AU2006236080A1 - Health chew toy - Google Patents
Health chew toy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2006236080A1 AU2006236080A1 AU2006236080A AU2006236080A AU2006236080A1 AU 2006236080 A1 AU2006236080 A1 AU 2006236080A1 AU 2006236080 A AU2006236080 A AU 2006236080A AU 2006236080 A AU2006236080 A AU 2006236080A AU 2006236080 A1 AU2006236080 A1 AU 2006236080A1
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- animal chew
- chew toy
- animal
- mixtures
- toy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 235000009108 Urtica dioica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017537 Vaccinium myrtillus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000078534 Vaccinium myrtillus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000071378 Viburnum opulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000063464 Vitex agnus-castus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011399 aloe vera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010003246 arthritis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000006533 astragalus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037208 balanced nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019046 balanced nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005301 cimicifuga racemosa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000009588 dong quai Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008384 feverfew Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000008397 ginger Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002302 glucosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005679 goldenseal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940087603 grape seed extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000002532 grape seed extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009569 green tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007407 health benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003906 humectant Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940010454 licorice Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001071 malnutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000000824 malnutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940029985 mineral supplement Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020786 mineral supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002417 nutraceutical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020939 nutritional additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000015380 nutritional deficiency disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000019180 nutritional disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000019895 oat fiber Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015136 pumpkin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013526 red clover Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010018 saw palmetto extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000004233 talus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000003563 vegetarian diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019195 vitamin supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001717 vitis vinifera seed extract Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K15/00—Devices for taming animals, e.g. nose-rings or hobbles; Devices for overturning animals in general; Training or exercising equipment; Covering boxes
- A01K15/02—Training or exercising equipment, e.g. mazes or labyrinths for animals ; Electric shock devices ; Toys specially adapted for animals
- A01K15/025—Toys specially adapted for animals
- A01K15/026—Chewable toys, e.g. for dental care of pets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
- A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
- A23G3/36—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G3/362—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
- A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
- A23G3/36—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G3/364—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing microorganisms or enzymes; containing paramedical or dietetical agents, e.g. vitamins
- A23G3/368—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing microorganisms or enzymes; containing paramedical or dietetical agents, e.g. vitamins containing vitamins, antibiotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
- A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
- A23G3/36—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G3/48—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds containing plants or parts thereof, e.g. fruits, seeds, extracts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
- A23K50/42—Dry feed
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Description
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1 HEALTH CHEW TOY 2 Z 3 FIELD OF THE INVENTION 4 The present invention relates to animal chews for dogs, cats and other related animals, and more particularly, to a molded, completely digestible, nutritious animal oC 6 chew, which is uniquely enriched with vitamins, minerals and/or herb additives to -O 7 facilitate the delivery of such ingredients to the animal through the chewing process.
8 Such additives may be incorporated within starch, casein, protein/colloids and various 9 other polymer resins.
11 In the specification the term "comprising" shall be understood to have a broad 12 meaning similar to the term "including" and will be understood to imply the inclusion of a 13 stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or 14 step or group of integers or steps. This definition also applies to variations on the term "comprising" such as "comprise" and "comprises".
16 17 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 18 A variety of disclosures exist pertaining to the development of edible dog chews that 19 are digestible, nutritious along with a texture that can be individually adjusted to suit a wide variety of a dog's preferences or needs. Attention is therefore directed to the following 21 exemplary disclosures: U.S. Patent Nos. 6,180,161 "Heat Modifiable Edible Dog Chew; 22 6,159,516 "Method of Molding Edible Starch; 6,126,978 "Edible Dog Chew"; 6,110,521 23 "Wheat and Casein Dog Chew with Modifiable Texture"; 6,093,441 "Heat Modifiable 24 Peanut Dog Chew"; 6,093,427 "Vegetable Based Dog Chew", 6,086,940 "High Starch Content Dog Chew'; 6,067,941 "Animal Chew"; 6,056,991 "Turkey and Rice Dog 26 Chew Wit Modifiable Texture"; 5,941,197 "Carrot Based Dog Chew"; 5,827,565 27 'Process for Making an Edible Dog Chew"; 5,339,771 "Animal Chew Toy Containing 28 Animal Meal; 5,240,720 "Dog Chew with Modifiable Texture"; 5,200,212 "Dog Chew 29 with Modifiable Texture". Attention is also directed to U.S. Patent No. 6,165,474 entitled "Application for Patent for Nutriceutical Toy" and U.S. Patent No. 5,419,283 31 entitled "Animal Chew Toy of Starch Material and Degradable Ethylene Copolymer".
