AU2005234688B2 - A centraliser and a system for centralising a tight fitting casing in a borehole - Google Patents

Description

AUSTRALIA

Patents Act 0 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION

(ORIGINAL)

Class Int. Class Application Number: Lodged: Complete Specification Lodged: Accepted: Published: Priority Related Art: Name of Applicant: ENI S.p.A.

Actual Inventor(s): Angelo Calderoni, Fabrizio Zausa Address for Service and Correspondence: PHILLIPS ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys 367 Collins Street Melbourne 3000 AUSTRALIA Invention Title: 9"P 441 41 A CENTRALISER AND A SYSTEM FOR CENTRALISING A TIGHT FITTING CASING IN A

BOREHOLE

Our Ref: 759777 POF Code: 1700/451259 The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to applicant(s): -1- 600eq 00 5 A CENTRALISER AND A SYSTEM FOR CENTRALISING A TIGHT FITTING CASING IN A BOREHOLE o00 00 O The present application is a divisional application from Australian Patent Application number 2002221874 the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference The present invention relates to a centraliser of drill casings of oil wells and a system for the centralisation of drill casings of oil wells.

During the drilling of oil wells, set casing operations of the hole are effected, which comprise the positioning of specific casings at pre-established intervals in relation to the depth reached and characteristics of the formations penetrated.

When effecting set casing, in order to guarantee an easy lowering of the casings into the wall, it is generally necessary to ensure that the difference between the external casing diameter and the hole diameter (clearance) is maintained at sufficiently high values.

During drilling, according to conventional technologies, the clearance between casing and hole can vary from W:\shamn\DanieRlSped\DMC 2002 221874 di daims 15novG5.doc Svalues of about 6-7 inches (15-16 cm) for the surface and/or intermediate phases, up to values close to an inch Z for the deeper phases (for example: 26" hole for a 20" con- 00 ductor pipe; 171/2" hole for a 133/8" casing; 121/4" hole 00 5 for a 95/8" casing; 81/2" hole for a 7" casing) 00 IND The necessity of adopting high clearance values is -i linked to the high rigidity of pipes with a greater diame- Ster/thickness and to the impossibility of drilling perfectly vertical holes and/or with controlled curvature. The poor flexibility, in fact, of the pipes together with a certain degree of irregularity of the hole (deviations, tortuosity and/or squeezing), can make the lowering of the casings into the well problematical, above all during the surface and/or intermediate phases.

The necessity, according to conventional technologies, of effecting holes with a much larger diameter with respect to that of the casing, to guarantee its lowering to the well bottom during the surface and intermediate phases, causes the formation of a considerable quantity of waste products and a lengthy stay time of the plant on the"territory, with consequent long drilling times and high costs.

The Applicant is holder of the copending Italian patent application MI 2000A 000007 of 5.01.2000 which relates to an improved method for the drilling of oil wells and contemporaneous positioning of specific casings, characterized by maintaining the clearance more or less constant for the whole well depth desired, which consists in effecting 0 Z the drilling of the well section of interest, maintaining a 00 high. degree of regularity of the hole by the use of automatic equipment for verticality and/or curvature control.

00 00 This drilling method allows, with the same diameter of the casing, the dimensions of the upper part of the well I(surface and intermediate casings) to be reduced. This en- N ables a substantial reduction in materials (sludge, cement and steel) and consequently in the production of waste products. This technique also avoids the necessity of producing holes with a diameter which is too high with respect .t the casings to be positioned, which generally implies the possibility of effecting holes with a lower diameter with respect to the conventional technique. All of this has a. positive influence on the advance rate of the chisel bit and therefore allows a reduction in the production times of the holes with a consequent decrease in costs. The techniqueaccording to said invention also enables significant savings to be obtained on the operating costs, as the verticality and/or regular curvature of the well facilitates all workover.and well intervention operations.

