AU2005271315A1

AU2005271315A1 - Fluid storage and delivery apparatus

Info

Publication number: AU2005271315A1
Application number: AU2005271315A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Mike Lang; Iqbal Shahid; Michael Shin
Original assignee: Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC
Current assignee: Nellcor Puritan Bennett LLC
Priority date: 2004-08-06
Filing date: 2005-08-06
Publication date: 2006-02-16
Also published as: WO2006017781A2; DE602005014116D1; JP2008509356A; JP2008509357A; EP1800051A2; ATE426129T1; WO2006017780A2; AU2005271314A1; AU2005271314A8; EP1779024B1; ATE429612T1; ES2326232T3; EP1779024A2; WO2006017780A3; DE602005013412D1; US20070204919A1; US7552746B2; US20070209712A1; ES2324545T3; WO2006017781A3

Abstract

A fluid storage and delivery apparatus may include a fluid container, a first apparatus component, and a housing. One or more support members may be coupled to the housing and configured to secure the first apparatus component physically separate from the fluid container. The first apparatus component may be indirectly coupled to the fluid container by one or more coupling members at least partially defining a fluid passageway between the first apparatus component and the fluid container.

Description

WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 VENT VALVE FOR A FLUID CONTAINER APPARATUS RELATED APPLICATION The present application claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/599,020, filed August 6, 2004, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. 5 TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure is related generally to fluid container apparatuses, and more particularly to a fluid container apparatus having support elements for supporting, aligning, and/or securing apparatus components. BACKGROUND 10 Therapeutic oxygen is commonly provided to subjects in order to treat a variety of medical conditions, including various conditions in which the subject suffers from a loss of lung capacity. Examples of medical conditions that may result in a loss of lung capacity include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) such as asthma, emphysema, etc., as well as cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, lung injuries, and 15 cardiovascular diseases. Pure or substantially pure oxygen may be delivered to the subject to treat the relevant condition. Inhaling the delivered therapeutic oxygen may help the subject achieve and/or maintain an adequate level of oxygen in his or her bloodstream. Portable therapeutic oxygen has conventionally been provided in two ways. 20 The first approach involves storing compressed oxygen gas in a pressure container and delivering the gas through a pressure regulator and through a hose, lumen, cannula or other passage to the subject's breathing orifices (e.g., nostrils). In some instances, the container may be wheeled such that the subject may be at least somewhat mobile. However, portable compressed gaseous oxygen systems suffer 25 from various disadvantages, such as the fact that a full portable container typically lasts a relatively short period of time, and the fact that the system may be relatively WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 2 heavy and obtrusive, which may limit the subject's mobility. The second approach involves storing liquid oxygen (or "LOX") in a portable container and delivering gaseous oxygen evaporated from the liquid oxygen to the subject through a hose, lumen, cannula or other passage to the subject's breathing 5 orifices (e.g., nostrils). Such an apparatus for storing liquid oxygen and/or delivering evaporated gaseous oxygen may be referred to as an "LOX apparatus." Although oxygen is typically a gas at standard atmospheric conditions, it may be maintained as a liquid at very low temperatures, which substantially reduces the volume of the oxygen, thus substantially reducing the required size of the LOX apparatus as 10 compared to compressed gaseous oxygen systems. LOX apparatuses typically include a vacuum-insulated container or a partially vacuum-insulated container for storing and maintaining the LOX at a very low temperature. As compared to compressed gaseous oxygen systems, an LOX apparatus enjoys a longer usable charge for a given size or weight. Accordingly, the LOX 15 apparatus can be much smaller than known compressed gaseous oxygen systems and can provide the same or longer duration of useable charge, while being lighter and/or less obtrusive. In order to fill, or "charge," the vacuum-insulated container of the LOX apparatus with LOX, the LOX apparatus may include a fill port in fluid 20 communication with the container. The fill port may be configured to temporarily engage or connect to a LOX reservoir or some other source of LOX. The fill port may facilitate the transfer of LOX from the LOX reservoir to the container of the LOX apparatus. The fill port typically undergoes stress loading during filling due to the contact with the LOX reservoir and associated forces and/or pressures. To engage 25 the fill port with the LOX reservoir, a user may need to apply pressure to the fill port to activate the connection. The fill port of an LOX apparatus may be physically attached to the LOX container. For example, the fill port may be attached to the container by a flange that is mechanically fastened to the fill port (e.g., using a nut and screw) and mechanically 30 fastened (e.g., using a worm-drive clamp) or welded to the container. This arrangement may transfer some or all of the physical stresses experienced by the fill port (e.g., during filling) from the fill port to the container. Whether the fill port is WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 3 connected to the container via welding, braze, or mechanical fastener, the cyclical stress on the container may, especially over time, cause the vacuum shell or the container to be compromised or punctured. Similarly, the stresses transferred to the container may cause the container and its