32
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c-I 1 While the above certainly contribute to the body of chew products available to 2 an animal, there is nonetheless a need to improve on the above, particularly with Z 3 respect to the delivery of vitamins and/or minerals and/or herbs to the animal to ensure 4 complete and balanced nutrition.
oo 6 In that context it is worth nothing that although nutritional diseases are not NO 7 commonly seen in dogs and cats fed good-quality commercial rations, there still exists 8 a need to make certain that such animals are provided with the appropriate overall 0 9 vitamin and mineral supplements to insure proper health. For example, even with certain commercial rations, dogs may suffer from arthritis, in which case a glucosamine 11 supplement may be useful. Furthermore, there have been reports of malnutrition in 12 dogs and cats fed "natural", "organic" or "vegetarian diets developed by their owners, 13 and many published recipes have not been properly balanced using nutrient averages.
14 See, The Merck Veterinary Manual, Eight Edition, Merck Co. 1998, at 1624-16-43.
16 In addition, herbs have been more recently relied upon by humans as a dietary 17 supplement to potentially provide health benefits such as lowering stress, fighting 18 disease and bolstering immunity. To therefore advance health care for animals, there is 19 a need to consider such herbs in a form that is enjoyable for pets to ingest 21 Clearly it would be advantageous if a molded chew toy for an animal could be 22 devised that, apart from providing edible and digestible characteristics, is enriched 23 with vitamins/minerals and/or herbs to assist in meeting the animal's nutritional needs.
24 In it would also be advantageous if the vitamins/minerals and or other types of herbs in the chew toy could be strategically incorporated at those locations that are more commonly 26 chewed upon by the animal in the course of the animal's interaction with the chew toy.
27 28 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 29 A vitamin and/or mineral and/or herbal enriched molded animal chew toy is provided. The vitamins, minerals and/or herbal additives are incorporated into the 31 molded chew toy under conditions that minimize thermal degradation of such 2
NO
S1 additives. The chew toy may be formed by combining resin, water and one or a 2 plurality of said vitamins and/or minerals and/or herbs to form a mixture. The resin Z 3 includes any and all resins that can be made to flow under conditions of elevated 4 temperature and can be molded and cooled into a desired shape. Resins therefore include natural and/or synthetic macromolecules or polymeric type structures, 00 6 including starch, casein, denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen, thermoplastic S7 polymers, and mixtures thereof 8
INO
9 In an other aspect, the present invention also broadly relates to an animal chew toy comprising denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen. Such chew may optionally 11 include a mixture of said denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen with either casein, 12 starch, vegetable matter, rawhide, peanut bits/flour, animal meal and/or any other 13 thermoplastic resin. All of the chew toys herein may optionally include flavorings or 14 food coloring.
16 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 17 The present invention relates to the development of a molded resin based edible 18 chew toy for an animal that is enriched with vitamins/minerals and/or herbs to 19 contribute to the overall nutritional needs/requirements of an animal.
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z 1. Turning first then to the resin component, preferably, the resin is selected from 3 2 the group consisting of starch, casein, denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen, 3 thermoplastic polymers and mixtures thereof. Thermoplastic polymers include polymers 00 C 4 such as polyamides and polyurethanes, as well as ethylene copolymers, such as poly(ethylene acrylic acid) and poly(ethylene vinyl alcohol).
