AU2007202431A1 - Tissue Paper Cutting Mechanism Having Upper Knife with Variable Spiral Curve Angle and Upper Knife Structure Therefor - Google Patents

Description

P/00/011 Regulation 3.2

AUSTRALIA

Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Invention Title: Tissue Paper Cutting Mechanism Having Upper Knife With Variable Spiral Curve Angle and Upper Knife Structure Therefor The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me: t TISSUE PAPER CUTTING MECHANISM HAVING UPPER KNIFE WITH VARIABLE SSPIRAL CURVE ANGLE AND UPPER KNIFE STRUCTURE THEREFOR (Ni FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates to a knife carrier of a cutting machine, and more particularly to an upper knife with variable spiral curve angle as well as a tissue paper cutting mechanism using such upper knife. A long tape of tissue paper fed into and conveyed through the tissue paper cutting mechanism is cut by the upper knife and a cooperating bed knife roller into regular length paper pieces, which are then overlapped and folded to produce a stack of interfolded paper.

(Ni BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0002] It should be noted that reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this prior art is common general knowledge or forms part of the common general knowledge in Australia or any other country.

100031 Many different cutting techniques have been developed for cutting tissue paper.

For example, there is a conventional roller-type straight-knife cutting mechanism consisting of an inline knife and a roller. In a paper cutting operation, a long tape of paper to be cut is wound around the roller, and the roller is caused to continuously rotate while the knife reciprocates vertically corresponding to the rotating roller. When a cutting edge of the knife contacts with the roller, the paper is cut.

100041 H-lowever, during the conventional paper cutting operation, the cutting edge of the knife and the long tape of paper wound around the roller are in line contact with each other. At the instant of contact, the cutting edge of the knife bears a considerably large normal or angular contact force and therefore tends to break easily.

181564 1 10005] In the existing tissue paper cutting techniques, a cutting manner based on the shearing principle by using an upper knife and a corresponding bed knife roller has been widely employed. Most currently very common tissue paper cutting mechanisms include a one-piece oblique knife, a compound oblique knife, or a simple spiral curve knife as the upper knife thereof. When cutting paper with these types of knives, they either bear an uneven contact force or contact with the bed knife roller at multiple contact points at the same time. As a result, not only the upper knife, but also a knife carrier thereof and the bed knife roller would bear a relatively large or uneven impact at the instant of contact to become deformed or damaged and therefore have a largely reduced usable life.

10006] Fig. 1 schematically shows the motion relation between a compound oblique upper knife NI and a straight bed knife N2. As shown, the oblique upper knife NI contacts with the straight bed knife N2 at multiple contact points at the instant of cutting, and the upper knife is subjected to relatively large impact and vibration.

10007] Paper cutting mechanisms with one-piece oblique upper knife or simple spiral upper knife and straight bed knife have been developed in an attempt to overcome the drawbacks of the paper cutting mechanism with compound oblique upper knife and straight bed knife. Fig. 2 schematically shows the motion relation between a one-piece oblique or a simple spiral upper knife N3 and a straight bed knife N4. As can be seen from Fig. 2, while the oblique upper knife N3 contact with the straight bed knife N4 at only one contact point at the instant of cutting, the oblique upper knife N3 is fed at a relatively quick speed and is still subjected to a relatively large impact and vibration.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 10008] Throughout this specification, unless the context requires otherwise the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element or integer or step or group of elements or integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other element or integer or step or group of elements or integers or steps.

2 1815641 -1 [0009] It is therefore a primary object of the present invention to provide a tissue paper cutting mechanism having upper knife with variable spiral curve angle. The upper knife with variable spiral curve angle is associated with a structural surface of a knife carrier thereof in such as manner that, in the process of cutting the tissue paper, an angle contained between an axis of the upper knife and a tangential line to an outer circumferential surface of a bed knife roller cooperating with the upper knife non-linearly varies with every change of the cutting position on the upper knife.

[00010] Another object of the present invention is to provide an upper knife structure with variable spiral curve angle for a tissue paper cutting mechanism. The upper knife is associated with a structural surface of a knife carrier thereof to extend along a longitudinal axis of the knife carrier from an end to the other opposite end thereof in a spiral direction.

