AU2004237791A1 - A Wheel Hitch - Google Patents

Description

C~1 Title A Wheel Hitch 00 o Technical Field This invention relates to a wheel hitch to enable an implement to be attached to a vehicle, and particularly relates to a hitch that is on a vehicle wheel rim.

(N Background Art o There are a number of situations, particularly in the field of agriculture and horticulture where, because of uneven ground, conventional hitch assemblies are not particularly suitable.

This is particularly the case in the weed control and management industry where it is desirable that the towed device follows the contour of the ground to avoid wastage and to ensure that correct contact is made with the growth being treated.

Most conventional hitching devices are based on similar principles and comprise either a ball or pin arrangement attached to a draw bar so that the draw bar can, in turn, be attached to a tow bar fixed to the rear of a towing vehicle. A difficulty with this arrangement is that the hitching device does not readily enable the towed implement to track undulations in the ground surface except for minor undulations that can be accommodated by "looseness" between the ball and socket, or between the pin and hole of the draw bar arrangement. Another disadvantage with the ball or pin arrangement attached to a draw bar is that the weight of the towed implement or any sideways or tipping motion of the towed implement transmits forces and stresses to the towing vehicle through a single point being the towing ball, etc. If the vehicle is a relatively lightweight vehicle, and the implement is relatively large, these forces can cause loss of control of the vehicle or even tipping of the vehicle. Thus, there would be an advantage if it were possible to attach a towed implement to a vehicle in a manner that did not require a single point of attachment.

Another disadvantage with the towing ball (or the pin in socket) arrangement is that 2 the point of attachment to the towing vehicle is usually behind the rear wheels of the C) towing vehicle and in a central part of the vehicle (that is approximately midway between the rear wheels). This arrangement can cause the towing vehicle to tip or 00 o lose steering control if the towed implement becomes unsteady. Thus, there would be an advantage if it were possible to attach a towed implement to a vehicle in a manner that did not require the attachment point to be behind the rear wheels of the vehicle and at the position approximately midway between the rear wheels.

O There are various known methods for hitching a towed vehicle to an agricultural tractor which, almost without exception, employ an arrangement based on hydraulic rams and various types of monitoring devices to provide the feedback needed to adjust the rams and to keep the towed implement tracking correctly on uneven surfaces. The prior art devices generally comprise a frame fitted between the rear wheels of the tractor immediately above or around the power take off (PTO) connection. For an agricultural tractor, the tractor is sufficiently large and heavy to make it relatively improbable that the tractor will tip or lose control should the towed implement become unsteady. Also, the frame (that is the lifting and lowering frame) is usually attached at two spaced apart positions to the rear of the tractor providing greater stability. However, a disadvantage with this arrangement is that it requires hydraulic lifting arms and therefore a hydraulic motor and hydraulic rams, and the arrangement is not suitable for use with smaller towing vehicles such as existing lightweight quadricycles, which do not possess hydraulic motors, hydraulic rams, etc. and which do not generate enough power to drive a hydraulic motor, etc.

There is also a great advantage in being able to provide the towed implement with "grdtracking" features to enable the implement to track uneven ground surfaces.

For instance, an implement which would benefit from such ground tracking features would be a spraying apparatus to spray weeds. For instance, if the spraying apparatus was too far above the ground, the spraying would not effectively contact the weeds, and conversely, if the spraying apparatus was too close to the ground, the spray may not completely cover the weeds. Another example is a "weed wiping" device which contains a applicator covered with a weedicide which contacts the more upright weed O3

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leaves but generally passes over the more compact couch or other desirable more C prostrate grasses. The ground tracking ability of such a device is important to avoid excessive poisoning of the grasses. Yet another example where ground tracking ability 00 O is desired is to avoid the implement "scalping" or otherwise damaging the turf or ground. Of course, there would be many other types of implements and apparatus that would also benefit from a ground tracking ability.

N Whilst some prior art devices incorporate a feature or features designed to keep a 0 towed implement level with the ground surface, these features are generally 0 incorporated in either the design of the frame/member mounted between the rear wheels, or in the layout and operation of hydraulic rams. This adds to the cost and complexity of the towed implement and is therefore generally not desirable.