6 By way of representative example, in the case of starch, the process herein 6 By way of representative example, in the case of starch, the process herein 7 relies upon combining starch with water to form a mixture such that the mixture is 8 suitable for melt processing techniques. In that regard, attention is directed at commonly 9 owned U.S. Patent No. 6,159,516, whose teachings are incorporated by reference, which discloses a preferred process for forming starch into the molded article herein. The 11 process makes use of melt processing techniques and comprises combining starch and 12 water wherein the water content is in the range of 20.0 to 40.0% by weight with respect 13 to that of said starch, introducing and heating said mixture in an extruder wherein the 14 water content of said product upon discharge from said extruder is less than the water content of said product entering said extruder, and introducing the product to a heated 16 injection molding machine and injection molding and cooling to form said molded article 17 wherein the water content is at or below 20% by weight.
18 Accordingly in connection with the above preferred process, the vitamins, 19 minerals and/or herbs can be added with the starch and water prior to extrusion, or may optionally be combined with the starch at that point wherein the starch is to be introduced 21 into the injection molding machine for molding. It is therefore worth noting that in the 22 context of the present invention, it has been uniquely appreciated that the vitamins, 23 minerals and/or herb additives herein can be injection molded in the starch/water mixture
IND
0O Z I without thermal degradation of such additives which degradation may attenuate or 2 eliminate their therapeutic effect. In the context of the present invention, it is therefore 3 preferable that at least some portion of the additives remain non-degraded. Those skilled 0 4 in the art will therefore recognize, that in the case of the additives herein, levels as low as \0 CNi 5 50 ppm would be suitable.
0 6 More preferably however, at least 0.1-50% of the additives remain non-degraded, C-i 7 most preferably at least 75%, even more preferably at least 80-90%, and in the most 8 preferred embodiment, over 90% of the additives are not thermally degraded by the 9 molding process. This approach then allows such additives to be uniquely distributed in 0 the molded chew toy of the present invention and in a preserved state such that their 11 nutritional or therapeutic value is maintained.
12 Accordingly, by incorporating the aforementioned additives in a starch/water 13 combination, the invention herein expands upon the use of water to promote melt mixing 14 of such additives with the starch without thermal degradation during plastication (softening for use in a melt-processing operation) in either the extrusion or injection 16 molding equipment. Those skilled in the art will therefore recognize that the amount of 17 water can be readily varied as may be necessary to allow for lower melt processing 18 temperatures to insure against additive (vitamin, mineral, herb) thermal degradation.
19 Preferably, however, the level of water upon introduction to the extruder is set at about 20-40% by weight with respect to that of the starch, which emerges from the extruder at a 21 level of about 15-20%, at which point the extrudate is in condition for the last step of 22 injection molding. Following injection molding, the water level may be set to about
O
1 20% by weight, and more preferably, 5-15%, and in a most preferred embodiment, the 3 2 water level of the molded product is set to about 11-14%.
3 Preferably, the molded chew toy of the present invention contains one or more of 00 4 those vitamins recommended for dogs by the American Association of Feed Control r 5 Officials (AAFCO). In the case of dogs, vitamins may comprise A, C, B2, D, E, O 6 thiamine, riboflavin, panthothenic acid, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid and choline. In the 7 case of cats, the vitamins may comprise vitamins A, C, B 2 D, E, and K, thiamine, 8 riboflavin, pyridoxine, niacin, panthothenic acid, folic acid, biotin and choline.
9 In addition, the molded chew toy of the present invention also comprises minerals. In the case of dogs, the preferred minerals are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, 11 sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium.
12 However, it is to be noted that other trace minerals have been suggested, such as Co, Mo, 13 Cd, As, Si, V, Ni, Pb and Sn. Furthermore, minerals such as potassium, calcium, 14 phosphorous and magnesium are required in gram amounts/day, whereas iron, zinc, copper, iodine, and selenium are only required in mg or gg/day. The chew toy herein can 16 therefore be modified to reflect a higher or lower concentration of a given mineral, 17 according to nutritional requirements.