attached components to shift both 5 horizontally, vertically and/or rotationally, which may cause undesirable load paths and/or stress points. These load paths and/or stress points may cause leakage within the LOX apparatus and/or failures of one or more of the LOX apparatus components. In addition, in situations in which flanges are welded to the container (for coupling one or more components to the container), the welding may cause a weld puncture 10 and/or thin wall distortion resulting from overheating, which may weaken the container. Also, such flanges used for attaching components to the container may provide potential locations for leakage and/or freezing. SUMMARY In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, a fluid storage 15 and delivery apparatus may include a fluid container and a vent valve for releasing fluid from the fluid container. The vent valve may include a vent valve body formed from a single piece, and a vent valve inlet and vent valve outlet coupled to the single piece vent valve body. The apparatus may also include one or more coupling members at least partially defining a fluid passageway between the vent valve and the 20 fluid container. In accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure, a vent valve for releasing fluid from a fluid container includes a vent valve body formed from a single piece, and a vent valve inlet and a vent valve outlet coupled to the single-piece vent valve body. The vent valve inlet may be configured to be coupled to a coupling 25 member at least partially defining a fluid passageway between the vent valve and the fluid container In accordance with yet another embodiment of the present disclosure, a fluid storage and delivery apparatus may include means for storing a fluid and vent valve means for releasing fluid from the fluid storage means. The valve means mat 30 including a vent valve body formed from a single piece, and vent valve inlet means and vent valve outlet means coupled to the single-piece vent valve body. The WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 4 apparatus may further include coupling means at least partially defining a fluid passageway between the vent valve means and the fluid storage means. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Some embodiments of the disclosure may be understood by referring, in part, 5 to the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers refer to the same or like parts, and wherein: FIGURE 1 illustrates a fluid management apparatus according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; FIGURE 2 illustrates an example LOX apparatus having the rear housing 10 removed to show various components of the LOX apparatus housed within front housing; FIGURE 3 illustrates the inside of the front housing of an example LOX apparatus according to one embodiment of the disclosure; FIGURE 4 illustrates the inside of the rear housing of an example LOX 15 apparatus according to one embodiment of the disclosure; FIGURE 5 illustrates example fill port support members coupled to or formed in a front housing of an LOX apparatus, according to one embodiment of the disclosure; FIGURE 6 illustrates an example fill port secured within the fill port support 20 members shown in FIGURE 5, according to one embodiment of the disclosure; FIGURE 7 illustrates example fill port support members coupled to or formed in a rear housing of an LOX apparatus, according to one embodiment of the disclosure; FIGURE 8 illustrates an example fill port secured within the fill port support 25 members shown in FIGURE 7, according to one embodiment of the disclosure; FIGURE 9 illustrates example vent valve support members coupled to or formed in a front housing of an LOX apparatus, according to one embodiment of the disclosure; FIGURE 10 illustrates an example vent valve secured by vent valve support 30 members formed in a front housing of an LOX apparatus, according to one embodiment of the disclosure; WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 5 FIGURE 11 illustrates example relief/economizer valve support members coupled to or formed in a front housing of an LOX apparatus, according to one embodiment of the disclosure; FIGURE 12 illustrates an example fill port physically decoupled from a 5 container in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosure; FIGURE 13 illustrates an example vent valve physically decoupled from a container in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosure; FIGURE 14 illustrates an example relief/economizer valve physically decoupled from a container in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosure; 10 FIGURES 15A and 15B illustrates an example fill port according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; FIGURE 16 illustrates an example prior art fill port; FIGURE 17 illustrates a side view of an example vent valve in a closed valve position, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; 15 FIGURE 18 illustrates a side view of an example vent valve in an open valve position, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; FIGURE 19 illustrates a rear view of an example vent valve in a closed valve position, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; FIGURE 20 illustrates a front view of an example vent valve in an open valve 20 position, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; FIGURE 21 illustrates an example control device of an LOX apparatus positioned in an off position, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure; FIGURE 23 illustrates an example control device of an LOX apparatus positioned in a continuous mode position, according to one embodiment of the present 25 disclosure; and FIGURE 23 illustrates an example control device of an LOX apparatus positioned in a conserve mode position, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION 30 Selected embodiments of the disclosure may be understood by reference, in part, to FIGURES 1-23, wherein like number refer to same and like parts.

WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 6 FIGURE 1 illustrates a fluid management apparatus 10 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. Fluid management apparatus 10 may be generally operable to provide and/or control the storage and/or delivery of one or more fluids, such as gasses and/or liquids, for example. In some embodiments, fluid 5 management apparatus 10 may comprise a portable liquid oxygen (LOX) apparatus generally operable to store liquid oxygen and deliver gaseous oxygen (e.g., evaporated from the liquid oxygen) to a subject via one or more suitable gas passageways. The following discussion focuses on such LOX apparatuses 10. However, it should be understood that in other embodiments, apparatus 10 may or not 10 be portable, and may be used for storing and/or delivering any other fluid or fluids (instead of, or in addition to, oxygen). The example LOX apparatus 10 shown in FIGURE 1 may include a housing 12, a container 14 (see, e.g., FIGURE 2), a fill port 16, one or more outlets 18, a control device 20, and a vent valve 22 (see, e.g., FIGURE 2). Housing 12 may be 15 configured to fully or partially house various components of apparatus 10, such as container 14, fill port 16, vent valve 22, outlets 18,, and/or control device 20, for example. Housing 12 may include multiple portions that are coupled together in any suitable manner to form a housing around components of apparatus 10. For example, housing 12 may include a front housing 24 and a rear housing 26 (see, e.g., FIGURES 20 3 and 4) that couple together to form a shell or housing around components of apparatus 10. In addition, in some embodiments, housing 12 may include support members 30 (see, e.g., FIGURES 3-11) coupled to and/or formed on the inside of front housing 24 and/or rear housing 26, which support members 30 may be generally configured to support, align, and/or secure one or more components of apparatus 10 in 25 proper position. Container 14 may be configured to receive, store, and/or deliver oxygen. Fill port 16 may be in fluid communication with container 14 and may be configured for filling container 14 with liquid oxygen, which filling may be referred to as "charging" container 14. For example, fill port 16 may be configured to temporarily engage or 30 connect to a LOX reservoir or some other source of LOX and facilitate the transfer of LOX from the LOX reservoir to container 14. Outlets 18 may be in fluid communication with container 14 and may be WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 7 configured for delivering gaseous oxygen evaporated from the liquid oxygen in container 14 to a subject. For example, each outlet 18 may be configured to be attached to a hose, lumen, cannula or other passageway that may deliver the gaseous oxygen to the subject's breathing orifice(s) (e.g., nostrils). 5 Control device 20 may be configured for adjusting or controlling the operation of apparatus 10. In some embodiments, control device 20 is configured to be manipulated by a user to adjust or control the operation of apparatus 10. For example, control device 20 may include one or more knobs, dials, switches, buttons, or any other type of manipulatable devices. In certain embodiments, control device 10 20 may include a single device (e.g., a single dial, knob or switch) that allows a user to select from (a) multiple modes of oxygen flow and/or (b) multiple volumetric flow rates for the gaseous oxygen delivered by apparatus 10. Example modes of oxygen flow may include (a) continuous mode and/or (b) conserve (or "demand") mode. Continuous mode may provide a steady, continuous flow of oxygen. Conserve mode 15 may provide a regulated flow of oxygen, which may be regulated based on various inputs, such as physiological inputs from the subject. For example, in the conserve mode, the delivered oxygen flow may be reduced or interrupted during exhalation, which may reduce the amount of oxygen wasted during exhalation. In some embodiments, multiple different conserve modes may be provided, which may differ 20 based on various parameters, such parameters regarding the detection of the subject's inhalation or attempted inhalation, for example. In certain embodiments, control device 20 may include a single device that allows a user to select both (a) between continuous mode and conserve mode and (b) the intensity or flow rate for the selected mode or a particular type or level of continuous or conserve mode. 25 FIGURE 2 illustrates an apparatus 10 having the rear housing 26 removed to show various components of apparatus 10 housed within front housing 24, according to one embodiment of the disclosure. For example, container 14, fill port 16, vent valve 22, a regulator 44, a relief/economizer valve 46, and tubing 48 are indicated in FIGURE 2. 30 Vent valve 22 may allow a user to vent oxygen from container 14, such as during the filling of container 14 or otherwise. Vent valve 22 may include a vent valve lever 49, which may be actuated in order to open a valve allowing oxygen WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 8 (liquid and/or gas) to vent from container 14. For example, vent valve lever 49 may be actuated during the filling of container 14 to vent gaseous oxygen in order to release pressure in container 14, thus allowing container 14 to be filled with LOX. In addition, the user may also identify when the container 14 is full of LOX when LOX 5 begins exiting through vent valve 22. Regulator 44 may be generally operable to control the flow of gaseous oxygen being delivered by apparatus 10, and may be controlled or adjusted by control device 20 or otherwise controlled or adjusted. For example, regulator 44 may be operable to control (a) the flow rate and/or (b) the mode of operation or gas delivery for the 10 gaseous oxygen delivered by apparatus 10. In some embodiments, regulator 44 may be operable to provide multiple modes of operation or gas delivery, such as (a) continuous mode and/or (b) conserve or demand mode, such as described above regarding control device 20. In addition, regulator 44 may be able to provide multiple intensities, levels or settings for each of such operation or gas delivery modes. To 15 provide such various options, in some embodiments, regulator 44 may include one or more valves, apertures of various shapes and/or sizes, and/or any other suitable components. Relief/economizer valve 46 may be generally operable to regulate the pressure of oxygen within container 14. For example, valve 46 may open to allow oxygen gas 20 from a gaseous head-space in container 14 to pass through when the pressure of the oxygen gas in container 14 exceeds a predetermined threshold level, and may otherwise remain closed allowing oxygen gas from evaporated LOX to pass through. It should be understood that apparatus 10 may also include any other components suitable for use in an LOX apparatus. For example, apparatus 10 may 25 also include a heat exchanger, for example. As discussed above, one or more components of apparatus 10 may be supported, aligned, and/or secured within housing 12 by one or more support members 30 coupled to or integrated with housing 12. For example, one or more of container 14, fill port 16, vent valve 22, regulator 44, and/or relief/economizer valve 30 46 may be supported, aligned, and/or secured by one or more support members 30 coupled to or integrated with front housing 24 and/or rear housing 26. For example, as shown in FIGURES 3 and 4, container 14 may be supported, WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 