AU2003901795A0 - Methods and systems for object indentification and interaction - Google Patents

Methods and systems for object indentification and interaction

Info

Publication number
AU2003901795A0
AU2003901795A0 AU2003901795A AU2003901795A AU2003901795A0 AU 2003901795 A0 AU2003901795 A0 AU 2003901795A0 AU 2003901795 A AU2003901795 A AU 2003901795A AU 2003901795 A AU2003901795 A AU 2003901795A AU 2003901795 A0 AU2003901795 A0 AU 2003901795A0
Authority
AU
Australia
Prior art keywords
indentification
interaction
systems
methods
object indentification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
AU2003901795A
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd filed Critical Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd
Priority to AU2003901795A priority Critical patent/AU2003901795A0/en
Publication of AU2003901795A0 publication Critical patent/AU2003901795A0/en
Priority to AU2004227425A priority patent/AU2004227425A1/en
Priority to US10/815,620 priority patent/US7537160B2/en
Priority to PCT/AU2004/000436 priority patent/WO2004090047A1/en
Priority to US10/815,647 priority patent/US7357323B2/en
Priority to US10/815,644 priority patent/US7137549B2/en
Priority to US10/815,643 priority patent/US7097094B2/en
Priority to US10/815,610 priority patent/US7450273B2/en
Priority to US10/815,641 priority patent/US7207485B2/en
Priority to PCT/AU2004/000434 priority patent/WO2004090760A1/en
Priority to US10/815,626 priority patent/US7159777B2/en
Priority to US10/815,645 priority patent/US7197374B2/en
Priority to PCT/AU2004/000435 priority patent/WO2004090761A1/en
Priority to US10/815,628 priority patent/US7465342B2/en
Priority to US10/815,609 priority patent/US7457007B2/en
Priority to US10/815,617 priority patent/US7819323B2/en
Priority to US10/815,621 priority patent/US20040210397A1/en
Priority to US10/815,629 priority patent/US7243849B2/en
Priority to CA002519411A priority patent/CA2519411A1/en
Priority to US10/815,618 priority patent/US20040199424A1/en
Priority to EP04725231A priority patent/EP1680758A4/en
Priority to US10/815,623 priority patent/US7097106B2/en
Priority to EP04725242A priority patent/EP1616289A4/en
Priority to US10/815,649 priority patent/US7128270B2/en
Priority to AU2004228065A priority patent/AU2004228065B2/en
Priority to EP04725232A priority patent/EP1668575A4/en
Priority to US10/815,648 priority patent/US7128265B2/en
Priority to US10/815,635 priority patent/US20040215516A1/en
Priority to US10/815,638 priority patent/US8113950B2/en
Priority to US10/815,646 priority patent/US7175089B2/en
Priority to PCT/AU2004/000400 priority patent/WO2004090798A1/en
Priority to PCT/AU2004/000437 priority patent/WO2004090803A1/en
Priority to US10/815,622 priority patent/US7070110B2/en
Priority to US10/815,633 priority patent/US7207483B2/en
Priority to AU2004227426A priority patent/AU2004227426B2/en
Priority to US10/815,616 priority patent/US7270266B2/en
Priority to US10/815,614 priority patent/US20040210319A1/en
Priority to US10/815,625 priority patent/US7204941B2/en
Priority to US10/815,642 priority patent/US20040196489A1/en
Priority to US10/815,612 priority patent/US7243835B2/en
Priority to US10/815,631 priority patent/US7131596B2/en
Priority to AU2004227423A priority patent/AU2004227423B2/en
Priority to US10/815,611 priority patent/US7188769B2/en
Priority to US10/815,636 priority patent/US7605940B2/en
Priority to US10/815,619 priority patent/US7296737B2/en