18 Turning next to the herbal component, the herbs herein are preferably selected 19 from the group consisting of St. Johns Wort, Kava Kava, Ginkgo Biloba, Ginseng (Asian or Siberian varieties), Echinacea and mixtures thereof. Other herbs include Catsclaw, 21 Camomile, Golden Seal, Saw Palmetto, Valerina, V. Agnus-Castus, Black Cohosh, 22 Bilberry and Milk Thistle. Herbs may also include aloe, astragalus, burdock, chaomile, 23 chestnut, coriolus, versicolor, couchgrass, crampbark, dandelion root, dong quai,
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0 elecampane, evening primrose, eyebright, false unicorm root, feverfew, garlic ginger, goldenseal, gota kola, grape seed extract, green tea, guggulipid, hawthorn, hops, ivy, licorice, milk thistle, misteltoes (American Asian and European varieties), motherwort,
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00 oats, osha, passion flower, pumpkin pygeum, red clover, rosemary, sarsparilla, skullcap, m i saw plametto, stinging nettle, wild indigo, wild yam and yerba mansa. In addition, t\l 0) glucosamines and/or chondroiton can be added to any of the embodiments described 0 7 herein.
3 Turning next to a consideration of the incorporation of the vitamins/minerals and/or herb additives of the present invention, it is preferable that such additives are incorporated at the surface of the molded part, so that they are delivered to the animal 1 prior to the animal's loss of interest in the chew toy at issue. In such regard, the present 2 invention contemplates several methods to selectively locate such additives at the surface 3 of the molded product. First, such additives may be selectively concentrated, at the 4 surface by a post-molding operation wherein the additives are incorporated into a soaking solution and are allowed to coat and/or penetrate the molded chew toy. Preferably, a 16 water solution containing the vitamins/minerals and/or herbs can be employed.
17 Alternatively, the present invention contemplates the process of co-injection 18 molding, which allows multiple resins to be injected into one mold to make a single chew 19 toy. In that regard, a starch formulation without vitamins/minerals and/or herbs may serve as the core of the chew toy and a starch formulation with said vitamins/minerals 21 and/or herbs may serve as the outer molded surface. The thickness of either the core or 22 surface can then be varied according to any desired level.
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1 With reference to such technique of co-injection, it can be appreciated that this 2 uniquely allows for the injection molding of the starch outer layer with additive (vitamin, 3 mineral, herb) under conditions wherein the water level may be higher than that of the 00 C) core. For example, the outer layer formulation may comprise water levels, prior to injection molding of between 10-20%, preferably 15-20%, wherein the starch/water S6 mixture for the core is made to contain water levels that are lower than any level selected 7 for the outer layer. However, one preferred example is to injection mold the outer layer 8 at a level of between 15-20% water, whereas the inner core is injection molded at levels 9 between 10-15%.
0 In addition, when the chew toy of the present invention is in the shape of a 1 conventional dog bone, comprising a center and two end portions, those skilled in the art 2 will recognize that dogs typically chew the end or "knuckle" portion of the bone. That 3 being the case, the invention herein contemplates selectively concentrating the 4 vitamins/minerals and/or herbs at the end portion to insure the most efficient delivery of the nutrients to a given animal. This can be preferably accomplished by co-injection or 16 by a the aforementioned post-molding soaking process.
