AU2003238688B2 - Process for manufacturing paper - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing paper Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU2003238688B2 AU2003238688B2 AU2003238688A AU2003238688A AU2003238688B2 AU 2003238688 B2 AU2003238688 B2 AU 2003238688B2 AU 2003238688 A AU2003238688 A AU 2003238688A AU 2003238688 A AU2003238688 A AU 2003238688A AU 2003238688 B2 AU2003238688 B2 AU 2003238688B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- anionic
- process according
- cationic
- aromatic
- polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 69
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 16
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002561 ketenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 53
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 32
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- -1 dimethylaminoethyl Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 description 17
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 15
- 229920006317 cationic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 14
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 8
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 125000004985 dialkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- MZVQCMJNVPIDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [CH2]CN(CC)CC Chemical group [CH2]CN(CC)CC MZVQCMJNVPIDEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1 KCXMKQUNVWSEMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940073608 benzyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- DOKHEARVIDLSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-1-en-1-ol Chemical group CC=CO DOKHEARVIDLSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002348 vinylic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N [(1r,2s,4r,5r)-3-hydroxy-4-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyloxy-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-yl] 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)O[C@H]1C(O)[C@@H](OS(=O)(=O)C=2C=CC(C)=CC=2)[C@@H]2OC[C@H]1O2 NJSSICCENMLTKO-HRCBOCMUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diketene Chemical compound C=C1CC(=O)O1 WASQWSOJHCZDFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000539 dimer Substances 0.000 description 2
- XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylbenzylamine Chemical group CN(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XXBDWLFCJWSEKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenone Chemical compound C=C=O CCGKOQOJPYTBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methacrylamide Chemical compound CC(=C)C(N)=O FQPSGWSUVKBHSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical group OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAMIQNOUNCNXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-chloro-3-pyridin-1-ium-1-ylpropan-2-ol;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].ClCC(O)C[N+]1=CC=CC=C1 FAMIQNOUNCNXNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=CC2=C1 KJCVRFUGPWSIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical group CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IULJSGIJJZZUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O IULJSGIJJZZUMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 AGBXYHCHUYARJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKDWPUIZGOQOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamyl chloride Chemical class NC(Cl)=O CKDWPUIZGOQOOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical group OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical group OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NRGNIRIWTPPPCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxypropyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)C(O)CCOC(=O)C=C NRGNIRIWTPPPCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000032 aromatic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007080 aromatic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- AAZVLNHLLNLZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M benzyl-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].ClCC(O)C[N+](C)(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 AAZVLNHLLNLZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTUMLBMROBHIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethylbenzene;2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical group ClCC1=CC=CC=C1.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C ZTUMLBMROBHIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEJFYGPXPSZIID-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethylbenzene;2-(dimethylamino)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound ClCC1=CC=CC=C1.CN(C)CCOC(=O)C=C CEJFYGPXPSZIID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011436 cob Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(=O)(=O)OC VAYGXNSJCAHWJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenamine Chemical class NC=C UYMKPFRHYYNDTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003475 inorganic filler Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003010 ionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl sulfate(1-) Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylacetamide Chemical compound CC(=O)NC=C RQAKESSLMFZVMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethenylformamide Chemical compound C=CNC=O ZQXSMRAEXCEDJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WDFKEEALECCKTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propylprop-2-enamide Chemical compound CCCNC(=O)C=C WDFKEEALECCKTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-] QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
- D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
- D21H23/04—Addition to the pulp; After-treatment of added substances in the pulp
- D21H23/06—Controlling the addition
- D21H23/14—Controlling the addition by selecting point of addition or time of contact between components
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H3/00—Paper or cardboard prepared by adding substances to the pulp or to the formed web on the paper-making machine and by applying substances to finished paper or cardboard (on the paper-making machine), also when the intention is to impregnate at least a part of the paper body
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/17—Ketenes, e.g. ketene dimers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
- D21H17/24—Polysaccharides
- D21H17/28—Starch
- D21H17/29—Starch cationic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/37—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. polyacrylates
- D21H17/375—Poly(meth)acrylamide
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/42—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups anionic
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
- D21H17/45—Nitrogen-containing groups
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/34—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/41—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups
- D21H17/44—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing ionic groups cationic
- D21H17/45—Nitrogen-containing groups
- D21H17/455—Nitrogen-containing groups comprising tertiary amine or being at least partially quaternised
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
- D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
Description
-1- Q) Process for manufacturing paper
(N
SThe present invention refers to a process for manufacturing paper and board comprising the addition of two different polymers to an aqueous cellulose- IND containing suspension one being an aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer and the other an anionic polymer having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from about 6,000 up to about 100,000 selected from the group consisting of 00 00 vinyl addition polymers and condensation polymers.