This method comprises a drilling and set casing technique which allows the positioning of casings, operating with a clearance which is more or less constant at values o of about 1.5 inches (3-4 cm) for the whole well depth de-

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sired. The fact of operating with a reduced clearance al-

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Z lows, with the same number of casings and end-diameter of 00 the casing, the dimensions of the upper part of the well to be significantly reduced.

00 \D This solution is particularly suitable for applications in deep, vertical or off-line wells, also- in the In 0 presence of formations with a low drillability and/or difficulty in trajectory control. In these cases, on adopting the technique described, a considerable saving of time and

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drilling costs'is'obtained. In the drilling method mentioned above, as generally Sin all lean profile applications, the centralization of the casings, when effected -with traditional proceduresi -'-is highly critical.

This criticality is due to the lack of physical space necessary for the mechanical installation of centralization systems (reduced spaces corresponding to mechanical fragility).

As the inclination of the hole increases, so does the criticality due to the higher casing/hole wall interference, obviously greater in the hole sections with the presence of more or less severe doglegs.

The absence of centralization of the casing, however, has the following disadvantages: S Increase in the friction factor, with an increase in the wear of the casing and consequent decrease in its 0 z resistance properties; 00 Increase in the risks of the wedging of the casing with the risk of not succeeding in correctly lowering 00 00 the casing to the bottom;

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Unbalance in the flow by-pass area; Reduction in the quality of cementations by the ca- C nalization of cement during displacement.

For conventional (standard) well profiles, these problems are drastically reduced by centralizing the casing.

The centralizing is, in fact, obtained by inserting along the outer surface of the casing, various elastic metallic blades (similar to leaf springs), with an extended diameter comparable to that of the hole, capable of keeping the casing at a distance from the wall and uniformly centred with respect to the hole axis: This solution cannot however be applied in the case of lean profiles as: All standard centralizers existing on the market have a blade supporting body and a stop collar for attaching them to the pipe; this increases the overall bulk which excludes their application for systems with reduced diameter clearances; Centralizers for particular applications, such as for 6 example intracasing centralizers, drastically modify the total rigidity of the Scasing, which viceversa must be able to maintain a good elasticity (flexibility) for following the geometry of the hole to the utmost.

00 5 The Applicant has now found that it is possible to overcome existing drawbacks in the art by effecting the centralisation of drill casings by means of 00oo strips of ceramic or plastic material applied onto the outer walls of the casings.

oo M Accordingly, in a first aspect the present invention relates to a centraliser of drill casings of oil wells constituted by strips of ceramic or plastic material Sapplied onto the outer walls of said casings.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a centraliser of drill casings of oil wells constituted by strips of ceramic or plastic material applied onto the outer walls of said casings used for a method for the centralization of casings for applications of the lean provide type, both vertical and off-line, which comprises the following operations: Application on the casing section in question, of an adherence strip equipped with one or more housings and rapid adjustable lever closure; o Insertion of suitable moulds in the housings of which the strip is equipped; S Injection into the moulds of plastic material characterized by a high mechanical resistance, a high degree of surface adhesion and resistance to abrasion by friction, and also elasticity in place, higher than the elasticity of the casings; Removal of the adherence strip once the hardening of the plastic material in the shape of the mould, has been completed.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides a system for the centralization of drill casings of oil wells comprising casings and centralizer, applied onto the outer walls of said casings, constituted by strips of ceramic or plastic material.

W:shamnianeSpecADMC 2002 221874 div daims O An important advantage of the method described above is the possibility of its being effected directly on site, thus obtaining centralizers whose shape,

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Z dimension, number and position can be established a priori, in relation to the 00 5 operating requirements. The position, length and thickness with which the centralizers are to be produced, can, in fact, be calculated and determined a 00 oO priori, in relation to the diameter of the casing, the length and inclination angle oo IDof the hole section along which the casing is to be lowered.

(Ni S 10 Once the project characteristics have been defined, the pipes are blasted to obtain a surface capable of ensuring correct adhesion of the resin. At the end of the blasting phase, each pipe is equipped with a specific adhesion strip, obtained using a transparent plate made of plastic material with a high resistance (figure having a rapid adjustable lever closure, capable of housing die cast moulds: figure 2 illustrates an example in which from a minimum of one to a maximum of three die cast moulds can be present.