17 In one particularly preferred process of manufacturing the animal chew toy 18 herein, starch and water are first combined wherein the water content is in the range of 19 to about 40% by weight with respect to that of said starch. The mixture is introduced into a vented barrel extruder to form extruded beads, wherein the water content upon 21 discharge is less than the water content of said mixture entering the extruder. The is 22 followed by introduction of the extruded beads to a heated injection molding machine 23 containing a mold and injection molding and cooling to form the molded article wherein 0O the water content of the molded article is at or below about 20% by weight, wherein the $3 injection molding machine contains a hopper feed section, a barrel and an output nozzle, including a plurality of heating zones in said barrel extending from said hopper section to 00 C) said nozzle, wherein said plurality of heating zones are set within the following temperature ranges: zone 1 at or below about 70 0 F; zone 2 at or below 150°F; zone 3 at or below about 300 0 F; zone 4 at or below about 375 0 F. Preferably, the mold itself 7 is cooled to about 35-65 0
F.
3 In connection with the above, it should be pointed out that the above temperature profile is most conveniently achieved by the use of cooling coils placed about the barrel 3 of the injection molding machine, where such coils comprise copper cooling coils with 1 circulating water. The advantage of such unique temperature profile, therefore, is that 2 thermal degradation of the starch and the nutritional additives noted herein is minimized.
3 Finally, optional to the present invention, one may incorporate other types of 4 components to the chew toy to increase the animal's attraction and/or improve the cosmetic appearance of the molded product. For example, one may optionally 16 incorporate flavorings at a level of 0.1-5% as well as a food coloring. In addition, one 17 may optionally incorporate calcium carbonate which has been found to increase the 18 hardness of the products produced therefrom. In addition, one may optionally 19 incorporate a humectant such as oat fiber, in the range of 0.1-5.0%.
In alternative invention, the present invention also relates to a chew comprising 21 denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen. Those skilled in the art will therefore 22 recognize that collagen comprises the basic structural unit tropocollagen, which has a 23 mass of about 285 kdal and consists of three polypeptide chains of about the same size.
(O
1 Such chain is comprised of the amino acids glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and c 2 hydroxylysine. The chain composition can depend upon on the type of collagen, i.e., 3 whether or not it is derived from, skin or cartilage. Any type of collagen source is 0 0 4 suitable herein.
M 5 Denatured collagen is reference to the fact that the collagen, when subjected to \0 0 6 extremes of temperature or acid or alkaline conditions, denatures and separates into three 7 polypeptide chains. The polypeptide is then partially hydrolyzed to a desired molecular 8 weight, and dried or compounded for the application herein.
9 In preferred embodiment, the denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen is made available from International Protein Colloids, St. Joseph MO, and sold under the 11 trademark COLLOID 3920. COLLOID 3920 is available in dry granular form, particle 12 size 20 mesh, of amber color, pH 5.5-6.5 in solution, with a moisture content of between 13 8-12% 14 In accordance with the present invention, it has been found that it is preferable to mix the denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen with another resin, such as casein, 16 starch, vegetable matter, animal meal, peanut bits/flour, or a synthetic polymer resin, 17 such as a thermoplastic resin, including polyamides and or polyurethanes, as well as 18 ethylene copolymers, such as poly(ethylene acrylic acid) and/or poly(ethylene vinyl 19 alcohol). In such regard, the mixture has been found to lend itself to melt processing under pressure, which includes extrusion, injection molding and/or compression molding 21 techniques. Accordingly, one can prepare injection molded type chew toys herein, 22 comprising denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen, as well as molded chew toys 23 that combine such collagen with the various components noted above.
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0 1 In addition, in the case of such mixtures of denatured and partially hydrolyzed z rc 2 collagen with, vegetable matter, animal meal, peanut bits/flour, rawhide, casein or 3 starch, it has been found preferable to combine with any one of these components at 00oO 4 levels of up to 50%, as well as at any percentage between 0.1-50%. Preferably, and by rr 5 way of representative example, in the case of a mixture with rawhide, it has been found C 6 preferable to incorporate about 25% of the denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen I 7 with rawhide, and in a most preferable form, about 15% of denatured and partially 8 hydrolyzed collagen is mixed with rawhide.
9 This invention has been set forth in detail, but it should be understood by those 0 skilled in the art that the various examples herein are by way of illustration only.