00 Background M Internal sizing agents are usually added to the wet end of the paper S 10 making process whereby the adsorption capability of the paper of liquids is decreased.
Commonly used internal sizing agents are sizing agents based on rosin derivatives and cellulose-reactive sizing agents, notably ketene dimers and acid anhydrides.
Multipurpose office paper need to be rather heavily sized in order to function properly in today's high speed reproducing machines. One way of attaining paper which is fully sized, i.e. having a cobb 6 0 number below 30 or measuring the contact angle of a water droplet on the paper where angles larger than 80 degrees after 10 seconds indicate good sizing, is to add more sizing agent to the suspension. However, the likelihood of ending up with runability problems in the paper mill increases as well as the production costs.
Apart from the addition of sizing agents to the pulp suspension, dewatering and retention agents are also added to the suspension. As the name indicates, the latter agents enhance both dewatering and retention of the pulp suspension.
Summary of the Invention According to the present invention it has surprisingly been found that sizing efficiency is improved by the addition of at least two different types of polymers to the pulp suspension which polymers simultaneously function as dewatering and retention agents. Thus, by applying the present process both sizing, dewatering and retention are positively influenced. The effect is also observed on suspensions having high conductivities.
According to the present invention it has been found that specifically improved sizing can be obtained by a process for manufacturing paper and board comprising providing a suspension comprising cellulose and at least a cellulosic reactive sizing agent selected from the group consisting of ketene dimers and acid anhydrides, dewatering said suspension thereby forming a paper-web, whereby an aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer, and an anionic vinyl addition polymer having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from about 6,000 up H:\krystalm\keep\Speci\2003238688.doc 13/02/06 to about 100,000 are added to the suspension.
D Detailed description of the Invention T The present invention is not restricted to specific types of cellulose IDsuspensions, but can be applied on cellulose suspensions containing virgin or recycled pulp and different fillers such as calcium carbonate. The pH of the suspension may also vary from being acidic, which is the case if sizing agents derived from rosins are 00 00 used, to being neutral or alkaline. If cellulose-reactive sizing agents are used the pH of
\O
IO the cellulose suspension is neutral to alkaline, i.e. in the range from about 5 up to t about 10, which also makes it possible to include inorganic filler materials in the N 10 suspension, e.g. precipitated calcium carbonate and clays. The two different polymers are suitable added to a fairly diluted lignocellulose-containing suspension commonly referred to as the thin stock having a concentration of from 0.1 up to 3.0% by weight based on dry fibres.
The process involves providing a suspension comprising at least a cellulosic reactive sizing agent selected from the group ketene dimers and acid anhydrides. Furthermore, a mixture of sizing agents may be present in the cellulose suspension, including the cellulosic reactive sizing agent. The cellulose suspension may contain cellulose-reactive sizing agents, in an amount of from 0.01 to 5% by weight based on dry fibres, and has a pH value where the cellulose-reactive sizing agent still functions properly, i.e. a pH in the range from 5 up to 10. Suitable cellulosereactive sizing agents for mixing with the cellulosic reactive sizing agent are ketene multimers, organic isocyanates, carbamoyl chlorides and mixtures thereof.
According to the present process an aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer and an anionic vinyl addition polymer having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from about 6,000 up to about 100,000 is added to the cellulose suspension. Usually, the cationic polymer is added to the suspension prior to the addition of the anionic polymer. Suitably, the addition of the cationic polymer is followed by a shear stage or stages, whereas the anionic polymer is added after any stage providing significant shear but before the formation of the paper web.
Aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer The aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer may be linear or branched and contain monomers having anionic or potentially anionic groups as long as the overall charge of the polymer is cationic. However, the cationic polymer is preferably obtained by polymerising a reaction mixture essentially free from monomers having anionic groups or groups which can be rendered anionic in aqueous compositions. The cationic polymer can be a homo polymer or a copolymer containing cationic aromatic monomers, cationic non-aromatic monomers and non-ionic H:\krystalm\keep\Speci\2003238688.doc 13/02/06 -2Amonomers, the latter also being non-aromatic. Suitably, the cationic vinyl addition Spolymer contains cationic aromatic monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, (meth)acrylamide, acrylate and (meth)acrylate, whereby said cationic monomers preferably have at least one aromatic group covalently linked to a nitrogen atom either direct or via hydrocarbon groups which can have heteroatoms. Preferably, the aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer contains aromatic 00 00 (meth)acrylamide and/or (meth)acrylate monomers
(N
00
(N,
H:\krystalm\keep\Speci\2003238688.doc 13/02/06 WO 03/064767 PCT/SE03/00112 3 which are present in the polymer in an amount from about 2 molar up to about 97 molar The aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer is suitably obtained by polymerising a cationic monomer or a reaction mixture containing a monomer mixture comprising a cationic monomer represented by the general formula CH C Ri R2(I) I I O C- A,-B -N -Q X'
I
R3 wherein Ri is H or CH 3
R
2 and R 3 are independently from another a hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, usually 1 to 2 carbon atoms; A 1 is O or NH; B 1 is an alkyiene group having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, suitably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxy propylene group or a hydroxy ethylene group; Q is a substituent containing an aromatic group, suitably a phenyl or substituted phenyi group, which can be attached to the nitrogen by means of an alkylene group usually having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, suitably 1 to 2 carbon atoms, and preferably Q is a benzyl group CH 2
C
6
H
5 and X' is an anionic counterion, usually a halide like chloride. Examples of suitable monomers represented by the general formula include quaternary monomers obtained by treating dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates, e.g. dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate and dimethylaminohydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides, e.g. dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylamide, diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide, and diethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide, with benzyl chloride. Preferred cationic monomers of the general formula include dimethylaminoethylacrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate benzyl chloride quatemary salt and dimethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylamide benzyl chloride quaternary salt.
The cationic vinyl addition polymer can be a homopolymer prepared from a cationic monomer having an aromatic group or a copolymer prepared from a monomer mixture comprising a cationic monomer having an aromatic group and one or more copolymerizable monomers. Suitable copolymerizable non-ionic monomers include monomers represented by the general formula (II):
CH
2
C-R
4
R
5 O C-A 2
B
2
N
R6 wherein R 4 is H or CH 3
R
5 and R 6 are each H or a hydrocarbon group, suitably alkyl, having from 1 to 6, suitably from 1 to 4 and usually from 1 to 2 carbon atoms; A 2 is 0 or NH; B 2 is WO 03/064767 PCT/SEO3/00112 4 an alkylene group of from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, suitably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or a hydroxy propylene group or, alternatively, A and B are both nothing whereby there is a single bond between C and N (O=C NR 5
R
6 Examples of suitable copolymerizable monomers of this type include (meth)acrylamide; acrylamide-based monomers like N-alkyl (meth)acrylamides and N,N-dialkyl (meth)acrylamides, e.g. N-n-propylacrylamide, Nisopropyl (meth)acrylamide, N-n-butyl (meth)acrylamide, N-isobutyl (meth)acrylamide and Nt-butyl (meth)acrylamide; and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides, e.g. dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylamide, diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylamide, dimethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide and diethylaminopropyl (meth)acrylamide; acrylate-based monomers like dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates, e.g. dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, t-butylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate and dimethylaminohydroxypropyl acrylate; and vinylamides, e.g. N-vinylformamide and N-vinylacetamide. Preferred copolymerizable non-ionic monomers include acrylamide and methacrylamide, i.e. (meth)acrylamide, and the main polymer is preferably an acrylamide-based polymer.
Suitable copolymerizable cationic monomers include the monomers represented by the general formula (III):
CH
2 C R 7 R, (Ill) I I O C- A 3
B
3 N- Rc X
R
9 wherein R 7 is H or CH 3
R
8 and Re are preferably a hydrocarbon group, suitably an alkyl group having from I to 3 carbon atoms; Rjo can be a hydrogen or preferably a hydrocarbon group, suitably an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, usually 1 to 2 carbon atoms;
A
3 is 0 or NH; B 3 is an alkylene group of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, suitably from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or a hydroxy propylene group, and X is an anionic counterion, usually methylsulphate or a halide like chloride. Examples of suitable cationic copolymerizable monomers include acid addition salts and quaternary ammonium salts of the dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylates and dialkylaminoalkyl (meth)acrylamides mentioned above, usually prepared using acids like HCI, H 2 S0 4 etc., or quaternizing agents like methyl chloride, dimethyl sulphate, etc.; and diallyldimethylammonium chloride. Preferred copolymerizable cationic monomers include dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate methyl chloride quaternary salt, diallyldimethylammonium chloride and and dimethylaminopropyl(meth)acrylamide benzyl chloride quartenary salt. Copolymerizable anionic monomers like acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, various sulfonated vinyl addition monomers, etc. can also be employed and, preferably, in minor amounts.