[000111] Compared to the conventional upper knives for the paper cutting mechanisms, the upper knife with variable spiral curve angle of the present invention is in point contact with the straight bed knife on a bed knife roller at only one contact point at the instant of cutting, and a curvilinear angle between the upper knife and the straight bed knife on the bed knife roller non-linearly varies with every change of cutting position on the upper knife. In this manner, the upper knife and the straight bed knives on the bed knife roller are always in stable point contact with one another, enabling the knives to have a prolonged usable life.

[0010] The angle contained between the axis of the upper knife and the tangential line to the outer circumferential surface of the bed knife roller non-linearly varies with every change of the cutting position on the upper knife. With the adjustment made to the spiral curve angle on the upper knife in the present invention, deformation amounts at two end points and a middle point of the upper knife will gradually become closer to one another, and the upper knife is protected against damage due to a particularly high deformation amount at a certain point that bears a force. Therefore, the upper knife may have a prolonged service life to allow increased production efficiency. In the present invention, a cutting speed at the beginning of cutting is particularly reduced to effectively soften the impact at the instant of cutting and reduce the vibration of the knife.

1815641 I S [0011] To achieve the above objects, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a tissue paper cutting mechanism having upper knife with variable spiral curve angle.

S The tissue paper cutting mechanism comprises a base, a bed knife roller rotatably mounted on the base and provided on a circumferential surface with a plurality of straight bed knives radially spaced at predetermined intervals, a knife carrier mounted on the base near the bed (,i knife roller at an axis skew angle relative to the bed knife roller, and an upper knife associated with a structural surface of the knife carrier to extend along a longitudinal axis direction of the knife carrier from an end to another opposite end thereof in a spiral direction, such that an angle contained between an axis of the upper knife and a tangential line to the circumferential surface of the bed knife roller non-linearly varies with every change of the cutting position on the upper knife.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 10012] The structure and the technical means adopted by the present invention to achieve the above and other objects can be best understood by referring to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings, wherein: [0013] Fig. 1 is a developed plan view showing the motion relation between a compound oblique upper knife and a straight bed knife in the prior art; 100141 Fig. 2 is a developed plan view showing the motion relation between a one-piece oblique or a simple spiral curve upper knife and a straight bed knife in the prior art; [0015] Fig. 3 shows the arrangement of various relevant components included in a tissue paper cutting mechanism having upper knife with variable spiral curve angle according to the present invention; [0016] Fig. 4 is a front view showing the association of an upper knife with a knife carrier thereof in the present invention; 41815641 18156411_ 10017] Fig. 5 is an end view showing the association of the upper knife with the knife carrier thereof in the present invention; [0018] Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the mounting position of the knife carrier relative to a bed knife roller in the present invention; 100191 Fig. 7 is a developed plan view showing the motion relation between the upper knife with variable spiral curve angle and a straight bed knife on the bed knife roller in the present invention; 100201 Fig. 8 is a curve diagram showing and comparing the cutting characteristics of commonly employed conventional upper knives and the upper knife of the present invention; 100211 Fig. 9 shows the upper knife of the present invention contacts at a beginning point A with a straight bed knife on the bed knife roller to start cutting; [0022] Fig. 10 is a sectional view showing a contained angle 01 between an axis of the upper knife and a tangential line to an outer circumferential surface of the bed knife roller when the upper knife contacts at the point A with the straight bed knife; 10023] Fig. 11 shows the cutting performed by the upper knife of the present invention and the straight knife on the bed knife roller has been progressed to a middle position of the upper knife as indicated by point B; [0024] Fig. 12 is a sectional view showing a contained angle 02 between the axis of the upper knife and a tangential line to the outer circumferential surface of the bed knife roller when the upper knife contacts at the point B with the straight bed knife; 100251 Fig. 13 shows the cutting performed by the upper knife of the present invention and the straight knife on the bed knife roller has been progressed to an end position of the upper knife as indicated by point C; 51815641 1815641 1 [00261 Fig. 14 is a sectional view showing a contained angle 03 between the axis of the upper knife and a tangential line to the outer circumferential surface of the bed knife roller when the upper knife contacts at the point C with the straight bed knife; [0027] Fig. 15 is a simplified view showing different contained angles between the axis of the upper knife and the tangential line to the outer circumferential surface of the bed knife roller; 10028] it is in use; 100291 is in use; Fig. 16 is a front view describing the deformed condition of the upper knife when Fig. 17 is a side view describing the deformed condition of the upper knife when it 100301 Fig. 18 is a curve diagram showing the deformation amounts at different points on the upper knife bearing a force while a variable spiral curve angle effect is ignored; [0031] Fig. 19 is a curve diagram showing the deformation amounts at different points on the upper knife bearing a force while only a variable spiral curve angle effect is taken into consideration; and 100321 Fig. 20 is a curve diagram obtained from Figs. 18 and 19 to show the total deformation amounts at different points on the upper knife bearing a force.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 10033] Please refer to Fig. 3 that shows the arrangement of various components included in a tissue paper cutting mechanism according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the tissue paper cutting mechanism of the present invention includes a base 1, on which a first and a second cutting mechanism 100, 200 are laterally symmetrically arranged. Two long tapes of tissue paper SI, S2 having a predetermined width are separately 1815641 1 fed to the two cutting mechanisms 100, 200, and are conveyed through, cut, pressed to form folds, picked, overlapped, and folded to produce a stack of interfolded paper S.

