machine 102 to 106 preferably tracks the pending credit locally and 20 independently of the central authority 120. In response to the cash-out signal 134, the game controller 108 prints the ticket 136 which may be redeemed later at gaming machines 102 to 106 or at independent workstations 128 with ticket readers. The cash-out signal 134 may be generated by a player actuated switch, touch screen input, or the like. As will be explained in more 2S detail below, the game controller 108 prints the ticket 136 with a pre-loaded ticket validation number obtained from the central authority 120 through the network interfaces 112, 124 and over the network medium 126. The central authority 120 may use a number generator to generate validation numbers, and, if desired, may use an. encryption algorithm to generate the validation numbers. The number generated may be 30 based on, for example, the time and/or date as well as the gaming machine number. Z:\PatoIs\MaertPO1724\P7256o Inovation Pxetr Spedficatian 14-08-09.dOO17/0M3D The ticketing database 122 stores information obtained from the gaming machines 102 to 106, as well as locally generated validation numbers. The ticketing workstation 128 provides cash redemption of tickets separate from the gaming machines 102 to 106, the administiation workstation 130 provides an interface for s setting up system parameters, and the accounting workstation 132 provides for ticket and gaming machine accounting functions. Note that in general, when a ticket validation number is pre-loaded into a game interface 112, the ticket validation number is also stored in ticketing database 122 (albeit without an associated pending credit amount). Thus, should the gaming network fail, validation may still occur through 10 human intervention. Turning next to Figure 2, a ticket 200 includes a validation number bar code 202 (e.g., in JCM or Code 205 format), a human intelligible validation number 204, and a human intelligible pending credit amount 206. The ticket 200, as shown, also includes a machine number 208 and a ticket number 210 (e.g., a sequential ticket number 15 generated in the gaming machine 102). The validation number bar code 202 is a machine readable representation of a pre-loaded validation number (as discussed in more detail below) but the validation number bar code 202 generally does not encode other information (e.g., the pending credit amount). In other words, the ticket 200, when it is advantageous to do so, may omit a machine readable pending credit amount. 20 Additional information may also be printed on the ticket 200, including a date/time of cashout, casino name, ticket expiration date, and the like. In using the system of Figure 1, a player presses a cash-out button and thereby generates the cash-out signal 134. In response to the cash-out signal 134, game controller 108 proceeds to obtain a pre-loaded validation number from the game 25 interface 112 and to print ticket 136. The game controller 108 sends the necessary information to ticket printer 118 and the ticket 136 is printed. Information regarding the printed ticket is sent to the central authority 120 through the game interface 112. The printed ticket information may include the casino name, ticket date and time, validation number, a bar code representing the validation 30 number, a numeric pending credit amount, an alphanumeric description of the pending Z:%Ptenta\Mark\PO1724\P725B0 Innovatlon Patent Specification 14-DB-09.doc17O8O0Y amount, a machine number, and a ticket number (typical ly up to 9999 and sequentially generated at each gaming machine). The game interface 112 also requests a new ticket validation number from the central authority 120, and pre-loads it into a memory (e.g., the memory 146) for use when the next ticket is printed. Thus, a ticket validation number is immediately available at the gaming machine when the player activates the cash-out button. The ticketing database 122 in the central authority may store, for example, a number of fields as desired. Examples of fields are set forth in Tables 1, 2 and 3 of related US application No. 09/693,483, the entirety of such application is incorporated to herein by reference. Also, in using the system in Figure 1, a player may insert a ticket 138 into a gaming machine 102 to 106, or more specifically the ticket reader 116. The gaming machine 102 to 106 queries the central authority 120 for validation of the validation number bar code 202 printed on the ticket (see Figure 2). In general, the pending credit tis printed on the ticket 200 is not read by the ticket reader 138. Rather, the system itself responds with the pending credit as explained below. The central authority 120 attempts to find the validation number in its ticketing database 122. If the validation number is not found, the central authority 120 responds to the gaming machine 102 with a Reject Message. If the ticket 138 is a duplicate, i.e., it 20 has been validated earlier, the central authority 120 also responds with a Reject Message. If the validation number is not a duplicate, then the central authority 120 determines whether the ticket status as recorded in the ticketing database 122 is issued and redeemable (i.e., it has not already been redeemed for money). If not, the central authority 120 again responds with a Reject Message. The ticket / bill validator 116 then 25 rejects the ticket 138, i.e., returns the ticket 138 to the player. If the ticket 138 is valid, the central authority 120 responds to the gaming machine via the game interface 112 to indicate that the ticket is valid and provides the amount to be credited (e.g., in