AU2002346050A1 - NR2B receptor antagonists for the treatment or prevention of migraines - Google Patents

Description

NR2B RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS FOR THE TREATMENT OR PREVENTION OF MIGRAINES

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Migraines are recurrent, often familial, symptom complexes of periodic attacks of vascular headache. The condition is characterized by intermittent attacks of headache, preceded by an aura in approximately 15% of patients. The headache is often accompanied by associated symptoms, most commonly nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia. Migraines affect approximately 17% of adult women and 6% of adult men (Stewart et al, Neurology, 1994, 44 (suppl. 4), 517-523). This invention relates to a method for treating or preventing migraines comprising administering an NR2B receptor antagonist.

Ions such as glutamate play a key role in processes related to chronic pain and pain-associated neurotoxicity - primarily by acting through N- methyl-D-aspartate ("NMD A") receptors. Thus, inhibition of such action - by employing ion channel antagonists, particularly NMDA antagonists - can be beneficial in the treatment and control of pain.

Known NMDA antagonists include ketamine, dextrometorphan, and 3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-l-phosphonic acid ("CPP")- Although these compounds have been reported (J.D.Kristensen, et al., Pain, 51 :249-253 (1992); P.K.Eide, et al., Pain, 61:221-228 (1995); D.J.Knox, et al., Anaesth. Intensive Care 23:620-622 (1995); and M.B.Max, et al., Clin.Neuropharmacol. 18:360-368 (1995)) to produce symptomatic relief in a number of neuropathies including postherpetic neuralgia, central pain from spinal cord injury, and phantom limb pain, widespread use of these compounds is precluded by their undesirable side effects. Such side effects at analgesic doses include psychotomimetic effects such as dizziness, headache, hallucinations, dysphoria, and disturbances of cognitive and motor function. Additionally, more severe hallucinations, sedation, and ataxia are produced at doses only marginally higher than analgesic doses.

NMDA receptors are heteromeric assemblies of subunits, of which two major subunit families designated NR1 and NR2 have been cloned. Without being bound by theory, it is generally believed that the various functional NMDA receptors in the mammalian central nervous system ("CNS") are only formed by combinations of NR1 and NR2 subunits, which respectively express glycine and glutamate recognition sites. The NR2 subunit family is in turn divided into four individual subunit types: NR2A, NR2B, NR2C, and NR2D. T. Ishii, et al., J. Biol. Chem., 268:2836-2843 (1993), and D J. Laurie et al., Mol. Brain Res., 51:23-32 (1997) describe how the various resulting combinations produce a variety of NMDA receptors differing in physiological and pharmacological properties such as ion gating properties, magnesium sensitivity, pharmacological profile, as well as in anatomical distribution. For example, while NR1 is found throughout the brain, NR2 subunits are differentially distributed. In particular, it is believed that the distribution map for NR2B lowers the probability of side effects while producing pain relief. For example, S.Boyce, et al., Neuropharmacology, 38:611-623(1999) describes the effect of selective NMDA NR2B antagonists on pain with reduced side effects.

5HT IB/ID agonists (triptans) have shown to be efficacious in the acute treatment of migraine (Teall J, Tuchman M, Cutler N, Gross M, Willoughby E, Smith B, Jiang K, Reines S, Block G: Rizatriptan (MAXALT™) for the acute treatment of migraine and migraine recurrence. A placebo- controlled, outpatient study. Headache 1998;38:281-287). However, their action at 5HT IB receptors produces therapeutic cerebral vasoconstriction with coronary vasoconstriction as an unwanted side effect. Consequently, all triptans are contraindicated in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. The present invention provides for the use of NR2B receptor antagonists having similar efficacy in the acute treatment of migraine without the cardiovascular liability of triptans.

Although triptans have shown efficacy in acute migraine, only about 40% of patients are free of headache pain by 2 hours (Teall, et al, supra). The present invention also provides for the concomitant use of NR2B receptor antagonists and triptans wherein the analgesic effects of the NR2B receptor antagonists complement the therapeutic effect of the triptan.

A traditional NSAID such as naproxen has been demonstrated to be effective in the prophylactic treatment of migraine attacks (Bellavance AJ, Meloche JP. A comparative study of naproxen sodium, pizotyline and placebo in migraine prophylaxis. Headache 1990;30(ll):710-5; Welch KM, Ellis DJ, Keenan PA. Successful migraine prophylaxis with naproxen sodium. Neurology 1985 Sep;35(9): 1304-10). The present invention provides for the use of NR2B receptor antagonists having similar efficacy to naproxen in migraine prophylaxis, but better tolerated than naproxen in chronic administration, which will improve compliance with therapy. In addition, as prophylactic agents usually provide 50% headache frequency reduction in less than half of treated patients (Stellar S, Ahrens SP, Meibohm AR, Reines SA. Migraine prevention with timolol. A double-blind crossover study. JAMA 1984;252:2576-80), the concomitant administration of an NR2B receptor antagonist with a COX-II inhibitor or montelukast provides a synergistic benefit in prophylaxis greater than that seen with prophylaxis monotherapy.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention encompasses a method for treating or preventing migraines in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment or prevention comprising administering to said patient an NR2B receptor antagonist in an amount that is effective to treat or prevent migraines. The invention also encompasses the combination of an NR2B antagonist with a cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP) ligand, a leukotriene receptor antagonist or a 5HT1B/1D agonist for the treatment or prevention of migraines.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention encompasses a method for treating or preventing migraines in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment or prevention comprising administering to said patient an NR2B receptor antagonist in an amount that is effective to treat or prevent migraines.

An embodiment of the invention encompasses the above method wherein the NR2B antagonist is administered at a dose ranging from about O.lmg to about 2500mg.

Another embodiment of the invention encompasses the above method wherein the mammalian patient is human.

Another embodiment encompasses a method for treating migraines in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an NR2B receptor antagonist in an amount that is effective to treat migraines. For purposes of this specification, treating migraines means relieving both the headache and the consequent associated symptoms of migraine. Treating migraines is synonymous with the acute treatment of migraines.

Another embodiment of the invention encompasses a method for preventing migraines in a mammalian patient in need of such prevention comprising administering to said patient an NR2B antagonist in an amount that is effective to prevent migraines

For purposes of this specification, prevention of migraines means reducing the severity, the frequency or both the severity and frequency of migraine attacks. Preventing migraines is synonymous with migraine prophylaxis or the chronic treatment of migraines.

For purposes of this specification, migraine is meant to include migraine without aura, migraine with aura, migraine with typical aura, migraine with prolonged aura, familial hemiplegic migraine, basilar migraine, migraine aura without headache, migraine with acute onset aura, ophthalmoplegic migraine, retinal migraine, childhood periodic syndromes that may be precursors to or associated with migraine, benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood, alternating hemiplegia of childhood, status migrainosus and migrainous infarction. Reference is made to the following: Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society: Classification ad diagnostic criteria for headache disorders, cranial neuralgias and facial pain. Cephalalgia. 1988;8(suppl 7): 1-96, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For purpose of this specification, an amount that is effective to treat or prevent migraines is that amount that will relieve the subject being treated of the symptoms of or reduce the severity and/or frequency of the migraine attack. The specific dose level and frequency of dosage may vary and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compounds used in combination, the metabolic stability and length of action of the compounds, the age, body weight, general health, sex diet, mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, the severity of the particular condition and the host undergoing therapy. However, dosage levels of the NR2B receptor antagonist on the order of about 0.001 mg/kg to about 30 mg/kg of body weight per day, are useful in the novel method of treatment. The compound may be administered on a regimen of up to 6 times per day, preferably 1 to 4 times per day. For the treatment of a migraine attack, the active ingredient may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, by inhalation, spray, rectally or intravaginally in formulations containing pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. NR2B receptor antagonists are disclosed, for example, in the following published PCT patent publications: WO 01/32171, WO 01/32174, WO 01/32177, WO 01/32179, WO 01/32615 and WO 01/32634, all of which published on May 10, 2001 and all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Compounds that are antagonists of the NR2B receptor also include compounds represented by Formula (I):

(I) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein NonAr is a nonaromatic 5-7 membered ring containing 1 or 2 nitrogen ring atoms or an aza bicyclo octane ring;

HetAr is a 5 or 6 membered heteroaromatic ring containing 1-3 nitrogen ring atoms, or isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, quinolinyl, quinazolinyl, purinyl, pteridinyl, benzimidazolyl, pyrrolopyrimidinyl, or imidazopyridinyl;

HetAr is optionally substituted with 1 or 2 substituents, each substituent independently is Ci-4alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxy, hydroxyCi- 4alkyl, fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, methylsulfanyl, amino, nitro, (Ci_ 2alkyl)(Cl-2alkyl)NCH2-, (Cl-2alkyl)HNCH2-, or NH2C(0)-; A is -Cθ-4alkyl-;

B is aryl(CH2)_0.3~O-C(O)-, heteroaryl(CH2)_1.3-0-C(0)- aryl(CH2)₁_₃-C(0)-, aryl-cyclopropyl-C(0)- heteroaryl(CH2)_1.3-C(0)- aryl(CH2)₁.₃-, heteroaryl(CH2)_1.3-, aryl(CH2)_1.3-NH-C(0)-, aryl(CH2)_1.3- NH-C(NCN)-, aryl(CH2)_1.3-S02- he eroaiyl(CH2)₁.₃-S02- wherein any of the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted by 1-3 substituents, each substituent independently is Ci_4alkyl, C3-6cycloalkyl, Ci_4alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, bromo, fluoro, or chloro; and

X is H, OH, F, Ci_4alkyl, Cl-4alkoxy, NH2, or X taken with an adjacent bond is =0. The above compounds are disclosed in U.S. No. 60/271,100, filed on February 23, 2001, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Compounds that are antagonists of the NR2B receptor also include compounds of Formula II:

(II)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein NonAr is a nonaromatic 5-7 membered ring containing a) 1 nitrogen ring atom, b) 2 nitrogen ring atoms, c) 1 nitrogen and 1 oxygen ring atom, or d) 1 nitrogen and 1 sulfur ring atom, wherein the remaining ring atoms are carbon;

A is a phenyl optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents, each substituent independently is Cl-4alkyl, C3-7 cycloalkyl, -CF3, halogen, -OH, - CN, -NH2, -0-Ci-4alkyl, -NH-Ci-4alkyl, or -NHSθ2-Cl-4alkyl; or

A is pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, thiophenyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, oxazolyl, or isoxazolyl, each optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents, each substituent independently is -Cι_4alkyl, -C3- γcycloalkyl, -CF3, halogen, -OH, -CN, phenyl, -Ci_4hydroxy alkyl; or

A is pyridyl, pyradazinyl, pyrimidinyl, or pyrazinyl, each optionally substituted with 1-3 substituents, each substituent independently is - Ci-4alkyl, -C3-7cycloalkyl, -CF3, halogen, -OH, -CN, phenyl, -Cι_ 4hydroxyalkyl, -Ci-4alkoxy, (CH3)2N-(CH2)2-NH-, -Cθ-4alkyl-N(Cθ- 4alkyl)(Cθ-4alkyl), dimethoxyphenyl-CH2-NH- or the substituent taken with a neighboring bond is =0; or

A is pyrrolophenyl, imidazolophenyl, pyrazolophenyl, triazolophenyl, pyridinoirnidazoiyl, naphthyridinyl, tetrahydrocyclopentopyrazolyl, quinolinyl, pyrimidinopyrazololyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoimidazolyl, or purinyl, each optionally substituted with 1- 3 substituents, each substituent independently is -Cl_4alkyl, -C3..7 cycloalkyl, -CF3, halogen, -OH, or -CN;

B is aryl(CH2)_0.3-O-C(O)-, heteroaryl(CH2)_1„3-0-C(0)-, indanyl(CH2)_0.3-O-C(O)-, aryl(CH2)_1.3-C(O)- aryl-cyclopropyl-C(O)-, heteroaryl(CH2)₁.₃-C(0)-, aι l(CH2)₁.₃- heteroaryl(CH2)_j.₃- aιyl(CH2)₁.₃- NH-C(O)-, aryl(CH2)_1.3-NH-C(NCN)-, aryl(CH2)_1.3-S02-, or heteroaryl(CH2)_1.3-Sθ2- wherein any of the aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted by 1-3 substituents, each substituent independently is Cl_4alkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl, Cl-4alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, bromo, fluoro, or chloro; or B is

wherein the phenyl is optionally substituted by 1-3 substituents, each substituent independently is Cl- 4alkyl, C3_6cycloalkyl, Ci-4alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, bromo, fluoro, or chloro; and

X is H, OH, F, Cl-4alkyl, or Cl-4alkoxy.