7 1815641 1 100341 The first cutting mechanism 100 includes a plurality of idlers 2, a bed knife roller 3, a knife carrier 4, an upper knife 5, a fold-forming roller 6, a packer finger 7, and a pneumatic control device 8. The bed knife roller 3 is provided on an outer circumferential surface with a plurality of straight bed knives 32 radially spaced at predetermined intervals. The bed knife roller 3 has a roller shaft 31 for rotatably mounting the bed knife roller 3 to a predetermined position on the base 1. The knife carrier 4 includes a carrier shaft 41 for mounting the knife carrier 4 on the base I at a position in the vicinity of the bed knife roller 3.

100351 The long tape of tissue paper SI is fed through the idlers 2 of the first cutting mechanism 100 and conveyed to the bed knife roller 3, which is rotated in a predetermined rotating direction. At this point, a shear contact is formed between the upper knife 5 and one of the straight bed knives 32 on the bed knife roller 3 to cut the long tape of tissue paper SI to a regular length paper piece S11, which is then conveyed to the fold-forming roller 6.

100361 Similarly, the second cutting mechanism 200 includes a plurality of idlers 2a, a bed knife roller 3a, a knife carrier 4a, an upper knife 5a, a fold-forming roller 6a, a packer finger 7a, and a pneumatic control device 8a. The bed knife roller 3a is provided on an outer circumferential surface with a plurality of straight bed knives 32a radially spaced at predetermined intervals. The bed knife roller 3a has a roller shaft 31a for rotatably mounting the bed knife roller 3a to a predetermined position on the base 1. The knife carrier 4a includes a carrier shaft 41a for mounting the knife carrier 4a on the base 1 at a position in the vicinity of the bed knife roller 3a.

[0037] The long tape of tissue paper S2 is fed through the idlers 2a of the second cutting mechanism 200 and conveyed to the bed knife roller 3a, which is rotated in a predetermined rotating direction. At this point, a shear contact is formed between the upper knife 5a and one of the straight bed knives 32a on the bed knife roller 3a to cut the long tape of tissue paper S2 to a regular length paper piece S21, which is then conveyed to the fold-forming roller 6a.

100381 The fold-forming rollers 6, 6a are provided on respective circumferential surface with fold-forming means to form folds on the paper pieces S11, S21 conveyed to the fold-forming rollers 6, 6a. The paper pieces SI1I, S21 with folds are then picked and pressed 81815641 1815641 _1

I

by the packer fingers 7, 7a, so as to be overlapped and folded along the folds to form a stack of interfolded paper S.