9 aligned, and/or secured in place by one or more container support members 31; fill port 16 may be supported, aligned, and/or secured in place by one or more fill port support members 32; vent valve 22 may be supported, aligned, and/or secured in place by one or more vent valve support members 33; regulator 44 may be supported, 5 aligned, and/or secured in place by one or more regulator support members 35; and relief/economizer valve 46 may be supported, aligned, and/or secured in place by one or more relief/economizer valve support members 36. One, some or all of support members 30 may include one or more front support members 30a coupled to or integrated with front housing 24 and/or one or 10 more rear support members 30b coupled to or integrated with rear housing 26, as shown and discussed below with respect to FIGURES 3 and 4. In some embodiments, one or more front support members 30a may be configured to cooperate with one or more corresponding rear support members 30b to support, align, and/or secure one or more components in place. For example, front support 15 members 30a may cooperate with rear support members 30b to provide support to one or more components of apparatus 10 such that forces acting upon such components do not damage such components or other components of apparatus 10, whether during the filling of container 14, during the operation of apparatus 10, or otherwise. Support members 30 may include any members or elements configured to help 20 support, align, and/or secure a component in place. Support members 30 may have any shape, size, and orientation. For example, one or more generally straight support members 30 may be oriented horizontally, vertically, or at any other angle in any dimension. In some embodiments, one or more support members 30 may comprise ribs, brackets, clips, or may have any other shape or configuration. As discussed 25 above, support members 30 may be coupled to or integrated with housing 12 in any suitable manner. For example, in some embodiments, one or more support members 30 may be formed integrally with housing 12 (e.g., front housing 24 and/or rear housing 26), such as by molding or casting, for example. In other embodiments, one or more support members 30 may be coupled to housing 12 (e.g., front housing 24 30 and/or rear housing 26) in any suitable manner, such as by adhesive, weld, braze, clipping, snapping, or using one or more mechanical fasteners, for example. In addition, support members 30 may be formed from any suitable material, such as WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 10 plastic, metal, or composite, for example. In some embodiments, the support members 30 for housing particular components may include multiple portions having different shapes, sizes or contours configured to receive different portions of such particular components. One or more 5 support members 30 may be shaped, sized, and/or contoured to correspond with the shape, size, and/or contours of the corresponding component(s) of apparatus 10. For example, as discussed below with reference to FIGURE 5, fill port support members 32 may include multiple portions having different shapes and/or contours configured to receive the different shapes and/or contours of different portions or components of 10 fill port 16. FIGURE 3 illustrates the inside of a front housing 24 of an example LOX apparatus 10, according to one embodiment of the disclosure. As discussed above, apparatus 10 may include one or more front support members 30a coupled to or integrated with front housing 24. In this embodiment, front support members 30a 15 may include container support members 31a, fill port support members 32a, vent valve support members 33a, regulator support members 34a, and/or relief/economizer valve support members 35a. FIGURE 4 illustrates the inside of a rear housing 26 of an example LOX apparatus 10, according to one embodiment of the disclosure. As discussed above, 20 apparatus 10 may include one or more rear support members 30b coupled to or integrated with rear housing 26. In this embodiment, rear support members 30b may include container support members 31b, fill port support members 32b, regulator support members 34b, and/or relief/economizer valve support members 35b. Container support members 31a and 31b may be configured to cooperate to 25 support, align, and/or secure container 14 in place; fill port support members 32a and 32b may be configured to cooperate to support, align, and/or secure fill port 16 in place; vent valve support members 33a may be configured to support, align, and/or secure vent valve 22 in place, regulator support members 34a and 34b may be configured to cooperate to support, align, and/or secure regulator 44 in place, and 30 relief/economizer valve support members 35a and 35b may be configured to cooperate to support, align, and/or secure relief/economizer valve 46 in place. One or more support members 30a and/or 30b may be shaped and/or sized to WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 11 mate with or receive the corresponding component(s) of apparatus 10. For example, as shown in FIGURE 3 (and more clearly shown in FIGURE 5), particular fill port support members 32a may be V-shaped to receive a V-shaped portion of fill port 16. As another example, as shown in FIGURE 9 and discussed below, vent valve support 5 members 33a may include tubular openings 50 shaped, sized, and/or aligned to receive alignment pegs 52 (shown in FIGURES 17-19) extending from vent valve 22 in order to properly align vent valve 22 relative to front support members 33a. In addition, one or more support members 30a and/or 30b may be configured to receive mechanical fasteners, such as screws, bolts, or clips, for example. For instance, as 10 shown in FIGURE 3, vent valve support members 33a may form a screw hole 54 configured to receive a screw 56 (see FIGURE 10) for securing vent valve 22 to front housing 24. Some or all of support members 30a and/or 30b may provide one, some or all of the following functions or advantages. First, one or more of support members 30a 15 and/or 30b may support, align, and/or secure particular components within housing 12 as desired. This may ensure the proper alignment of particular components and/or increase the overall stability and strength of apparatus 10. Second, one or more of support members 30a and/or 30b may physically decouple particular components of apparatus 10 from each other. For example, as shown in FIGURE 2, one or more of 20 support members 30a and/or 30b may be configured to physically decouple fill port 16, vent valve 22, regulator 44, relief/economizer valve 46, and/or any other component from container 14, such that one or more of such components are not directly coupled to container 14. Thus, for example, as shown in FIGURE 2, one or more of such components may be coupled to container 14 via tubing rather than being 25 directly coupled to container 14, such as by a weld, braze, flange, or mechanical fastener (e.g., a worm-drive clamp or nut-and-bolt). Physically decoupling components (e.g., fill port 16, vent valve 22, regulator 44, and/or relief/economizer valve 46) from container 14 may provide one or more advantages. For example, physically decoupling a component from container 14 may 30 reduce or substantially eliminate the extent to which such stresses and strains experienced by that component (e.g., during filling of container 14, during operation of apparatus 10, or otherwise) are transferred to container 