The above compounds are disclosed in U.S. No. 60/281,166, filed on April 3, 2001, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Compounds that are NR2B receptor antagonists also include compounds of Formula III:

(III) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein i) Ar is an aromatic group, the aromatic group being phenyl, naphthyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, imidazolyl, quinoxalinyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, benzimidazolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyrazolyl, indazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, benzthienyl, or benzofuryl, the aromatic group optionally substituted by one or two substituents, each substituent independently is halogen, Ci_4alkyl, or oxyCi- 4alkyl; ii) Ri is a phenyl; or -CH2-, -NH- -NR4-, -NR5-, or =N- when optionally connected either via Bl to R2 or via B2 to R3; iii) R2 is a phenyl group, a Ci_4alkylphenyl group, or absent, wherein the groups optionally may be substituted by one or two substituents, each substituent is independently halogen, Cι_4alkyl, or oxyCi-4alkyl; R2 optionally is -CH2- or =CH- connected via Bl to Ri; iv) R3 is a phenyl group, a Ci_4alkylphenyl group, or absent, wherein the groups optionally may be substituted by one or two substituents, each substituent is independently halogen, Cι_4alkyl, or oxyCl_4alkyl; R3 optionally is -CH2- or =CH- connected via B2 to Ri ; v) R4 is a phenyl group, a Cl-4alkylphenyl group, or absent, wherein the groups optionally may be substituted by one or two substituents, each substituent is independently halogen, C 1 _4alkyl, or oxyC 1 _4alkyl; vi) R5 is a phenyl group, a Cl-4alkylphenyl group, or absent, wherein the groups optionally may be substituted by one or two substituents, each substituent is independently halogen, Ci_4alkyl, or oxyCi_4alkyl; vii) R6 is a phenyl group, a Ci-4alkylphenyl group, or absent; viii) R7 is a phenyl group, a Cl-4alkylphenyl group, or absent; ix) B l is -CH2-, =CH- -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH- or absent; and x) B2 is -CH2- =CH- -CH2CH2-, -CH=CH- or absent. Examples of the above compounds are as follows:

Ph. • NH

N^.N.

^'Ph

Ph

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof,

Ph

Ph. ..NH

■ N.^N TFA

Ph'

Ph

Ph NH

N^.N. TFA

^"Ph

Ph

hγ^ NH

The above compounds are disclosed in U.S. No. 60/214,654, filed on June 26, 2000 and WO 02/00629, published on January 3, 2002, which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. The NR2B antagonists described herein may contain one or more asyrnmetric centers and may thus give rise to diastereomers and optical isomers. The present invention includes all such possible diastereomers as well as their racemic mixtures, their substantially pure resolved enantiomers, all possible geometric isomers, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Mixtures of stereoisomers as well as isolated specific stereoisomers are also included.

During the course of the synthetic procedures used to prepare such compounds, or in using racemization or epimerization procedures known to those skilled in the art, the products of such procedures can be a mixture of stereoisomers. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids. When the compound of the present invention is acidic, its corresponding salt can be conveniently prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases, including inorganic bases and organic bases. Salts derived from such inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper (ic and ous), ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganese (ic and ous), potassium, sodium, zinc and the like salts. Particularly preferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium salts. Salts derived from pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, as well as cyclic amines and substituted amines such as naturally occurring and synthesized substituted amines. Other pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases from which salts can be formed include ion exchange resins such as, for example, arginine, betaine, caffeine, chorine, N,N - dibenzylethylenediamine, diefhylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2- dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethylmorpholine, N- ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine and the like.

When the compound of the present invention is basic, its corresponding salt can be conveniently prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic acids, including inorganic and organic acids. Such acids include, for example, acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, isethionic, lactic, maleic, malic, mandelic, methanesulfonic, mucic, nitric, pamoic, pantothenic, phosphoric, succinic, sulfuric, tartaric, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like. Particularly preferred are citric, hydrobromic, hydrochloric, maleic, phosphoric, sulfuric, and tartaric acids.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention comprise an NR2B receptor antagonist (or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof) as an active ingredient, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optionally other therapeutic ingredients or adjuvants. The compositions include compositions suitable for oral, rectal, topical, and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous) administration, although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the particular host, and nature and severity of the conditions for which the active ingredient is being administered. The pharmaceutical compositions may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy.

In practice, the NR2B receptor antagonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, of this invention can be combined as the active ingredient in intimate admixture with a pharmaceutical carrier according to conventional pharmaceutical compounding techniques. The carrier may take a wide variety of forms depending on the form of preparation desired for administration, e.g., oral or parenteral (including intravenous). Thus, the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be presented as discrete units suitable for oral administration such as capsules, cachets or tablets each containing a predetermined amount of the active ingredient. Further, the compositions can be presented as a powder, as granules, as a solution, as a suspension in an aqueous liquid, as a non-aqueous liquid, as an oil-in-water emulsion or as a water-in-oil liquid emulsion. In addition to the common dosage forms set out above, the NR2B receptor antagonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, may also be administered by controlled release means and/or delivery devices. The compositions may be prepared by any of the methods of pharmacy. In general, such methods include a step of bringing into association the active ingredient with the carrier that constitutes one or more necessary ingredients. In general, the compositions are prepared by uniformly and intimately admixing the active ingredient with liquid carriers or finely divided solid carriers or both. The product can then be conveniently shaped into the desired presentation.

Thus, the pharmaceutical compositions of this invention may include a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the NR2B receptor antagonist. The NR2B receptor antagonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, can also be included in pharmaceutical compositions in combination with one or more other therapeutically active compounds. The pharmaceutical carrier employed can be, for example, a solid, liquid, or gas. Examples of solid carriers include lactose, terra alba, sucrose, talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, magnesium stearate, and stearic acid. Examples of liquid carriers are sugar syrup, peanut oil, olive oil, and water. Examples of gaseous carriers include carbon dioxide and nitrogen. In preparing the compositions for oral dosage form, any convenient pharmaceutical media may be employed. For example, water, glycols, oils, alcohols, flavoring agents, preservatives, coloring agents and the like may be used to form oral liquid preparations such as suspensions, elixirs and solutions; while carriers such as starches, sugars, microcrystalline cellulose, diluents, granulating agents, lubricants, binders, disintegrating agents, and the like may be used to form oral solid preparations such as powders, capsules and tablets. Because of their ease of administration, tablets and capsules are the preferred oral dosage units whereby solid pharmaceutical carriers are employed. Optionally, tablets may be coated by standard aqueous or nonaqueous techniques.

A tablet containing the composition of this invention may be prepared by compression or molding, optionally with one or more accessory ingredients or adjuvants. Compressed tablets may be prepared by compressing, in a suitable machine, the active ingredient in a free-flowing form such as powder or granules, optionally mixed with a binder, lubricant, inert diluent, surface active or dispersing agent. Molded tablets may be made by molding in a suitable machine, a mixture of the powdered compound moistened with an inert liquid diluent. Each tablet preferably contains from about lmg to about 500mg of the active ingredient and each cachet or capsule preferably containing from about lmg to about 500mg of the active ingredient.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention suitable for parenteral administration may be prepared as solutions or suspensions of the active compounds in water. A suitable surfactant can be included such as, for example, hydroxypropylcellulose. Dispersions can also be prepared in glycerol, liquid polyethylene glycols, and mixtures thereof in oils. Further, a preservative can be included to prevent the detrimental growth of microorganisms. Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention suitable for injectable use include sterile aqueous solutions or dispersions. Furthermore, the compositions can be in the form of sterile powders for the extemporaneous preparation of such sterile injectable solutions or dispersions. In all cases, the final injectable form must be sterile and must be effectively fluid for easy syringability. The pharmaceutical compositions must be stable under the conditions of manufacture and storage; thus, preferably should be preserved against the contaminating action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The carrier can be a solvent or dispersion medium containing, for example, water, ethanol, polyol (e.g. glycerol, propylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol), vegetable oils, and suitable mixtures thereof.

Pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention can be in a form suitable for topical use such as, for example, an aerosol, cream, ointment, lotion, dusting powder, or the like. Further, the compositions can be in a form suitable for use in transdermal devices. These formulations may be prepared, utilizing an NR2B receptor antagonist of this invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, via conventional processing methods. As an example, a cream or ointment is prepared by mixing hydrophilic material and water, together with about 5 wt% to about 10 wt% of the compound, to produce a cream or ointment having a desired consistency.

Pharmaceutical compositions of this invention can be in a form suitable for rectal administration wherein the carrier is a solid. It is preferable that the mixture forms unit dose suppositories. Suitable carriers include cocoa butter and other materials commonly used in the art. The suppositories may be conveniently formed by first admixing the composition with the softened or melted carrier(s) followed by chilling and shaping in moulds.

In addition to the aforementioned carrier ingredients, the pharmaceutical formulations described above may include, as appropriate, one or more additional carrier ingredients such as diluents, buffers, flavoring agents, binders, surface-active agents, thickeners, lubricants, preservatives (including anti-oxidants) and the like. Furthermore, other adjuvants can be included to render the formulation isotonic with the blood of the intended recipient. Compositions containing an NR2B receptor antagonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, may also be prepared in powder or liquid concentrate form.

NR2B antagonists may also be administered in combination with other agents for the treatment or prevention of migraines. Such administration may either be in unit dosage form or concomitantly. All conventional anti- migraine agents are used in conjunction with the NR2B antagonist at conventional doses that are determined by the skilled clinician. These compounds are known and normal daily dosages are well established. Typically, the individual daily dosages for these combinations may range from about one-fifth of the minimally recommended clinical dosages to the maximum recommended levels for the entities when they are given alone. Precise dosages are left to the discretion of the physician

Thus, in further aspects, the invention encompasses a method for treating or preventing migraines in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment or prevention comprising concomitantly administering a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP) ligand with a NR2B receptor antagonist in amounts that are effective to treat or prevent migraines. CGRP ligands are disclosed, for example, in the following published patent applications: WO 00/18764 published on April 6, 2000, WO 01/10425 published on February 15, 2001, WO 00/55154 published on September 21, 2000, and WO 98/11128 published on March 19, 1998, all of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

When administered in combination, either a single or as a separate pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prevention of migraine, the NR2B receptor antagonist and the CGRP ligand are presented in a ratio that is consistent with the manifestation of the desired effect. In particular, the ratio by weight of the NR2B receptor antagonist to the CGRP ligand will suitably be approximately 1 to 1. Preferably, this ratio will be between 0.001 to 1 and 1000 to 1, and especially between 0.01 to 1 and 100 to 1. For purposes of the present invention, intravenous dosages or oral dosages of CGRP ligands will range between about 0.001 to 5 mg/kg and 0.01 to 50 mg kg, respectively. The compound may be administered on a regimen of up to 6 times per day, preferably 1 to 4 times per day.