Therefore, there would be an advantage if it were possible to provide a hitch that could be designed in such a way to promote the ground tracking ability of the towed implement without requiring expensive and complicated structural changes to be made to the implement.

Most local authorities which require the use of spraying and fertilisation apparatus are anxious that the vehicles used create minimal damage to ground surfaces and the use of relatively lightweight quadricycles to tow implements fits in with this criteria.

Therefore, there would be an advantage if it were possible to provide a hitch that could be attached to a lightweight towing vehicle and which could promote ground tracking ability of the towed implement.

There would also be an advantage if it were possible to provide a hitch for a towing vehicle where the hitch could remain in place even when not required to tow an implement and where the hitch does not interfere unnecessarily with the normal operation of the towing vehicle.

Many hitch devices allow an implement to be towed behind a vehicle, but are not suitable to attach an implement in front of the vehicle to be pushed thereby, or to the side of the vehicle. Therefore there would be an advantage to provide a hitch assembly O 4

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which could enable an implement or any desired device or assembly to be placed C behind the vehicle, in front of the vehicle, to the side of the vehicle, and the like.

00 O It will be clearly understood that, if a prior art publication is referred to herein, this reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms part of the common general knowledge in the art in Australia or in any other country.

(Disclosure of Invention.

oIt is an object of the invention to provide a wheel hitch that may at least partially 0 10 overcome some of the abovementioned disadvantages or provide a useful or commercial choice.

In one form, the invention comprises a wheel hitch to enable an implement to be attached to a vehicle, the wheel hitch comprising wheel attachment means that is releasably attachable to a wheel of the vehicle, and implement attachment means to enable an implement to be attached to the hitch.

In a broader form the invention may be as described immediately above save that the hitch is incorporated during manufacture of the wheel or hub or axle as opposed to an accessory that is attachable to a conventional wheel. Therefore, a broader form of the invention comprises a wheel hitch comprising implement attachment means which is on the wheel and/or hub and/or axle.

Thus, the wheel hitch can be attached to each rear wheel of a vehicle to enable a towed implement to be attached to the vehicle via the rear wheels of the vehicle rather than a tow ball, etc. It is found that this particular type of attachment mechanism enables quite lightweight vehicles to be used which can include quadricycles.

Although the invention will be described with reference to the wheel hitch attached to a rear wheel of the vehicle, it may be possible to use the wheel hitch on a front wheel of the vehicle. If the vehicle contains intermediate wheels, the wheel hitch may be attached to such an intermediate wheel.

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Although the invention will be described with reference to a wheel hitch being attached to each rear wheel to enable a towed implement to be attached at two spaced

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O apart positions to the vehicle, circumstances may arise where a single wheel hitch may be sufficient. Also, circumstances may arise where a wheel can contain a wheel hitch on one side of the wheel and a wheel hitch on the other side of the wheel. Therefore, it is not considered that any unnecessary limitation should be placed on the invention en3 Nl by the attachment of the wheel hitch to a wheel.

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10 The vehicle may comprise any suitable vehicle that may benefit from attachment of a wheel hitch and it is not considered that any unnecessary limitation should be placed on the invention by the type of vehicle that may be used. The vehicle may comprise an agricultural vehicle such as the tractor, but may also include a car, a truck, a motorcycle (particularly the three and four wheeled motorcycles) and the like.

The implement may comprise any apparatus, device or mechanism that may benefit from being attached to the vehicle. It is considered that a great variety of implements may be suitable. The implements may comprise spraying devices, weed wiping devices, fertilising devices, spreaders, mowers, soil working implements, devices to pick up objects from the ground, and the like. It is not considered that any unnecessary limitation should be placed on the invention by the type of implement.

The implement may be towed by the vehicle, or pushed in front of the vehicle, or be supported from the side of the vehicle, depending on the type of implement and the use. For instance, a blade may be attached in front of the vehicle and via the wheel hitch, while a weed spray unit may be attached behind the vehicle and/or to the side.

The wheel hitch comprises a wheel attachment means. The wheel attachment means is typically releasably attachable to the wheel rim. The wheel of the vehicle will typically comprise a pneumatic tyre which is attached to a metal wheel rim. The wheel rim is typically attached to a vehicle axle via a wheel hub. The wheel rim will typically comprise an outer face and an inner face and a peripheral edge about which the vehicle tyre can be fitted. Typically, the outer edge of the rim contains a small s- 6

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bead. Of course, the wheel need not be limited to a pneumatic wheel and may C comprise a solid wheel.