14, which may reduce the WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 12 likelihood of container 14 being undesirably stressed or strained, or being punctured, cracked, or otherwise damaged. In addition, securing components in place using support members 30 may reduce the extent to which such components may move (e.g., laterally in one or more 5 directions and/or rotationally) relative to each other (e.g., relative to container 14), which may also reduce or substantially eliminate the extent to which such stresses and strains experienced by various components are transferred to each other (e.g., to container 14). Thus, the likelihood of stresses and strains on one component being undesirably transferred to another component (e.g., to container 14) may be reduced 10 or substantially eliminated. In addition, in some embodiments, physically decoupling components from each other using support members 30 may reduce or substantially eliminate damage caused to heat-sensitive components from high-temperature manufacturing techniques, such as welding or brazing, for example. Heat generated by such high 15 temperature manufacturing techniques may thus be localized, which may reduce the likelihood of heat-sensitive components physically decoupled from the area of a high temperature process being damaged during such process. The location of fill port support members 32a and/or 32b may ensure that fill port 16 is properly aligned with an opening 58 in front housing 24 and rear housing 26 20 (see FIGURES 3 and 4) such that a user may properly fill container 14 with LOX. Additionally, when front housing 24 and rear housing 26 are coupled, fill port front support members 32a may engages fill port rear support members 32b to provide a complete or near-complete 360-degree range of structural support for fill port 16. Such structural support may be particularly useful when fill port 16 is engaged with 25 an external source of LOX, such as during the filling of container 14. During the filling of container 14, fill port 16 may experience various stresses and strains. As discussed above, decoupling fill port 16 from container 14 using support members 32a and/or 32b may reduce or substantially eliminate the extent to which such stresses and strains experienced by fill port 16 (whether associated with filling container 14 or 30 otherwise) are transferred to container 14. In addition, securing fill port 16 in place using fill port support members 32a and/or 32b may reduce the extent to which fill port 16 may move (e.g., laterally in one or more directions and/or rotationally) WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 13 relative to container 14, which may also reduce or substantially eliminate the extent to which such stresses and strains experienced by fill port 16 are transferred to container 14. Thus, the likelihood of stresses and strains on fill port 16 causing fill port 16 to break away from or puncture container 14, or otherwise form cracks or leaks in 5 apparatus 10, may be reduced or substantially eliminated. Vent valve support members 33a may be configured to receive the contours of vent valve 22 to properly align, support, and/or secure vent valve 22. As discussed above, vent valve support members 33a may incorporate a mechanical connection to help secure vent valve 22 to front housing 24, e.g., a screw, bolt, or other fastener, for 10 example. In other embodiments, one or more vent valve support members 33 may be coupled to or integrated with rear housing 26, and may cooperate with vent valve support members 33a coupled to or integrated with front housing 24 in order to support, align, and/or secure vent valve 22. As discussed above, container support members 31a and/or 31b coupled to 15 and/or integrated with front housing 24 and/or rear housing 26 may support, align and/or secure container 14. This may reduce movement of container 14 (e.g., laterally in one or more directions and/or rotationally), which may in turn reduce vibrational noise. FIGURE 5 illustrates example fill port support members 32a coupled to or 20 formed in front housing 24 of apparatus 10, according to one embodiment of the disclosure. In some embodiments, fill port support members 32a may include multiple portions 72a, 74a, and 76a having different shapes and/or contours configured to receive the different shapes and/or contours of different portions or components of fill port 16. In this example embodiment, portion 76a may include 25 generally V-shaped ribs 78 configured to receive a V-shaped portion of fill port 16. FIGURE 6 illustrates an example fill port 16 secured within fill port support members 32a shown in FIGURE 5, according to one embodiment of the disclosure. Different shaped and/or contoured portions 80, 82, and 84 of fill port 16 may be received within portions 72a, 74a, and 76a of fill port support members 32a (shown in 30 FIGURE 5). FIGURE 7 illustrates example fill port support members 32b coupled to or formed in rear housing 26 of apparatus 10, according to one embodiment of the WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 14 disclosure. As discussed above, fill port support members 32b may cooperate with fill port support members 32a formed in front housing 24 in order to secure fill port 16 in position. Like fill port support members 32a, fill port support members 32b may include multiple portions 72b, 74b, and 76b having different shapes and/or 5 contours configured to receive the different shapes and/or contours of different portions or components of fill port 16. FIGURE 8 illustrates an example fill port 16 secured within fill port support members 32b shown in FIGURE 7, according to one embodiment of the disclosure. Other components of apparatus 10, such as container 14, have been removed for 10 illustrative purposes. Different shaped and/or contoured portions 80, 82, and 84 may be received within portions 72b, 74b, and 76b of fill port support members 32b (shown in FIGURE 7). FIGURE 9 illustrates example vent valve support members 33a coupled to or formed in front housing 24 of apparatus 10, according to one embodiment of the 15 disclosure. As discussed above, in some embodiments, vent valve support members 33a may include one or more tubular openings 50 shaped, sized, and/or aligned to receive alignment pegs 52 (see FIGURES 17-19) extending from vent valve 22 in order to properly align vent valve 22 relative to front support members 33a. In addition, vent valve support members 33a may form a screw hole 54 configured to 20 receive a screw 56 to secure vent valve 22 in place. FIGURE 10 illustrates an example vent valve 22 secured by vent valve support members 33a formed in front housing 24, according to one embodiment of the disclosure. Other components of apparatus 10, such as container 14, have been removed for illustrative purposes only. Pegs 52 extending from vent valve 22 may be 25 positioned in openings 50, and a screw 56 may be screwed into screw hole 54 to secure vent valve 22. Vent valve lever 49 may extend through a lever opening 90 formed in rear housing 26 such that lever 49 may be easily accessed by a user. FIGURE 11 illustrates example relief/economizer valve support members 3 5a coupled to or formed in front housing 24 of apparatus 10, according to one 30 embodiment of the disclosure. Relief/economizer valve support members 35a may cooperate with relief/economizer valve support members 35b coupled to or formed in rear housing 26 to support, align, and or secure relief/economizer valve 46 in position.

WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 15 As discussed above, one or more of support members 30a and/or 30b may physically decouple particular components of apparatus 10 from each other, which may provide various advantages, such as decreasing the likelihood of container 14 becoming cracked or punctured due to various stresses and strains, for example. As 5 discussed below, FIGURES 12-14 illustrate such decoupling of fill port 16, vent valve 22, and relief/economizer valve 46 from container 14. FIGURE 12 illustrates fill port 16 physically decoupled from container 14 in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosure. In this embodiment, fill port support members 32 secure fill port 16 physically separate from container 14, and fill 10 port 16 is connected to container 14 by tubing 48a. Tubing 48a may be coupled to an adaptor 102 of fill port 16 and/or to container 14 in any suitable manner, such as by weld, braze, or mechanical fastener, for example. The shape and/or configuration of tubing 48a may provide some flexibility and/or dampening such that the transfer of stresses or strains from fill port 16 to container 14 may be reduced or substantially 15 eliminated, as compared to a configuration in which fill port 16 is directly coupled to container 14. Decoupling fill port 16 from container 14 may be advantageous, for example, when fill port 16 is engaged with an external source of LOX, such as during the filling of container 14. As discussed above, decoupling fill port 16 from container 14 using 20 support members 32 may reduce or substantially eliminate the extent to which such stresses and strains experienced by fill port 16 (whether associated with filling container 14 or otherwise) are transferred to container 14. Thus, the likelihood of stresses and strains on fill port 16 causing fill port 16 to break away from or puncture container 14, or otherwise form cracks or leaks in apparatus 10, may be reduced or 25 substantially eliminated. FIGURE 13 illustrates vent valve 22 physically decoupled from container 14 in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosure. In this embodiment, vent valve support members 33 secure vent valve 22 physically separate from container 14, and vent valve 22 is connected to container 14 by tubing 48b. Tubing 48b may be 30 coupled to an inlet 132 of vent valve 22 and to container 14 in any suitable manner, such as by weld, braze, or mechanical fastener. For example, in this embodiment, inlet 132 may be threaded to receive a ferrule nut 133 for securing tubing 48b to inlet WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 16 132. Such configuration may reduce the complexity and/or number of parts needed to connect inlet 132 to container 14. The shape and/or configuration of tubing 48b may provide some flexibility and/or dampening such that the transfer of stresses or strains from vent valve 22 to 5 container 14 may be reduced or substantially eliminated, as compared to a configuration in which vent valve 22 is directly coupled to container 14. Thus, for example, stresses and strains experienced by vent valve 22 due to actuation of vent valve lever 49 (e.g., during filling or otherwise) may not be transferred to container 14, as compared to a configuration in which vent valve 22 is directly coupled to 10 container 14. Also, in some embodiments, no flange is needed to mechanically connect vent valve 22 to container 14. The elimination of a flange may reduce the number of parts required for vent valve 22, the possibility of a leak or freezing, and/or the likelihood of container 14 being punctured (e.g., during filling or otherwise). 15 In addition, by physically decoupling vent valve 22 from container 14, heat generated by various high-temperature coupling techniques (e.g., welds or brazes) may be localized, which may reduce the likelihood of heat-sensitive components being damaged during such high-temperature coupling techniques. For example, in some embodiments, vent valve 22 may include one or more seals or other heat 20 sensitive components that may be damaged by exposure to high-temperatures. In such embodiments, high-temperature coupling techniques may be performed to couple tubing 48b to container 14 without damaging such heat-sensitive components due to the fact that such heat-sensitive components are physically displaced from container 14. 25 FIGURE 14 illustrates relief/economizer valve 46 physically decoupled from container 14 in accordance with one embodiment of the disclosure. In this embodiment, relief/economizer valve support members 35 may secure relief/economizer valve 46 physically separate from container 14, and relief/economizer valve 46 may be connected to container 14 by tubing 48c. Tubing 30 48c may be coupled to relief/economizer valve 46 and container 14 in any suitable manner, such as by weld, braze, or mechanical fastener. The shape and/or configuration of tubing 48c may provide some flexibility and/or dampening such that WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 17 the transfer of stresses or strains from relief/economizer valve 46 to container 14 may be reduced or substantially eliminated, as compared to a configuration in which relieffeconomizer valve 46 is directly coupled to container 14. FIGURES 15A and 15B illustrate an example fill port 16 according to one 5 embodiment of the present disclosure. Fill port 16 may include a female fill connector assembly 100, and an adapter 102. FemLe fill connector assembly 100 may include a body portion 104 and a female sleeve connector portion 106. As discussed above, fill port 16 may be physically decoupled from container 14, For example, as shown in FIGURE 12. adapter 102 may be coupled to container 14 via 10 tubing 48a. Tubing 48a may be coupled to adapter 102 in any suitable manner, sueh as by welding, bracing, or using a mechanical fastener, for example. In contrast to certain prior art LOS apparatuses, fill port 16 of apparatus 10 may be secured by support members 30 rather than being coupled to container 14 by a flange or mechanical fastener. An example prior art fill port 16a is shown in FIGURE 16. The 15 prior art fill port 16a may include a female fill connector assembly 100a, an adaptor 102a, and