Each mould has a specific injection hole, through which the resin compound, obtained by means of an appropriate mixing system between resin and hardener, is poured.

W:sharomn\DanlelSpecADMC 2002 221874 dlv daims The adhesion strip-mould system thus obtained allows, on the one hand, the centralizers to be correctly positioned 0 Z 'and distanced, both radially and axially, along the pipe; 00 on the other it guarantees the regular shape of the cen- 00 5 tralizers, keeping them correctly in position until the 00 OO ND binding reaction of the catalyst/resin system has taken c-.place. Once the binding time necessary for the hardening of the centralizers is over, it is possible to remove the adhesion strip and relative die cast shapers.

With reference to the figures enclosed with the present invention, which havethe sole purpose of illustrating the object according to the present invention, figure 1 .represents a detail of the transparent plate of plastic material in which A and B represent countersunk bolts forming the rapid closure to be used when the plate is wound around the casing and in which the housings for inserting the moulds can be observed.

Figure 2 in turn illustrates the same plate indicating the rapid adjustable lever closures, under B, and in which there is a detail of the same closure, under C.

Said closure is also represented in figure 3, in which B represents drawings thereof, for an embodiment in zincated steel, and A represents the drawing of the hook for the adjustable lever closure.

Confirming the validity of what is specified above 9 with respect. to the method for the centralization of casings and the operating steps comprised therein, we would Z like to stress again that there are two elements which 00 mainly characterize said method: 00 5 A compound of resins, characterized by a high mechani- 00 NO cal resistance, a high degree of surface adhesion and Cq .resistance to abrasion by friction and, finally, elas- O ticity in place higher than the elasticity of the casings.

The production, also directly on site, of centralizers, with the possibility of appropriately varying the shape, dimension, number and position thereof, in relation to the operating requirements." The resinous- material naturally has a primary function; any known material can be suitable for the purpose provided it is characterized by the appropriate qualities': as an example,. high resistance epoxy resins can be mentioned.

Claims (9)

1. A centraliser of drill casings of oil wells constituted by strips of ceramic or O Z plastic material applied onto the outer walls of said casings. 00

2. The centraliser as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastic material is a 00 oo hardening resin. oo \O S3. The centraliser as claimed in claim 2 wherein the resin is an epoxy resin.

S

4. A centraliser of drill casings of oil wells constituted by strips of ceramic or plastic material applied onto the outer walls of said casings used for a method for the centralization of drill casings for applications of the lean profile type, either vertical or off-line, comprising the following operations: 0 Application on the casing section in question, of an adherence strip equipped with one or more housings and rapid adjustable lever closure; Insertion of suitable moulds in the housings of which the strip is equipped; 0 Injection into the moulds of plastic material characterized by a high mechanical resistance, a high degree of surface adhesion and resistance to abrasion by friction, and also elasticity in place, higher than the elasticity of the casings; Removal of the adherence strip once the hardening of the plastic material in the shape of the mould, has been completed.

The centraliser as claimed in claim 4, wherein the plastic material is a hardening resin.

6. The centraliser as claimed in claim 5, wherein the resin is an epoxy resin.

7. A system for the centralization of drill casings of oil wells comprising casings and centralizer, applied onto the outer walls of said casings, constituted by strips of ceramic or plastic material. W:sharon\DaneR1Spad\DMC 2002 221874 div daims

8. The system as claimed in claim 7, wherein the plastic material is a hardening resin. O o 5 9. The system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the resin is an epoxy resin. 00 10. A centraliser of drill casings of oil wells, substantially as herein described oo N with reference to any one of the accompanying drawings of embodiments of the Sinvention. S SDATED: 16 November 2005 PHILLIPS ORMONDE FITZPATRICK Attorneys for: ENI S.p.A.

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