00 o The attachment means may comprise a clamping assembly to enable the attachment means to be clampingly attached to the wheel. The clamping assembly may comprise a clamping arm assembly. Suitably, a plurality of clamping arm assemblies is provided. Typically, between 2-8 assemblies is provided and preferably between 3-6 i assemblies is provided.

I 10 The clamping arm assembly may comprise a first part that may be called a collar link and which is attached to one part of the attachment means, a second part that may be called a stub link and which is pivotally attachable to the first part and to part of the attachment means, and a third part that may be called a rim engaging member and which is pivotally attached to the second part.

The attachment means may further comprise an inner member that may be called a stub. The inner member, in use, is adapted to be positioned adjacent the wheel. The second part of the clamping arm assembly may be attached to the inner member. The inner member may contain an open-ended internal cavity.

The attachment means may further comprise an outer member that may be called a collar. The outer member may be attached to the inner member and may be adjustably attached thereto such that the outer member can move away from, and towards the inner member. The first part of the clamping arm assembly may be attached to the outer member.

A fastener such as a screw or like member may be used to adjust the outer member relative to the inner member in the manner described above.

The wheel hitch further contains an implement attachment means to enable an implement to be attached to the wheel hitch. The implement attachment means may comprise a projection or a recess or a combination thereof on the wheel hitch to which 'e 7 0 an implement can be attached either directly or indirectly (for instance via a link Cmember). In a preferred embodiment, an adjusting bolt is provided that can be attached to the outer member and which can provide an attachment means for the O0 o implement.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment, the wheel hitch may comprise a stub that, in use, is positioned adjacent the outer face of the wheel, a collar that is attachable to the stub N and which is adjustable such that the collar can move towards and away from the stub, o and at least one clamping arm assembly that is attached to the stub and to the collar 0 N 10 and which is movable between a clamping position where the arm assembly is clamped against the wheel rim, and a free position where the arm assembly can be removed from the wheel rim.

In another form, there is provided a hitch assembly for connecting a wheeled device which has a chassis, two side arms and at least one ground wheel to a wheeled motor driven vehicle having rear wheels, the assembly including two couplings which engage with hubs of the rear wheels of the motor driven vehicle and pivot connections for pivotably connecting ends of the side arms to the couplings in a manner which enables the trailing vehicle to track over uneven ground following the contour of the ground.

Each of the couplings may comprise first plates which provide the pivotal connections to the side arms and second plates adjustably connected to the first plates, the first and second plates having profiled edges which are complementary to the profile of the rims of the rear wheels of the motor driven vehicle said couplings being adapted to engage and rotate with the rear wheels.

The first plates may be elongate and the second plates may be semi-circular.

The first plates may be adjustable with respect to the second plates so that the spacings between the profiled edges of the first and second plates can be altered.

8 0 The trailing device may be supported by a pair of castor wheels.

In another form, the invention resides in a wheel hitch comprising a first part that is 00 o attached to or is part of a wheel hub and!or axle, and an attachment part to enable an implement to be attached to or relative to the first part.

Suitably, the wheel hitch sits within the confines of the hub to minimise a striking hazard.

0 N 10 Suitably, the hitch comprises a load plate that sits against the hub to spread the load over the hub.

Brief Description of the Drawings Aspects of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figures 1 and 2 are partial side views of a towing vehicle hitched to a spraying implement in accordance with the present invention, and according to a first embodiment.

Figures 3 and 4 are exploded and assembly drawings of aspects of the hitch assembly according to the first embodiment.

Figure 5 illustrates a wheel hitch according to a second embodiment of the invention attached to a wheel.

Figure 6 illustrates an exploded view of the wheel hitch of figure 5 from the front.

Figure 7 illustrates an exploded view of the wheel hitch of figure 5 from the rear.

Figure 8 illustrates a front assembled view of the wheel hitch.

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Figure 9 illustrates a rear assembled view of the wheel hitch.

Figure 10 illustrates a section view of the wheel hitch according to the second O0 o embodiment of the invention attached to a wheel and in the unclamped position.