100391 The bed knife rollers 3, 3a and the fold-forming rollers 6, 6a are independently connected to a conventional suction unit (not shown), and have a plurality of air holes provided on the circumferential surfaces thereof. Through controlling the suction units, the long tapes of tissue paper SI, S2 and the paper pieces S11, S21 may be sucked to or released from the circumferential surfaces of the bed knife rollers 3, 3a and the fold-forming rollers 6, 6a, respectively.

100401 The pneumatic control device 8 includes an air cylinder 81 and an extension arm 82 movably connected to the knife carrier 4. Similarly, the pneumatic control device 8a includes an air cylinder 81a and an extension arm 82a movably connected to the knife carrier 4a.

When the long tape of tissue paper SI, S2 is used up, the air cylinder 81, 81a is actuated to extend or retract the extension arm 82, 82a, so as to control the knife carrier 4, 4a to turn by a predetermined angle, allowing the upper knife 5, 5a to move away from the corresponding straight bed knife 32, 32a on the bed knife roller 3. 3a to a distant position, so that an operator may introduce a new long tape of tissue paper SI, S2 into the cutting mechanism 100, 200 for use. Thereafter, the air cylinder 81, 81a may be actuated again to control the extension arm 82, 82a to turn the knife carrier 4, 4a back to an initial cutting position. That is, the knife carrier 4, 4a is approached toward the bed knife roller 3, 3a to continue the production of the interfolded paper S.

100411 Since the components of the first and the second cutting mechanism 100, 200 are identically arranged, only the first cutting mechanism 100 is further described in more details about the structure thereof. Please refer to Figs. 4 and 5 that are front and end views, respectively, showing the arrangement of the upper knife 5 on the knife carrier 4 in the present invention. As shown, the knife carrier 4 includes a knife holder 42, to which the upper knife fixedly held.

91815641 18156411_ (0042] The knife holder 42 is formed on a structural surface 43 of the knife carrier 4 to extend along a longitudinal axis direction II of the knife carrier 4 from an end 40a to another opposite end 40b thereof in a spiral direction.

100431 The upper knife 5 is held to the knife holder 42, and is therefore located on the structural surface 43 of the knife carrier 4 to extend along the longitudinal axis direction II of the knife carrier 4 from the end 40a to the opposite end 40b thereof in a spiral direction.

100441 The knife carrier 4 is also provided at predetermined positions with a knife projecting length adjusting unit 44 for adjusting the length by which the upper knife 5 is projected from the knife holder 42, a knife clamping adjusting unit 45 for adjusting the tightness by which the upper knife 5 is held to the knife holder 42, and a knife curvature adjusting unit 46 for adjusting a curvature of the upper knife 100451 Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing the mounting position of the knife carrier 4 relative to the bed knife roller 3 in the present invention. As shown, the bed knife roller 3 may be rotated in a rotating direction 12, and an axis skew angle Ox is contained between the knife carrier 4 and the bed knife roller 3.

100461 Fig. 7 is a developed plan view showing the motion relation between the upper knife 5 and the straight bed knife 32 on the bed knife roller 3 in the present invention. As shown, during a paper cutting operation on the cutting mechanism 100, the upper knife 5 is always in point contact with the straight bed knife 32 at only one single point, and a curvilinear angle between the upper knife and the straight bed knife on the bed knife roller non-linearly varies with every change of cutting position on the upper knife. In this manner, the upper knife and the straight bed knives on the bed knife roller are always in stable point contact with one another, enabling the knives to have a prolonged usable life. In the present invention, a cutting speed at the beginning of cutting is particularly reduced to effectively reduce the vibration of the knife.

100471 Fig. 8 is a curve diagram showing and comparing the cutting characteristics of some other commonly employed upper knives and the upper knife 5 of the present invention.