cents). The gaming machine 102 loads the amount into its credit meter. ZAPatehtsMrkP01724\P725D Inovation Ptent Speification 14,D-09.doe17/DB/ Subsequently, the gaming machine 102 replies to the central authority 120 with the ticket processing result (e.g, the ticket was rejected or accepted). The central authority 120 changes the ticket status in the ticketing database 122 to indicate, for example, that the ticket 138 has been redeemed. s With reference next to Figure 3, a block diagram of a gaming network 300 illustrates control by central authority 120 over a coin acceptor 314, a bill validator and ticket reader 316, and a ticket printer 318. As will suggest itself, a separate ticket reader and ticket printer may be used, however the functionality of a reader and printer may be incorporated into a single device. Figure 3 is similar to Figure 1, and like reference i0 numerals denote like parts. Note, however, that the coin comparator 314, bill validator and ticket reader 316, and ticket printer 318 are connected directly to the game interface 312 rather than to the game controller 108. As a result, the central authority 120 may exercise control over the coin acceptor 314, bill validator and ticket reader 316, and ticket printer 318 through the game is interface 312. The game controller 108 is thereby relieved of those duties. Furthermore, pre-existing gaming machines that do not allow convenient game controller ticket printing and reading, may nevertheless issue and redeem tickets when retrofitted with the game interface 312, bill validator and ticket reader 316 and ticket printer 318. In such a retrofit, the coin comparator 314 is connected to game interface 312. 20 Interface 312 includes software in its memory 146 to directly control ticket printer 318 as well as coin acceptor 314 and bill validator and ticket reader 316, and to correspondingly communicate with central authority 120, as desbribed herein. The hardware components of interface 312 may be incorporated onto a single printed circuit board (or several boards, if desired) which is fitted into gaming machine 102. The 25 printed circuit board may replace an existing machine's original interface board so as tc retrofit the existing machine to provide ticketing capabilities. Thus, an existing gaming machine gains the ability to print and redeem tickets. As will suggest itself, apertures may be cut out of the face of the gaming machine in order to locate the typical ticket receiving slot of bill validator and ticket reader 316 and to locate the typical dispensing 2,\Paenta\Mark\PD1724\P72560 Innovation Patent Specification 14-08-09.doc17/06/0 slot of ticket printer 318. Instructional information may also be printed on the face of the gaming machine, if desired. Game interface 312 controls the physical cashout button on the gaming machine. As shown in Figure 3, the cash-out signal, generated by activation of the s cashout button, is sent to the game controller 108 which in turn communicates this event to game interface 312- Alternatively, the cash-out signal 134 may bypass game controller 108 and be sent directly to game interface 312. When a player presses the cash-out button, credits are removed from the game credit meter, a validation number is assigned to a ticket 136, information is logged into io the database 122 and the ticket 136 is printed. Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) protocols are used to remove all player credits from the gaming machine 102. The game interface 312 stores a pre-loaded ticket validation number obtained from the central authority 120, as described above in reference to Figure 1. It is this pre loaded validation number that is printed on the ticket 136. Alternatively, game interface is 312 may independently generate the validation number by a number generator as previously discussed. Interface 312 may preload its memory 146 with the number generated. Upon actuation of the cash-out button, a validation number, as well as other information, is sent by game interface 312 to the ticket printer 318 and to the ticketing 20 database 122. Other information sent may include machine number, sequential ticket number, amount, date/time, and expiration date. A ticket 200 similar to that shown in Figure 2 is then printed. Ticketing database 122 will then have infonnation regarding the particular ticket that may later be used to validate it. The flow of the process for printing tickets may be described as follows: 25 1. A player pushes the cashout button on gaming machine 102. The cashout signal 134 is generated and sent to game interface 312. Z:Patent\M rkQ1-f4\P72560 Innovation Patent Specification 14-08-09.doc17O08JD 2. The game interface 312 responds to the cashout signal by removing all credits from the credit meter using EFT protocol. An EFT message is sent by game interface 312 to the game controller 108 to cause the removal of all credits. As will be understood, gaming machine 102 has EFT protocol capabilities. 5 3 The game interface 312 also provides a validation ticket number and the credit amount to the printer. The validation number is preloaded into interface 312 after generation by the central authority 120. Alternatively, game interface 312 may generate the validation number independently of the central authority, and provide data regarding that generation to the central authority for storage in database 122. 10 4. Ticket printer 318 prints a ticket 136 and dispenses the ticket 136 to the player. 