one or more connection components and/or fasteners for connecting fill port ] 6a directly to the LOX container For example, as shown in FIGURE 16, such connection components and/or fasteners may include jam nut 112a, a ferrule nut 11 4a, and a compression sleeve 11 6a, 20 Thus, in embodiments of the present disclosure in which fill port 16 is not connected to container 14 via a flange, fill port 16 may not require such connection components and/or fasteners, such as jam nut 112a, ferrale nut 114a, compression sleeve 116, and/or other fastener(s) to attach fill port 16 to such flange. Thus, fill port 16 may include fewer parts than prior fill ports, which may reduce the 25 complexity and/or weight of LOX apparatus 10. In addition, the elimination of such connection components and/or fasteners (e.g., jam nut 112a, ferrale nut 114a, and/or compression sleeve 116a) to attach fill port 16 to a flange may remove another potential source of leakage and/or freezing. FIGURES 17-20 illustrate an example vent valve 22 in accordance with one 30 embodiment of the present disclosure. In platicular, FIGURE 17 lustrates a side view of vent valve 22 in a closed valve position; FIGURE 18 illustrates a side view of vent valve 22 in an open valve position; FIGURE 19 illustrates a rear view of vent WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 18 valve 22 in a closed position; and FIGURE 20 illustrates a front view of vent valve 22 in an position. Vent valve 22 may include a valve body 130, an inlet 132, an outlet 134, a valve lever 49, and/or a plunger 136 (see FIGURE 20). In general, inlet 132 and 5 outlet 134 may be connected by a passageway that may be closed (or blocked) or opened (or at least partially unblocked) based on the positioning of plunger 136 within an opening formed within valve body 130. Plunger 136 may be coupled to valve lever 49 such that actuation of valve lever 49 (e.g., manual actuation by a user) may move plunger 136 between a closed position (see FIGURES 17 and 19) in which 10 the passageway connecting inlet 132 and outlet 134 is closed and an open position (see FIGURES 18 and 20) in which the passageway connecting inlet 132 and outlet 134 is opened. Plunger 136 may include one or more sealing members configured to provide a suitable seal within valve body 130. In some embodiments, valve body 130 may comprise a single integrated piece. 15 This may be advantageous as compared to prior art valve bodies having multiple pieces joined together, as the joints between such multiple pieces may provide a potential source of leakage and/or freezing. In addition, in some embodiments, using a single-piece, integrated valve body 130 may eliminate the need for a seal or seals (such as an 0-ring, for example) which may be included in prior valve bodies having 20 multiple pieces. Thus, another source of leakage and/or freezing may be eliminated. In addition, vent valve 22 may include fewer parts than vent valves, which may reduce the complexity and/or weight of LOX apparatus 10. In addition, one or both of inlet 132 and outlet 134 may be integral with valve body 130. In this example embodiment, inlet 132 is integral with valve body 130, 25 whereas outlet 134 is separate and coupled to valve body 130. In other embodiments, valve body 130 may be formed from multiple pieces and/or both inlet 1.32 and outlet 134 may be separately coupled to valve body 130. As discussed above, valve body 130 may include one or more alignment pegs 52 used for aligning and/or securing vent valve 22 relative to housing 12. 30 In some embodiments, inlet 132 and outlet 134 may be formed in the same general plane or in generally parallel planes. For example, an axis 140 defined by inlet 132 and an axis 142 defined by outlet 134 may reside in the same or generally WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 19 parallel planes. This may provide various advantages, such as increased ease of manufacturing and/or assembly, which may improve product quality and/or reliability. In addition, configuring vent valve 22 as described herein and/or the use of support members 33 may reduce or eliminate the likelihood of vent valve 22 being 5 misaligned during assembly or otherwise, which may also improve product quality and/or reliability. As discussed above, fill port 16 may be physically decoupled from container 14. For example, as shown in FIGURE 13, inlet 132 may be configured to be coupled to container 14 by tubing 48b, rather than being directly coupled to container 14. The 10 shape and configuration of tubing 48b may provide some flexibility and/or dampening such that the transfer of stresses or strains from vent valve 22 to container 14 may be reduced or substantially eliminated, as compared to a configuration in which vent valve 22 is directly coupled to container 14. Tubing 48b may be coupled to inlet 132 in any suitable manner, such as by weld, braze, or mechanical fastener. For example, 15 in this embodiment, inlet 132 may be threaded to receive a ferrule nut to secure tubing 48b to inlet 132. Such configuration may reduce the complexity and/or number of parts needed to connect inlet 132 to container 14. FIGURES 21-23 illustrate an example control device 20 for adjusting or controlling the flow of gaseous oxygen delivered by apparatus 10, according to one 20 embodiment of the disclosure. As discussed above, control device 20 may be configured to be manipulated by a user to adjust or control the flow of gaseous oxygen delivered by apparatus 10. In this example, control device 20 comprises a single knob that allows a user to (a) select between at least three modes of operation: off, continuous mode, and conserve (or demand) mode, and (b) select the intensity, 25 flow rate, level, or flow type for the selected mode. The various modes of operation and intensities (or flow rates) may be regulated by regulator 44, such as discussed above with respect to FIGURE 2. In the embodiment shown in FIGURES 21-23, control device 20 comprises a single knob that may be rotated to select any of the following settings, each indicated 30 on the knob using the following labels: WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 20 Knob label Mode and/or intensity/flow rate/level 0 Off