The cationic vinyl addition polymer can be prepared from a monomer Smixture generally comprising from 1 to 99 mole%, suitably from 2 to 50 mole% and preferably from 5 to 20 mole% of cationic monomer having an aromatic group, preferably represented by the general formula and from 99 to 1 mole%, suitably from 98 to 50 mole%, and preferably from 95 to 65 mole% of other copolymerizable monomers which preferably comprises acrylamide or methacrylamide 00 00 ((meth)acrylamide), the monomer mixture suitably comprising from 98 to 50 mole% 00 and preferably from 95 to 80 mole% of (meth)acrylamide, the rest up to 100% r preferably of compounds according to formula I and II.
r 10 Alternatively the cationic polymer can be a polymer subjected to O aromatic modification using an agent containing an aromatic group. Suitable modifying agents of this type include benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, N-(3-chloro-2hydroxypropyl)-N-benzyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride, and N-(3-chloro-2hydroxypropyl) pyridinium chloride. Suitable polymers for such an aromatic modification include vinyl addition polymers. If the polymer contains a tertiary nitrogen which can be quaternized by the modifying agent, the use of such agents usually results in that the polymer is rendered cationic. Alternatively, the polymer to be subjected to aromatic modification can be cationic, for example a cationic vinyl addition polymer.
Usually the charge density of the cationic polymer is within the range of from 0.1 to 6.0 meqv/g of dry polymer, suitably from 0.2 to 4.0 and preferably from to 3.0. The weight average molecular weight of the cationic polymer is usually at least about 500,000, suitably above about 1,000,000 and preferably above about 2,000,000.
The upper limit is not critical; it can be about 30,000,000, usually 20,000,000 and suitably 10,000,000.
The cationic vinyl addition polymer can be added into the suspension in amounts which can vary within wide limits depending on, inter alia, type of suspension, salt content, type of salts, filler content, type of filler, point of addition, etc. Generally the cationic vinyl addition polymer is added in an amount that gives better sizing, dewatering and retention than is obtaining when not adding it provided the anionic vinyl addition polymer is added. The cationic polymer is usually added in an amount of at least 0.002%, often at least 0.005% by weight, based on dry pulp, whereas the upper limit is usually 1.0% and suitably 0.5% by weight.
Anionic vinyl addition polymer Further to the above described aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer, an anionic vinyl addition polymer having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from about 6,000 up to about 100,000. The anionic polymer can H:\krystalm\keep\Speci\2003238688.doc 13/02/06 Q be linear, branched or cross-linked, yet suitably essentially linear, and usually water- (Ni D soluble or water-dispersible. The anionic polymer may furthermore be a homopolymer r or a copolymer containing at least two different types of monomers. Suitable anionic I vinyl addition polymers are polymers obtained from a reaction mixture comprising vinylic unsaturated monomers, preferably vinylic unsaturated aromatic containing monomers, having one or more anionic groups or groups rendered anionic in aqueous 00 00 solutions, suitably at least one sulphonate group. Examples of anionic groups 00 attached to vinylic unsaturated monomers are phosphate groups, phosphonate groups,
M
n sulphate groups, sulphonic acid groups, sulphonate groups, carboxylic acid groups, 10 carboxylate groups such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylic acid, crotonic Sacid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or salts thereof, alkoxide groups, maleic acid groups and phenolic groups, i.e. hydroxy-substituted phenyls and naphthyls. Groups carrying an anionic charge are usually salts of an alkali metal, alkaline earth or ammonia. The anionic vinyl addition polymer may also in some extent contain cationic groups such as monomers having cationic groups, though, preferably the only ionic groups present in the vinyl addition polymer are anionic. Preferably, the anionic groups are linked to aromatic vinylic (ethylenically) unsaturated monomers such as styrene, i.e. styrene sulphonate. If the anionic vinyl addition polymer is a copolymer, said polymer can be obtained from a reaction mixture comprising non-ionic vinylic unsaturated monomers, e.g. acrylamide, (meth)acrylamide. The anionic vinyl addition polymer may comprise from about 20 mole% up to about 100 mole% of anionic monomers containing at least one anionic charge.
Suitable anionic condensation polymers having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from about 6,000 up to about 100,000 are condensates of an aldehyde such as formaldehyde with one or more aromatic compounds containing one or more anionic groups, and optional other co-monomers useful in the condensation polymerization such as urea and melamine. Examples of suitable aromatic compounds containing anionic groups comprises benzene and naphthalene-based compounds containing anionic groups such as phenolic and naphtholic compounds, e.g. phenol, naphthol, resorcinol and derivatives thereof, aromatic acids and salts thereof, e.g. phenylic, phenolic, naphthylic and naphtholic acids and salts, usually sulphonic acids and sulphonates, e.g. benzene sulphonic acid and sulphonate, xylen sulphonic acid and sulphonates, naphthalene sulphonic acid and sulphonate, phenol sulphonic acid and sulphonate. Examples of suitable anionic condensation polymers include anionic benzene-based and naphthalene-based condensation polymers, preferably naphthalene-sulphonic acid based and naphthalene-sulphonate based condensation polymers.