5. Data is stored in game interface 312 regarding the printing of the ticket 136. Game interface 312 may keep a log of all printed tickets 136 with date and time data, and may keep another log as to printer events. is 6. Game interface 312 sends data to central authority 120 regarding the printing, ie., that the ticket was successfully printed, and a record of the ticket 136 is sent as well. 7. Central authority 120 generates the next validation number to be used by that gaming machine and loads that validation number into game interface 312. 20 When a ticket 138 is inserted into the bill validator and ticket reader 316, the game interface 312 reads the ticket directly and proceeds to verify the validation number bar code with the central authority 120 as explained above. Valid tickets result in credit being applied to the gaming machine 102 using, for example, an Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) message. The EFT message may be generated by the central 25 authority 120. An invalid ticket 138 is rejected, and is returned to the player. In addition, the game interface 312 may also read standard currency (e.g., bills and coins) input to coin comparator 314 and bill validator 316, and appropriately report to the central authority 120. Again, the central authority 120 may respond with an EFT Z-.\PatntsWwkPQ1724\P72560 InnovatIon Patent Specificativrn 14-O8-09.doc1780Da message to the gaming machine 102 to apply credit thereto. Alternatively, the game interface 312 may determine the amount of standard currency inserted and report that amount directly to the gaming machine 102 via an EFT message (to appropriately increment its bill and coin meters). Gaming interface 312 may log the bill and coin s amounts into memory. In that regard, the game interface 312 may act as a filter, such that only printed tickets generate appreciable network traffic to the central authority 120. The flow of the process for redeeming tickets may be described as follows: 1. A player inserts a ticket into the bill validator and ticket reader 316. 10 2. The game interface 312 responds by storing pertinent data and transmitting the ticket's 138 validation number to the central authority 120. 3. Central authority 120 checks its database 122 to determine whether the validation number exists in the database, whether the ticket 138 is a duplicate, and the status of the ticket. If valid, the central authority changes the ticket's status to indicate 15 redemption is in process and then sends the ticket type (cashable) and the amount (cents) to the game interface 312. 4. The game interface 312 tells the ticket reader 316 that the ticket is acceptable and data is stored accordingly. The ticket reader 316 retains the ticket. 5. The game interface 312 sends a message to the game via EFT protocol and 2 0 stores data accordingly. 6. The game controller 108 responds to the EFT message and loads an amount into the credit meter which is displayed at display 110. The game controller 108 may store data and informs interface 312 that credit has been given to the player. 7. The game interface 312 sends data to central authority 120 that the ticket was 25 redeemed. Z;PaerTn MrkPG17Z4W724\7 Innovation Patent SpecifiIt on 14-08-09.doo17/0809 8. The central authority 120 changes the ticket status to redeemed. If the ticket 138 is not accepted by the game controller 108, the central authority 120 is notified accordingly so that it may change its database to reflect the status of the ticket 138. If the game controller 108 is able to accept some, but not all of the ticket 5 amount, the game controller 108 is able to print a ticket for the difference in order to give "change" back to the player. Some gaming machines can only accept whole dollar amounts, based on the gaming machine's denomination. The game interface 312 may print a change ticket to return the change balance to the player. Game interface 312 prints the change ticket in the same manner it prints a cashout ticket, but using a 10 validation number and communicating with the central authority, as described above. Data is stored in the central authority, accordingly. Thus, the embodiment(s) of the present invention provides a secure ticket actuated gaming network. In particular, the gaming machines 102 to 106 are pre-loaded with ticket validation numbers in preparation for printing a cashout ticket 136. As a is result, the player need not wait while the gaming machine 102 to 106 generates or requests a new validation number. Preexisting machines may be retrofit to participate in the ticketing process. A retrofit kit may be used to retrofit preexisting gaming machines 102 to 106. As used herein, "retrofit" means to furnish a preexisting machine or system with 20 additional parts, either new parts or used parts. A retrofit kit includes a game interface 312, a ticket printer 318 and a bill validator and ticket reader 316. The game interface 312 may include a four port serial 1/0 Board which connects the serial port of the interface to the ticket printer and bill validator and ticket reader. The game interface will also include the necessary software to perform its functions as described above. As 2S will suggest itself, additional software may be provided so as to permit game interface 312 to display messages on display 110. For example, the message ADDING CREDITS may be displayed to ensure player awareness during the validation process. Other messages may include TICKET ACCEPTED or TICKET REJECTED. Z:\8ent8\Mrkt?01724P72560 Innovation Patent Spcifcation 14-05-09.doc17/080 While the invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular step, structure, or s material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Z:\PatentsterKAPO1 724\P7258O Innavkian Patent Specifcation 14-05O.doci7?O&O9