C

1 Continuous mode, flow rate #1

C

2 Continuous mode, flow rate #2 5 C 3 Continuous mode, flow rate #3

C

4 Continuous mode, flow rate #4

C

5 Continuous mode, flow rate #5

C

6 Continuous mode, flow rate #6 D1.5 Conserve mode #1 10 D2 Conserve mode #2

D

2

.

5 Conserve mode #3 D3 Conserve mode #4 D4 Conserve mode #5 15 Thus, the user may easily - e.g., using a single knob - select between multiple modes and or intensities or flow rates as desired, which may be advantageous over apparatuses in which the user must manipulate multiple control devices to select such options. FIGURE 21 illustrates knob 20 positioned in the off position (labeled "0"). 20 FIGURE 22 illustrates knob 20 positioned in a particular continuous mode position (labeled "C 2 "), after being rotated counter-clockwise from the off position, as indicated by arrow 150. FIGURE 23 illustrates knob 20 positioned in a particular continuous mode position (labeled "D2"), after being rotated clockwise from the off position, as indicated by arrow 152. 25 Although the disclosed embodiments have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as illustrated by the following claims. For example, it should be understood that in various embodiments, apparatus 10 may include any combination of one, some or all of the various 30 components and/or features discussed above and/or any one or more additional components and/or features.

Claims

1. A fluid storage and delivery apparatus, comprising: a fluid container; a vent valve for releasing fluid from the fluid container, the vent valve 5 including a vent valve body formed from a single piece; a vent valve inlet and a vent valve outlet coupled to the single-piece vent valve body; and one or more coupling members at least partially defining a fluid passageway between the vent valve and the fluid container. 10

2. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the fluid container is configured for storing liquid oxygen and delivering gaseous oxygen and the vent valve is configured for releasing oxygen from the fluid container. 15

3. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the vent valve inlet defines a first axis and the vent valve outlet defines a second axis, the first and second axes being located in the same plane.

4. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the vent valve inlet 20 defines a first axis and the vent valve outlet defines a second axis, the first and second axes being located in parallel planes.

5. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein: one or more coupling members include tubing connected at a first end to the 25 container and at a second end to the vent valve inlet; and the vent valve inlet is configured to receive a ferrule nut for securing the second end of the tubing to the vent valve inlet.

6. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the vent valve includes a 30 lever configured for manual actuation for controlling whether the vent valve is in an open valve state or a closed valve state. WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 22

7. An apparatus according to Claim 1, further comprising a housing including one or more support members coupled to the housing and configured to secure the vent valve physically separate from the fluid container, the first apparatus component being indirectly coupled to the fluid container by the one or more coupling 5 members.

8. An apparatus according to Claim 7, wherein: the vent valve includes one or more pegs extending from the vent valve body; and 10 the one or more support members define one or more openings to receive the one or more pegs to align the vent valve relative to the housing.

9. An apparatus according to Claim 7, wherein at least one of the support members is formed integrally with the housing. 15

10. An apparatus according to Claim 7, wherein at least one of the support members is shaped to match a contour of the vent valve.

11. An apparatus according to Claim 7, wherein the support members 20 comprise one or more ribs.

12. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the one or more coupling members are flexible to provide dampening between the vent valve and the fluid container. 25

13. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the vent valve outlet is formed integrally with the vent valve body.

14. A vent valve for releasing fluid from a fluid container, comprising: 30 a vent valve body formed from a single piece; a vent valve inlet and a vent valve outlet coupled to the single-piece vent valve body, the vent valve inlet configured to be coupled to a coupling member at least WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 23 partially defining a fluid passageway between the vent valve and the fluid container

15. A vent valve according to Claim 14, wherein the vent valve inlet defines a first axis and the vent valve outlet defines a second axis, the first and second 5 axes being located in the same plane.

16. A vent valve according to Claim 14, wherein the vent valve inlet defines a first axis and the vent valve outlet defines a second axis, the first and second axes being located in parallel planes. 10

17. A vent valve according to Claim 14, wherein: the coupling member comprises a tubing; and the vent valve inlet is configured to receive a ferrule nut for securing an end of the tubing to the vent valve inlet. 15

18. A vent valve according to Claim 14, further comprising a lever configured for manual actuation for controlling whether the vent valve is in an open valve state or a closed valve state. 20

19. A vent valve according to Claim 14, wherein the coupling member is flexible to provide dampening between the vent valve and the fluid container.

20. A vent valve according to Claim 14, wherein the vent valve is secure physically separate from the fluid container by one or more support members coupled 25 to a housing.

21. A vent valve according to Claim 20, further comprising one or more pegs extending from the vent valve body, the one or more pegs configured to be received in one or more openings defined by the one or more support members. 30

22. A vent valve according to Claim 14, wherein the vent valve outlet is formed integrally with the vent valve body. WO 2006/017781 PCT/US2005/027977 24

23. A fluid storage and delivery apparatus, comprising: means for storing a fluid; vent valve means for releasing fluid from the fluid storage means, the valve 5 means including a vent valve body formed from a single piece; vent valve inlet means and vent valve outlet means coupled to the single-piece vent valve body; and coupling means at least partially defining a fluid passageway between the vent valve means and the fluid storage means. 10