AU2007234607B2 - Prophylactic systems for dental instruments and methods for using the same - Google Patents

Description

S&F Ref: 688890D1 AUSTRALIA PATENTS ACT 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION FOR A STANDARD PATENT Name and Address Eric V. Wade, of P.O. Box 8345, Tyler, Texas, 75711, of Applicant : United States of America Actual Inventor(s): Eric V Wade Address for Service: Spruson & Ferguson St Martins Tower Level 35 31 Market Street Sydney NSW 2000 (CCN 3710000177) Invention Title: Prophylactic systems for dental instruments and methods for using the same The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us: 5845c(10361461 ) 1 PROPHYLACTIC SYSTEMS FOR DENTAL INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS FOR USING THE SAME BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates in general to dental instruments and in particular to a prophylactic system for 5 dental instruments and methods for making the same. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART In recent years, the various health professions have come under close scrutiny due to the increased possibility of the transmission of infectious diseases from doctor to 10 patient, patient to doctor, and patient to patient. This is particularly true in the dental office, where dental appliances come in direct contact with potentially harmful fluids or blood-born pathogens, such as Hepatitis B and HIV, found within the oral cavity. With the predicted increase 15 in the number of cases of infection with the Hepatitis B and HIV viruses, dentists will be treating more patients carrying these infections, knowingly or unknowingly. Consequently, the possibility of accidental transmission of these dangerous infectious diseases will correspondingly 20 increase. One particular path of pathogen transmission within the dental office is through the high speed and low speed air-driven dental hand pieces. These appliances come in direct contact with the patient's oral cavity during use and 2 often collect blood, minute debris and other microbial and particulate matter, which have been shown to be a source of blood-born pathogen transmission, including the transmission of the Hepatitis B and HIV viruses. Because of the 5 potential for transmission of pathogens by dental hand pieces, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has issued-detailed guidelines for proper handling and sterilization of these devices following each patient use. Among other things, proper hand piece sterilization involves 10 autoclaving the instrument at approximately 15 psi and 121*C for a period of thirty minutes (cold sterilization using a disinfectant solution is often ineffective). This requirement, although necessary, drastically reduces the number of patients that can be effectively treated during 15 the dentist's normal work day due to the increased time required to both autoclave and cool instruments. (The cost of dental hand pieces range from a few hundred to well over a thousand dollars, which makes it economically difficult to maintain a large number of such appliances in order to 20 handle an increased patient load). Moreover, repetitive autoclaving has been shown to decrease the useful life of the instruments themselves. Another concern related to the use of high-speed dental hand pieces is the noise level at which the dentist is 25 exposed. The typical high-speed dental hand piece produces noise in the frequency range of 2,000 to 3,500 Hertz, with a typical amplitude of 80 decibels at approximately 2,000 Hertz. With the average dentist spending many hours per week, over a number of years, exposed to the noise from 30 dental appliances, the potential readily exists for the dental practitioner to experience some type of hearing disorder.

3 In sum, the need has arisen for apparatus and methods which provide a practical means for preventing dental hand pieces from coming in direct contact with potentially harmful fluids or blood-born pathogens found within the oral cavity. Moreover, it would be highly advantageous if such methods and apparatus could also reduce the noise level to s which the dental practitioner is exposed during the use of such hand pieces. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to substantially overcome or ameliorate one or more of the disadvantages of the prior art. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 10 A first aspect of the present invention provides a bur assembly for use with a dental hand piece comprising: a dental bur; and a splash guard coupled to said dental bur and having means for propelling liquids and debris away from said hand piece during rotation of said bur. is A second aspect of the present invention provides a splash guard assembly for use with a dental hand piece, said splash guard assembly comprising: an inner surface; an outer surface; an inner edge defining an aperture; and 20 a plurality of fins extending from said inner surface to said inner edge, said inner edge configured to engage a dental bur. A third aspect of the present invention provides a method of providing a splash guard assembly for use with a dental hand piece, said method comprising: providing a splash guard assembly having an inner surface, an outer surface, and 25 an inner edge defining an aperture; extending a plurality of fins from the inner surface to the inner edge; engaging the inner edge with a dental bur of a dental handpiece. A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a cover for a dental hand piece, said cover having a shape and dimensions selected to substantially surround the dental 30 hand piece and conform with a shape and dimensions of the dental hand piece, said cover configured with a collared aperture to allow access to at least a bur receptacle of the dental hand piece.

