AU2006328013A1

AU2006328013A1 - Variable pump

Info

Publication number: AU2006328013A1
Application number: AU2006328013A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Steven John Wiggins
Original assignee: Hot Water Innovations Ltd
Current assignee: Hot Water Innovations Ltd
Priority date: 2005-12-21
Filing date: 2006-12-01
Publication date: 2007-06-28
Also published as: US20090116958A1; NZ544309A; WO2007073210A1

Description

WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 VARIABLE PUMP FIELD OF THE INVENTION 5 The present invention relates to a variable pump and a method for operating the same. In particular, but not exclusively, the present invention relates to a centrifugal pump having an interchangeable impeller and an interchangeable cutwater for varying the characteristics of the centrifugal pump. 10 BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION Centrifugal pumps are used to impart gases and liquids with an increased flow rate or pressure. Referring to Figure 1, a centrifugal pump typically comprises a pump housing 10 in which an impeller 12 is rotatably positioned. When the impeller 12 is rotated, its blades draw in gas or 15 liquid from an inlet 14. The rotation of the impeller 12 forces gases or liquids from the inlet 14 toward the volute 16, which collects and directs the gases and liquids toward the outlet 18. The volute 16 may be provided as an expanding cross sectional area that forces high-kinetic-energy water flung from 20 the periphery of the impeller to slow down as it travels around the outside of the impeller to discharge from the pump. To ensure the water does not continue rotating around with the impeller instead of being discharged, a cutwater 19 is typically formed adjacent the discharge area and close to the 25 periphery of the impeller 12. In some applications, it is desirable to provide some variability to the operation of a centrifugal pump. For example, variability may be provided in the water pressure or flow rate out of the pump. Some prior art systems therefore include the use of a variable speed motor 30 to operate the impeller. Other prior art systems provide variability to the impeller itself, for instance in terms of impeller blade contours or placement. While successful in providing some variability in pump operations, these prior art systems can be prohibitively costly.

WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 The use of a variable cutwater to provide variability in pump characteristics is described in US Patent No. 3,967,915 to Litzenberg. The cutwater in the Litzenberg patent comprises several plate portions that define a cut-out through which the impeller passes. The cutwater in the Litzenberg patent is made variable by allowing the cut-out shape to be altered to 5 accommodate different impeller sizes. In this specification, where reference has been made to patent specifications, other external documents, or other sources of information, this is generally for the purpose of providing a context for discussing the features of the invention. Unless specifically stated otherwise, 10 reference to such external documents or sources of information is not to be construed as an admission that such documents or sources of information in any jurisdiction are prior art, or form part of the common general knowledge in the art. The object of the present invention is either to provide a cost-effective and improved variable 15 pump or to at least provide the public with a useful choice. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In one aspect, the present invention broadly consists in a centrifugal pump having a pump 20 housing and an impeller, the centrifugal pump comprising one or more grooves provided in the housing adjacent the impeller, wherein the one or more grooves are adapted to removably receive a cutwater. In another aspect, the present invention broadly consists in a centrifugal pump housing to 25 receive an impeller, the pump housing including one or more grooves to removably receive a cutwater. In a further aspect, the present invention broadly consists in a centrifugal pump adapted to receive different-sized impellers, the centrifugal pump comprising a housing having one or 30 more grooves to receive a cutwater, wherein the one or more grooves are positioned such that different-sized cutwaters may be interchangeably placed adjacent the periphery of different sized impellers.

WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 Preferably the pump housing comprises two housing halves that are attached together, with grooves provided in each housing half Preferably two or more discrete grooves are provided in the pump housing. 5 Preferably a single continuous groove is provided in the pump housing. In one form, ridge like formations are provided in the continuous groove. Preferably the cutwater comprises a strip of plastic or metal. In one form, the cutwater is 10 provided in a single size from which smaller sizes may be made by machining the cutwater. Alternatively various discrete sizes may be provided. Preferably the various sizes may also be machined. Preferably the cutwater comprises a pre-curved strip of material. Alternatively the cutwater 15 comprises a flexible strip of material that can be curved for insertion into a groove. In a still further aspect, the present invention broadly consists in a method for varying the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump, the pump having an interchangeable impeller and one or more grooves to receive an interchangeable cutwater, the method comprising the 20 steps of: selecting an impeller having one or more desired characteristics; selecting a cutwater for use with the selected impeller; and installing the selected impeller and cutwater into the centrifugal pump. Preferably the step of selecting an impeller comprises selecting an impeller with a desired 25 diameter. Preferably the step of selecting an impeller comprises selecting an impeller with a desired contour. 30 Preferably the method further comprises the step of machining the selected cutwater to better suit the selected impeller before the step of installing the cutwater into the centrifugal pump.

WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 Preferably the method further comprises the steps of: removing the selected cutwater from the pump; machining the selected cutwater to better suit the selected impeller; and installing the machined cutwater into the centrifugal pump. 5 Preferably the method further comprises the steps of: removing the selected cutwater from the pump; selecting a replacement cutwater; and installing the replacement cutwater into the centrifugal pump. In a still further aspect, the present invention broadly consists in a method for varying the 10 operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump, the pump having an interchangeable impeller and a housing provided with one or more grooves to receive an interchangeable cutwater, the method comprising the steps of: disassembling the pump so as to gain access to the impeller and cutwater; removing the cutwater from the one or more grooves; 15 machining or replacing the cutwater; inserting the cutwater into the one or more grooves after being machined or replaced; and reassembling the pump. 20 Preferably the method further comprises the steps of: removing the impeller; machining or replacing the impeller; and inserting the impeller into the pump after being machined or replaced. The term 'comprising' as used in this specification means 'consisting at least in part of, that is 25 to say when interpreting statements in this specification which include that term, the features, prefaced by that term in each statement, all need to be present but other features can also be present. This invention may also be said broadly to consist in the parts, elements and features referred 30 to or indicated in the specification of the application, individually or collectively, and any or all combinations of any two or more said parts, elements or features. Where specific integers are mentioned herein which have known equivalents in the art to which this invention relates, such known equivalents are deemed to be incorporated herein as if individually set forth.

WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Preferred forms of the apparatus and method of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures in which: 5 Figure 1 shows a cutaway view of a prior art centrifugal pump; Figures 2 and 3 show perspective views of one form of the variable pump; 10 Figure 4 shows the variable pump of Figures 2 and 3 connected to a motor; and Figures 5 and 6 show the variable pump in use with different-sized impellers and cutwaters. 15 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED FORMS Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the preferred form of the variable pump of the present invention is shown generally as 20. The variable pump 20 comprises two housing halves or casings, a front casing 22 and a back casing 24. When assembled, the front casing 22 and back casing 24 20 define an interior space in which a removable impeller 26 and a removable cutwater 28 are placed. The impeller 26 is received in the pump in any conventional manner, provided it is removable. The cutwater 28 is received in grooves provided in the two housing halves. An example 25 groove is indicated as 29 in the back casing 24 in Figure 2. A mirrored groove is preferably provided in the front casing 22 so that when the pump is assembled, the cutwater 28 will be firmly secured between the two housing halves. Figure 3 shows an example mirrored groove 39 in the front casing 22. 30 The cutwater 28 is preferably a strip of metal or plastic. A wide range of fixed cutwater sizes may be provided for interchangeable use in the variable pump 20. Alternatively, the cutwater 28 may be provided in a limited size range or a single size that can be machined to a specific smaller size.

WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 The cutwater 28 may be made flexible to allow the cutwater to be bent to conform to a curved groove. Alternatively, the cutwater 28 may be pre-curved or permanently curved to suit a curved groove. 5 Referring to Figure 4, one form of the variable pump of the present invention is shown. The variable pump of Figures 2 and 3 is shown assembled and is indicated generally as 40. A motor 42 is shown coupled to the variable pump 40. As outlined earlier, the motor 42 is used to rotate the pump impeller when the pump is in use. 10 In one preferred form of assembly, clips or clamps are provided around the periphery of the pump housing to securely couple the two housing halves together. In an alternative form the pump housing halves are attached together using a combination of nuts, bolts and washers. This alternative form of the assembly is shown in Figure 4, with nuts 44, bolts 46 and washers 48. Although a specific arrangement of the assembly is shown, persons skilled in the art will 15 appreciate that the assembly may be made in numerous others ways. The operation of the variable pump assembly of Figure 4 will now be described. Firstly, the variable pump is coupled to a water source via an inlet 47, and the motor 42 is connected to a power source. When powered, the motor rotates the impeller, which in turn draws water into 20 the variable pump through the inlet 47. The impeller, as described earlier, imparts a circular motion and pressure to the water before expelling the water from an outlet 49. One variability in the variable pump of the present invention is the interchangability of the impeller. In one form, the variable pump allows the use of impellers of differing diameters. 25 Given that impellers with different diameters produce different flow rates and water pressures, the interchangability of the impeller allows the variable pump to be tailored to suit a range of applications. For example, if the variable pump is desired to supply water to a household in a neighbourhood with a generally low mains water pressure, a large diameter impeller may be used to provide both high flow rate and high water pressure to the household. 30 WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 An example of three different sizes of impellers and their respective operating characteristics are shown below in Table 1. I Flow (L/min) Pressure (1PA) Impeller lO2min 0 106.4 32 96.5 68 79.7 120 34.7 Impeller 118mm 0 155.2 40 142.4 78 126.4 Impeller 148mm 151 53.1 0 243.2 25 235.2 56 218.6 172 63.3 5 Table 1: Operating Characteristics of Three Example Impeller Diameters When the impeller of the variable pump is changed, the cutwater in the variable pump should also be changed. As noted earlier, the cutwater functions to divert water from the impeller to the discharge or the outlet. 10 It is important for the cutwater to remain close to the periphery of the impeller to effectively divert the water. If the impeller is changed to a lower diameter impeller with no change in cutwater, the cutwater will no longer be in close proximity to the periphery of the impeller, and the operating characteristics of the pump will be adversely affected. If the impeller is 15 changed to a large diameter impeller with no change in cutwater, the rotating impeller may come into contact with the cutwater, causing damage to the impeller, cutwater and the housing. The present invention addresses the above by providing a removable cutwater in the variable 20 pump. As noted earlier, the cutwater is placed in grooves in the pump housing halves. Referring to Figures 2 and 3, the grooves are shown as two discrete grooves on each pump housing half. Of course more discrete grooves may be provided, if desired.

WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 In one form, various sizes of cutwaters can be interchangeably fitted into one or more of the discrete grooves. For instance, if a large diameter impeller is used, a cutwater may be placed in an outer discrete groove. If a small diameter impeller is used, the cutwater may be placed in an inner discrete groove, or alternatively, in both inner and outer discrete grooves. In the 5 form shown in Figures 2 and 3, the cutwater is provided with one or more slots to allow the cutwater to be securely inserted into the two discrete grooves. The specific position of the discrete grooves will depend on the variable pump application and the range of impellers that are to be used in the pump. Skilled persons will appreciate that the 10 groove arrangement can be modified to suit the variable pump and impeller range. As an alternative to discrete grooves, a single continuous groove may be provided in the pump housing. The continuous groove may securely receive fixed-length edges of a cutwater. The variability of the cutwater in this embodiment will be in the variability of the material between 15 the fixed-length edges of the cutwater. In one embodiment, ridge-like formations are preferably provided in the continuous groove. The provision of ridge-like formations allows the use of cutwaters that comprise a simple length of material, without any fixed-length edges. The ridge-like formations serve to prevent 20 any cutwater that is shorter than the groove length from moving within the continuous groove. As with the groove design, the ridge-like formations may be tailored to suit the application of the variable pump and the range of impellers that may operate in the pump. The use of the variable pump of the present invention with different-sized impellers will now 25 be described with reference to Figures 5 and 6. In Figure 5, a large diameter impeller 50 is used in the variable pump 51. Referring to Table 1, the impeller 50 may have a diameter of 148 mm. To prevent the cutwater from coming into contact with the large impeller 50, while still maintaining proximity with the periphery of the impeller 50, a short length of cutwater 52 is used. 30 In Figure 6, a small size impeller 60 is provided in the variable pump 61. Referring to Table 1, the small size impeller may have a diameter of 102 mm. With the small size impeller 60, a long cutwater 62 is used. The short cutwater 52 of Figure 5 is not used with the small size WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 impeller 60 because the short cutwater 52 will not be in sufficiently close proximity to the impeller periphery. The ease with which the characteristics of the preferred form pump may be varied and 5 maintained will now be explained. In terms of varying the pump characteristics, a skilled technician may first determine the pump characteristics that are desired, such as a certain water flow rate and/or pressure. Based on the desired characteristics, the skilled technician then selects an impeller that will provide the desired characteristics. The technician then notes the impeller size or contour, and selects an appropriate cutwater. This may be done via a 10 printed chart or table, or a computer program. Once the technician has chosen the impeller and the cutwater to suit, the technician installs the same into the centrifugal pump housing, and begins operating the pump. Where only a fixed sized cutwater is available, or where the cutwater size does not meet the 15 technician's requirements, the technician can easily machine the cutwater to a suitable size. Where better suited replacement cutwaters are available, the technician may opt to simply replace the cutwater. In terms of maintenance, a skilled technician first disassembles or opens the pump housing to 20 access the impeller and cutwater. If servicing is required for the cutwater, the technician removes the cutwater and either machines or replaces the cutwater, depending on the state of the cutwater and the purpose of servicing the pump. Once the cutwater is machined or replaced, the technician installs the cutwater and reassembles or closes the pump housing. The above maintenance process also applies to servicing impellers in the preferred form 25 variable pump, or changing impellers to vary the pump performance characteristics such as water flow rate and/or pressure. In addition to the ease with which the characteristics of the variable pump may be varied, the present invention also provides the benefit of a cost-effective solution to the variability of 30 centrifugal pumps. The cost-effectiveness of the present invention stems from the simple yet robust design of the pump housing and cutwater.

WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 The foregoing describes the invention including preferred forms thereof. Alterations and modifications as will be obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be incorporated within the scope hereof For example, although the interchangability of the cutwater has been described with reference to different impeller diameters, the interchangability of the cutwater 5 may also be based on different impeller blade contours. Also, while specific shapes and placements of the interchangeable cutwater have been illustrated, persons skilled in the art will appreciate the numerous other cutwater shapes and placements that may be employed instead.

Claims

1. A centrifugal pump having a pump housing and an impeller, the centrifugal pump 5 comprising one or more grooves provided in the housing adjacent the impeller, wherein the one or more grooves are adapted to removably receive a cutwater.

2. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pump housing comprises two housing halves that are attached together, with grooves provided in each housing half. 10

3. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein two or more discrete grooves are provided in the pump housing.

4. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein a single continuous groove is 15 provided in the pump housing.

5. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 4 wherein ridge-like formations are provided in the continuous groove. 20

6. The centrifugal pump as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the cutwater comprises a strip of plastic or metal.

7. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 6 wherein the cutwater is provided in a single size from which smaller sizes may be made by machining the cutwater. 25

8. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 6 wherein the cutwater is provided in various discrete sizes.

9. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 8 wherein the various sizes may be machined 30 to a specific size.

