AU2003264302A1

AU2003264302A1 - An impact wrench type tool or adapter

Info

Publication number: AU2003264302A1
Application number: AU2003264302A
Authority: AU
Original assignee: Cartmell Joy Pauline; Cartmell Victor William Robert
Current assignee: Cartmell Joy Pauline; Cartmell Victor William Robert
Priority date: 2002-11-29
Filing date: 2003-11-27
Publication date: 2004-06-17

Description

AUSTRALIA

Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION STANDARD PATENT Applicant(s): VICTOR WILLIAM ROBERT CARTMELL JOY PAULINE CARTMELL Invention Title: AN IMPACT WRENCH TYPE TOOL OR ADAPTER The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me/us: 2 An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter The present invention relates generally to impact type tools or adapters for producing and/or transmitting a pulsed force to a fastener. More particularly the present invention relates to a impact wrench type tool or adapter which is simple in construction, compact in size and substantially universal in application allowing a pulsed force, such as a pulsed torque or percussive force, to be applied to a ""frozen"" fastener in order to move the fastener, particularly to undo the fastener. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to a device having at least two components which are movable with respect to each other in which one of the components receives drive from a suitable driving means and is provided with one form of a cooperatively engageable element and another of the components which can be connected either directly or indirectly to the fastener is provided with a second form of a cooperatively engageable element the two cooperatively engageable elements cooperate with one another such that one element has limited rotation with respect to the other element in order to provide an impact, pulsed force, torque, or the like to the ""frozen"" fastener.

The present invention provides particular application as an impact tool or adapter or similar device, which is compatible with the sockets of existing socket sets so that it can be inserted into a string of sockets and drive rods or the like in combination with one another to allow an impulse force or the like to be applied to the ""frozen"" fastener, typically to undo the fastener. By selecting different sized sockets the adapter can be used to undo a wide variety of differently sized fasteners, such as for example, the wheel nuts of a motor vehicle.

\\melb _iles\home$\susanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 3 Although the present invention will be described with particular reference to one or more forms of the impact device it is to be noted that the scope of the present invention is not restricted to the described forms but rather the scope of the present invention is more extensive so as to include other forms, arrangements and variations of the tool or device and the use of the various forms in applications other than those described.

There is a need to undo "frozen" fasteners such as screws, nuts, bolts and the like. Impact wrenches are one example of devices that are presently used in the loosening of bolts, nuts, studs or the like that are ""frozen"". The fasteners can be "frozen" due to rust, over tightening, corrosion, by being subjected to harsh environment, being painted over, sealed with sealing compounds, such as Loktite® or the like. One particular example where it is often difficult to undo a "frozen" fastener is where there is a puncture to the tyre of one of the road wheels of a motor vehicle and the wheel nuts holding the wheel onto the vehicle have been attached by a pneumatic wrench or similar tightening tool or have rusted. In such circumstances it is almost impossible using normal muscle power to remove the wheel nut using a conventional wheel brace or lug wrench or the like owing to the wheel nut being substantially over tightened by the action of the pneumatic wrench or being rusted to the wheel. Often, impact wrenches of one or other design must be used to remove the stubborn wheel nut. However, existing impact or slugging wrenches or the like either require the wrench to be struck by an implement, such as a hammer or the like, or the wrenches have a complicated mechanical mechanism for applying an impulse to the stubborn fastener which adds to the size and bulk of the device as well as the cost or the wrenches have arms, legs, or other projections extending outwardly from the wrench, particularly at an angle, making the use of such wrenches \\melbfiles\home$\usanp\keep\An Impact Wr ench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 4 in confined spaces difficult, if not impossible. This limits the usefulness of previously available wrenches.

Therefore, there is a need for a simple, low cost, compact wrench type tool or adapter which can be used in confined spaces and does not require the use of a hammer or similar striking implement to input the percussive force to the "frozen" fastener.