1 Modifications and variation will therefore be apparent and may be resorted to without 2 departing from the spirit and equivalent scope of this invention. Accordingly, such 3 modifications and equivalents are considered to be within the purview of the scope of the 4 invention as set forth in the following claims.
Claims (11)
10. The animal chew toy of claim 1 further including glucosamine or 7 chondroiton. 3 11 The animal chew of claim 1 wherein said minerals are selected from the S group consisting of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, cobalt, molybdenum, cadmium, arsenic, I silicon, vanadium, nickel, lead, tin and mixtures thereof. 2 12. The animal chew of claim 1 wherein said herbs are selected from the 3 group consisting of St. Johns Wort, Kava Kava, Echinacea, Ginkgo Biloba, Ginseng, I Catsclaw, Camomile, Golden Seal, Exhinacea and mixtures thereof.
13. A herbal enriched animal chew toy formed by: 16 combining resin, water and one or a plurality of herbs to form a mixture; 17 introducing and heating said mixture to a heated molding machine and 18 molding and cooling to form said chew toy. 19 14. The animal chew toy of claim 13 wherein said resin is selected from the group consisting of starch, casein, denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen, 21 thermoplastic polymers and mixtures thereof. 13 IO 0 1 15. The animal chew toy of claim 14 wherein said resin comprises a mixture c 2 of starch and thermoplastic polymer, said thermoplastic polymer comprising an ethylene 3 copolymer. O 00 4 16. The animal chew toy of claim 15 wherein said ethylene copolymer is C 5 selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene acrylic acid), poly(ethylene vinyl 0 6 alcohol) and mixtures thereof. 7 17. The animal chew of claim 13 wherein said molding machine is an 8 injection molding machine or an extruder. 9 18. The chew toy of claim 13 wherein the water content of said chew toy is 0 adjusted so that said herbs are not thermally degraded by said molding. 1 19. The chew toy of claim 13 wherein said herbs are not thermally degraded 2 by more than 3 20. The animal chew of claim 13 wherein said water content of said mixture 4 introduced to said injection molding machine is at or below 20% by weight.
21. The animal chew of claim 13 wherein said herbs are selected from the 16 group consisting of St. Johns Wort, Kava Kava, Echinacea, Ginkgo Biloba, Ginseng, 17 Catsclaw, Camomile, Golden Seal, Exhinacea and mixtures thereof. 18 22. The animal chew toy of claim 13 further including glucosamine or 19 chondroiton.
23. The animal chew of claim 13 wherein said chew toy is in the shape of a 21 dog bone comprising a center portion and an end portion, and said herbs are selectively 22 concentrated in said end portion. 23 24. A vitamin, mineral or herbal enriched animal chew toy formed by: IO 0 1 combining resin, water and one or a plurality of vitamins, or one or a c 2 plurality of minerals, or one of a plurality of herbs to form a mixture; 3 introducing and heating said mixture to a heated molding machine and 0 o 4 molding and cooling to form said chew toy wherein the water content of said chew toy is M 5 at or below 20% by weight, wherein said chew toy is in the form of a dog bone 0 6 comprising a center portion and an end portion, and wherein said vitamins, minerals or 7 herbs are selectively concentrated at said end portion. 8 25. The animal chew of claim 24 wherein said molding machine is an 9 injection molding machine or an extruder.