4 A final aspect of the present invention provides a cover for a dental hand piece, said cover having a shape and dimensions selected to substantially surround the dental hand piece and conform with a shape and dimensions of the dental hand piece, said cover comprising: s a first aperture configured to allow access to a bur receptacle of the dental hand piece; a second aperture; and a protective device configured to cover said second aperture when the dental hand piece is not in use and swivel to expose said second aperture when the dental hand 1o piece is in use. In sum, the principles of a preferred embodiment provides a practical means for preventing dental hand pieces from coming in direct contact with potentially harmful fluids or bloodborn pathogens during dental procedures. Moreover, the double cover system substantially reduces the noise level to which the dental practitioner is exposed 15 during such a procedure.

5 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS For a more complete understanding of the present invention, *and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the 5 accompanying drawings, in which: FIGURES 1A - 1C depict a series of perspective views of the inner portions of a dental hand piece-cover system according to the principles of the present invention; FIGURE 2 depicts in detail and adapter, which' connects 10 to conventional dental water and air source; FIGURE 3 is a schematic diagram of an outer cover according to the principles of the present invention; FIGURE 4 is a diagram depicting a dental hand piece/ inner cover assembly according to either embodiment, as 15 received by outer cover; FIGURE 5 provides an enclosed view of a dental hand piece/ inner cover assembly, as received by outer cover; FIGURES 6A and 6B are respective front and rear views of a protective valve suitable for passing air, water and 20 light from corresponding outlets of the hand to an aperture through-the inner cover; FIGURES 7A - 7C are respective views of a bur-splash guard assembly, the bur apart from the assembly and the splash guard apart from the assembly; and 25 FIGURE BA is a cut-away view of an in-line air and water filter adapted for use with a dental hand piece, such as that shown in FIGURE 1A, along with an adapter for coupling the filter and the hand piece when the filter is disposed external to the hand piece.

6 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The principles of the present invention and their advantages are best understood by referring to the illustrated embodiment depicted in FIGURES 1-7. 5 of the drawings, in which like numbers designate like parts. FIGURE 1A-1C depict a series of perspective views of the inner portions of a dental hand piece- cover system 100 according to the principles of the present invention. The primary components depicted in these figures include a 10 high-speed air-driven dental hand piece 101 and a first or inner cover 102 comprised of first and second interlocking halves 103a and 103b. The two halves 103 of inner cover 102 are mirror symmetric and generally have dimensions and shape adapted to receive and enclose hand piece 101. The primary 15 portions of hand piece 101 are the main body 104, handle 105, neck 106, and head 107. Neck 106 is disposed at an angle to body 104 such that head 107 is disposed at a contra-angle to body 104 and handle 105. Head 107 encloses an air-driven turbine which drives an 20 interchangeable dental burr which is received through burr opening 108. A burr changing mechanism 109 is provided which is accessible through the rear of.head 107. The burr may also be used by the use of socket-like opening which receive the burr changing tool used to both loosen and 25 tighten the burr. Located at the front of head 107, and immediately below burr receptacle 108 are air-supplied delivery tube and opening 111, and fiber optic light 112. Tubing within hand piece 101 carries water and pressurized air, at 30 approximately 5-60 psi, from an adapter 113 to openings 110 and 111, respectively.