Another disadvantage of current impact type tools or slugging wrenches is that the wrenches are designed to fit a specific sized nut or bolt, necessitating the user having an entire set of different sized wrenches to meet the various situations of different sized and shaped fasteners that may be encountered. Therefore there is a need for a device which is more flexible in use and more universal in application, and which is of low cost so that it can be purchased by a home mechanic or handyman.

Another example of a "frozen" fastener is a screw which has rusted in place or has been painted over such that the slot of the screw is filled with paint or similar so that it is not possible to obtain sufficient grip or purchase between the screw driver tip and the screw head to remove the screw using a conventional screw driver.

Thus, it is an aim of some embodiments of the present invention to provide an impact type tool or adapter which is compact in size, simple in construction, low of cost and has more universal application so that it can form part of the tool box of a motorist, mechanic, home handyman or the like. The device of the present invention is adaptable or flexible so as to be able to be used in connection with a wide variety of different types and/or sizes of fasteners. Further, it is another aim of some embodiments of the present invention to provide an adapter or similar which can be located between an operating \\relbfiles\homeSksaumanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 5 handle and a socket to provide a pulsed shock or the like to a stubborn fastener or the like.

According to one aspect of the present invention there is provided an impact wrench type tool or adapter useful in applying an impulse force to a fastener to move the fastener comprising at least one first portion arranged to receive drive from a driving means and having a first impulse force producing element, and at least one second portion arranged to transmit the pulsed force to the fastener and having a second impulse producing element, said first and second impulse producing elements being complementary and cooperatively engagable with one another and having limited movement with respect to one another so that when the first portion is driven by the driving means the first impulse force producing element is free to move with respect to the second impulse producing element before cooperatively engaging with the second impulse producing element so as to produce the pulsed force which is applied to the fastener.

According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided an impact wrench type tool or adapter useful in applying an impulse torque to a fastener such as a ""frozen"" fastener or the like comprising a first member which is a driven socket having an aperture and a second member provided with a drive element having a projection arranged so that the projection is received in the aperture, said second portion is adapted for engaging the fastener either directly or indirectly so that when the driven socket is driven the projection is initially free to move in the aperture until the projection contacts an end wall of the aperture thereby producing a pulsed force within the second portion which is transmitted to the fastener in order to facilitate movement of the fastener.

\\melb_Eile\homeS\susanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 6 Typically one form of the device of the present invention is an impact wrench tool whereas another form is an adapter for use with a multi-sized socket set or the like.

More typically, the device is provided with an operating member which can be part of the device or can be a separate device. Typically, the operating member is replaceable detachable from the device. The operating member can be integral with the device or it can be connected to the device. Typically, the operating member is a drive means. More typically the drive means includes a drive element and a handle. Even more typically, the drive element is a male drive member or projecting drive element. Even more typically, the drive member is a square drive or hexagonal drive element or the like.

The device of the present invention is particularly adapted for use in loosening the wheel nuts of a motor vehicle which have been over tightened, corroded, rusted or the like. Typically, the device can be located intermediate a suitable drive element and a socket such as for example as in a combination or string of drive rods, elements or the like and sockets. However, it is to be noted that the device can be used to loosen and/or tighten any suitable fastener depending upon the direction of rotation of the drive or operating member.

Typically the first component which is arranged to receive drive from the driving means is a receiving component, female component arrangement, sleeve arrangement, collar arrangement or the like having a recess or aperture for receiving a suitable drive means. More typically the recess is a substantially rectangular recess or aperture having one or more flat sides. More typically the recess is a square drive recess for receiving a square drive element or the like. Alternatively, the recess is \\melbfileshomeS\suannp\keep;An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 7 hexagonal for receiving a complementary shaped hexagonal drive element.

Typically, the operating member is the drive means.

Typically, the impulse force is a shock force, percussive force, shock pulse, a pulsed force, a pulsed torque, a percussive torque or the like. Typically, this force or torque is produced as a result of repeated movement of the drive element and/or first component. Even more typically, the force is produced by repeated movement in opposite directions. Even more typically, the movement is rotary movement.