26. The animal chew toy of claim 24 wherein said resin is selected from the 11 group consisting of starch, casein, denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen, 12 thermoplastic polymers and mixtures thereof. 13 27. The animal chew toy of claim 24 wherein said resin comprises a mixture 14 of starch and thermoplastic polymer, said thermoplastic polymer comprising an ethylene copolymer. 16 28. The animal chew toy of claim 27 wherein said ethylene copolymer is 17 selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene acrylic acid), poly(ethylene vinyl 18 alcohol) and mixtures thereof. 19 29. The chew toy of claim 24 wherein said vitamins are selected from the group consisting of vitamins A, C, D, E, thiamine, riboflavin, panthothenic acid, niacin, 21 pyridoxine, folic acid, vitamin B, 2 choline and mixtures thereof. IO 0 1 30.. The chew toy of claim 24 wherein said herbs are selected from the group 3 2 consisting of St. Johns Wort, Kava Kava, Echinacea, Ginkgo Biloba, Ginseng, Catsclaw, 3 Camomile, Golden Seal, Exhinacea and mixtures thereof. 00 4 31. The chew toy of claim 24 further including glucosamine or chondroiton. c 5 32. The animal chew toy of claim 24 wherein said minerals are selected from 0 6 the group consisting of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, 7 iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, cobalt, molybdenum, cadmium, arsenic, 8 silicon, vanadium, nickel, lead, tin and mixtures thereof. 9 33. A vitamin, mineral or herbal enriched animal chew toy formed by: combining resin, water and one or a plurality of vitamins, or one or a 11 plurality of minerals, or one or a plurality of herbs to form a mixture; 12 introducing and heating said mixture to a heated injection molding 13 machine and injection molding and cooling to form said chew toy wherein the water 14 content of said chew toy is at or below 20% by weight, and wherein said vitamins, minerals or herbs in said chew toy are selectively concentrated at the surface of said 16 chew toy. 17 34. The animal chew toy of claim 33 wherein said resin is selected from the 18 group consisting of starch, casein, denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen, 19 thermoplastic polymers and mixtures thereof.
35. The animal chew toy of claim 33 wherein said heated molding machine 21 comprises an injection molding machine or an extruder. \O 0 1 36. The animal chew toy of claim 33 where said resin comprises a mixture of 2 starch and thermoplastic polymer, said thermoplastic polymer comprising an ethylene 3 copolymer. 004
37. The animal chew toy of claim 36 wherein said resin comprise a mixture of Mc 5 starch and thermoplastic polymer, said thermoplastic polymer comprising an ethylene 0 6 copolymer. 7 38. The animal chew toy of claim 37 wherein said thermoplastic polymer 8 comprises an ethylene copolymer. 9 39. The animal chew toy of claim 38 wherein said ethylene copolymer is .0 selected from the group consisting of poly(ethylene acrylic acid), poly(ethylene vinyl .1 alcohol) and mixtures thereof. 2 40. The animal chew toy of claim 36 wherein said vitamins are selected from 3 the group consisting of vitamins A, C, D, E, B, 2 thiamine, riboflavin, panthothenic acid, 4 niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, choline and mixtures thereof.
41. The animal chew of claim 36 further including glucosamine or 16 chondroiton. 17 42. The animal chew toy of claim 36 wherein said minerals are selected from 18 the group consisting of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, 19 iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, cobalt, molybdenum, cadmium, arsenic, silicon, vanadium, nickel, lead, tin and mixtures thereof. 21 43. The animal chew toy of claim 36 wherein the herbs are selected from the 22 group consisting of St. Johns Wort, Kava Kava, Echinacea, Ginkgo Biloba, Ginseng, 23 Catsclaw, Camomile, Golden Seal, Exhinacea and mixtures thereof. S1 44. An animal chew toy comprising starch and one or a plurality of herbs. 2 45. The animal chew toy of claim 44 wherein said herbs are selected from the 3 group consisting of St. Johns Wort, Kava Kava, Echinacea, Ginkgo Biloba, Ginseng, 4 Catsclaw, Camomile, Golden Seal, Exhinacea and mixtures thereof. 0 -O 5 46. The animal chew toy of claim 44, further comprising one or a plurality of ,O0 6 vitamins. O cN 7 47. The animal chew toy of claim 46, wherein said vitamins are selected from 8 the group consisting of vitamins A, B 12 C, D, C, E, thiamine, riboflavin, panthothenic 9 acid, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, choline and mixtures thereof. 0 48. The animal chew toy of claim 44 further comprising one or a plurality of 1 minerals. 2 49. The animal chew toy of claim 44 wherein said minerals are selected from 3 the group consisting of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride, magnesium, 4 iron, copper, manganese, zinc, iodine, selenium, cobalt, molybdenum, cadmium, arsenic, silicon, vanadium, nickel, lead, tin and mixtures thereof. 16 50. An animal chew toy comprising denatured and partially hydrolyzed 17 collagen. 18 51. The animal chew toy of claim 50 wherein said collagen comprises 19 tropocollagen.