Priority to US10/815,632 priority patent/US7137566B2/en
Priority to AU2004227424A priority patent/AU2004227424B2/en
Priority to US10/815,634 priority patent/US7654454B2/en
Priority to CA2521390A priority patent/CA2521390C/en
Priority to US10/815,639 priority patent/US7156292B2/en
Priority to EP04725236A priority patent/EP1706810A4/en
Priority to PCT/AU2004/000401 priority patent/WO2004090796A1/en
Priority to US10/815,615 priority patent/US7178719B2/en
Priority to EP04725239A priority patent/EP1616288A4/en
Priority to US10/815,630 priority patent/US7832626B2/en
Priority to US10/815,613 priority patent/US7506808B2/en
Priority to AU2004227422A priority patent/AU2004227422B2/en
Priority to US10/815,624 priority patent/US7282164B2/en
Priority to US10/815,627 priority patent/US7150398B2/en
Priority to US11/124,198 priority patent/US7991432B2/en
Priority to IL171050A priority patent/IL171050A/en
Priority to US11/442,381 priority patent/US7314177B2/en
Priority to US11/446,240 priority patent/US7314181B2/en
Priority to US11/480,957 priority patent/US7469836B2/en
Priority to US11/499,748 priority patent/US7267273B2/en
Priority to US11/738,974 priority patent/US7427015B2/en
Priority to US11/764,694 priority patent/US7568629B2/en
Priority to US11/834,628 priority patent/US7383991B2/en
Priority to US11/839,497 priority patent/US7383984B2/en
Priority to US11/845,672 priority patent/US7785502B2/en
Priority to AU2007231656A priority patent/AU2007231656B2/en
Priority to AU2007231632A priority patent/AU2007231632B2/en
Priority to AU2007231657A priority patent/AU2007231657B2/en
Priority to AU2007231653A priority patent/AU2007231653B2/en
Priority to AU2007231655A priority patent/AU2007231655B2/en
Priority to AU2007231658A priority patent/AU2007231658B2/en
Priority to US11/944,449 priority patent/US7637437B2/en
Priority to US11/957,470 priority patent/US7566009B2/en
Priority to US12/043,851 priority patent/US7648068B2/en
Priority to US12/047,321 priority patent/US7823769B2/en
Priority to US12/117,624 priority patent/US8022943B2/en
Priority to US12/143,811 priority patent/US20080251585A1/en
Priority to US12/169,620 priority patent/US7874481B2/en
Priority to US12/169,619 priority patent/US8079517B2/en
Priority to US12/169,617 priority patent/US7934650B2/en
Priority to US12/169,622 priority patent/US7946485B2/en
Priority to US12/169,616 priority patent/US7721961B2/en
Priority to US12/188,144 priority patent/US8091771B2/en
Priority to US12/234,687 priority patent/US7612923B2/en
Priority to US12/247,151 priority patent/US7702187B2/en
Priority to US12/273,412 priority patent/US20090121031A1/en
Priority to US12/276,385 priority patent/US7918399B2/en
Priority to US12/324,690 priority patent/US8132729B2/en
Priority to US12/368,975 priority patent/US7617976B2/en
Priority to US12/493,234 priority patent/US7878408B2/en
Priority to US12/500,596 priority patent/US7900841B2/en
Priority to US12/568,635 priority patent/US8416468B2/en
Priority to US12/605,959 priority patent/US7961360B2/en
Priority to US12/628,061 priority patent/US7878416B2/en
Priority to US12/649,009 priority patent/US20100096450A1/en
Priority to US12/689,999 priority patent/US20100140352A1/en
Priority to US12/756,963 priority patent/US8284461B2/en
Priority to US12/778,085 priority patent/US8322612B2/en
Priority to US12/905,066 priority patent/US20110024493A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