The invention also encompasses a method for treating or preventing migraines in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment or prevention comprising concomitantly administering a cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibiting compound with a NR2B receptor antagonist in amounts that are effective to treat or prevent migraines. Examples of cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibiting compounds useful in the methods described herein include Celebrex® (celecoxib), VIOXX® (rofecoxib), etoricoxib (WO98/03484), valdecoxib (US 5,663,272), parecoxib (US 5,932,598), COX189, BMS347070, ABT963, CS502, GW406381, JTE522, which has the following structure:

CH SO as well as the compounds disclosed in U.S. No. 6,020,343, including the following:

( I ) 2-(3 ,4-difluorophenoxy)-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-cyclopent-2-enone, (2) 3-(5-Benzothiophenyloxy)-5,5-dimefhyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)-5H- furan-2-one,

(3) 5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl-phenyl)-3-(pyridyl-4-oxy)-5H-furan-2- one,

(4) 5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl-phenyl)-3-(pyridyl-3-oxy)-5H-furan-2- one,

(5) 3-(2-Methyl-5-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl) ρhenyl)-5H- furan-2-one,

(6) 3(2-Fluoro-4-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5,5- dimethyl-5H-furan-2-one, (7) 3-(5-Chloro-2-pyridylthio)-5 ,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(8) 2-(3,5-Difluorophenoxy)-3-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-cyclopent-2-enone,

(9) 3-(2-Pyrimidinoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2- one, (10) 3-(3-Methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(I I) 3-(3-Chloro-5-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)- 5H-furan-2-one, (12) 3-(3-(l,2,5-Thiadiazolyl)oxy)-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl- 5H-furan-2-one,

(13) 3-(5-Isoquinolinoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan- 2-one,

(14) 3-(6-Amino-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)- 5H-furan-2-one, (15) 3-(3-Chloro-4-fluoro)phenoxy-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5 ,5-dimethyl- 5H-furan-2-one,

(16) 3-(6-Quinolinoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2- one, (17) 3-(5-Nitro-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(18) 3-(2-Thiazolylthio)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan- 2-one, (19) 3-(3-Chloro-5-pyridyloxy)-5 ,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)- 5H-furan-2-one,

(20) 5,5-Dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-(2-propoxy)-5H-furan-2-one,

(21) 3-(3-Trifluoromethyl)phenoxy-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5,5-dimethyl- 5H-furan-2-one, (22) 5,5-Dimethyl-(4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(piperidine-l-carbonyl)-5-H- furan-2-one,

(23) 5,5-Dimethyl-3-(2-Butoxy)-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5H-furan-2-one,

(24) 5,5-Dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-(3-pentoxy)-5H-furan-2-one,

(25) 2-(5-Chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-3-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenylcyclopent-2-enone, (26) 3-(4-Methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5 ,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)ρhenyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(27) (5R)-3-(3,4-Difluorophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(28) (5R)-3-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl- 5H-furan-2-one,

(29) 3-(2-Methyl-3-ρyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(30) 3-(4-Methyl-5-nitro-2-pyridyloxy)-5 ,5-dimethyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one, (31) 3-(5-Chloro-4-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(32) 3-(5-Fluoro-4-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5 ,5-dimethyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(33) 3-(3-Chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(34) 3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-propyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(35) 3- (N,N-Diethylamino)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)-5H- furan-2-one, (36) 5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl-phenyl)-3-(3,5-dichloro-2-pyridyloxy)- 5H-furan-2-one,

(37) (5R)-3-(4-Bromophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-mefhylsulfonyl)ρhenyl- 5H-furan-2-one, (38) (5R)-3-(4-Methoxyphenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(39) (5R)-3-(5-Chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one,

(40) 3-(5-Chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-propyl- 5H-furan-2-one,

(41) 3-(l-Cyclopropyl-ethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methyl sulfonyl)phenyl)-5H- furan-2-one,

(42) 5-Methyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(2-(propoxy)-5-(2- trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one, (43) 5(R)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-(2-propoxy)-5H- furan-2-one,

(44) 5,5-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dimefhylpropyloxy)-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H- furan-2-one,

(45) 5(R) 3-(l-cycloρropyl-ethoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-(methyl sulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(46) 5(S) 5-Ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl-3-(2-propoxy)-5H- furan-2-one,

(47) 3-(l-cyclopropylefhoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H- furan-2-one, (48) 3-(l-cyclopropylethoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H- furan-2-one,

(49) 3-(cyclopropylmefhoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(50) 5,5-dimethyl-3-(isobutoxy)-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one, (51) 3-(4-Bromoρhenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H- furan-2-one,

(52) 3-(2-Quinolinoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2- one, (53) 3-(2-Chloro-5-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H- furan-2-one,

(54) 3-(6-benzothiazolyloxy)-5 ,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)-5H- furan-2-one, (55) 3-(6-Chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl) phenyl)- 5H-furan-2-one,

(56) 3-(4-Quinazolyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan- 2-one,

(57) (5R)-3-(5-Fluoro-2-pyridyloxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(58) (5R)-3-(4-Fluorophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl- 5H-furan-2-one,

(59) (5R)-3-(5-Fluoro-2-pyridyloxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one, (60) 3-( 1 -Isoquinolinyloxy)-5 ,5-dimethyl-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan~ 2-one,

(61) (5R)-3-(4-fluoroρhenoxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-(2,2,2- trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one,

(62) 3-(3-Fluoro-2-pyridyloxy)-5 ,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl) phenyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(63) (5R)-3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl) phenyl-5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one, (64) (5R)-3-(5-chloro-2-pyridyloxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one, (65) 3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(66) 3-(3,4-Difluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5-ρropyl- 5H-furan-2-one,

(67) 3-Cyclobutyloxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl-5H-furan-2-one, (68) 3-(l-Indanyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2- one,

(69) 3-(2-Indanyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-5H-furan-2- one, (70) 3-Cyclopentyloxy-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)5H-furan-2- one,

(71) 3-(3,3-Dimethylcyclopentyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl- phenyl)-5H-furan-2-one, (72) 3-Isopropoxy-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-propyl-5H-furan-2- one,

(73) 3-(2-Methoxy-5-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(74) 3-(5-Methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)ρhenyl-5H- furan-2-one,

(75) (5RS)-3-(3,4-Difluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5-

(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one,

(76) 3-(3-Chloro-4-methoxyphenoxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one, (77) (5R)-3-(3-Chloro-4-methoxyphenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(78) (5R)-3-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-5-trifluoroethyl-5-methyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(79) (5R)-3-(4-Bromophenoxy)-5-trifluoroethyl-5-methyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(80) 5-Cyclopropylmethyl-3-(3,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methyl-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(81) (5R)-3-(3-Fluorophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl- 5H-furan-2-one, (82) (5R)-3-(4-Chloro-3-fluorophenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(83) (5R)-3-Phenoxy-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2- one,

(84) (5R)-3-(4-Chloro-3-methylphenoxy)-5-ethyl-5-methyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(85) 3-(4-Chloro-3-methylphenoxy)-5-5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl- 5H-furan-2-one,

(86) (5R)-3-(5-bromo-2-pyridyloxy)-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-methyl-5- (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-5H-furan-2-one, (87) (5R)-3-(5-bromo-2-pyridyloxy)-4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-ethyl-5- methyl-5H-furan-2-one,

(88) 3-(5-chloro-6-methyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4- methylsulfonyl)ρhenyl-5H-furan-2-one, (89) 3-(5-cyclopropyl-2-pyridyloxy)-5,5-dimethyl-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl- 5H-furan-2-one,

(90) 3-( 1 -cyclopropylethoxy)-4-(4-methylsulf onyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one, and

(91) 3-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-(4-methylsulfonyl)phenyl-5H-furan-2-one.

All of the aforesaid patents and published applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. A preferred cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibiting compound for the present invention is refecoxib. Another preferred cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibiting compound for the present invention is etoricoxib. When administered in combination, either a single or as a separate pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prevention of migraine, the NR2B receptor antagonist and the cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibiting compound are presented in a ratio that is consistent with the manifestation of the desired effect. In particular, the ratio by weight of the NR2B receptor antagonist to the COX-2 inhibitor will suitably be approximately 10 to 1. Preferably, this ratio will be between 0.001 to 1 and 1000 to 1, and especially between 0.01 to 1 and 100 to 1.

For purposes of the present invention, the COX-2 inhibitor may be administered at a dosage level up to conventional dosage levels for such analgesics, but preferably at a reduced level in accordance with the present invention. Suitable dosage levels will depend upon the analgesic effect of the chosen COX-2 inhibitor, but typically suitable levels will be about 0.001 to 25mg/kg per day, preferably 0.005 to lOmg/kg per day, and especially 0.005 to 5mg/kg per day. The compound may be administered on a regimen of up to 6 times per day, preferably 1 to 4 times per day.

The invention also encompasses a method for treating or preventing migraines in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment or prevention comprising concomitantly administering a 5HT IB/ ID agonist with a NR2B receptor antagonist in amounts that are effective to treat or prevent migraines. Examples of 5HT1B/1D agonists are rizatriptan (EP 0,497,512), sumatriptan (GB 2,162,522), naratriptan (GB 2,208,646), zolmitriptan (W091/18897), eletriptan (WO92/06973), and almotriptan (WO94/02460). All of the aforesaid patents and published applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The preferred 5HT1B/1D agonist for use in this invention is rizatriptan, which is N,N-dimethyl-2-[5-(l,2,4-triazol-l-ylmethyl)-lH-indol-3- yljethylamine, the benzoate salt thereof being particularly preferred.

When administered in combination, either a single or as a separate pharmaceutical composition for the treatment or prevention of migraine, the NR2B receptor antagonist and the 5HT1B/1D agonist are presented in a ratio that is consistent with the manifestation of the desired effect. In particular, the ratio by weight of the NR2B receptor antagonist to the 5HT1B/1D agonist will suitably be approximately 10 to 1. Preferably, this ratio will be between 0.001 to 1 and 1000 to 1, and especially between 0.01 to 1 and 100 to 1.

A suitable dosage of the 5HT1B/1D agonist for purposes of the present invention is about 0.01 to 250 mg/kg per day, preferably about 0.05 to 100 mg/kg per day, and especially about 0.05 to 5 mg/kg per day. The 5HT1B/1D agonist may be administered on a regimen of 1 to 4 times per day.

The invention also encompasses a method for treating or preventing migraines in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment or prevention comprising concomitantly administering a leukotriene receptor antagonist with a NR2B receptor antagonist in amounts that are effective to treat or prevent migraines. Various leukotriene receptor antagonist drugs are known in the art. The two most widely used leukotriene receptor antagonists are (i) zafirlukast, which is sold under the tradename ACCOLATE®, and (ii) montelukast, sold under the tradename SINGULAIR®. Other leukotriene receptor antagonist drugs have also been reported in the literature, which fall generally into two categories: (1) leukotriene receptor-blocking drugs, such as pranlukest, BAYx7195, LY293111, ICI 204,219, and ONO-1078; and, (2) drugs which inhibit the biosynthesis of leukotrienes, such as BAYxl005, MK- 886, MK0591, ZD2138, and zileuton. A preferred leukotriene receptor antagonist is montelukast. When administered in combination, either a single or as a separate pharmaceutical composition, for the treatment or prevention of migraine, the NR2B receptor antagonist and the leukotriene receptor antagonist are presented in a ratio that is consistent with the manifestation of the desired effect. In particular, the ratio by weight of the NR2B receptor antagonist to the leukotriene receptor antagonist will suitably be approximately 10 to 1. Preferably, this ratio will be between 0.001 to 1 and 1000 to 1, and especially between 0.01 to 1 and 100 to 1.

For purpose of the present invention, leukotriene receptor antagonists may be administered at a dosage of about 0.001 mg to about 100 mg per kg body weight of a mammal, preferably 0.01 mg to about 10 mg per kg, and most preferably 0.1 to 1 mg per kg, in single or divided doses.

The invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition comprising an NR2B receptor antagonist and a CGRP receptor ligand in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition comprising an NR2B receptor antagonist and a 5HT IB/ID agonist in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

The invention also encompasses a pharmaceutical composition comprising an NR2B receptor antagonist and a leukotriene receptor antagonist in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

While the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to certain particular embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various adaptations, changes, modifications, substitutions, deletions, or additions of procedures and protocols may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, effective dosages other than the particular dosages as set forth herein above may be applicable as a consequence of variations in the responsiveness of the mammal being treated for any of the indications with the compounds of the invention indicated above. Likewise, the specific pharmacological responses observed may vary according to and depending upon the particular active compounds selected or whether there are present pharmaceutical carriers, as well as the type of formulation and mode of administration employed, and such expected variations or differences in the results are contemplated in accordance with the objects and practices of the present invention. It is intended, therefore, that the invention be defined by the scope of the claims that follow and that such claims be interpreted as broadly as is reasonable.

EXAMPLES

The following exemplify NR2B receptor antagonists as well as methods for synthesis:

Intermediates :

INTERMEDIATE Ala:

Carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4-methyl-benzyl ester

Disuccinimidyl carbonate (5.03g, 19.65mmol) in 30mL MeCN and 30mL DCM was treated with 4-methylbenzyl alcohol (2.4g, 19.6mmol) followed by DMAP (1.20g, 9.82mmol). The resulting cloudy reaction mixture cleared over 2min, stirred overnight at rt, then poured into lOOmL water and partitioned. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated. The solid thus obtained was stirred with approx. 25mL ether, filtered, washed with a small volume of ether and dried to yield carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin- l-yl ester 4-methyl-benzyl ester as a white solid.

Ref: Chem. Pharm. Bull, 38(1]: 110-115(1990).

The following compounds were prepared in the manner similar to that described above for INTERMEDIATE Ala:

INTERMEDIATE Alb:

Carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4-chloro-benzyl ester INTERMEDIATE Ale:

Carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4-fluoro-benzyl ester INTERMEDIATE Aid: Carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4-ethyl-benzyl ester INTERMEDIATE Ale:

Carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4-isopropyl- benzyl ester

Utilizing the carbonic acid derivatives described above for INTERMEDIATES Ala-Ale, and following the procedure described below in EXAMPLE A13, step 1, the following INTERMEDIATES A2a- A2e were obtained

INTERMEDIATE A2a:

4-Methylbenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate INTERMEDIATE A2b:

4-Chlorobenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate INTERMEDIATE A2c:

4-Fluorobenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l -carboxylate INTERMEDIATE A2d:

4-Ethylbenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate INTERMEDIATE A2e: 4-Isopropylbenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l -carboxylate

EXAMPLE Al.

Benzyl 4-[(4-pyridinylamino)methyl]-l-piperidinecarboxylate: Step 1: Benzyl 4-[(4-pyridinylamino)carbonyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

In DMF (5mL), l-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-4- piperidinecarboxylic acid (P. E. Maligres et al., Tetrahedron, 53:10983(1997)) (l.OOg, 3.80mmol), 4-aminopyridine (572mg, 6.08mmol), EDC (801mg, 4.18mmol), and HOAt (569mg, 4.18mmol) were combined and aged under N2 for 4h. The reaction was partitioned between sat. NaHCθ3 and ethyl acetate. The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2x). The combined organics were washed with water and brine then dried over Na2SO*, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure, affording 1.16g of benzyl 4-[(4- pyridinylamino)carbonyl]-l-piperidinecarboxylate as a yellow oil which was used without further purification.

Step 2:

Benzyl 4- [(4-pyridinylamino)methyl] -1-piperidinecarboxylate

The amide from step 1 above (17.82g, 52.50mmol) was dissolved in THF (50mL) and was treated with BHs-THF (200mmol, 200mL, IM in THF) over lOmin. and was aged at r.t. 3h. The reaction was quenched by slowly adding 2N HCI and stirring vigorously 15h. The reaction was basified with IM NaOH and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo, yielding a white foam which was purified by silica gel chromatography (99:1:0.1 to 90:10:1 CH₂Cl₂:CH₃OH:NH4θH) to give 11.53g of benzyl 4-[(4- pyridinylamino)methyl]-l-piperidinecarboxylate as a viscous pale yellow oil. NMR (HCI salt 400MHz, CD₃OD): δ 8.09 (brs, IH, Pyr-H),

7.97 (brs, 1Η, Pyr-H), 7.35-7.28 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 6.88 (brs, 2Η, Pyr-H), 5.11 (s, 2Η, CH2-Ar), 4.18 (brd, J=11.70Ηz, 2H, CHH), 3.25 (d, J=6.77Hz, 2H, CHs-N), 2.86 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 1.90-1.77 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.29-1.16 (dq, J=12.36Ηz, 4.16Hz, 2H, CHH). M.S. (M+l) : 326.47.

EXAMPLE A2:

4-[(3-Methylpyridin-4-ylamino)methyl]piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester:

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE Al, but replacing 4-aminopyridine with 4-amino-3-methylpyridine (Malinowski et al., J. Prakt. Chem., 330:154-158(1988)). NMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 7.74 (d, J=5.85Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.66 (brs, 1Η, Pyr-H), 7.36-7.29 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 6.77 (brs, 1Η, Pyr-H), 5.11 (s, 2Η, CHs-Ar), 4.19 (brd, J=13.81Ηz, 3H), 3.31-3.20 (m, 2H, CHs-N + CΗ30Η), 2.84 (brs, 2H, CHH), 2.22 (brs, 2H, CHH), 1.98-1.85 (m, IH, CH), 1.82 (brd, J=12.89Ηz, 2H, CHH), 1.22-1.14 (m, 2H, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 340.27.

EXAMPLE A3:

Benzyl 4-{ [(2-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE Al, but replacing 4-aminopyridine with 2-aminopyridine. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD): δ 10.00 (brs, IH, NH), 7.82-7.75 (m, 2H, Pyr-H, Pyr-H), 7.38-7.30 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 6.76-6.70 (m, 2Η, Pyr-H, Pyr-H), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CHs-Ar), 4.24 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 3.16 (brs, 2H, Cift-N), 2.84 (brs, 2H, CHH), 2.01-1.80 (m, 3H, CH, CHΗ + Η20), 1.26-1.18 (m, 2H, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 326.28.

EXAMPLE A4:

Benzyl 4-{ [(3-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE

Al, but replacing 4-aminopyridine with 3-aminopyridine. NMR (500MHz, CD₃OD): δ 8.01 (d, J=2.93Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.95 (dd, J=4.63Ηz, 1.46Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 7.08 (dd, J=8.30Ηz, 4.59Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 6.86-6.84 (m, 1Η, Pyr-H), 5.13 (s, 2Η, CH2- Ar), 4.25 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 3.80 (brt, J= 5.86Hz, IH, NH), 3.04 (t, J=6.33Ηz, 2H, CH2-N), 2.78 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 1.78 (brs, 3H, CH, CHΗ + Η20), 1.27- 1.13 (m, 2H, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 326.31. EXAMPLE A5:

Benzyl 4-{ [(4-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE

Al, but replacing 4-aminopyridine with 2-amino-4-methylpyridine. M.S. (M+l): 340.40.

EXAMPLE A6: Benzyl 4-{[(4-ethyl-2-pyridinyl)amino] methyl}- 1- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE Al, but replacing 4-aminopyridine with 2-amino-4-ethylpyridine. M.S. (M+l): 354.41.

EXAMPLE A7:

Benzyl 4-[(3-isoxazolylamino)methyl]-l-piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE

Al, but replacing 4-aminopyridine with 3-aminoisoxazole. M.S. (M+l): 316.29.

EXAMPLE A8: Benzyl 4-[(l,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylamino)methyι]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE Al, but replacing 4-aminopyridine with 2-amino-l,3,4-thiadiazole. M.S. (M+l): 333.35.

EXAMPLE A9:

Benzyl 4-{ [(5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE Al, but replacing 4-aminopyridine with 2-amino-5-methylpyridine.

M.S. (M+l): 340.40.

EXAMPLE A10:

Benzyl 4-{[(l-methyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE

Al, step 1, but replacing 4-aminopyridine with 2-amino-imdazole he isulfate and gave the EDC coupling product. This product was refluxed in DMF-DMA for 90min., diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with sat. NaHCθ3, dried over Na2SO*4, filtered and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting red oil was purified by silica gel chromatography. 50mg (mmol) of the purified product was reacted with borane as described in EXAMPLE Al, step 2, to give 26mg of benzyl 4- {[(l-methyl-lH-imidazol-2-yl)amino]methyl}-l-piperidinecarboxylate. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDC1₃): δ 7.36-7.27 (m, 5H, Ar-H), 6.65 (d, J=1.55Ηz, IH, imidazole-H), 6.49 (d, J=1.56Ηz, IH, imidazole-H), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CH₂-Ar), 4.19 (brs, 2H, CHH), 3.58 (brs, IH, NH), 3.34 (s, 3H, CHs), 3.23 (m, 2Η, Cifc-N), 2.79 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 1.85-1.70 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.23-1.13 (m, 2Η, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 329.27.

EXAMPLE All: 4-(Quinolin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE

Al, replacing 4-aminopyridine with 4-aminoquinoline. M.S. (M+l): 376.39. EXAMPLE A12:

Benzyl 4-{ [(l-oxido-4-pyridinyl)amino] methyl}- 1- piperidinecarboxylate Step 1:

Benzyl 4-{ [(l-oxido-4-pyridinyl)amino] carbonyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

Benzyl 4- [(4-pyridinylamino)carbonyl] -1- piperidinecarboxylate (EXAMPLE Al, Step 1) (615mg, l.δlmmol) was dissolved in CH2CI2 and treated with raCPBA (3.12g, 18.10mmol) and aged 18h. The reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with sat. NaHCθ3. The organics were separated, dried over Na2SO₄, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by silica gel chromatography to afford 124mg of benzyl 4-{[(l-oxido-4- pyridinyl)amino]carbonyl}-l-piperidinecarboxylate as a clear oil. NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 10.72 (s, IH, NH), 8.03 (d, J=7.50Hz, 2H, Pyr-H), 7.80 (d, J=7.50Ηz, 2H, Pyr-H), 7.38-7.28 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CHs-Ar), 4.18 (brd, J=13.25Ηz, 2H, CHH), 2.81 (brs, 2H, CHH), 2.57-2.45 (m, IH, CH), 1.86-1.68 (m, 4H, CHH, CHH). M.S. (M+l): 356.28.

Step 2:

Benzyl 4-{ [(l-oxido-4-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

Benzyl 4-{[(l-oxido-4-pyridmyl)amino]carbonyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate (62mg, 0.17mmol) was reduced with borane as described in EXAMPLE Al, step 2, to afford 25mg of benzyl 4-{[(l-oxido- 4-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l-piperidinecarboxylate as a clear oil. NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.99 (d, J=7.31Hz, 2H, Pyr-H), 7.88 (brs, 1Η, NH), 7.38-7.30 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 6.66 (brs, 2Η, Pyr-H), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CHs-Ar), 4.22 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 3.09 (brs, 2H, CHu-N), 2.77 (brs, 2Η, CHH), ), 1.87-1.71 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.26-1.11 (m, 2Η, CHH). M.S. (M+l): 342.33.

EXAMPLE A13:

Benzyl 4- [(9H-purin-6-ylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate Step 1:

Benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l -carboxylate

4-Aminomethylpiperidine (40g, 350mmol) and benzaldehyde (37.3mL, 368mmol) in toluene (600mL) were heated to reflux under dean stark conditions for 2h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and 500mL dichloromethane was added. The resulting solution was cooled to 5°C and treated with N-(benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (91.7g, 368mmol). After lOmin, the cooling bath was removed and the resulting reaction mixture stirred for lh. The solvents were evaporated and the residue stirred with 400mL THF and 400mL 2M HCI for lh. The mixture was concentrated to remove organics and extracted with ether (3x300mL). The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH14 with 50% NaOH and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent evaporated to give benzyl 4- (aminomethyl)piperidine-l -carboxylate as an oil. (79.7g)

Η NMR (500MHz CDCI3) δ: 7.4-7.2 (m, 5H); 5.12 (s, 2H); 4.20 (brs,

2H); 2.77 (brs, 2H); 2.58 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H) 1.9-1.7 (m, 2H); 1.0-1.5 (m, 5H).