Typically the driving means is a square drive projection or male projection. More typically the male projection is square sided.

Typically the first impulse force producing element is a aperture. Typically an elongate aperture such as a slot, more typically a generally arcuate slot. Even more typically the slot extends at least partially circumferentially around the perimeter of the first portion. More typically, there are two arcuate apertures, typically spaced apart from each other. In other embodiments there may be more than two slots in staggered relationship to one another, typically axially staggered with respect to each other.

Typically, the slot or slots extend from about 300 to about 2700, typically from about 450 to 1800, more typically about 600 to 1500, more typically from about 700 to about 1400, depending upon the number, location and size of the slots and their orientation with respect to each other.

Typically, the aperture may be a recess, groove, track or similar located within the wall of the first component or \\melbf£lles\home$\Bsuanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 8 the aperture may extend through the wall of the first component. More typically, the slot may be linear, curved, L-shaped or the like.

Typically, the second portion is a projecting member, male component, shaft arrangement, axle arrangement or the like, having one, two, three, four or more projections.

More typically, the second component is solid. Even more typically, the second component comprises a number of different sections, portions, profiles, shapes or the like.

Typically the second impulse producing element is a projection. More typically one, two, three, four or more projections. More typically, a dual projection or a dual projection for each slot of the first impulse force producing element. Even more typically, the each or all projections extend radially outwardly from the component, preferably the dual projections or pairs of projections extend in diametrically opposed directions to one another.

Even more typically, the projection is one or more pins extending radially from the male component.

Typically, the pin or pins are received in the slot or slots, recess or recesses of the collar or sleeve component. More typically, the slots and pins are free to move with respect to each other until the ends of the slot and pin contact one another in which position free rotation of one with respect to the other is prevented and the two components must rotate in unison. More typically, when the pin and slot end come into contact with each other an impulse force is transmitted to the male or shaft component by the sleeve or collar component.

Typically, the male component is connected to a socket for cooperatively engaging with the fastener. More typically, \\melb_files\home$\susanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter,doc 27/11/03 9 the socket is a replaceable socket or interchangeable socket.

The present invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 is a side isometric view of one embodiment of the device of the present invention in the form of an adapter; Figure 2 is an exploded side isometric view of another embodiment of the device of the present invention in the form of a tool provided with an operating handle; Figure 3 is a partial cross sectional view in exploded form of the embodiment of figure 2; Figure 4 is a cross sectional view taken along the line A to A of figure 3; Figure 5 is a cross sectional view taken along the line B to B of figure 3; Figure 6 is a partial section view partial side view of one form of one of the components of figure 1 being essentially a receiving or female component; Figure 7 is a partial section view partial side view of one form of another of the components of figure 1 being an essentially projecting or male component.

Figure 8 is a side view showing the adapter of the present invention in use between a drive member and a socket.

Figure 9 is a side schematic view of another form of the device of the present invention showing a generally "Lshaped" slot.

\\melb_files\home$\susanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 10 In figures 1, 6, 7 and 8 there is shown one embodiment of the device of the present invention which is in the form of an adapter that is suitable for use with a conventional socket set such as, for example, a socket of a suitable size for loosening a wheel nut of a vehicle which has been over tightened.

The adapter, generally denoted as 2 comprises two components 4 and The first component 4 is an essentially a female or receiving component or hollow component in the form of a sleeve, collar or similar arrangement which can be referred to as a female or sleeve component. The female component 4 is a substantially hollow cylindrical tubular body having a side wall 6, a square drive aperture 8 located at or towards one end of the body. Two generally arcuate slots 10 are provided in side wall 6 of female component 4 in spaced apart relationship to one another.