AU2003901795A 1999-05-25 2003-04-15 Methods and systems for object indentification and interaction Abandoned AU2003901795A0 (en)

Priority Applications (104)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003901795A AU2003901795A0 (en) 2003-04-15 2003-04-15 Methods and systems for object indentification and interaction
AU2004227425A AU2004227425A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Locations based promotions
US10/815,620 US7537160B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Combined sensing device
PCT/AU2004/000436 WO2004090047A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Water-based dithiolene infrared inkjet inks
US10/815,647 US7357323B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Obtaining product item assistance
US10/815,644 US7137549B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Token redemption
US10/815,643 US7097094B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Electronic token redemption
US10/815,610 US7450273B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Laser scanner using acousto-optic deflectors
US10/815,641 US7207485B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Automatic packaging system
PCT/AU2004/000434 WO2004090760A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Competition entry
US10/815,626 US7159777B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Transparent conveyor for check-out scanning
US10/815,645 US7197374B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Robotic assembly
PCT/AU2004/000435 WO2004090761A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Locations based promotions
US10/815,628 US7465342B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Method of minimizing absorption of visible light in ink compositions comprising infrared metal-dithiolene dyes
US10/815,609 US7457007B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Laser scanning device for printed product identification codes
US10/815,617 US7819323B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Communication facilitation
US10/815,621 US20040210397A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Competition entry
US10/815,629 US7243849B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Handheld coded data reader
CA002519411A CA2519411A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Obtaining product item assistance
US10/815,618 US20040199424A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Dynamic user registration
EP04725231A EP1680758A4 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Obtaining product item assistance
US10/815,623 US7097106B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Handheld laser scanner
EP04725242A EP1616289A4 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Sensing device for coded data
US10/815,649 US7128270B2 (en) 1999-09-17 2004-04-02 Scanning device for coded data
AU2004228065A AU2004228065B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Water-based dithiolene infrared inkjet inks
EP04725232A EP1668575A4 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Locations based promotions
US10/815,648 US7128265B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Orientation determination
US10/815,635 US20040215516A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Locations based promotions
US10/815,638 US8113950B2 (en) 1999-05-25 2004-04-02 Competition entry with limited return messaging
US10/815,646 US7175089B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Face determination
PCT/AU2004/000400 WO2004090798A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Sensing device for coded data
PCT/AU2004/000437 WO2004090803A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Obtaining product item assistance
US10/815,622 US7070110B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Hand-wearable coded data reader
US10/815,633 US7207483B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Shopping receptacle with in-built user interface
AU2004227426A AU2004227426B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Obtaining product item assistance
US10/815,616 US7270266B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Card for facilitating user interaction
US10/815,614 US20040210319A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Printing coded data
US10/815,625 US7204941B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Water-based dithiolene infrared inkjet inks
US10/815,642 US20040196489A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Coupon redemption
US10/815,612 US7243835B2 (en) 1999-05-25 2004-04-02 Competition entry via label
US10/815,631 US7131596B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Symmetric data tags
AU2004227423A AU2004227423B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Laser scanning device for printed product identification codes
US10/815,611 US7188769B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Laser scanner using rotating holographic optical element
US10/815,636 US7605940B2 (en) 1999-09-17 2004-04-02 Sensing device for coded data
US10/815,619 US7296737B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Shopping receptacle with in-built scales
US10/815,632 US7137566B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Product identity data
AU2004227424A AU2004227424B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Competition entry
US10/815,634 US7654454B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Product item status
CA2521390A CA2521390C (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Sensing device for coded data
US10/815,639 US7156292B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Validating competition entry
EP04725236A EP1706810A4 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Competition entry
PCT/AU2004/000401 WO2004090796A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Laser scanning device for printed product identification codes
US10/815,615 US7178719B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Facilitating user interaction
EP04725239A EP1616288A4 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Laser scanning device for printed product identification codes
US10/815,630 US7832626B2 (en) 1999-05-25 2004-04-02 Anonymous competition entry