Step 2: Benzyl 4-[(9H-purin-6-ylamino)methyi]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

In DMF (5mL), benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l- piperidinecarboxylate (1.20g, 4.83mmol) and 6-chloropurine (448mg, 2.49mmol) were combined and treated with TEA in a single portion and aged under N2 at 100°C for 18h. The resulting reaction was diluted with sat. NaHCOs and extracted with ethyl acetate (3x). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over Na2SO*4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give a brown oil which was purified by silica gel chromatography (20g, 32-60um silica, 99:1:0.1 to 90:10:1 CH2Cl2:CH₃OH:NH₄OH) to give 600mg of the benzyl 4-[(9H-purin-6- ylamino)methyl]-l-piperidinecarboxylate as a brown oil. NMR (400MHz, CDCls): δ 8.42 (s, IH, purine-H), 7.97 (s, 1Η, purine-H), 7.36-7.29 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 6.21 (brs, 1Η), 5.13 (s, 2Η, CH₂- Ar), 4.22 (brs, 2H, CHH), 3.43 (brs, 2H, Cifc-N), 2.80 (brs, 2H, CHH), 1.95- 1.79 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.34-1.21 (m, 2Η, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 367.31.

EXAMPLE A14:

4-Methylbenzyl 4- [(4-pyrimidinylamino)methyTJ -1- piperidinecarboxylate Step 1:

4- [(2-Methylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester

The 4- [(2-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A13, Step 2, but replacing 6-chloropurine with 4- chloro-2-methylthiopyrimidine and replacing benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l- piperidinecarboxylate with 4-methylbenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l- piperidinecarboxylate .

M.S. (M+l): 387

Step 2:

4-Methylbenzyl 4- [(4-pyrimidinylamino)methyl] -1- piperidinecarboxylate

4- [(2-Methylsulfanyl-pyτimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester (550mg, 1.42mmol)was dissolved in EtOH (15mL) and treated with Raney Nickel (834mg, 14.20mmol) at room temperature for 3h, filtered, concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography to give 159mg of the EXAMPLE A14 as a yellow oil. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCls): δ 8.53 (s, IH, Pyr-H), 8.13 (brd, J=4.48Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.24 (d, J=7.86Ηz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.16 (d, J=7.68Ηz, 2H, Ar-H), 6.31 (dd, J=6.00Ηz, 1.20Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.57 (s, 1Η, NH), 5.08 (s, 2Η, CHs-Ar), 4.20 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 3.23 (brs, 2H, CHs-N), 2.75 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 2.34 (s, 3H, CHa), 1.82-1.65 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.23-1.09 ( , 2Η, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 341.35.

EXAMPLE A15: Benzyl 4-[(4-pyrimidinylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A14, but replacing 4-methylbenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l- piperidinecarboxylate with benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l- piperidinecarboxylate . ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.53 (s, IH, Pyr-H), 8.13 (brd, J=4.85Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.38-7.28 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 6.32 (d, J=6.03Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.51 (brs, 1Η, NH), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CH₂-Aτ), 4.21 (brs, 2H, CHH), 3.24 (brs, 2H, CH2-N), 2.77 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 1.85-1.70 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.27- 1.10 (m, 2Η, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 327.29.

EXAMPLE A16: Benzyl 4-[(2-pyrimidinylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A13, except using benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l-piperidinecarboxylate (6.50g, 26.19mmol) and 2-chloropyrimidine (990mg, 8.64mmol) as starting materials without a solvent to give l.OOg of the title compound as a yellow oil. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCls): δ 8.26 (d, J=4.85Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.36-7.29 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 6.52 (t, J=4.85Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CH2- Ar), 4.21 (brs, 2H, CHH), 3.30 (t, J=6.26Hz, 2H, Cifc-N), 2.78 (brs, 2H, CHH), 1.76-1.62 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.28-1.12 (m, 2Η, CHH). M.S. (M+l): 327.33.

EXAMPLE A17:

4-Methyιbenzyl 4- [(2-pyrimidinylamino)methyl] -1- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A13, except using 4-methylbenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l- piperidinecarboxylate (300mg, 1.14mmol), 2-chloropyrimidine (131mg, 1.14mmol) as starting materials gave 19mg of the title compound as a yellow oil. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCls): δ 8.26 (d, J=4.76, 2H, Pyr-H), 7.26 (d, J=8.96Ηz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.17 (d, J=8.96Ηz, 2H, Ar-H), 6.31 (dd, J=4.85Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.28 (s, 1Η, NH), 5.08 (s, 2Η, CHs-Ar), 4.19 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 3.32 (d, J=6.36Hz, 2H, CH2-N), 2.76 (brs, 2H, CHH), 2.35 (s, 3H, CHa), 1.82-1.60 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.25-1.13 (m, 2Η, CHH). M.S. (M+l): 341.37.

EXAMPLE A18:

Benzyl 4-{ [(5-methyl-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE

A13, except using benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l-piperidinecarboxylate (298mg, 1.20mmol), 2-chloro-5-methylpyrimidine (51mg, 0.40mmol) as starting materials and using no solvent gave 103mg of the title compound as a yellow oil. Ή NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.10 (s, 2H, Pyr-H), 7.36-7.28

(m, 5Η, Ar-H), 5.47 (bt, J=4.98Ηz, IH, NH), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CH2-A1), 4.19 (brs, 2H, CHH), 3.32 (d, J=6.22Hz, 2H, Cffa-N), 2.76 (brs, 2H, CHH), 2.10 (s, 3H, CJEfc), 1.82-1.63 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.25-1.12 (m, 2Η, CHH). M.S. (M+l): 341.40. EXAMPLE A19:

4-Methylbenzyl 4-({ [2-(methylsulfanyl)-4- pyrimidinyl] amino}methyl)- 1-piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A13, except using 4-methylbenzyl 4-(ammomethyl)-l- piperidinecarboxylate (600mg, 2.29mmol), and 4-chloro-2- methylthiopyrimidine (386mg, 2.40mmol) as starting materials and gave 558mg of the title compound as a yellow oil. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCls): 8 7.99 (bs, IH, Pyr-H), 7.25 (d, J=8.69Ηz, 2H, Ar-H), 7.17 (d, J=8.95Ηz, 2H, Ar-H), 6.00 (d, J=5.94Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.08 (s, 2Η, CH₂-Av), 4.97 (bs, IH, NH), 4.21 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 3.24 (brs, 2H, CHs-N), 2.75 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 2.48 (s, 3H, CHa), 2.35 (s, 3H, CHa), 1.82-1.65 (m, 3Η, CHH, CH), 1.27-1.12 (m, 2Η, CHH). M.S. (M+l): 387.34.

EXAMPLE A20:

Benzyl 4-{ [(6-chloro-4-pyrimidinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A13, except using 4,6-dichloropyrimidine (1.26g, 8.45mmol) in place of 6- chloropurine as starting materials and adding TEA (2.80mL, 20.13mmol) in lOmL DMF. The procedure gave 2.06g of the title compound as a yellow oil. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCls): δ 8.32 (s, IH, Pyr-H), 7.37-7.28 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 6.35 (s, 1Η, Pyr-H), 5.72 (s, 1Η, NH), 5.13 (s, 2Η, CH₂-Ax), 4.22 (brs, 2H, CHH), 3.23 (brs, 2H, Cifc-N), 2.78 (brs, 2Η, CHH),1.85-1.66 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.27-1.10 (m, 2Η, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 361.32.

EXAMPLE A21: Benzyl 4-{ [(2-amino-9H-purin-6-yl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A13, except using benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l-piperidinecarboxylate (300mg, 1.21mmol) and 4-amino-6-chloropurine (68mg, 0.40mmol) as starting material. The procedure gave 14mg of the title compound as a yellow oil. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCls): δ 7.60 (s, IH, purine-H), 7.38- 7.28 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 6.01 (vbs, 1Η, NH), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CHs-Ar), 4.86 (vbs, 2Η, NH2), 4.19 (brs, 2H, CHH), 3.48 (brs, 2H, CHVN), 2.77 (brs, 2H, CHH),1.88-1.70 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.30-1.13 (m, 2Η, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 382.31.

EXAMPLE A22:

Benzyl 4-{ [(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)anιino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A13, except using benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l-piperidinecarboxylate (1.08g, 4.34mmol), 3,6-dichloropyridiazine (636mg, 4.34mmol) as starting materials which gave 450mg of the title compound as a yellow oil. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.38-7.28 (m, 6H, Pyr-H, Ar-H), 7.15 (d, J=9.24Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CH₂-Ar), 4.89 (bs, IH, NH), 4.22 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 3.32 (brs, 2H, Cffa-N), 2.78 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 1.96-1.82 (m, IH, CH), 1.77 (brd, J=12.34Ηz, 2H, CHH), 1.27-1.12 (m, 2H, CHH). M.S. (M+l): 361.27.

EXAMPLE A23: Benzyl 4-[(3-pyridazinylamino)methyi]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

Benzyl 4-{ [(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate (EXAMPLE A22) (400mg, l.llmmol) was dissolved in abs ethanol. Raney nickel (65mg, l.llmmol) was then added and the resulting reaction was stirred under latm hydrogen for 18h. The catalyst was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting clear oil was purified by silica gel chromatography to give 9mg of the title compound as a clear oil. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDC1₃): δ 8.54 (dd, J=4.48Hz, 1.28Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.38-7.29 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 7.14 (dd, J=9.05Ηz, 4.48Hz, IH, Pyr- H), 6.61 (dd, J=8.96Ηz, 1.28Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CHs-Ar), 4.83 (bs, 1Η, NH), 4.22 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 3.33 (brs, 2H, CHs-N), 2.78 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 1.96-1.71 (m, 3H, CHH,CH), 1.27-1.12 (m, 2Η, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 327.25.

EXAMPLE A24:

Benzyl 4-{[(6-hydroxy-3-pyridazinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

Benzyl 4-{ [(6-chloro-3-pyridazinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate (EXAMPLE A22) (37mg, O.lOmmol) was dissolved in acetic acid (5mL) with sodium acetate (82mg, l.OOmmol) and was heated to 100°C for 18h. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure and the residue partitioned between sat. NaHC03 and ethyl acetate. The organics were dried over Na2S04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure, affording 35mg of the title compound as a clear oil. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 10.78 (brs, IH, OH), 7.38-7.29

(m, 5Η, Ar-H), 6.83 (d, J=10.01Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 6.78 (d, J=9.77Ηz, IH, Pyr- H), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CH₂-Ar), 4.20 (brs, 3H, CHH, NH), 3.11 (brs, 2Η, CH2-N), 2.78 (brs, 2H, CHH), 1.87-1.65 (m, 3H, CHH,CH), 1.23-1.13 (m, 2Η, CHH). M.S. (M+l): 343.34.