52. The animal chew of claim 50 wherein said collagen is comprised of 21 glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine. 22 53. The animal chew toy of claim 50 wherein said partially hydrolyzed 23 collagen comprises a polypeptide. \O o 1 54. The animal chew toy of claim 50 wherein a flavoring is present in the z 2 amount of about 0.1-5%. 3 55. The animal chew toy of claim 50 wherein said flavoring comprises a meat 0 4 flavoring. 00 O 5 56. An animal chew comprising denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen ,O 6 and vegetable matter. Ci 7 57. The animal chew of claim 56 wherein said vegetable matter comprises 8 spinach, carrots, broccoli, beans, peas and mixtures thereof. 9 58. The animal chew of claim 56 wherein said partially hydrolyzed collagen is present at a level of about 1-50%. 11 59. An animal chew comprising denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen 12 and animal meal. 13 60. The animal chew of claim 59, wherein said partially hydrolyzed collagen 14 is present at about 1-50% by weight.
61. The animal chew of claim 59 wherein said animal meal comprises poultry 16 meal, beef meal, horse meal, fish meal or mixtures thereof. 17 62. An animal chew comprising denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen 18 and rawhide. 19 63. The animal chew of claim 62, wherein said denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen is present at about 1-50% by weight. 21 64. An animal chew comprising denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen 22 and peanut bits/flour. ID The animal chew of claim 64 wherein said denatured and partially hydrolyzed collagen is present at a level of about 1-50%. 0
66. A vitamin, mineral and herbal enriched animal chew toy substantially as herein described in the detailed description of the preferred embodiment. 0o 0, N
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AU2006236080A AU2006236080B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2006-11-13 | Health chew toy |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/793,799 | 2001-02-23 | ||
US09/793,799 US6586027B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2001-02-23 | Health chew toy |
AU2002240481A AU2002240481B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-02-25 | Health chew toy |
PCT/US2002/005513 WO2002067697A1 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-02-25 | Health chew toy |
AU2006236080A AU2006236080B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2006-11-13 | Health chew toy |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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AU2002240481A Division AU2002240481B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-02-25 | Health chew toy |
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AU2006236080A1 true AU2006236080A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
AU2006236080B2 AU2006236080B2 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
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AU2006236080A Expired AU2006236080B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2006-11-13 | Health chew toy |
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AU (1) | AU2006236080B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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GB201813413D0 (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2018-10-03 | Mars Inc | Edible animal chews |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4145447A (en) * | 1973-03-22 | 1979-03-20 | Said Stanton E. Fisher, By Said Bernard W. Weinrich | Highly compacted animal food system |
US4364925A (en) * | 1974-12-18 | 1982-12-21 | Fisher Stanton E | Unitized animal food system product |
US5476069A (en) * | 1994-09-22 | 1995-12-19 | Axelrod; Herbert R. | Molded rawhide chew toy |
US6086940A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 2000-07-11 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | High starch content dog chew |
US6126978A (en) * | 1996-10-25 | 2000-10-03 | T.F.H. Publications, Inc. | Edible dog chew |
US6178922B1 (en) * | 1997-04-15 | 2001-01-30 | Seefar Technologies, Inc. | Mastication article possessing microbe-inhibiting properties |
US6159516A (en) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-12-12 | Tfh Publication, Inc. | Method of molding edible starch |
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2006
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