Although the embodiment of figure 1 is provided with two similar arcuate slots located substantially diagonally .opposite each other within the one plane it is to be noted that depending upon the construction of adapter 2 there can be any number of slots in body 4 and the slots can take any shape, size, configuration or orientation. As an example, in another embodiment the slots can be spaced axially from each other so that there is a pair of slots.

This arrangement will allow greater rotational movement to produce increased impact as will be described in more detail later in this specification. Since the slots can each be greater than 180° extending beyond 2700 or the like.

In one embodiment the arcuate slot 10 is a substantially linearly extending slot whereas in other embodiments the slot is generally L shaped as shown more particularly in \\relb files\home$\susanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 11 figure 9 having a transverse section 62 and an axial section 64 in which the axial section 64 allows the two components 4,20 to be joined together whilst the transverse section 62 allows for the impact force to be generated by relative rotation of one component with respect to the other component The end of body 4 remote from square aperture end 8 is open so as to form an open end 12 in order to receive part of the second component 20. In a still further embodiment (not shown) square aperture 8 is a hexagonally shaped aperture.

The other component, component 20, is a male or projecting component or solid component 20 or shaft arrangement or similar and is generally a solid shaft having a substantially cylindrical body 22 located at or towards one end and a substantially square drive protection or tang 24 located at or towards the other end. However, it is to be noted that projection 24 can be hexagonal in shape or the like. The cylindrical body 22 and square drive protection 24 are separated by an annular shaped flange 26 extending circumferentially around the perimeter of the male component 20 at or towards a central position intermediate its ends and is located in a position where the cylindrical body 22 joins the square projection 24.

A pin 28 is located diagonally through the cylindrical body 22 at or towards one end of the body 22. The ends of the pin 28 extend radially outwardly from the circumference of the cylindrical body 22. It is to be noted that any number of pins or projections extending radially outwardly from the body may be provided in accordance with the end use of the adapter. In some embodiments there may be a single pin or in other embodiments there may be a pair of pins, or there may be dual pins. In still further embodiments the pins may be \\melbfiles\home$\usanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 12 located in a common plane or the pins may be located offset or staggered with respect to each other. It is to be noted that the pins and slots are matched so that a pin is located in each slot provided in component 4 to facilitate generation of the impact to necessary to undo the fastener.

In an assembled condition the cylindrical end 22 of the male component 20 is received in the open end 12 of the female component 4 in such a manner that the pin 28 or pins are received in slot 10 or slots respectively so that the component 4 is free to rotate with respect to the component 20 with the pins 28 located in the slots 10 so that when the ends of slots 10 contact pins 28 further rotation of female component 4 is prevented thereby producing an impulse force or the like.

In one embodiment of the adapter of the present invention the pins 28 are held captive within the slots 10 so that the male 20 and female 4 components are not separable from each other whereas in another embodiment of the adapter 2 in which the slots 10 are generally L shape as shown in Figure 9. The male member 20 is axially moveable with respect to the female component 4 as the pins 28 move lengthwise or axially within the slot 10 as will be described in more detail later. In this embodiment the male and female components are separable from each other.

In the embodiment of figure 2, the device 2 is provided with a handle arrangement as one example of the driving means. The handle 40 includes a central substantially cylindrical body portion 42 having a diagonal bore located at or towards one end through which is located handle bar 44. A square drive projection 46 is provided at the other end of the body. However, a different type of drive could be provided such as a hexagonal drive or similar.

\\kmelbfilea\home$\wusanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 13 This form of the tool of the present invention can be formed integrally or can be made of a number of separate components which can be assembled together either permanently or temporarily.