EXAMPLE A25:

4-(Pyrazin-2-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester Benzyl 4-formyl-l-piperidinecarboxylate (P.E. Maligres, Tetrahedron, 53(32): 10983-10992(1997)) (lOOmg, 0.40mmol) and aminopyrazine (46mg, 0.48mmol) were dissolved in toluene under N2 and was heated to reflux under Dean Stark conditions for 18h. The volatiles were removed in vacuo and the residue taken up in ethanol and treated with solid NaBH₄ (76mg, 2.00mmol) in small portions. The reaction aged at 20°C for lh then was quenched with 2N HCI. The reaction was basified with IM NaOH and was extracted with ethyl acetate (2x). The combined organics were dried over Na2S0₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC to give 36mg of the title compound as a yellow oil. NMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 8.08 (d, J=1.01Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.95 (dd, J=3.29Ηz, 1.37Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.71 (d, J=3.29Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.35-7.28 (m, 5Η, Ar-H), 5.10 (s, 2Η, CHs-Ar), 4.18-4.14 (m, 2Η, CHH), 3.27 (d, J=2.14Hz, 2H, CH2-N), 2.83 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 1.88-1.65 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.23-1.09 (m, 2Η, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 327.26.

EXAMPLE A26: Benzyl 4-[(l,3-thiazol-2-ylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A25, except using benzyl 4-formyl-l-piperidinecarboxylate (300mg, 1.21mmol) and 2-amino-l,3-thiazole (133mg, 1.33mmol) as starting materials to give 97mg of the title compound as a yellow oil.

Η NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.38-7.28 (m, 5H, Ar-H), 7.07 (d, J=3.66Ηz, IH, thiazole-H), 6.45 (d, J=3.66Ηz, IH, thiazole-H), 6.39 (brs, 1Η, NH), 5.12 (s, 2Η, CH₂-Ar), 4.20 (brs, 2H, CHH), 3.15 (d, J=6.58Hz, 2H, CHϋ-N), 2.77 (brs, 2Η, CHH),1.89-1.71 (m, 3Η, CHH, CH), 1.26-1.10 (m, 2Η, CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 332.34.

EXAMPLE A27: 4-Methyιbenzyl 4-{ [(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino] methyl} piperidinecarboxylate

Step 1: Benzyl 4-{[(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]carbonyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The benzyl 4-{[(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]carbonyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate was prepared as described in EXAMPLE Al, except that l-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-4-piperidinecarboxylic acid (5.00g, 18.99mmol), 2-amino-3-methylpyridine (2.16g, 19.94mmol), EDC (4.37g, 22.79mmol), and HOAt (2.71g, 19.94mmol) and DMF (3mL) were used as starting materials. 5.81g of benzyl 4-{[(3-methyl-2- pyridinyl)amino]carbonyl}-l-piperidinecarboxylate was isolated as an off- white solid and used without further purification.

Step 2:

Piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (3-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-amide

The benzyl 4-{[(3-methyT2-pyridinyl)amino]carbonyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate from Step 1 above (5.45g, 15.42mmol) was suspended in abs. ethanol (250mL) and was treated with 10% palladium on carbon (1.50g) and stirred vigorously for 18h under latm of hydrogen. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure giving 3.61g of the piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (3- methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-amide as yellow oil.

Step 3:

4-(3-Methyl-pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester

The piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (3-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)- amide from Step 2 above (lOOmg, 0.46mmol) and N-[4-(methyibenzyloxy)- carbonyloxyjsuccininiide (127mg, 0.48mmol) were combined in DMF at r.t. and were mixed vigorously for 15min. The entire reaction was then purified by preparatory HPLC to give 70mg of the 4-(3-methyl-pyridin-2- ylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester as a clear oil.

Step 4:

4-[(3-Methyl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester

The 4-(3-methyl-pyridin-2-ylcarbamoyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester from Step 3 above (65mg, 0.18mmol) was treated with IM BH3-THF (1.80mmol, 1.80mL, IM in THF) over lOmin. and was aged at r.t. 4h. The reaction was quenched by slowly adding 2N HCI and stirring vigorously for 30 min. The reaction was basified with sat. NaHCOβ and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x). The combined organics were washed with brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated in vacuo, yielding a white foam which was purified by silica gel chromatography (99:10.1 to 95:5:0.5 CH₂Cl2:CH₃OH:NH4θH) to give 62mg of the 4-[(3-methyl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester (alternatively named 4- methylbenzyl 4-{[(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate) as a yellow oil. NMR (400MHz, CD3OD): δ 8.00 (d, J=2.47Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.26-7.15 (m, 6Η, Pyr-H ,Ar-H), 6.88 (dd, J=7.03Ηz, 5.12Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.08 (s, 2Η, CH2-Ar), 4.18 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 3.39 (brs, 2H, Cift-N), 2.78 (brs, 2H, CHH), 2.35 (s, 3H, CH₃), 2.07 (s, 3H, CHs), 1.90-1.60 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.30-1.10 (m, 4.16Hz, 2H, CHH). M.S. (M+l): 354.41.

EXAMPLE A28:

4-Fluorobenzyl 4-{ [(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The piperidine compound (600mg, 2.74mmol) from EXAMPLE A27, Step 2, was treated in accordance with Steps 3 and 4 of that EXAMPLE A27, except that N-[4-(fluorobenzyloxy)- carbonyloxy]succinimide (805mg, 3.01mmol) was used instead of N-[4- (methylbenzyloxy)-carbonyloxy]succinimide in Step 3 to give 481mg of the 4-fluorobenzyl 4-{ [(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate as a clear oil. NMR (400MHz, CDC1₃): δ 7.99 (d, J=4.29Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.34-7.31 (m, 2Η, Ar-H), 7.20-7.18 ( , 1Η, Pyr-H), 7.05-7.00 (m, 1Η, Pyr- H), 6.50 (dd, J=7.13Ηz, 5.12Hz, 2H, Ar-H), 5.08 (s, 2Η, CH2-Ar), 4.22 (brs, 3Η, CHH, NH), 3.38 (brs, 2Η, CH2-N), 2.77 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 2.06 (s, 3H, CHs), 1.84-1.77 (m, 3Η, CHH, CH), 1.26-1.12 (m, 2Η CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 358.35.

EXAMPLE A29:

4-Chlorobenzyl 4-{ [(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The piperidine compound (600mg, 2.74mmol) from EXAMPLE A27, Step 2, was treated in accordance with Steps 3 and 4, except that N-[4-(chlorobenzyl-oxy)carbonyloxy]succinimide (855mg, 3.01mmol) was used instead of N-[4-(methylbenzyloxy)- carbonyloxy]succinimide in Step 3 to give 102mg of the 4-chlorobenzyl 4- {[(3-methyl-2-pyridinyl)amino]methyl}-l-piperidinecarboxylate as a clear oil. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.99 (dd, J=4.90Hz, 1.23Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 4Η, Ar-H), 7.20-7.18 (m, 1Η, Pyr-H), 6.50 (dd, J=7.18Ηz, 5.08Hz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.08 (s, 2Η, CHu-Ar), 4.20 (brs, 3Η, CHH, NH), 3.38 (brs, 2Η, CH2-N), 2.78 (brs, 2Η, CHH), 2.06 (s, 3H, CHs), 1.90- 1.72 (m, 3Η, CHH, CH), 1.26-1.12 (m, 2Η CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 374.31.

EXAMPLE A30:

3-Fluorobenzyl 4- [(4-pyridinylamino)methyι] -1- piperidinecarboxylate Step 1:

7V-(4-piperidinylmethyl)-4-pyridinamine Benzyl 4- [(4-pyridinylamino)methyl] - 1-piperidinecarboxylate (EXAMPLE Al) (7g, 21mmol) was dissolved in abs. Ethanol (150mL) with 10% palladium on carbon (700mg) and stirred under latm of hydrogen for 2h. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford the N-(4-piperidinylmethyl)-4-pyridinanιine as a clear oil which was used without further purification.

Step 2:

3-Fluorobenzyl 4-[(4-pyridinylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

3-Fluorobenzyl alcohol (30mg, 0.24mmol) was treated with triphosgene (24mg, 0.08mmol) and 7V-(4-piperidinylmethyl)-4- pyridinamine (50mg, 0.26mmol), and aged at 40°C for 45min. The resulting reaction solution was partitioned between 0.5M NaOH and ethyl acetate. The organics were separated, dried over Na₂S04, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was purified by preparatory HPLC to give 14mg of TFA salt of the 3-fluorobenzyl 4-[(4- pyridinylamino)methyl] -1-piperidinecarboxylate as a yellow oil. M.S. (M+l): 344.36.

The following EXAMPLES A32-A36 were prepared as described above in EXAMPLE A30, but replacing 3-fluorobenzyl alcohol with the appropriate alcohol:

EXAMPLE A31:

2-Methylbenzyl 4- [(4-pyridinylamino)methyl] - 1- piperidinecarboxylate

M.S. (M+l): 340.38.

EXAMPLE A32:

3-Methylbenzyl 4- [(4-pyridinylamino)methyl] -1- piperidinecarboxylate M.S. (M+l): 340.39.

EXAMPLE A33: 4-Methylbenzyl 4-[(4-pyridinylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

M.S. (M+l): 340.29.

EXAMPLE A34:

2-Methoxybenzyl 4- [(4-pyridinylamino)methyl] - 1- piperidinecarboxylate

M.S. (M+l): 356.37.

EXAMPLE A35:

3-Methoxybenzyl 4-[(4-pyridinylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

M.S. (M+l): 356.37.

EXAMPLE A36:

4-Methoxybenzyl 4- [(4-pyridinylamino)methyl] -1- piperidinecarboxylate

M.S. (M+l): 356.36.

EXAMPLE A37:

4-Fluorobenzyl 4- [(2-pyrimidinylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

Benzyl 4- [(2-pyrimidinylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate (EXAMPLE A16) was hydrogenated as described in EXAMPLE A30, Step 1. Treatment with N-[4-(fluorobenzyloxy)- carbonyloxyjsuccinimide as described in EXAMPLE A27, Step 3, afforded the 4-fluorobenzyl 4-[(2-pyrimidinylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate. ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.26 (d, J=4.89Hz, 2H, Pyr-H), 7.35-7.27 (m, 2Η, Ar-H), 7.05-7.01 (m, 2Η, Ar-H), 6.53 (t, J=4.76Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.45 (brt, J=5.73Ηz, IH, NH), 5.08 (s, 2Η, CH₂-Ar), 4.20 (brd,

J=27.6Ηz, 2H, CHH), 3.32 (t, J=6.22Hz, 2H, Cfls-N), 2.77 (brs, 2H, CHH), 1.83-1.75 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.26-1.15 (m, 2Η CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 345.35.

EXAMPLE A38:

4-Chlorobenzyl 4-[(2-pyrimidinylamino)methyl]-l- piperidinecarboxylate

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A37, except replacing N-[4-(fluorobenzyloxy)-carbonyloxy]succinimide with N- [4-(chlorobenzyloxy)carbonyloxy] -succinimide . NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.25 (d, J=4.75Hz, 2H, Pyr-H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 4Η, Ar-H), 6.51 (t, J=4.84Ηz, IH, Pyr-H), 5.77 (bs, 1Η, NH), 5.08 (s, 2Η, CH₂-Ar), 4.18 (brs, 2H, CHH), 3.32 (brt, J=6.12Hz, 2H, CH₂- N), 2.77 (brs, 2H, CHH), 1.84-1.75 (m, 3H, CHH, CH), 1.26-1.12 (m, 2Η CHH).

M.S. (M+l): 361.32.

EXAMPLE A39: cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1: l-Benzyl-4-hydroxymethyl-piperidin-3-ol

Sodium borohydride (40g) was added in portions to a stirred solution of ethyl N-benzyl-3-oxopiperidine-4-carboxylate hydrochloride in methanol (500mL), over 2h. Water (300mL) was added slowly, the mixture stirred for 15min and then the organics were evaporated. The residue was partitioned between DCM and water (x3), the combined organic layers dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent evaporated to give the l-benzyl-4-hydroxymethyTpiperidin-3-ol product (9g) as a cis/trans mixture, which was used in the next step without further purification.

M.S (M+l): 222.