7 Adapter 113, which connects to conventional dental water and air source, is shown in FIGURE 1C, and in more particular detail in FIGURE 2. Adapter 113, includes an aperture or receptacle 114 for introducing water, an 5 aperture or receptacle 115 for receiving air, and a light cover 116 for transmitting light from a fibre optic light source to the head 107. The two halves 103 of inner cover 102 are preferably constructed from a plastic ranging in thickness from 0.01 mm 10 to 100 mm. Preferably, absorbent strips 44 are glued or otherwise fastened along the outer edges of halves 103. When corresponding edges of the two halve abut, therefor, a first (inner) seal is provided to prevent the ingress or egress of hazardous fluids and particles. Moreover, 15 absorbent strips 117 may be pretreated or post-treated with a variety of substances, including anti-viral, antibacterial, antibiotic or disinfectant substances, to further improve the barrier against the transmission of hazardous materials. When half covers 103a and 103b are 20 assembled to form inner cover 102, an aperture 118 is defined which allows light -from light source 112 and water form water aperture 111 to reach the dental operating field. Specifically, aperture 118 acts as a one-way flow valve which protects from the uptake of hazardous fluid and debris 25 into the confines of inner cover 102. Specifically, exit aperture 118 is wide enough to allow for the excess of air and water under pressure of the air compressor, but narrow enough to resist the intake of fluid and other materials. The surface tension of the fluid, as well as capillary 30 action of the reduced size.

8 Apertures 119 are provided at the connector end of inner cover 102, in conjunction with similar apertures through the outer cover, allow for the dissipation of compressed air used to drive the air turbine in head 107. A 5 soft insert 119, made of rubber or similar material, may be included for damping vibration and noise. FIGURE 2 is an alternate embodiment of'the cover 102. In this case, the two halves 201 of cover 102, are formed with a 900 rotation with respect the halves 103 of the 10 embodiment of FIGURES 1A and 1B. FIGURE 2 additionally shows another very important feature according to the principles of the present invention. Specifically, a circumferential or cone shaped burr opening cover 202 is provided through half 201b of 15 inner cover 102. A cone shaped burr opening is adapted to receive the burr tool while aiding in the prevention of leakage of harmful materials and fluids into inner cover 102. In the illustrated embodiments, the two halves of inner 20 cover 102 are held together with a friction lock closure comprising an interlocking series of male tabs 121 and corresponding female apertures 122. Each male tab 121 includes a raised elevation or notch -which captures the sidewall of the corresponding aperture 122. Tabs 121 are 25 preferably formed integral with the corresponding half 103b or 201b of inner cover 102 and may have a thickness of between 0.01 mm to 10 mm and a width from 0.01 mm to 50 mm. The sidewalls of apertures 122 may be shaped or angled to improve interlocking with tabs 121. 30 FIGURE 3 is a schematic diagram of an outer cover 300 according to the principles of the present invention. As with inner cover 102, outer cover 300 is preferably formed 9 of injected molded and/or thermoformed plastic, although other materials such as rubber may also be used. FIGURE 3 depicts outer cover 300 in an open configuration ready to receive the assembly comprised of hand piece 101 and inner 5 cover 102. As with the inner cover, outer cover 300 includes two symmetric halves 301a and 301b. A hinge mechanism 310, for example, a thin layer of plastic formed integrally with the two halves 301 of cover 300, allows body halve 301 to rotate with respect to each other to thereby 10 close outer cover 300. Cover 300 is held in the closed position using a friction lock mechanism including male tabs 302 and female apertures 303 on opposing edges of the corresponding halves 301. As described above with regards to inner cover 102, male tabs 302 include a raised 15 protrusion or notch suitable for interlocking with the sidewalls of apertures 303. The sidewalls of apertures 303 may also be shaped or angled to improve the capture of tabs 302. A plurality of treated antibiotic, anti-viral or 20 disinfectant treated strips 304 and 305 are disposed along the length of respective half bodies 301a and 301b. Strips 304 are preferably made of compressed cotton, but other similarly absorbent materials may also be used. They may be treated, for example with a commercially available compound 25 such as amoxicillin. In the illustrated embodiment, strips 304 are angled and strips 305 curved such that the inner cover/ dental hand piece assembly 100 fits snugly within the confines of outer cover 300. In addition to providing a barrier against the ingress and egress of hazardous fluids 30 and debris, strips 304 and 305 provide a series of mechanical absorbers and baffles which help produce the 10 noise experienced by the dental practitioner as well as the patient. An aperture or receptacle 306 is formed around the dental burr extending from hand piece 101. An additional 5 aperture 307, directly below aperture 306, is formed allowing air, and/or light from source tubes 110-111 to reach the operating field. Additionally, apertures 308 are provided at the receptacle end of cover 300 for venting compressed air exhausted from the air turbine driving the 10 burr. FIGURE 4 is a diagram depicting a dental hand piece/ inner cover assembly according to either embodiment 100 or embodiment 200, as received by outer cover 300. In FIGURE 4, the two halves of outer cover 300 have yet to be folded 15 and locked together to complete the outer enclosure of the assembly. An enclosed view is provided in FIGURE 5. FIGURES 6A and 6B are respectively front and rear views of a preferred protective valve 600 for connecting water outlet 110, air outlet 112 and light source 112 of hand 20 piece 101 with aperture 118 of inner cover 102. Valve includes a body 601, enclosing tubes and a fiber optic filament for transmitting the air, water and light received at hand piece interface 603 to inner cover interface 602. Body 601 is formed of a rigid or semi-rigid material, 25 such as metal, plastic or rubber, which allows body 601 to maintain a "backwards S-shaped" shape. This shape advantageously traps biological contaminants and debris which may be found in backwash and spray from the surgical field. In particular, such contaminants and debris are 30 generally trapped in region 604 immediately above the point where the slope of the S-shaped curve reverses.