In operation of the device of the present invention a suitably sized socket 50 is selected to fit over the wheel nut of a road wheel of a motor vehicle (not shown) which requires loosening. In the event that the wheel nut is "frozen" or otherwise difficult to undo device 2 of the present invention is connected to the socket 50 such that the male square drive projection 24 is received in the square drive opening 52 of the socket 50 of complimentary shape. The opening of the socket 54 is selected in accordance with the size of the wheel nut. A suitable operating member 40, typically in the form of handle 44, having a square drive 46 is connected to the square drive aperture 8 of the.tool or adapter 2. The handle 44 of operating member 40 is rotated such that the female component or sleeve 4 is rotated accordingly so that the arcuate slot or slots 10 move with respect to the radially extending pin or pins 28. In order to apply the shock force or impulse to the wheel nut the handle 44 is rotated in the opposite direction to undoing the fastener so that the end of the slot 10 contacts the pin 28 in preparation for movement of component 4.

Then the handle 44 is rotated in the opposite direction which is the direction to loosen the wheel nut. The handle 44 is free to rotate along with female component 4 to such an extent as allowed by the length of slot The rotational movement continues until the other end of the slot 10 contacts the pin 28 thereby providing an impulse or shock to the pin as component 4 is prevented from further rotation which in turn is transmitted to the male component 20 and to the wheel nut via socket 50 in order to facilitate undoing of the wheel nut.

\\melbfiles\home$xsusanp\keep\An I pact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 14 By repeatedly rotating the handle first in one direction and then in the other direction and the end of slot repeatedly hitting pin 28 a pulsed force or torque can be applied to the wheel nut thereby increasing the chance of the wheel nut being loosened. It is to be noted that in most circumstances once the seal between the wheel nut and the road wheel is broken the wheel nut can be easily removed. The repeated application of the shock force or impulse to the wheel nut facilitates breaking of the seal between the wheel nut and the road wheel.

Further, it is to be noted that in the event that a fastener requires to be excessively tightened the impact tool of the present invention can be used by repeatedly rotating the handle in opposite directions so as to apply a shock force in the direction of tightening of the fastener to tighten the fastener to a greater extent than can be applied by constant pressure or the like. In use of the tool in this manner the other end of the slot contacts pin 28 to provide a tightening percussive force.

Thus, the impact tool of the present invention can be used to both loosen and tighten a suitable fastener.

Further, it is to be noted that another form of the adapter or tool of the present invention includes the use of two or more assemblies of components 20 together in order to provide increased torque or shock force by having two pins and slots arrangements located in staggered spaced apart relationship allowing an increased shock force or impulse to be generated by allowing further movement of component 4 with respect to component Further, it is to be noted that in one form the device of the present invention can be sold as an adapter which is an accessory to an existing socket set or it may be provided as a self contained tool to which a socket is \\melbjiles\home$\susanp\keep\An Irrpact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter doc 27/11/03 15 attached. A still further embodiment includes the adapter of the present invention being incorporated into a wheel brace or similar tool, such as for example, by being provided at one end of one of the arms of the wheel brace, typically the cruciform type of the wheel brace.

Further, it is to be noted in still further embodiments of the device of the present invention are provided with different fittings that can be provided for interchangeably connecting with the male square drive portion to perform a variety of operations such as for example a screw driver tip for cooperatively engaging with the slot of a screw head, a Phillips head screw driver tip for cooperatively engaging with the cross slots of a Phillips head screw or the like.

Advantages of the present invention include the following: The device may be used as an accessory to an existing set of tools or it may be provided as a tool in its own right.

The device is compact allowing it to be used in a greater variety of situations than existing impact wrenches as the mechanism for imparting the shock force or percussive torque is only slightly larger than the element used to drive the device.

It will be understood to persons skilled in the art of the invention that many modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

It is to be understood that, if any prior art publication is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the publication forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art,. in Australia or any other country.

\\melb_filea\home$\susanp\keeo\An Inmact Wrench Type Tool Or Adapter.doc 27/11/03

Claims

1. An impact wrench type tool or adapter useful in applying an impulse force to a fastener to move the fastener comprising at least one first portion arranged to receive drive from a driving means and an having a first impulse force producing element, and at least one second portion arranged to transmit the pulsed force to the fastener and having a second impulse producing element, said first and second impulse producing elements being complementary and cooperatively engagable with one another and having limited movement with respect to one another so that when the first portion is driven by the driving means the first impulse force producing element is free to move with respect to the second impulse producing element before cooperatively engaging with the second impulse producing element so as to produce the pulsed force which is applied to the fastener.