Figure 11 illustrates a section view of the wheel hitch identical to that illustrated in figure 10 but with the wheel hitch in the clamping position.

oFigure 12 illustrates another embodiment of the invention with an integral hitch in the 0 N 10 exploded view.

Figure 13 illustrates the hitch of figure 12 in the assembled view.

Detailed Description.

Referring initially to the first embodiment illustrated in figures 1-4, there is provided a hitch assembly generally indicated by arrow 1 for connecting a wheeled trailing device generally indicated by arrow 2 to a wheeled motor driven vehicle generally indicated by arrow 3 via the rear wheels 4 of the vehicle.

The hitch assembly includes two wheel couplings generally indicated by arrow which engage with the hubs 6 of the wheels 4.

Each of the couplings 5 are connected to the trailing vehicle by side arms 7 which are in turn connected to a chassis component 8 of the trailed vehicles 2.

A crossbar 9 connects the side arms 7.

Each of the couplings 5 have first plates 10 which provide a pivotal connection 11 to the side arms 7 via a mounting block 12.

Second plates 13 which are substantially T-shaped are adjustably connected to the first plates.

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The first and second plates 10, 13 each have profiled edges 10a and 13a which are made to be complementary with the rim profile of the wheels to which the couplings 00 o are fitted.

The side arms 7 may be pivoted outwardly about a lockable pivot joint (not shown) so that the arms are readily attached and released from the wheel hubs of the towing Cvehicle.

N 10 Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings illustrate the couplings in more detail.

The first and second plates 10, 13 are adapted to be joined in a manner which enables the spacing between the respective profiled surfaces 10a, 13a to be altered to suit rear wheel hubs of varying sizes.

One way of achieving the ability to alter the spacings is to provide a fixture pin 14 on the first plates 10 and a slot 15 on the second plate 13. Rail grooves or the like (not shown) can be used to align the plates in a straight line.

The pin 14 is provided with a thread and a nut (not shown) and can be used to secure the plates together.

The side arms 7 and mounting block 12 are used to support a bearing housing 16, the longitudinal axis X:X of which coincides with the axis of rotation of the rear wheels of the towing vehicle.

The journalling arrangement enables the plates 10, 13 to rotate with respect to the side arms whilst the towing vehicle is in motion and in addition, ensures that the towed vehicle follows the contour of the trailing surface. This is particularly important in relation to spraying operations especially where contact with vegetation is required.

The tracking vehicles 2 may be of varying types for varying purposes.

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C The chassis 8 of the trailing vehicles are supported by castor wheels 15 which provide enhanced manoeuvrability and are less likely to cause damage to supporting surfaces 00 o than conventional wheels.

Referring to the second embodiment illustrated in figures 5-11, this embodiment allows the wheel hitch to be left permanently attached to a wheel even when not c required. In this embodiment, the wheel hitch basically comprises an inner member 0 (stub 20), an outer member (collar 21), a plurality of clamping arm assemblies 22, and 0 an adjusting bolt 23 that enables a towed or pushed implement to be attached to the wheel hitch.

Stub 20 is substantially hollow (see figure 7) and comprises a circular inner end 24 which faces the central part of the wheel (see figure 10 and figure 11). Stub 20 has an outer end 25 which contains an opening into which collar 21 can pass as will be described in greater detail below. Stub 20 is provided with a plurality (in this case five) attachment brackets 26 which are equally spaced about stub 20 and each bracket contains an opening to attach part of a clamping arm assembly 22 as will be described in greater detail below.

Collar 21 has an inner end 27 (see figure 7) which is open and which is adapted to pass into the open end of stub 20. This is best illustrated in figure 10 and figure 11.

Collar 21 contains a central passageway through which a screw 28 can pass. Screw 28 engages with a threaded bore 29 (see figure 10) in stub 20 and therefore attaches collar 21 to stub 20. However, screw 28 adjusts the distance that collar 21 passes into the stub 20 and this distance will typically be between 5-50 millimetres. Figure illustrates collar 21 extending only slightly into stub 20, and figure 11 illustrates collar 21 having been screwed further into stub 20 (although the distance is not particularly large). The reason for this is to cause the clamping arm assemblies 22 to move between the clamping and free position as will be described in greater detail below.