Step 2:

3 -Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A solution of the l-benzyl-4-hydroxymethyl-piperidin-3-ol from

Step 1 above (13.5g) in methanol (450mL) was hydrogenated at 50psi over 20% palladium hydroxide on charcoal (lOg) for 48h in three batches. The combined reaction mixtures were filtered and the filtrate evaporated to give an oil. This was dissolved in water (lOOmL) and dioxane (lOOmL), cooled to 5°C, and benzyl chloroformate (7.8mL) was added slowly. IM NaOH was added to maintain a pH of 10-11. After 30min, the cooling bath was removed and reaction mixture stirred for 30min. The reaction mixture was concentrated to remove dioxane and the residue extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and solvent evaporated to give a mixture of cis and trans 3-hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester products. Purification by flash column chromatography (80% EtOAc hexane to 5% MeOH EtOAc) gave 7.65g of upper Rf cis isomer and 3.2g lower Rf trans isomer.

M.S (M+l): 266.

Step 3:

Cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-piperidine- 1- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A solution of the 3-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester from Step 2 above (7.65g) in chloroform (200mL) was treated with pyridine (2.6mL) and 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (6.05g) and the reaction mixture heated to 60°C for 18h. Additional pyridine (0.85mL) and 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (2.0g) were added to the cooled reaction and heating continued for a further 24h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and washed with 10% aqueous citric acid solution and water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated to give, after flash column chromatography, the cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester compound (9.12g).

Step 4:

Cis 4-Aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A solution of the tosylate compound (6.80g) from Step 3 above was dissolved in DMF (50mL) and treated with sodium azide (3.16g). The reaction mixture was then heated to 50°C for 48h, cooled to room temperature and partitioned between dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate and EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and solvent evaporated to give the azide (5.23g) which was dissolved in THF (50mL) and treated with triphenylphosphine (14.07g) and water (3.25mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18h at room temperature, the volatiles evaporated and the residue purified by flash column chromatography (DCM to 80/20/2 DCM MeOH NH40H) to give the cis 4-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester compound as an oil (4.38g). M.S (M+l): 265.

Step 5: cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(pyridin~4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of the cis 4-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester (245mg) from. Step 4 above, 4-chloropyridine (105mg) and isopropanol (0.4mL) was heated to 120°C in a sealed vial for 24h, cooled to room temperature and the solvents evaporated. The resulting crude mixture was purified by flash column chromatography (DCM to 80/20/2 DCM MeOH NH40H) to give impure cis 3-hydroxy-4- (pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylie acid benzyl ester. This was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (95% H2O 5% MeCN to

100% MeCN both containing 0.1% TFA). Evaporation gave an oil which was partitioned between DCM and aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and solvent evaporated to give a white solid (45mg). M.S (M+1): 342.

EXAMPLE A40:

(-)-cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester and (+)-cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(pyridin-4- ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester The enantiomers of cis 3-hydroxy-4-(pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester were separated by preparative HPLC on a Chiralpak® AD column, eluting with 70% (0.1% diethylamine in hexane) 30% isopropanol to give the earlier eluting (-) enantiomer followed by the (+)-enantiomer.

EXAMPLE A41: cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l- earboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester Step 1: 3-Hydroxy-4-[(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-nitropyridine (S. M. Roberts et al., J. Chem. Soc. C, 2844-2848(1968)) (1.7g, β.δmmol) was added to a solution of cis 4-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

(1.71g, 6.49mmol) and N-methylmorpholine (0.785mL, 7.15mmol) in THF (50mL) at room temperature. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 18h at room temperature then partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated to give crude product purified by flash column chromatography (20-80% EtOAc hexane) to give 1.64g of the 3-hydroxy-4-[(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro- pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester compound.

M.S (M+l): 478.

Step 2:

4-(Pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidin-3-ol

A suspension of the 3-hydroxy-4- [(2,3,5, 6-tetrachloro-pyridin- 4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxyιic acid benzyl ester compound from Step 1 above (1.64g) and potassium carbonate (6g) in ethanol (200mL) was hydrogenated at 60psi over lg of 10% palladium on charcoal for 5h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the solids washed well with ethanol. The filtrate was evaporated, taken up in 40% MeOH DCM and refiltered. The filtrate was evaporated to give 1.07g of crude 4-(pyridin-4- ylaminomethyl)-piperidin-3-ol product used without further purification in the next step.

Step 3: cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylie acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester

A suspension of the 4-(Pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidin-3- ol from Step 2 above (0.076g, 0.367mmol) was suspended in DMF (1.5mL) and treated with carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4-methylbenzyl ester (0.097g, 0.37mmol) (prepared as described for analogs in Chem. Pharm. Bull., 38(1):110-115(1990)) and the resulting reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5min. The mixture was then partitioned between dilute sodium carbonate solution and EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent evaporated to give a crude product. Purification by flash column chromatography (DCM to 80/20/2 DCM MeOH NH40H) afforded 60mg of the cis 3-hydroxy-4- (pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester compound.

M.S (M+l): 356.

EXAMPLE A42: cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid 4-ethyl-benzyl ester

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE

A41, Step 3, but replacing carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4- methyl-benzyl ester with carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4- ethyl-benzyl ester.

M.S (M+l): 370

EXAMPLE A43: cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(pyridin-2-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of cis 4-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester (O.lg, 378mmol) and 2-fiuoropyridine (0.25mL) was heated to 120°C for 24h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent evaporated to give a cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(pyridin-2-ylaminomethyl)- piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester crude product, which was purified by flash column chromatography (50% EtOAc hexane to 5% MeOH EtOAc.

M.S (M+l): 342

EXAMPLE A44:

4-[(3-Cyano-pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester A mixture of cis 4-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester (lg, 4.03mmol) and 3-cyanopyridine (0.25g) was heated to 100°C for 30min. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and pH5.2 citrate buffer. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent evaporated to give a solid which was stirred with 5mL ether and 0.5mL EtOAc for lh and filtered to a solid 4-[(3-cyano-pyridin-2-ylamino)- methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (415mg)

M.S (M+1): 351

EXAMPLE A45:

4-[(3-Chloro-pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of cis 4-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester (lg, 4.03mmol) and 3-chloropyridine (0.25g) was heated to 100°C for 12h. The reaction mixture was cooled and partitioned between EtOAc and pH5.2 citrate buffer. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated to give a crude product. Purification by flash column chromatography (5-50% EtOAc hexane) afforded 159mg of the 4-[(3- Chloro-pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester compound.

M.S (M+l): 360.

EXAMPLE A46:

4- [(3-Trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of cis 4-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester (lg, 4.03mmol) and 3-trifluoromethylpyridine (0.25g) was heated to 100°C for 12h. The reaction mixture was cooled and partitioned between EtOAc and pH5.2 citrate buffer. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent evaporated to give a crude product. Purification by flash column chromatography (5-50% EtOAc hexane) afforded 403mg of the 4-[(3- trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester compound.

M.S (M+1): 394.

EXAMPLE A47:

4-[(3-Chloro-pyrazin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of cis 4-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester (1.25g, 5.04mmol) and 2,3-dichloropyrazine (0.25g) was heated to 100°C for lh. The reaction mixture was cooled and partitioned between EtOAc and pH5.2 citrate buffer. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent evaporated to give a crude product. Purification by flash column chromatography (5-50% EtOAc hexane) afforded 527mg of the 4-[(3-chloro- pyrazin-2-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester compound. M.S (M+l): 361.

EXAMPLE A48:

4- [(3-Hydroxy-pyrazin-2-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1- earboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1:

3-[(Piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-amino]-pyrazin-2-ol

4-[(3-Chloro-pyrazin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester (2.21g, 6.12mmol) and 3M HCI (200mL) was heated to reflux for 18h, cooled to room temperature and the volatiles evaporated. The residue was azeotroped with ethanol (3xl00mL) and then stirred with 50mL ether for lh, filtered and the solid dried to yield 1.7g of a cream solid. Step 2:

4-[(3-Hydroxy-pyrazin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a solution of the 3-[(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-amino]-pyrazin-

2-ol from Step 1 above (0.287g, 1.021mmol) in DMF (5mL) was added triethylamine (0.356mL, 2.55mmol), followed by N-

(benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (0.305g, 1.23mmol). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for lδmin then partitioned between EtOAc and water. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the crude product purified by flash column chromatography (50% EtOAc hexane to 5% MeOH EtOAc) to give an oil which solidified on standing (270mg). M.S (M+1): 343.24.

EXAMPLE A49:

4- [(5-Chloro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 1- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

Step 1: 4-[(2,5,6-Trichloro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-

1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a solution of 4-aminomethyl-piperi dine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.6g, 20mmol) in THF (40mL) at -78°C was added a solution of tetrachloropyrimidine (4.4g,

20mmol). The cooling bath was removed and the solution was stirred for 45 min. The solution was concentrated and purified by filtering through a pad of silica gel using ether.

Step 2:

4-[(5-Chloro-2,6-bis-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)- methyl] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester To 4-[(2,5,6-Trichloro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (lg, 2.33mmol) in DMF was added sodium thiomethoxide (0.4g, 5.8mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 2h and quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride. The product was extracted with ethyl acetate, dried (Na₂Sθ4), concentrated, and purified by silica gel chromatography (ether / hexanes).

Step 3:

4- [(5-Chloro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

4-[(5-Chloro-2,6-bis-methylsulfanyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)- methyl] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (l.Og, 2.2mmol) was suspended in ethanol (15mL) (not very soluble in ethanol so enough ethyl acetate was added to make homogeneous) and excess Raney nickel was added. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred overnight. More Raney Nickel was added and the reaction mixture was heated to 80°C for 3h. The mixture was filtered and the solids were washed with hot ethanol / ethyl acetate several times. The organics were concentrated and the resulting residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (isopropanol / methylene chloride). The product was dissolved in ether and treated with ethereal HCI (2.2mmol) to form the HCI salt which was collected by filtration. The resulting 4-[(5-chloro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester hydrochloride salt was collected ■ by filtration as a colorless solid.

Η NMR (400MHz, CD₃OD): δ 8.67 (s, lh, pyrimidine), 8.45 (s, lh, pyrimidine), 7.32 (m, 5h, Ar), 5.10 (s, 2h, CHH), 4.15 (d, J = 13.0 Hz, 2h, CHH), 3.58 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2h, CHH), 2.83 (m, 2h, CHH), 1.97 (m, lh, CH), 1.74 (d, J = 12.0 Hz, 2h, CHH). M.S (M+l): 361.3

EXAMPLE A50:

4- [(2-Hydroxymethyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 1 - carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1:

Benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l -carboxylate

4-Aminomethylpiperidine (40g, 350mmol) and benzaldehyde (37.3mL, 5 368mmol) in toluene (600mL) were heated to reflux under dean stark conditions for 2h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and 500mL dichloromethane added. The solution was cooled to 5°C and treated with N- (benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (91.7g, 368mmol). After lOmin., the cooling bath was removed and the reaction mixture stirred for lh. The solvents were 0 evaporated and the residue stirred with 400mL THF and 400mL 2M HCI for lh. The mixture was concentrated to remove organics and extracted with ether (3x300mL). The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH14 with 50% NaOH and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent evaporated to give the benzyl 4- 5 (aminomethyl)piperidine-l -carboxylate compound. (19. lg).

Step 2:

4-[(l-Benzyloxycarbonyl-piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-amino]-pyridine-2- carboxylic acid 0

To a solution of 4-chloropicolinic acid (O.δgm, O.OOδlmol) in DMSO (4mL) was added benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l -carboxylate ( 2.5gm, O.OlOmol) and the mixture warmed to 140°C for 18h. The reaction was cooled and diluted with 10 % sodium bicarbonate (lOOmL) and δ washed with ether (2x 2δmL). The aqueous extract was washed with dichloromethane (3x δOmL) and dichloromethane extract dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to an oil (2.4gm). The oil was chromatographed on silica using dichloromethane/methanol/acetic acid/water-90/10/1/1 to give 4-[(l-benzyloxycarbonyl-piperidin-4-ylmethyl)- 0 amino]-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.δ9gm, 32 %).