18156411 In the curve diagram of Fig. 8, the abscissa indicates cutting time in second (sec), and the ordinate indicates a transverse length of the upper knife in millimeter The curve XI in the diagram represents a conventional compound oblique upper knife is in contact with the straight bed knife at multiple points at the instant of cutting, and the cutting time thereof is very short, indicating that the knife must be bearing a relatively large impact and subjected to vibration at the instant of cutting. The curve X2 in the diagram represents a conventional one-piece oblique upper knife is in contact with the straight bed knife at only one single point at ¢€3 the instant of cutting, and the cutting time is still relatively short, indicating the knife is still fed at a relatively high speed, and accordingly, still subjected to a relatively large impact and vibration. The curve X3 represents the cutting characteristics of a simple spiral type upper knife. As can be seen from the curve X3 in the curve diagram of Fig. 8, a cutting time TI for the cutting from a beginning point A to a middle point B of the upper knife is almost equal to a cutting time T2 for the cutting from the middle point B to an end point C of the upper knife, indicating that the cutting is conducted at a fixed speed. And, the curve X4 represents the cutting characteristics of the upper knife 5 of the present invention. As can be seen from the curve X4 in the curve diagram of Fig. 8, the cutting time T1 for the cutting from the beginning point A to the middle point B of the upper knife 5 is far longer than the cutting time T2 for the cutting from the middle point B to the end point C of the upper knife 5, indicating that, in the present invention, the cutting speed at the beginning of cutting is particularly reduced, so as to effectively soften an instantaneous impact to the upper knife at the beginning of cutting and reduce the vibration of the upper knife. In this manner, the knife may have reduced loss to increase the service life thereof.

100481 Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing the upper knife 5 initially contacts at a beginning point A with the straight bed knife 32 on the bed knife roller 3 to start cutting. Fig.

is a sectional view showing a contained angle 01 between an axis of the upper knife 5 and a tangential line to the outer circumferential surface of the bed knife roller 3 when the upper knife initially contacts at the point A with the straight bed knife 32 on the bed knife roller 3 as shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the cutting performed by the upper knife 5 and the straight knife 32 on the bed knife roller 3 has been progressed to a middle position of the upper knife 5 indicated as point B. Fig. 12 is a sectional view showing a contained angle 02 between the axis of the upper knife 5 and a tangential line to the outer 1815641 181564!11 circumferential surface of the bed knife roller 3 when the upper knife 5 contacts at the middle point B with the straight bed knife 32 on the bed knife roller 3 as shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing the cutting performed by the upper knife 5 and the straight knife 32 on the bed knife roller 3 has been progressed to an end position of the upper knife 5 indicated as point C. And, Fig. 14 is a sectional view showing a contained angle 03 between the axis of the upper knife 5 and a tangential line to the outer circumferential surface of the bed knife roller 3 when the upper knife 5 contacts at the end point C with the straight bed knife 32 on the bed knife roller 3 as shown in Fig. 13.

[00491 It is found 01>02, 02<03, and 01=03, indicating the contained angle 0 between the axis of the upper knife 5 and the tangential line to the circumferential surface of the bed knife roller 3 varies with every change of cutting position on the upper knife 5. In other words, the contained angle 0 is non-linearly variable. Fig. 15 is a simplified view showing changes in the contained angle 0 between the axis 13 of the upper knife 5 and the tangential line 14 to the outer circumferential surface of the bed knife roller 3. As shown, with every change of the cutting position on the upper knife 5, the contained angle 0 periodically non-linearly varies from 01 to 02 and then from 02 to 03, and the variation thereof is represented as AO.

10050] Figs. 16 and 17 are front and side views, respectively, describing the deformed condition of the upper knife 5 when it is in use. Figs. 18, 19, and 20 are curve diagrams showing the deformation amounts of the upper knife 5 at different points A, B, and C thereof.

100511 Fig. 18 indicates the upper knife 5 fixed to the knife carrier 4 normally has two outer end points A and C with a somewhat weak strength; and when the upper knife 5 bears a force at the two end points A and C, the deformation amounts at points A, C are larger than the deformation amount at a middle point B when the upper knife 5 bears a force at the point B. In Fig. 18, the amounts of deformation are shown by broken lines. Please refer to Figs. 16 and 18 at the same time. The broken lines at the two end points A and C are longer, compared to the broken line at the middle point B, indicating the amounts of deformation at these two end points A, C are relatively large. In Fig. 18, AYI is a difference between the deformation amounts at the two end points A and C and the deformation amount at the middle point B.