H:\krystalm\keep\Speci\2003238688.doc 13/02/06 -7- The weight average molecular weight of the anionic vinyl addition Spolymer is in the range of from about 6,000 up to about 100,000. The lower limit is Ssuitably from about 7,000, preferably from about 8,000, preferably from about 15,000, IDpreferably from about 25,000, whereas the upper limit is suitably up to about 80,000, preferably up to about 75,000, preferably up to 45,000, preferably up to about 40,000.
Any combination of lower and higher limit can be a preferred range. If the anionic 00 00 polymer is a vinyl addition polymer, the preferred ranges of the weight average 00oO molecular weight is from about 10,000 up to about 100,000, more preferably from C about 15,000 up to about 75,000, most preferably from about 25,000 up to about 45,000.
The anionic polymer can have a degree of anionic substitution (DSA) varying over a wide range dependent on, inter alia, the type of polymer used; DSA is usually from 0.01 to 2.0, suitably from 0.02 to 1.8 and preferably from 0.025 to 1.5; and the degree of aromatic substitution (DSQ) can be from 0.001 to 1.0, usually from 0.01 to 1.0, suitably from 0.02 to 0.7 and preferably from 0.025 to 0.5 In case the anionic polymer contains cationic groups, the degree of cationic substitution (DSc) can be, for example, from 0 to 0.2, suitably from 0 to 0.1 and preferably from 0 to 0.05, the anionic polymer having an overall anionic charge. Usually the anionic charge density of the anionic polymer is within the range of from 0.1 to 6.0 meqv/g of dry polymer, suitably from 0.5 to 5.0 and preferably from 1.0 to The anionic polymer can be added to the suspension in amounts which can vary within wide limits depending on, inter alia, type of stock, salt content, type of salts, filler content, type of filler, point of addition, etc. Generally the anionic polymer is added in an amount that gives better sizing, dewatering and retention than is obtained when not adding the anionic polymer provided the cationic vinyl addition polymer is added. The anionic polymer is usually added in an amount of at least 0.001%, often at least 0.005% by weight, based on dry pulp, whereas the upper limit is usually and suitably 1.0% by weight.
According to one preferred embodiment of the present invention the aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer can be provided as an aqueous composition, suitably aqueous solution, preferably comprising further cationic polymers, for example synthetic cationic polymers and naturally occurring polymers.
Suitable synthetic cationic polymers cationic are vinyl addition polymers such as acrylamide based polymers or acrylate based polymers. Other synthetic cationic polymers include cationic condensation polymers like epihalohydrin polymers, e.g.
polymers formed by reacting aliphatic amines and epichlorohydrine, polyamideamine polymers, polyethyleneimine polymers. Preferred naturally occurring cationic polymers H:\krystalm\keep\Speci\2003238688.doc 13/02/06 -7A- Sas cationic polysaccharides, particularly cationic starch and aromatic substituted Scationic starch. The aqueous solution preferably contains the aromatic-containing Scationic vinyl addition polymer in a predominant amount, ie. at 00 00
O
00
(N)
H:\krystalm\keep\Speci\2003238688.doc 13/02/06 WO 03/064767 PCT/SE03/00112 8 least 50 by weight, even though effects are present at considerably lesser amounts, down to amount at least 10 by weight. The further cationic polymers referred to in this paragraph may also be added separately.
According to yet another preferred embodiment of the present invention inorganic anionic microparticulate materials like anionic silica-based particles, polysilicic acid and clays of the smectite type are added to the suspension. The inorganic anionic microparticulate material can be added separately to the suspension or is preferably comprised in an aqueous composition also comprising the anionic polymer.
Furthermore, the process can also be useful in the manufacture of paper and board from cellulosic suspensions having high conductivity. In such cases, the conductivity of the suspension that is dewatered on the wire is usually at least 1.0 mS/cm, suitably at least mS/cm, and preferably at least 3.5 mS/cm. Conductivity can be measured by standard equipment such as, for example, a WTW LF 539 instrument supplied by Christian Berner.
The values referred to above are suitably determined by measuring the conductivity of the cellulosic suspension that is fed into or present in the head box of the paper machine or, alternatively, by measuring the conductivity of white water obtained by dewatering the suspension. High conductivity levels mean high contents of salts (electrolytes) which can be derived from the materials used to form the stock, from various additives introduced into the stock, from the fresh water supplied to the process, etc. Further, the content of salts is usually higher in processes where white water is extensively recirculated, which may lead to considerable accumulation of salts in the water circulating in the process.