2. An impact wrench type tool or adapter useful in applying an impulse torque to a fastener such as a ""frozen"" fastener or the like, comprising a first member which is.a driven socket having an aperture and a second member provided with a drive element having a projection arranged so that the projection is received in the aperture, said second portion is adapted for engaging the fastener either directly or indirectly so that when the driven socket is driven the projection is initially free to move in the aperture until the projection contacts an end wall of the aperture thereby producing a pulsed force within the second portion which is transmitted to the fastener in order to facilitate movement of the fastener.

3. An impact wrench type tool or adapter according to any proceeding claim in the form an impact wrench tool or in the form of an adapter for use with a multi-sized socket set or the like. \\melb _iles\home$\susanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 17

4. An impact wrench type tool or adapter according to any preceding claim further comprising an operating member which can be fixedly connected to part of the device or can be a releasably secured to part of the device by being replaceably detachable.

An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the operating member is a drive means, preferably a drive means having a drive element and a handle.

6. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the drive element is a projecting drive element, preferably a square drive or hexagonal drive element.

7. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the first component is a female component, a sleeve arrangement, a collar arrangement or the like having a recess or aperture for receiving the drive means.

8. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the recess or aperture is a substantially rectangular recess or aperture having one or more flat sides for receiving a square drive or is hexagonal in shape for receiving a complimentary shaped hexagonal drive element.

9. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the impulse force is a shock force, percussive force, shock pulse, a pulsed force, a pulsed torque, a percussive torque or the like.

10. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the shock force or the like is produced as a result of repeated movement of one component with \\melb_files\home$\susanp\keepAn Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter,doc 27/11/03 18 respect to the other component, preferably repeated movement in the same direction.

11. An impact wrench.type tool according to any preceding claim in which the repeated movement is alternating movement in opposite directions so as to apply the impulse force in a predetermined direction of rotation.

12. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the first impulse force producing element is an aperture, recess or other receiving element.

13. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the aperture is an elongate aperture being a slot, preferably a generally arcuate slot extending at least partially circumferentially around the perimeter of the first component.

14. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim according to any preceding claim in which there are two generally arcuate apertures typically spaced apart from each other.

An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which there are two or more slots in staggered relationship to one another, preferably circumferentially or axially staggered relationship.

16. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the slot or slots extend from about 30° to about 270°, typically from about 450 to 1800, more typically about 600 to 1500, more typically from about 700 to about 140°, depending upon the number location and size of the slots and their orientation with respect to each other. \\melb_Eiles\home$\susanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03 19

17. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the aperture is a recess, groove, track, or similar, including a linear, curved L-shaped slot or the like.

18. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the second portion is a projecting member, male component, shaft arrangement, axial arrangement or the like having one, two, three, four or more projections.

19. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the second impulse producing element is a projection.

20. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which there are one, two, three, four or more projections.

21. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the projections are arranged to extend singularly, in pairs or be dual projections.

22. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the pair or dual projections are arranged to extend diametrically opposed directions to one another.

23. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the pins and slots are arranged so as to be freely moveable with respect to each other until the ends of the slot and pin contact one another.

24. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which contact between the pins and the ends of the slots produces the pulsed force or impulse force.

An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the second component is releasably \\retlb.files\homn$e\uanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter,doc 27/11/03 20 secureable to a socket for contacting either directly or indirectly the fastener.

26. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which the tool or adapter is connectable to a handle at one end and to a socket at the other end.

27. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim in which two or more tools or adapters can be used so as to increase the amount of percussive force applied to a fastener.

28. An impact wrench type tool according to any preceding claim substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. \\melb_fil1e.homen$\susanp\keep\An Impact Wrench Type Tool or Adapter.doc 27/11/03