11 The enclosed water path 605 is represented in FIGURE 6A by dashed lines. In region 604, the water path widens laterally and becomes thin vertically. This feature adds additional protection against the ingress of debris and 5 contaminants towards the hand piece outlets, which are particularly susceptible retain contamination. A similar shape may also be used for the air path, which is not shown in the figures for brevity and clarity. A mesh or filter 606 is provided at inner cover 10 interface 606. Filter 606 may, for example, be made of an absorbent material, such as compressed cotton, which is impregnated with an anti-biological contamination agent, such as amoxicillin. A cover 609 is included for use when air or water is not being transmitted from the hand piece. 15 Cover 609 preferably swivels between closed and open positions with respect to body 601 and may be spring-loaded such that it automatically returns to the closed position (covering inner cover interface 602) whenever pressurized air or water is not flowing outwards towards inner cover 20 aperture 118. Apertures 608a, 609a and 610a align and communicate with air outlet 112, water outlet 110 and light filament 112 of hand piece 101 and corresponding apertures 608b, 609b and 620b align and communicate with aperture 118 through inner 25 cover 102. A series of apertures 611 may optionally be provided through the sides of valve body 601 for expelling contaminants and debris, which may have accumulated in the air and or water paths, under the pressure of the flowing air or water itself. 30 Valve 600 preferably couples to inner cover 102 and hand piece 101 through a friction lock mechanism which includes at least one mail tab protrusion on one of the 12 mating components and at least one corresponding female receptacle on the other component of the mating pair. A single friction lock mechanism 612 may be used as shown in FIGURE 6B where a single protrusion or receptacle is 5 provided one each side of the corresponding interface 602/603 or a double friction lock mechanism 613 which utilizes both a protrusion and a receptacle on each side of the given interface 602 or 603. FIGURE 7A is a diagram of a bur - splash guard 700 10 assembly embodying the principles of the present invention. Assembly 700 may be used with hand piece 101 alone or in combination with inner and outer covers 102 and 300. Assembly 700 includes a bur 701 and a splash guard 702. In addition to the view of the assembly provided in FIGURE 7A, 15 side view of bur 701 is provided in FIGURE 7B and a front view of splash guard 702 is provided in FIGURE 7C. Splash guard 702 is secured to bur 701 by snapping the edge of inner aperture 703 of splash guard 702 into a V-shaped notch 704 on bur 701. In the secured 20 configuration, splash guard 702 rotates along with bur 701. The inner face of splash guard includes a plurality of fins 705 which act similar to fan blades, Fins 705 force air, liquids and solid debris away from hand piece 101. In this fashion, an accumulation of debris around the bur end of 25 hand piece 101 is minimized. FIGURE 8A is a cut-away view of an in-line air and water filter 800 which may provided internal to hand piece 101 or as part of an adapter coupling.hand piece 101 with the practitioner's conventional source of compressed air and 30 water. FIGURE 8A shows the configuration where filter 800 is disposed within an adaptor 801 at the end of an air / water hose (not shown), along with an adapter 802 for 13 coupling filter 800 with hand piece 101. Adapter 801 mates with adapter 802 with a friction lock mechanism including a male jack 803 on adapter 801 and a female receptacle 804 on adapter 802. 5 In the illustrated embodiment of filter 800, one water path 805 and one air path 806. In alternate embodiments, there may be multiple air and/or water paths, with the principles of the present applying equally as well. Water is filtered through an absorbent material 807, which may be 10 compressed cotton strips or filaments impregnated with an anti-biotic or anti-viral agent, such as amoxicillin. Preferably, material 807 is a filament type or mesh material with pores 808 which may be rectangular, circular or oval. Air passes through an absorbent material 809 such as 15 preformed cotton, which has pores smaller or much smaller pores than the filament material of the water path, as is more appropriate for filtering a gas. Although the invention has been described with reference to a specific embodiments, these descriptions are 20 not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments of the invention will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. It should be appreciated by 25 those skilled in the art that the conception and the specific embodiment disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that 30 such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