The invention is further illustrated in the following examples which, however, are not intended to limit the same. Parts and relate to parts by weight and by weight based on dry fibres, respectively, unless otherwise stated. All compound added to the furnish are calculated as dry material, if not otherwise indicated. In the examples, a good retention is shown by a low turbidity value in the white water, i.e. more fines and filler are retained in the formed sheet. A turbidity value under 120 is acceptable and a value under 90 is in this set of experiment excellent. The dewatering figure should also be low. The sizing of the paper was measured by the contact angle of a water droplet on the paper. Contact angles larger the 80 degrees after 10 seconds are indicating a good sizing.
Example 1 The pulp (at used was a 80/20 mixture of hardwood/softwood kraft. Ground calcium carbonate filler (GCC) was added to the pulp, to a filler concentration of 40% on dry solids. The resulting furnish was diluted to 0.3% before additional chemicals were added.
The chemical additions are expressed as on dry solids in the furnish.
WO 03/064767 PCT/SE03/00112 9 In this example two furnishes were used one having a low conductivity of 500 pS/cm (furnish the other having a high conductivity of 4.0 pS/cm (furnish II). The conductivity was adjusted by addition of sodium sulphate. A dispersion containing a conventional ketene dimer sizing agent and 1% cationic starch were added to the furnishes.
Subsequent to these additions, either 0.1% of an aromatic cationic polyacrylamide having benzyldimethylammonium groups (A-PAM) or 0.1% of a conventional non-aromatic cationic polyacrylamide (C-PAM) was added prior to the addition of either 0.1% of a silica sol or 0.1% of an anionic polystyrene sulphonate having a weight average molecular weight of 70,000 (PSS). The added amounts of compounds are indicated in table I and II. The retention and dewatering properties of the formed furnishes were evaluated by measuring the dewatering time using a Dynamic Drainage Analyser (DDA-unit). A lower value in this test means better dewatering efficiency. The retention was evaluated by measuring the turbidity of the white water with a Nephelometer 156 from Novasine. A lower turbidity value signifies higher retention of solids in the DDA-unit. Moreover, the sizing of the formed, dried and cured paper was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of water after 10 seconds utilising a Dynamic Absoption and contact angle tester from Fibro Systems (DAT). A higher value of the contact angle means better sizing efficiency.
Table I, Furnish II (high conductivity) test Amount of Type of Type of Turbidity Dewatering Contact added ketene cationic anionic angle dimer/[kg/t dry polyacryla compound sec./[degre pulp] mide es] blank* 0.2 none none 390 7.8 below 1 0.2 C-PAM silica sol 91 6.92 29.6 2 0.2 A-PAM PSS 47 4.54 44.6 3 0.3 C-PAM silica sol 90 6.64 80.8 4 0.3 A-PAM PSS 43 4.47 84.6 0.4 C-PAM silica sol 90 6.77 89.9 6 0.4 A-PAM PSS 47 4.47 94.4 As shown by table I, the addition of an aromatic-modified cationic vinyl addition polymer and an anionic vinyl addition polymer significantly increases not only dewatering and retention but also the sizing efficiency.
No addition of neither cationic polyacrylamide nor anionic compound, otherwise conditions were the same as for tests I and 2.
Table II, Furnish I (low conductivity) WO 03/064767 PCT/SE03/00112 test Amount of Type of Type of Turbidity Dewatering Contact added cationic anionic angle ketene polyacryla compound sec./[degre dimer/[kg/t mide e s] dry pulp] blank* 0.3 none none 420 5.6 1 0.3 C-PAM silica-sol 100 4.8 83.3 2 0.3 A-PAM PSS 76 3.5 87.8 In this test neither cationic polyacrylamide nor anionic compound was used, otherwise conditions were the same as for tests 1 and 2.
Example 2 The furnish used was the same as used in example 1, however, in this example the furnish was adjusted to a conductivity of 400 4S/cm The sizing dispersion as used in example 1 was added to the furnish followed by the addition of cationic starch. The dosage for the size was 0.03% (calculated as active ketene dimer on dry furnish) and for the cationic starch Subsequent to these additions, 0.1% of an aromatic cationic polyacrylamide having benzyldimethylammonium groups was added prior to the addition of 0.07% of an anionic polystyrene sulphonate having different weight average molecular weights as indicated in table III and an anionic naphthalene sulphonate, respectively. The added amounts of compounds are indicated in table III. The retention and dewatering properties of the formed furnishes were evaluated by measuring the dewatering time using a DDA-unit. The retention was evaluated by measuring the turbidity of the white water with a Nephelometer 156 from Novasine. Moreover, the sizing of the formed, dried and cured paper was evaluated by measuring the contact angle of water after 10 seconds utilising a DAT equipment.