Screw 28 sits entirely within the passageway in collar 21 and more towards the inner 'set 12 N end 27 of the passageway. This provides a spacing to enable the adjusting bolt 23 to be inserted into the passageway as illustrated in figure 10 and figure 11. An oc implement 30 can then be attached to bolt 23, as illustrated in figure 5. Importantly, O the implement can be pivotly attached relative to bolt 23 to enable the implement to track an uneven ground surface. Alternatively, bolt 23 can be rotatably attached relative to collar 21.

Collar 21 (best illustrated in figure 7) contains a plurality (in this ease five) sets of O brackets 31 to which a part of the clamping arm assembly 22 can be attached and which will be described in greater detail below.

The clamping arm assembly 22 (in this case five such assemblies is provided basically comprises three parts being a collar link 32 which attaches to collar 2 1, a stub link 3 3 which is substantially L-shaped and which has one part connected to stub 20, and a rim engaging member 34 which can be clamped against and removed from a wheel rim. More specifically, collar link 32 comprises a substantially straight plate having one end which is pivotally attached between a pair of brackets 31 on collar 21. The other end of link 32 is attached to stub link 33. Stub link 33 is substantially L-shaped and comprises a pair of closely spaced apart stub link members in between which link 32 is connected. One end of stub link 33 is pivotally attached to each side of bracket 26 and the other end of stub link 33 is attached to the rim engaging member 34. Rim engaging member 34 comprises a footpad 35 which is adapted to be pressed against an inside surface of the wheel (see figure 11) when the clamping arm assembly is in the clamping position. The other end of rim engaging member 34 contains a nose portion 36 which locks within the wheel rim when the clamping arm assembly 22 is in the clamping position (see figure 11).

In use, the wheel hitch will be in the "unclamped" position illustrated in figures 8-9 and figure 10. In this position, collar 21 is only partially within stub 20 as illustrated in figure 10. The wheel hitch can then be placed against the side of the wheel (see figure 10). Screw 28 is then tightened which causes collar 21 to move further into stub 20 (see figure 11) and this operation causes the clamping arm assemblies to move 13

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to the clamping position. Basically, as collar 21 moves more into stub 20 (and C because collar link 32 is attached to collar 21 while stub link 33 is attached to stub this movement will "rock" the stub link 33 which, in turn, will cause rim 0O O engaging member 34 to move from the unclamping position illustrated in figure 10 to the clamping position illustrated in figure 11.

Loosening screw 28 will cause the reverse operation which is to unclamp the rim rengaging member 34 from the wheel rim.

N 10 Bolt 23 can be removed from collar 21 to minimise any striking hazard or snagging hazard which means that the wheel hitch can be more or less permanently attached to the wheel.

Typically, each rear wheel will be provided with a wheel hitch to enable quick and easy attachment of towed implements in such a manner that the implement can pivot in an up and down manner to enable the implement to have improved ground tracking abilities. The hitch can be attached to the front wheels to enable implements to be placed in front of the vehicle.

Figures 12-13 illustrates another embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the wheel hitch is of a relatively simple design, and instead of being clampingly attached to the wheel rim, the hitch is a more "integral" mounting. In the particular embodiment illustrated in figures 12-13, the wheel hitch comprises a first part which can be seen as a load plate 40. Load plate 40 contains a number of openings 41 to enable it to be fastened to the threaded studs 42 that extend from the wheel hub.

Thus, once attached, the hitch remains in place. The load plate 40 contains a forwardly extending pin or shaft 42 about which an arm 43 can be pivotly mounted in a manner not dissimilar to that described above to ultimately enable an implement to be attached relative to the wheel in a "ground tracking" manner. Load plate contains a number of strengthening bracket members 44 to transfer the load from arm 43 evenly over the load plate 40. Load plate 40 can also transfer the loads over the wheel hub.

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C) Of course, while figures 12-13 illustrate a single embodiment of a wheel hitch that is more permanently attached to the wheel, the invention is not to be limited only to this 00 o specific embodiment and is to include other forms by which an implement can be attached relative to a vehicle wheel as opposed to a towbar or other conventional point of attachments.

N Whilst the present invention has been described in relation to spraying operations, it o will be appreciated that it may apply to other situations in other industries.