14 It is therefore, contemplated that the claims will cover any such modifications or embodiments that fall within the true scope of the invention.

Claims (22)

1. A bur assembly for use with a dental hand piece comprising: a dental bur; and a splash guard coupled to said dental bur, said splash guard comprising a first 5 ring, a second ring, and a plurality of fins extending from said first ring to said second ring, said plurality of fins configured to force liquids and debris away from said hand piece during rotation of said bur.

2. The bur assembly of claim 1 wherein said splash guard is coupled to said dental bur by snapping into a V-shaped notch formed in said bur. 10

3. A splash guard assembly for use with a dental hand piece, said splash guard assembly comprising: an inner ring defining an aperture configured to receive a dental bur; an outer band; and a plurality of fins extending from said inner ring to said outer band. is

4. The splash guard assembly of claim 3 wherein said splash guard is configured to receive the dental bur by snapping said inner ring into a V-shaped notch formed in the dental bur.

5. The splash guard assembly of claim 3 wherein said splash guard is configured to rotate along with the dental bur. 20

6. The splash guard assembly of claim 3 wherein said fins are configured to force at least one of air, liquids, and solid debris from the dental hand piece.

7. The splash guard assembly of claim 3 configured for use with inner and outer covers for the dental hand piece.

8. The splash guard assembly of claim 3 wherein said fins are configured 25 to reduce debris accumulation around the dental bur.

9. The splash guard assembly of claim 3 wherein said fins are configured to act as fan blades.

10. A method of providing a splash guard assembly for use with a dental hand piece, said method comprising: 30 providing a splash guard assembly having an inner ring and an outer band, the inner ring defining an aperture; extending a plurality of fins from the inner ring to the outer band; and engaging the inner ring with a dental bur of the dental hand piece. 16

11. The method of claim 10 wherein said engaging the inner ring with a dental bur further comprises snapping the inner ring into a V-shaped notch formed in the bur.

12. The method of claim 10 further comprising configuring the splash guard 5 to rotate along with the dental bur.

13. The method of claim 10 further comprising configuring the splash guard to force at least one of air, liquids, and solid debris from the dental hand piece.

14. The method of claim 10 further comprising configuring the splash guard for use with inner and outer covers of the dental hand piece. 10

15. The method of claim 10 further comprising configuring the fins to reduce debris accumulation around the bur.

16. The method of claim 10 further comprising configuring the fins to act as fan blades.

17. A dental hand piece comprising a splash guard assembly comprising 15 an inner ring defining an aperture configured to receive a dental bur; an outer band; and a plurality of fins extending from said inner ring to said outer band.

18. The dental hand piece of claim 17 wherein said splash guard is configured to receive the dental bur by snapping said inner ring into a V-shaped notch 20 formed in the dental bur.

19. The dental hand piece of claim 17 wherein said splash guard is configured to rotate along with the dental bur.

20. The dental hand piece of claim 17 wherein said fins are configured to force at least one of air, liquids, and solid debris from the dental hand piece. 25

21. The dental hand piece of claim 17 wherein the splash guard is configured for use with inner and outer covers for the dental hand piece.

22. The dental hand piece of claim 17 wherein said fins are configured to reduce debris accumulation around the dental bur. Dated 29 September, 2009 30 Eric V. Wade Patent Attorneys for the Applicant/Nominated Person SPRUSON & FERGUSON