WO 03/064767 PCT/SE03/00112 Table III test Weight average Turbidity Dewatering/[sec.] Contact angle molecular weight of the sec./[degrees] anionic polymer blank* none 125 5.4 below 1 8,0002 78 5.05 91 2 20,0002 75 4.95 94 3 35,0001 56 4.89 92.7 4 75,0001 50 4.03 88 100,0001 47 3.82 6 780,000 30 3.17 69.2 1:polystyrene sulphonate, 2:naphthalene sulphonate Tests 1 to 5 are according to the present invention, i.e. the anionic polymer having a weight average molecular weight in the range of from about 6,000 up to about 100,000.
As can be seen in table Ill, the sizing efficiency is significantly increased while at the same time the turbidity and dewatering performance are high with regard to tests 1 to compared to the blank. In addition, comparing test 6 with tests 1 to 5 (the latter five according to the invention), the sizing efficiency is much higher, while simultaneously the turbidity value still indicates good retention. What is more, a contacting angle of 69.2 as obtained in test 6 is not an acceptable sizing degree. Thus, the overall performance of tests 1 to 5 in respect of retention, dewatering and not least sizing clearly outperform test 6.
No addition of neither cationic polyacrylamide nor anionic compound, otherwise conditions were the same as for tests 1 to 6.
Claims (10)
- 2. A process according to claim 1, wherein the anionic polymer has a ("i weight average molecular weight in the range from about 6,000 up to about 80,000.
- 3. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the anionic vinyl addition polymer comprises aromatic monomers.
- 4. A process according to claim 3, wherein the aromatic monomers have at least one sulphonate group.
- 5. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the anionic vinyl addition polymer is polystyrene sulphonate.
- 6. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the anionic polymer is added to the suspension in an amount from about 0.005% by weight up to about 1.0% by weight based on dry pulp.
- 7. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer has a weight average molecular weight of at least about 500,000.
- 8. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cationic vinyl addition polymer is prepared from a reaction mixture comprising from about 1 up to 99 mole% of a cationic monomer having an aromatic group.
- 9. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the cationic monomer having an aromatic group is represented by formula (I) H:\krystal\keep\Speci\2003238688.doc 13/02/06 -13- CH 2 C- R R (I) SI I S0 C A, B 1 N -Q X- R 3 00 00 00 wherein R, is H or CH 3 R 2 and R 3 are independently from another hydrogen or an alkyl Sgroup having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; A 1 is O or NH; B 1 is an alkylene group having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms; Q is a substituent containing an aromatic group; and X- is an Sanionic counterion. (N A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the aromatic-containing cationic vinyl addition polymer is added in an amount of from at least 0.002% by weight up to 1.0% by weight based on dry pulp.
- 11. A process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the suspension comprising cellulosic fibres has a conductivity of at least 1.0 mS/cm.
- 12. A process for manufacturing paper and board comprising providing a suspension comprising cellulosic fibres and at least a cellulosic reactive sizing agent selected from the group consisting of ketene dimers and acid anhydrides, dewatering said suspension thereby forming a paper-web, substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Dated this 13 th day of February 2006 AKZO NOBEL N.V. By their Patent Attorneys GRIFFITH HACK Fellows Institute of Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys of Australia H \krystalm\keep\Speci\2003238688 .doc 13/02/06
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP02445012 | 2002-01-31 | ||
EP02445012.4 | 2002-01-31 | ||
PCT/SE2003/000112 WO2003064767A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-01-22 | Process for manufacturing paper |
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AU2003238688A1 AU2003238688A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
AU2003238688B2 true AU2003238688B2 (en) | 2006-04-06 |
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ID=27635936
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
AU2003238688A Expired - Fee Related AU2003238688B2 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-01-22 | Process for manufacturing paper |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1470292B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2005516135A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20040075104A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1625631A (en) |
AR (1) | AR038336A1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003238688B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR0307252B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2473638A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2501166T3 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA04006655A (en) |
NO (1) | NO336351B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL214002B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1470292E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2281994C2 (en) |
TW (1) | TW593840B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003064767A1 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200405126B (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1424442B1 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2006-06-07 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Sizing agent and recording sheet sized therewith |