0 Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and modifications and additions thereto may be made without departing from the spirit or scope thereof.

Throughout the specification and the claims (if present), unless the context requires otherwise, the term "comprise", or variations such as "comprises" or "comprising", will be understood to apply the inclusion of the stated integer or group of integers but not the exclusion of any other integer or group of integers.

Throughout the specification and claims (if present), unless the context requires otherwise, the term "substantially" or "about" will be understood to not be limited to the value for the range qualified by the terms.

Claims (16)

1. A wheel hitch to enable an implement to be attached to a vehicle, the 00 O wheel hitch comprising wheel attachment means that is releasably attachable to a wheel of the vehicle and implement attachment means to enable an implement to be attached to the hitch.

2. A wheel hitch to enable an implement to be attached to a vehicle, the O wheel hitch comprising wheel attachment means attached to, or forming part of, a 0 wheel and/or hub and/or axle of the vehicle, and implement attachment means to enable an implement to be attached to the hitch.

3. The hitch as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the vehicle comprises a quadracycle.

4. The hitch as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, which is attached to each rear wheel of the vehicle. The hitch as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, wherein the implement comprises spraying devices, weed wiping devices, fertilising devices, spreaders, mowers, soil working implements, and/or devices to pick up objects from the ground.

6. The hitch as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising a wheel attachment means which is releasably attachable to the rim of a wheel.

7. The hitch as claimed in claim 6, wherein the wheel attachment means comprises a clamping assembly to enable the attachment means to be clampingly attached to the wheel.

8. The hitch as claimed in claim 7, comprising a plurality of clamping assemblies, and typically between 2-6 clamping assemblies. 16 0

9. The hitch as claimed in claim 7, wherein the clamping assembly o comprises a first part called a collar link and which is attached to one part of the O attachment means, a second part called a stub link and which is pivotally attachable to the first part and to part of the attachment means, and a third part that is called a rim engaging member and which is pivotally attached to the second part. en3 I 10. The hitch as claimed in claim 9, wherein the attachment means further O comprises an inner member called a stub, which, in use, is adapted to be positioned 0 10 adjacent the wheel, and the second part of the clamping arm assembly is attached to the inner member and the inner member contains an open-ended internal cavity.

11. The hitch as claimed in claim 10, wherein the attachment means comprises an outer member called a collar which is attached to the inner member and is adjustably attached thereto such that the collar can move away from and towards the inner member, and the first part of the clamping arm assembly is attached to the outer member.

12. The hitch as claimed in claim 11, wherein a fastener such as a screw or like member is used to adjust the outer member relative to the inner member in the manner described above.

13. The hitch as claimed in any one of the preceding claims comprising an implement attachment means to enable an implement to be attached to the wheel hitch.

14. The hitch as claimed in claim 13, wherein the implement attachment means comprises a projection or a recess or a combination thereof on the wheel hitch to which an implement can be attached either directly or indirectly (for instance via a link member). The hitch as claimed in claim 14, wherein an adjusting bolt is provided t 17 O that is attached to the outer member and which can provide an attachment means for the implement. oo 00 O 16. A hitch assembly for connecting a wheeled device which has a chassis, two side arms and at least one ground wheel to a wheeled motor driven vehicle having rear wheels, the assembly including two couplings which engage with hubs of the rear wheels of the motor driven vehicle and pivot connections for pivotably connecting ends of the side arms to the couplings in a manner which enables the trailing vehicle O to track over uneven ground following the contour of the ground. 0 N

17. The assembly as claimed in claim 16, wherein each of the couplings comprises first plates which provide the pivotal connections to the side arms and second plates adjustably connected to the first plates, the first and second plates having profiled edges which are complementary to the profile of the rims of the rear wheels of the motor driven vehicle said couplings being adapted to engage and rotate with the rear wheels.

18. The hitch as claimed in claim 17, wherein the first plates are elongate and the second plates are semi-circular.

19. The hitch as claimed in claim 18, wherein the first plates are adjustable with respect to the second plates so that the spacings between the profiled edges of the first and second plates can be altered.

20. A wheel hitch substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the illustrations. DATED: 8 December 2004 Techni Gro Weed Control Pty Ltd By its Patent Attorneys Cullen Co.