10. The centrifugal pump as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the cutwater comprises a pre-curved strip of material. WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313

11. The centrifugal pump as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the cutwater comprises a flexible strip of material that can be curved for insertion into the one or more grooves. 5

12. A centrifugal pump housing to receive an impeller, the pump housing including one or more grooves to removably receive a cutwater.

13. A centrifugal pump adapted to receive different-sized impellers, the centrifugal pump comprising a housing having one or more grooves to receive a cutwater, wherein the one or 10 more grooves are positioned such that different-sized cutwaters may be interchangeably placed adjacent the periphery of different-sized impellers.

14. A method for varying the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump, the pump having an interchangeable impeller and one or more grooves to receive an interchangeable 15 cutwater, the method comprising the steps of: selecting an impeller having one or more desired characteristics, selecting a cutwater for use with the selected impeller, and installing the selected impeller and cutwater into the centrifugal pump. 20

15. The method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the step of selecting an impeller comprises selecting an impeller with a desired diameter.

16. The method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the step of selecting an impeller comprises selecting an impeller with a desired contour. 25

17. The method as claimed in claim 14 further comprising the step of machining the selected cutwater to better suit the selected impeller before the step of installing the cutwater into the centrifugal pump. 30

18. The method as claimed in claim 14 or 17 further comprising the steps of: removing the selected cutwater from the pump, machining the selected cutwater to better suit the selected impeller, and installing the machined cutwater into the centrifugal pump. WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313

19. The method as claimed in claim 14 or 17 further comprising the steps of: removing the selected cutwater from the pump, selecting a replacement cutwater, and installing the replacement cutwater into the centrifugal pump. 5

20. A method for varying the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump, the pump having an interchangeable impeller and a housing provided with one or more grooves to receive an interchangeable cutwater, the method comprising the steps of: disassembling the pump so as to gain access to the impeller and cutwater, 10 removing the cutwater from the one or more grooves, machining or replacing the cutwater, inserting the machined or replacement cutwater into the one or more grooves, and reassembling the pump. 15

21. The method as claimed in claim 20 further comprising the steps of: removing the impeller, machining or replacing the impeller, and inserting the machined or replacement impeller into the pump. 20