12 1815641 1 100521 Fig. 19 indicates the contained angle between the axis 13 of the upper knife 5 and the tangential line 14 to the outer circumferential surface of the bed knife roller 3 varies with change in the cutting position on the upper knife 5. From the principle of mechanics, the larger the contained angle 0 is, the smaller an effective component of the bearing force is, and accordingly, the smaller the deformation amount of the knife is. In the present invention, the contained angles 01 and 03 at the end points A and C, respectively, are larger than the contained angle 02 at the middle point B. When concluding simply from this point, the deformation amounts at the two end points A, C are smaller, and the deformation amount at the middle point B is larger.

10053] Fig. 20 is a curve diagram showing a total effect from Figs. 18 and 19, and AY2 is a difference between the deformation amounts at the two end points A and C and the deformation amount at the middle point B. And, it is found AY2<AYI, indicating that when the angle of the spiral curve of the upper knife 5 is adjusted according to the present invention, the deformation amounts at the two end points A, C and the deformation amount at the middle point B get closer to one another. In this manner, it is possible to protect the upper knife against damage due to a particularly high deformation amount at a certain point that bears a force. Therefore, the knife may have a prolonged service life.

10054] While the present invention has been described with reference to the specific embodiments, the description is illustrative of the invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention. Therefore, various modifications to the present invention can be made to the preferred embodiments by those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

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Claims (7)

1. 2. The tissue paper cutting mechanism having upper knife with variable spiral curve angle as claimed in claim i, further comprising a plurality of idlers, via which the long tape of tissue paper is fed and conveyed through between the upper knife and the bed knife roller. 14 1815641 1
2. 3. The tissue paper cutting mechanism having upper knife with variable spiral curve angle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a fold-forming roller mounted to a position in the vicinity of the bed knife roller for forming folds on the regular length paper pieces.
3. 4. The tissue paper cutting mechanism having upper knife with variable spiral curve angle as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a pneumatic control device, which includes an air cylinder and an extension arm connected to the knife carrier; the extension arm being controlled by the pneumatic control device to extend or retract, so as to control the upper knife to move away from a corresponding one of the straight bed knives on the bed knife roller to a predetermined distant position, or to approach toward the bed knife roller. The tissue paper cutting mechanism having upper knife with variable spiral curve angle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the knife carrier is provided with a knife projecting length adjusting unit for adjusting a length of the upper knife projected from the knife carrier, a knife clamping adjusting unit for adjusting a tightness by which the upper knife is held to the knife carrier, and a knife curvature adjusting unit for adjusting a curvature of the upper knife.
4. 6. An upper knife structure with variable spiral curve angle, being mounted on a knife carrier included in a tissue paper cutting mechanism to cooperate with a straight bed knives on a bed knife roller of the tissue paper cutting mechanism to cut a long tape of tissue paper into a plurality of regular length paper pieces, comprising an upper knife located on a structural surface of the knife carrier to extend along a longitudinal axis direction of the knife carrier from an end to another opposite end thereof in a spiral direction.
5. 7. The upper knife with variable spiral curve angle as claimed in claim 6, wherein the knife carrier is provided on the structural surface with a knife holder, which is extended along the longitudinal axis direction of the knife carrier from an end to another opposite end thereof in a spiral direction, and the upper knife being held to the knife holder.
6. 8. The upper knife with variable spiral curve angle as claimed in claim 6, wherein the knife carrier is further provided with a knife projecting length adjusting unit for adjusting a 1815641 I length of the upper knife projected from the knife carrier, a knife clamping adjusting unit for adjusting a tightness by which the upper knife is held to the knife carrier, and a knife curvature adjusting unit for adjusting a curvature of the upper knife.
7. 9. A tissue paper cutting mechanism having upper knife with variable spiral curve angle for cutting a long tape of tissue paper into a plurality of regular length paper pieces, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples and/or the accompanying drawings. An upper knife structure with variable spiral curve angle, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the examples and/or the accompanying drawings. Dated this 29th day of May, 2007 Chan Li Machinery Co., Ltd by their Patent Attorney lan Stanley Rose MIDDLETONS 16 1815641 1