US7955473B2 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2011-06-07 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for the production of paper |
US20060254464A1 (en) | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-16 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for the production of paper |
KR101318317B1 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2013-10-15 | 아크조 노벨 엔.브이. | A process for the production of paper |
US8273216B2 (en) | 2005-12-30 | 2012-09-25 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Process for the production of paper |
US8013041B2 (en) | 2006-12-01 | 2011-09-06 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | Cellulosic product |
US8088250B2 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2012-01-03 | Nalco Company | Method of increasing filler content in papermaking |
JP5288538B2 (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2013-09-11 | ハイモ株式会社 | Paper making method |
CN101613977B (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-05-11 | 金东纸业(江苏)股份有限公司 | Fortifying fibre for making paper as well as preparation method and application thereof |
US8852400B2 (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2014-10-07 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Emulsification of alkenyl succinic anhydride with an amine-containing homopolymer or copolymer |
CN103930618B (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2016-06-08 | 凯米拉公司 | The production of AKD composition and paper and paperboard |
FR2982887B1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2014-01-31 | Coatex Sas | LOW ANIONIC POLYMERS FOR COATING SAUCES FOR PAPERS FOR INKJET TYPE PRINTING |
JP6307439B2 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2018-04-04 | インヴェンティア・アクチボラゲットInnventia Ab | Paper and paperboard improvement systems and methods |
CN104822870B (en) | 2013-01-31 | 2017-10-27 | 格拉特菲尔特盖恩斯巴赫股份有限公司 | Crosslinking/functionalization system for paper or nonwoven web |
US9556558B2 (en) * | 2014-01-07 | 2017-01-31 | Api Intellectual Property Holdings, Llc | Processes for producing high-yield pulp and paper products |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5584966A (en) | 1994-04-18 | 1996-12-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Paper formation |
US5595629A (en) | 1995-09-22 | 1997-01-21 | Nalco Chemical Company | Papermaking process |
FR2740482B1 (en) * | 1995-10-30 | 1997-11-21 | Snf Sa | PROCESS FOR IMPROVING RETENTION IN A PAPER, CARDBOARD AND THE LIKE PROCESS |
US5969011A (en) * | 1997-02-05 | 1999-10-19 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Sizing of paper |
US6033524A (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 2000-03-07 | Nalco Chemical Company | Selective retention of filling components and improved control of sheet properties by enhancing additive pretreatment |
EP0953680A1 (en) * | 1998-04-27 | 1999-11-03 | Akzo Nobel N.V. | A process for the production of paper |
-
2003
- 2003-01-22 CA CA002473638A patent/CA2473638A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-22 MX MXPA04006655A patent/MXPA04006655A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-01-22 WO PCT/SE2003/000112 patent/WO2003064767A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-01-22 PT PT3734931T patent/PT1470292E/en unknown
- 2003-01-22 CN CNA038030314A patent/CN1625631A/en active Pending
- 2003-01-22 BR BRPI0307252-5A patent/BR0307252B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-01-22 TW TW092101338A patent/TW593840B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-22 RU RU2004126318/12A patent/RU2281994C2/en active
- 2003-01-22 EP EP03734931.3A patent/EP1470292B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-22 KR KR10-2004-7011387A patent/KR20040075104A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-01-22 ES ES03734931.3T patent/ES2501166T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-22 AU AU2003238688A patent/AU2003238688B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-22 JP JP2003564349A patent/JP2005516135A/en active Pending
- 2003-01-22 PL PL371243A patent/PL214002B1/en unknown
- 2003-01-29 AR ARP030100258A patent/AR038336A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2004
- 2004-06-28 ZA ZA2004/05126A patent/ZA200405126B/en unknown
- 2004-08-31 NO NO20043623A patent/NO336351B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO336351B1 (en) | 2015-08-03 |
WO2003064767A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
BR0307252A (en) | 2004-12-14 |
EP1470292A1 (en) | 2004-10-27 |
AR038336A1 (en) | 2005-01-12 |
TW593840B (en) | 2004-06-21 |
BR0307252B1 (en) | 2014-02-04 |
ZA200405126B (en) | 2005-08-31 |
PT1470292E (en) | 2014-09-03 |
ES2501166T3 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
PL214002B1 (en) | 2013-06-28 |
PL371243A1 (en) | 2005-06-13 |
CN1625631A (en) | 2005-06-08 |
TW200400305A (en) | 2004-01-01 |
KR20040075104A (en) | 2004-08-26 |
NO20043623L (en) | 2004-11-01 |
JP2005516135A (en) | 2005-06-02 |
MXPA04006655A (en) | 2004-10-04 |
EP1470292B1 (en) | 2014-06-25 |
CA2473638A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
RU2281994C2 (en) | 2006-08-20 |
RU2004126318A (en) | 2005-03-10 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
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MK25 | Application lapsed reg. 22.2i(2) - failure to pay acceptance fee |