SUPER HYDRO POWER STATION
-SHPS
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION -1 Super Hydro Power Station or short - SHPS - is structure designed for hydro electricity production. Like traditionally, hydro power station SHPS can be placed on rivers flow, but SHPS is mainly designed to be built near large source of water (ocean, sea, river, lake even large dam). Main reason for that is because water is physically supplied to the SHPS reservoir by number of pumps and pump sets: which have function to constantly supply water to the SHPS reservoir in turns or individually. For easy functioning of SHPS, water is pumped into the reservoir. When the reservoir is full and constant water level inside the reservoir, is established, station is ready to produce hydro electricity. By opening the gates at the bottom of the dam, water will spin turbines which will turn or spin generators which produce electricity and SHPS electricity production has began. The gates at the bottom of the dam are designed to control water flow from the reservoir out and by opening of their minimum: water flow will be controlled at a minimum waste of water from the reservoir out. This is very important because SHPS is designed to waste minimum of water, because the same amount of water that is wasted or released out has to be put or pumped back into the reservoir and preferable to be done at the same time. Minimum of water released from the reservoir out means that less water has to be pumped back inside the reservoir, so constant water level can be maintained at all times, easier and more efficient which will minimize pressure on the pumps itself. If the water previously released out from the reservoir is fully returned back to the reservoir, then we have established a full circle of water flow which allows us to increase and decrease the size of SHPS from the giant infrastructure to the portable or domestic small power plant or hydro generator. If the water is returned back to the source where it previously being pumped from and that amount of water is equal to the amount of water previously being pumped in per minute: then we have established constant water level inside the reservoir at all times which is absolutely necessary for continuous hydro electricity production. Pumps and their size vary depending on how large SHPS is. Number of pumps vary again: depending how large SHPS is, Pumps are divided into sets of pumps. Each set of pumps withholds unlimited number of pumps or how many pumps are required (Previously calculated).
-2 Each set of pumps are set to perform like a one single pump. Number of sets of pumps depends of how large SHPS is. Sets of pumps are set to be turned on automatically, individually one by one or combined, two by two, three by three, etc at the same time again depending of how large SHPS is, and they are programmed to work in turns of 4 hrs each or more. Each set of pumps or two by two : three by three sets of pumps combined are capable to return amount of water into the SHPS reservoir, which is equal to the amount of water released through the turbines previously, per minute and by the same time. Amount of water released out from the SHPS gates is equal to the amount of water previously pumped in through the pump sets, regardless of how the pump sets are programmed to work. This fact allows us to establish reservoir which will never be short of water, regardless of how big the SHPS is. Introduction of pumps and pump sets allows us to build hydro power station with a much smaller reservoir so evacuation of land and flooding of enormous areas for enormous reservoirs is not necessary anymore. That makes SHPS incredibly environmentally friendly. Introduction of pumps and pump sets also allows us to place or build SHPS basically anywhere, as long the large source of water is nearby. The closer to the large source of water, the less pressure on the pumps and pumping system. To power pumps for a first time only or first top up of the reservoir, existing power is to be used if available or solar energy and wind energy are to be used in the areas where existing electricity is not available. Power of pumps after first top up is done directly from the dam of SHPS. Two separate smaller turbines are installed apart from main turbines. One is spare. One smaller turbine will run smaller generator which will have function to supply electricity direct to fully automatic pump system. This way pumps will have constant power supply 24/7. Reason for introduction of two separate turbines and generators is to make sure that pumps never depend on any other power source after first top up, except two smaller generators.
-3 This way regardless of working or not working of main turbines and generators; pumps will have constant and direct power supply at all times. In case of major maintenance event, pump system can be still operated and reservoirs can be topped up with water if necessary at any time; especially when none of the main turbines are not spinning. Reservoirs of SHPS are much smaller and they can be any shape. Bottom of the reservoir is curved in towards bottom of the dam so maximum water pressure can be established right in front of the main gates, so when gates are opened the turbines can be spinned easier. The weight of the water and sloppy bottom of the floor of the reservoir will put and increase water pressure at the bottom of the dam. The dam is slightly curved in for the same reason. The structure of the dam inside the reservoir is individually channelled towards the main gate; again to increase water pressure towards the gates and the turbines. The penstock and the intake are combined in one almost completely in front of the gates with a SHPS. Outflow is freely released out and it does not have any requirements. Water gushes out to the accumulating lake where it can be later returned to the reservoir or it is fully returned back to the source where it was previously pumped from (ocean, lake, sea etc); whichever chosen for SHPS efficient work. Once all the requirements are met, SHPS will perform superbly and will open a new era of hydro electricity production with an extra bonus of being extremely environmentally friendly. Another great advantage of SHPS is, if we build two, three or more power plants above each other on the long sloppy ground; only top SHPS will need to be supplied with water (water to be pumped in); the others underneath will receive water for free, so mass production of hydro electricity can be established in one place if needed and very economically. SHPS gives many choices and options and it is a great solution for future electricity production. SHPS can be built as a portable station as well and it can be built above the water source with the same pump principals and power of the pumps.
-4 Solar power and wind power are used to power pumps for first top up but they can be also used for a continuous power of the pumps if necessary. Excess electricity produced by both of them is directed to the consumer usage (since already installed). - Existing turbines are to be used and propeller turbine is recommended. - Existing generators are to be used. - Existing transformers are to be used. - Existing power transmission lines and power transmitting principals are to apply with a SHPS. - Existing pumps are to be used and their size vary depending of how big SHPS is. - Number of pumps varies again depending of how big the SHPS is. - Existing working principals of hydro power plant are to apply (spinning of the turbines and generators, transforming and transmitting electricity etc). - Pipelines are built from pvc, concrete, steel or any other suitable materials. - The dam is built from re-inforced concrete, steel or other, depending of how large structure is. Because of smaller lakes and constant water level inside the lakes, people are encouraged to live around the lake which can be used for sporting and recreational events, etc. Rainfalls are welcome with the SHPS. Free top-up of the lake will release pressure on the pumps which will extend pumps lifetime. Lifetime of the pumps are predicted to be quite long since they are all working in turn and the replacing of the pumps will be basically major expense which is expected to occur within 10 to 15 year time, or other. Other maintenance are basically the same like with other hydro power plants. Control tower or power house stays the same and slightly updated.
- 5 EXPLANATION OF DRAWINGS DRAWING 1OF 2 Detail 1. Shows the dam "t 2. Dam support posts "t 3. Smaller reservoir "t 4. Curved floor of the bottom of the reservoir "t 5. Two smaller turbines for power supply to the pumps and pumping system (pump sets) "t 6. Main turbines installed on the dam direct or they can be moved if different Type of turbines is used (e.g. francis turbine) 7. Outflow 8. Wind power 9. Solar power "t 10. Pipelines "t 11. Pumps which can be positioned anywhere along the pipelines "t 12. Sea or any other large source of water "t 13. Pump sets (each pump set withholds number of pumps 1-?) -6 DRAWING 2 OF 2 Detail 1. Turbine (propeller type) " 2. Generator " 3. Power house " 4. Dam (concrete structure, steel, or other) " S. Gate 6. Curved floor of the reservoir 7. Water 8. Arrows showing water pressure direction Drawing 1 of 2 (page 7) shows complete concept of SHPS with a wind power, solar power and water source. Drawing 2 of 2 (page 8) shows curved dam structure, smaller reservoir and its profile and the curved floor of the reservoir. Arrows detail 8 are pointing in which direction water pressure will develop.