US10/815,613 US7506808B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Shopping receptacle with in-built scanner
AU2004227422A AU2004227422B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Sensing device for coded data
US10/815,624 US7282164B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Stabilized dithiolene inkjet inks
US10/815,627 US7150398B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2004-04-02 Multi-angle laser scanner
US11/124,198 US7991432B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2005-05-09 Method of printing a voucher based on geographical location
IL171050A IL171050A (en) 2003-04-07 2005-09-22 Sensing device for coded data
US11/442,381 US7314177B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2006-05-30 Wearable product reading device
US11/446,240 US7314181B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2006-06-05 Symmetric product identifying tags
US11/480,957 US7469836B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2006-07-06 Hand-held laser scanning device for scanning a product item
US11/499,748 US7267273B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2006-08-07 Packing system
US11/738,974 US7427015B2 (en) 1999-05-25 2007-04-23 System for enabling competition entry via label
US11/764,694 US7568629B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-06-18 Shopping system comprising reading device
US11/834,628 US7383991B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-08-06 Packing system having interactive objects
US11/839,497 US7383984B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-08-15 Shopping system having user interactive identity and product items
US11/845,672 US7785502B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-08-27 Method of enabling entry of data into a computer system via a printed form
AU2007231656A AU2007231656B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-10-25 Handheld laser scanner
AU2007231632A AU2007231632B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-10-25 Laser scanner using rotating holographic optical element
AU2007231657A AU2007231657B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-10-25 Hand-wearable coded data reader
AU2007231653A AU2007231653B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-10-25 Multi-Angle Laser Scanner
AU2007231655A AU2007231655B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-10-25 Laser scanner using acousto-optic deflectors
AU2007231658A AU2007231658B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-10-25 Handheld coded data reader
US11/944,449 US7637437B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-11-22 Requesting assistance using a registration mode
US11/957,470 US7566009B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2007-12-16 Reading device having a harness
US12/043,851 US7648068B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-03-06 Shopping cart system with automatic shopping item total calculator
US12/047,321 US7823769B2 (en) 1999-05-25 2008-03-13 System for enabling competition entry and display via label
US12/117,624 US8022943B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-05-08 Controller arrangement for an optical sensing pen
US12/143,811 US20080251585A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-06-22 Object scanning system with a sensing device for generating indicating data
US12/169,620 US7874481B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-07-08 Method of maintaining product status
US12/169,619 US8079517B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-07-08 Method of maintaining product item status using computer system
US12/169,617 US7934650B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-07-08 Method of maintaining product status using regionally coded interface
US12/169,622 US7946485B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-07-08 Method of maintaining product status with invisibly coded interface
US12/169,616 US7721961B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-07-08 Method of maintaining product item status using coded interface
US12/188,144 US8091771B2 (en) 1999-05-25 2008-08-07 Method for managing competition entry with printed labels
US12/234,687 US7612923B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-09-21 Scanning device for scanning interface surface of product item
US12/247,151 US7702187B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-10-07 Scanner for scanning items marked with near-infrared tags
US12/273,412 US20090121031A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-11-18 Method of minimizing visible coloration of substrate
US12/276,385 US7918399B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-11-23 Portable scanning device for scanning product item
US12/324,690 US8132729B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2008-11-26 Sensing device
US12/368,975 US7617976B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2009-02-10 Shopping receptacle for receiving interactive product items
US12/493,234 US7878408B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2009-06-28 Finger tip data reading device
US12/500,596 US7900841B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2009-07-10 Shopping system comprising product item and reading device
US12/568,635 US8416468B2 (en) 1999-09-17 2009-09-28 Sensing device for subsampling imaged coded data
US12/605,959 US7961360B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2009-10-26 Scanning device for scanning interface surface
US12/628,061 US7878416B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2009-11-30 Product item registration
US12/649,009 US20100096450A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2009-12-29 Shopping Cart With Multifunctional Data Tag Reader
US12/689,999 US20100140352A1 (en) 2003-04-07 2010-01-19 Method Of Updating Product Status
US12/756,963 US8284461B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2010-04-08 Scanner for scanning items marked with tags
US12/778,085 US8322612B2 (en) 2003-04-07 2010-05-11 Method of maintaining product status using coded tags
US12/905,066 US20110024493A1 (en) 1999-05-25 2010-10-14 System for providing anonymous competition entry