22. A centrifugal pump substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Figures 2 to 6.

23. A method for varying the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Figures 2 to 6. 25 WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 27 March 2007 1. A centrifugal pump having a pump housing and an impeller, the centrifugal pump 5 comprising one or more grooves provided in the housing adjacent the impeller to removably receive a cutwater, wherein the one ot mote grooves are adapted to interchangeably receive different-sized cutwaters. 2. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pump housing comprises two 10 housing halves that are attached together, with grooves provided in each housing half. 3. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim I or 2 wherein two or more discrete grooves are provided in the pump housing. 15 4. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 1 or 2 wherein a single continuous groove is provided in the pump housing. 5. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 4 wherein ridge-like formations are provided in the continuous groove, 20 6. The centrifugal pump as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the cutwater comprises a strip of plastic or metal. 7. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 6 wherein the cutwarer is provided in a 25 single size from which smaller sizes may be made by machining the cutwater. 8. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 6 whcrein the cutwater is provided in various discrete sizes. 30 9. The centrifugal pump as claimed in claim 8 wherein the various sizes may be machined to a specific size. 10. The centrifugal pump as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the cutwater comprises a pre-cuved strip of material. 35 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 14 WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 11. The centrifugal pump as claimed in any one of claims I to 5 wherein the cutwater comprises a flexible strip of material that can be curved for insertion into the one or more grooves. 5 12. A centrifugal pump housing to receive an impeller, the pump housing including one or more grooves to removably receive a cutwater, wherein the one or more grooves are adapted to interchangeably receive different-sized cutvaters. 13. A centrifugal pump adapted to receive different-sizcd impellers, the centrifugal pump 10 comprising a housing having one or more grooves to receive a cutwater, wherein the one or more grooves are positioned such that different-sized cutwaters may be interchangeably placed adjacent the periphery of different-sized impellers. 14. A method for varying the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump, the pump 15 having an interchangeable impeller and one or more grooves to interchangeably receive different-sized curwaters, the method comprising the steps of: selecting an impeller having one or more desired characteristics, selecting a cutwater for use with the selected impeller, and installing the selected impeller and cutwarer into the centrifugal pump, 20 1$. The method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the step of selecting an impeller comprises selecting an impeller with a desired diameter. 16. The method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the step of selecting an impellcr comprises 25 selecting an impeller with a desired contour. 17. The method as claimed in claim 14 further comprising the step of machining the selected cutwater to better suit the selected impeller before the step of installing the cutwarer into the centrifugal pump. 30 18. The method as claimed in claim 14 or 17 further comprising the steps of: retnoving the selected cutwater from the pump, machining the selected cutwater to better suit the selected impeller, and installing the machined cutwater into the centrifugal pump. AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 15 WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 19. The method as claimed in claim 14 or 17 further comprising the steps of; removing the selected cutwater from the pump, selecting a replacement cutwater, and 5 installing the replacement cutwater into the centrifugal pump. 20. A method for varying the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump, the pump having an interchangeable impeller and a housing provided with one or more grooves to interchangeably receive different-sized cutwaters, the method comprising the steps of: 10 disassembling the pump so as to gain access to the irmpeler and cutwater, removing the cutwater from the one or mote grooves, machining or replacing the cutwater, inserting the machined or replacement cutwater into the one or more grooves, and reassembling the pump. 15 21. The method as claimed in claim 20 further comprising the steps of: removing the impeller, machining or replacing the impeller, and inserting the machined or replacement impeller into the pump. 20 22. A centrifugal pump substantially as herein described with reference to any one of Figures 2 to 6. 23. A method for varying the operating characteristics of a centrifugal pump substantially 25 as herein described with reference to any one of Figures 2 to 6. 30 AMENDED SHEET (ARTICLE 19) 16 WO 2007/073210 PCT/NZ2006/000313 STATEMENT UNDER ARTICLE 19 (1) The claims have been amended to distinguish the present invention from that of the UK patent GB 2,062,102. The amendments specify that the one or mote grooves are adapted to interchangeably receive different-sized cutwaters. Support for this amendment can be found in at least page 8 of the specification and original claims 14 and 20. It is submitted that the UK patent does not disclose, amongst others, the present invention's feature of one or more grooves being adapted to interchangeably receive different-sized cutwaters. The present invention's claims as amended ate therefore novel over the UK patent. The groove and cutwater of the UK patent are most clearly visible in Figures 4a and 4d of the patent, which ate provided below. The groove is labelled G and the cutwater is labelled 26, 423 70 G It should be noted that the groove G is dimensioned to receive the specific shape of the cutwater 26. In page 4 of the UK patent's specification, the cutwater 26 is described as being an additional insert for the pump housing. There is, however, no description in the specification of any adaptation of the groove to receive different-sihed cutwaters. To the contrary, the specification shows a groove being provided to receive only a single size and shape of cutwater. There is also no implicit disclosure or suggestion in the UK patent of a groove being adapted to receive cutwaters of different sizes. A skilled person reading the patent will be aware that the groove G has been provided as a result of the pump of the patent having a 'split volute configuration". In page 4 lines 87 to 91, the patent makes it clear that the purpose of providing a split volute configntation is to allow access to the volute interior and to provide open surfaces for surface tratment, such as optional tungsten carbide hardfacing. The split volute configuration is not, however, provided for adjustability of the pump characteristics. This means that the groove G will always be arranged to receive the specific cutwater 26. Without the benefit of hindsight and knowledge gained ftom the present apphcation, there would be no reason for the patentee to envisage, or a skilled person to read into the disclosure of the UK patent, a groove adapted to receive different-sized cutwaters. For at least this reason, the claims as amended are also inventive over the UK patent, 17