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003901795A AU2003901795A0 (en) 2003-04-15 2003-04-15 Methods and systems for object indentification and interaction

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AU2003901795A0 true AU2003901795A0 (en) 2003-05-01

Family

ID=31500832

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AU2003901795A Abandoned AU2003901795A0 (en) 1999-05-25 2003-04-15 Methods and systems for object indentification and interaction

Country Status (1)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2003901795A0 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8538458B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2013-09-17 X One, Inc. Location sharing and tracking using mobile phones or other wireless devices

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8538458B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2013-09-17 X One, Inc. Location sharing and tracking using mobile phones or other wireless devices
US8712441B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2014-04-29 Xone, Inc. Methods and systems for temporarily sharing position data between mobile-device users
US8750898B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2014-06-10 X One, Inc. Methods and systems for annotating target locations
US8798645B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2014-08-05 X One, Inc. Methods and systems for sharing position data and tracing paths between mobile-device users
US8798647B1 (en) 2005-04-04 2014-08-05 X One, Inc. Tracking proximity of services provider to services consumer
US8798593B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2014-08-05 X One, Inc. Location sharing and tracking using mobile phones or other wireless devices
US8831635B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2014-09-09 X One, Inc. Methods and apparatuses for transmission of an alert to multiple devices
US9615204B1 (en) 2005-04-04 2017-04-04 X One, Inc. Techniques for communication within closed groups of mobile devices
US9942705B1 (en) 2005-04-04 2018-04-10 X One, Inc. Location sharing group for services provision
US9955298B1 (en) 2005-04-04 2018-04-24 X One, Inc. Methods, systems and apparatuses for the formation and tracking of location sharing groups
US9967704B1 (en) 2005-04-04 2018-05-08 X One, Inc. Location sharing group map management
US10149092B1 (en) 2005-04-04 2018-12-04 X One, Inc. Location sharing service between GPS-enabled wireless devices, with shared target location exchange
US10165059B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2018-12-25 X One, Inc. Methods, systems and apparatuses for the formation and tracking of location sharing groups
US10200811B1 (en) 2005-04-04 2019-02-05 X One, Inc. Map presentation on cellular device showing positions of multiple other wireless device users
US10299071B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2019-05-21 X One, Inc. Server-implemented methods and systems for sharing location amongst web-enabled cell phones
US10313826B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2019-06-04 X One, Inc. Location sharing and map support in connection with services request
US10341808B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2019-07-02 X One, Inc. Location sharing for commercial and proprietary content applications
US10341809B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2019-07-02 X One, Inc. Location sharing with facilitated meeting point definition
US10750310B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2020-08-18 X One, Inc. Temporary location sharing group with event based termination
US10750309B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2020-08-18 X One, Inc. Ad hoc location sharing group establishment for wireless devices with designated meeting point
US10791414B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2020-09-29 X One, Inc. Location sharing for commercial and proprietary content applications
US11356799B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2022-06-07 X One, Inc. Fleet location sharing application in association with services provision
US11778415B2 (en) 2005-04-04 2023-10-03 Xone, Inc. Location sharing application in association with services provision

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1664837B8 (en) Object detection system and object detection method
AU2003282478A1 (en) Discount-instrument methods and systems
AU2003265190A1 (en) Methods and systems for improved boundary contrast
AU2003900780A0 (en) Analysis system and procedure
AU2003228256A1 (en) Locating system and method
AU2003294558A1 (en) Flooring systems and methods
AU2003268777A1 (en) Carrying system
AU2003285656A1 (en) System with macrocommands
WO2005008530A8 (en) System and method for comparing objects
AU2003215359A1 (en) System and method for object activation
EP1695291A4 (en) Systems and methods for communicating
AU2003232418A1 (en) Systems and methods for pile-processing parallel-processors
AU2004222932A1 (en) Systems and methods for plasma containment
AU2003901795A0 (en) Methods and systems for object indentification and interaction
AU2003220988A1 (en) Project information providing system and project information providing method
AU2003901617A0 (en) Methods and systems for object identification and interaction
AU2003225169A1 (en) Method and system for specialty sportball construction
AU2003300437A1 (en) Methods and systems for text segmentation
AU2003267622A1 (en) Search method and system
GB0312794D0 (en) Publication method and system
AU2004904468A0 (en) Introduction system and method
AU2004903564A0 (en) Introduction system and method
AU2003206249A1 (en) Method and system for providing advertisements
AU2004901169A0 (en) Rule based system and method
AU2003906452A0 (en) Booking system and methods