Η NMR 400MHz (δ, DMSO) δ: 8.98 (s, IH); 8.2-8.0 (m, IH); 7.6-7.2 (m, 5H); 7.01(brs, IH); 5.08(s, 2H); 4.02 (brd, 2H); 2.80 (brs, 2H); 1.8-1.6 (m, 3H); 1.3-1.1 (m, 2H).

M.S.(M+1): 370. δ Step 3:

4-[(2-Hydroxymethyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

5 To a 0°C solution of 4-[(l-benzyloxycarbonyl-piperidin-4- ylmethyl)-amino]-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (0.59gm, O.OOlβmol) in THF (2mL) under nitrogen was added a solution of 1.0M borane- tetrahydrofuran (6mL) and the mixture allowed to stir at room temperature for lh. The reaction was cooled to 0°C, quenched with IN

10 HCI (lOmL), concentrated and diluted with 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate. Extraction with dichloromethane (2x 50mL)and concentration of the organic layer gave 540mg of crude material. Column chromatography using dichloromethane/methanol/ammonium hydroxide- 90/10/2 and crystallization from diethyl ether gave 4-[(2-hydroxymethyl- lδ pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (340mg). Η NMR (400MHz CDCL3) δ: 8.13 (d, IH, J=6.8Hz ); 7.5-7.1 (m, 5H); 6.35 (m, 2H); 5.12(s, 2H); 4.61 (s, 2H); 4.20 (brm, 3H); 3.08 (m, 2H); 2.78(m, 2H) 1.8-1.6 (m, 3H); 1.3-1.1 (m, 2H). M.S.(M+1): 356.

20

EXAMPLE A51:

4- [(2-Dimethylaminomethyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1:

2δ 4- [(2-Dimethylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a mixture of 4-[(l-Benzyloxycarbonyl-piperidin-4-ylmethyl)- amino]-pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (EXAMPLE A50, Step 2) (50mg, 30 0.000135mol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (3 lmg, 0.0002mol), 2.0M dimethylamine/THF (O.lOOmL, 0.0002mol) and triethylamine (0.048mL, 0.0002mol) in DMF (2mL) was added l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride (39mg, 0.0002mol) and the mixture allowed to stir at room temperature for 7 days. The mixture was quenched into water (lOmL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (20mL). The ethyl acetate extract was washed with 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (lOmL), brine (5mL), dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue chromatographed (reverse phase C-l 8 using acetonitrile/0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid in water) to give the 4-[(2- δ dimethylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester compound as its trifluoroacetate salt (28mg). M.S.(M+1): 397.

Step 2: 10 4-[(2-Dimethylaminomethyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To 4- [(2-Dimethylcarbamoyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (28mg, O.Oδmmol) was added a lδ solution of l.OM borane-tetrahydrofuran (2mL). The reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24h. The reaction was quenched with IN HCI (2mL) and concentrated in vacuo to an oil. Reverse phase chromatography (C- 18 using acetonitrile/0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid in water) gave upon concentration in vacuo the 4-[(2-dimethylaminomethyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- 20 piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (8mg).

Η NMR (400MHz CD3OD) δ: 8.10 (m, IH ); 7.4-7.2 (m, 5H); 7.2-

6.8 (m, 2H); 5.12(s, 2H); 4.41 (s, 2H); 4.18 (m, 2H; 3.30(m, 2H); 2.78(m, 2H) 1.8-1.6 (m, 3H); 1.3-1.1 (m, 2H).

M.S.(M+1): 383. 2δ

EXAMPLE A52:

4-[(2-Methylaminomethyl-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

30 The title compound was prepared in a similar manner to EXAMPLE

A51, except replacing dimethylamine with methylamine in Step 1. M.S.(M+1): 369.

EXAMPLE A53: 4-[(3-Chloro-pyrazin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid 4-fluoro-benzyl ester Step 1:

4-Fluorobenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate

The 4-Fluorobenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l -carboxylate was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A13, Step 1, except replacing N- (benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide with N-(4-[4- fluorobenzyl]oxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (prepared as previously described for analogs by Chem. Pharm. Bull, 38(1): 110-115(1990).

Step 2:

4-[(3-Chloro-pyrazin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid 4-fluoro-benzyl ester

To 2,3-dichloropyrazine (0.160gm, 0.00107mol) was added 4- fluorobenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (0.86gm, 0.00322mol) and the resulting mixture heated under nitrogen at 110°C for 30min. The reaction was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate (50mL), and washed with 10% aqueous sodium citric acid pH=5.2 (3X 30mL), and 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (30mL). The ethyl acetate extract was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered through a pad of silica and concentrated to an oil. Crystallization from ether/hexane gave the 4-[(3-Chloro-pyrazin-2- ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid 4-fluoro-benzyl ester (0.376gm). iH NMR (400MHz DMSO d6) δ: 7.99 (d, IH, J=2.7 Hz ); 7.52(d, IH, J=2.7 Hz); 7.41 (d, IH, J=5.7 Hz);7.39( d, IH, J=5.7 Hz); 7.19 (m, 2H); 7.16 (m, IH); 5.03 (s, 2H); 3.97 (m, 2H); 3.25 (m, 2H); 2.75 (m, 2H); 1.9 (m, IH); 1.7 (m, 2H); 1.1- 0.9 (m, 2H).

M.S.(M+1): 379.

EXAMPLE A54:

4-Hydroxy-4-(pvridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester * TFA salt Step 1:

4-Aminomethyl-l-benzyl-piperidin-4-ol A mixture of l-benzyl-4-hydroxy-piperidine-4-carbonitrile (δ.OOg, 19.78mmol) and BH3.THF (59.3δmmol, δ9.3δmL, IM in THF) was heated at 80°C for lh. Cooled to 0°C and quenched with cone. HCI (20mL), the reaction solution was then stirred at rt in lh. The reaction solution was basified with ION NaOH to pH8, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x lOOmL). The combined extracts were washed with water (δOmL), brine (30mL), dried over Na₂Sθ4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give the 4-aminomethyl-l-benzyl-piperidin-4-ol compound (4.01g).

M.S.(M+1):221.31

10

Step 2:

4-BOC-aminomethyl-l-benzyl-piperidin-4-ol

To a cooled (0°C), stirred solution of 4-aminomethyl-l-benzyl- lδ piperidin-4-ol (4.00g, 18.16mmol) in dry CH₂C1₂ (40mL), under N₂ was slowly added BOC₂0 (4.36g, 19.97mmol) dissolved in dry CH₂C1₂ (δmL). The ice bath was removed and the reaction solution allowed to warm to rt over lh, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography, 1 - 10 (10% NH4OH in MeOH) / 99 - 90 CH₂C1₂) to give 4- 20 BOC-aminomethyl-l-benzyl-piperidin-4-ol (3.18g). M.S.(M+1):321.41

Step 3:

4-BOC-aminomethyl-piperidin-4-ol

2δ

A mixture of 4-BOC-aminomethyl-l-benzyl-piperidin-4-ol (O.δOg, l.δ6mmol), Pd(OH)₂ (20% on carbon, O.Oδg) in absolute ethanol (lδmL) was shaken under 60psi H2atmosphere for 3h. Filtered and concentrated, the reaction gave 0.36g of the 4-BOC-aminomethyl- 30 piperidin-4-ol compound.

M.S.(M+1):231.28

Step 4:

4-BOC-aminomethyl-l-CBZ-piperidin-4-ol To a cooled (0°C), stirred solution of 4-BOC-aminomethyl- piperidin-4-ol (0.3δg, l.δ2mmol) in dried CH2CI2 (δmL), under N₂ was slowly added CBZ-C1 (0.24mL, 1.67mmol), followed by triethyl amine (0.42mL, 3.04mmol). The ice bath was removed and the reaction solution was stirred to rt in lh, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (10 CH₂C1₂ : 1 - 20 IPA : 89 - 10 hexane)) to give the 4-BOC-aminomethyl-l-CBZ-piperidin-4-ol compound (0.53g).

M.S.(M+1):365.39

10

Step δ:

4-aminomethyl-l-CBZ-piperidin-4-ol

To a stirred solution of 4-BOC-aminomethyl-l-CBZ-piperidin- lδ 4-ol (O.δOg, 1.37mmol) in dried CH₂C1₂ (3mL) was slowly added trifluoroacetic acid (3mL). The resulting reaction solution was stirred at rt for 20min., then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (lOOmL), washed with sat. aq. NaHCOβ (20mL), water (20mL), brine (lOmL), dried over Na₂SU4, filtered and concentrated to give 20 4-aminomethyl-l-CBZ-piperidin-4-ol (0.29g). M.S.(M+1):265.32

Step 6:

4-Hydroxy-4-(pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l- 2δ carboxylic acid benzyl ester * TFA salt

A solution of 4-aminomethyl-l-CBZ-piperidin-4-ol (0.10g, 0.38mmol), 4-bromo-pyridine (0.06g, 0.38mmol) in IPA (2mL) was heated at 100°C in a sealed reaction tube for 7h. Cooled to rt, the reaction 30 mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (lOOmL), washed with sat. aq.

NaHCOs (20mL), water (20mL), brine (lOmL), dried over Na₂SO₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by reversed phase chromatography to give the 4-Hydroxy-4-(ρyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester compound as a TFA salt (0.017g). M.S.(M+1):342.35

EXAMPLE A55:

4-[(3-Bromo-pyridin~4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- δ carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of benzyl-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (EXAMPLE A13, Step 1, 0.20g, 0.81mmol), 3,4-dibromo-pyridine (Chem. Abstracts, δ_8:δ627) (0.19g, 0.81mmol) in IPA (O.δmL) was heated at 100°C 0 in a sealed reaction tube for 7h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (DCM IPA hexane)) to give 4- [(3-Bromo-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.06g).

M.S.(M+1):405.27 5

EXAMPLE 56:

4- [(3-Fluoro-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1- carboxylic acid benzyl ester TFA salt

0 A mixture of benzyl-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate

(EXAMPLE A13, Step 1, 0.20g, O.δlmmol), 3-fluoro-4-iodo-pyridine (Tetrahedron, 49:49-64(1993) (0.18g, 0.81mmol) in IPA (O.lmL) was heated at 100°C in a sealed reaction tube for lOOh, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by reversed phase chromatography to δ give 4-[(3-Fluoro-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as a TFA salt (0.031g). M.S.(M+1):344.36

EXAMPLE A57: 0 4- [(2-Chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a stirred solution of 2,4-dichloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine (3.61g, 22.1δmmol), triethyl amine (7.02mL, 50.34mmol) in DMF (15mL) δ was slowly added benzyl-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (EXAMPLE A13, Step 1, δ.OOg, 20.13mmol). The resulting reaction solution was stirred at rt for 2h, then diluted with ethyl acetate (400mL), washed with water (3 x 30mL), brine (30mL), dried over Na₂Sθ4, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography δ (20 - 80% ethyl acetate in hexane) to give 4-[(2-Chloro-6-methyl- pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (3.66g).

M.S.(M+1):375.36

10 EXAMPLE A58:

4- [(6-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyi] -piperidine-1- carboxylie acid benzyl ester Step 1:

4- [(6-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine Iδ

A mixture of 4-[(2-Chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)- methyl] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE A57, O.δOg, 1.33mmol), Pd / C (10%, 0.05g) in absolute ethanol (15mL) was vigorously stirred under latm H₂ for 6h. Filtered and concentrated, the reaction 20 gave 0.27g of the 4- [(6-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine compound.

M.S.(M+1):207.30

Step 2: 2δ 4- [(6-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 1- carbox lic acid benzyl ester

To a stirred solution of 4-[(6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)- methyl] -piperidine (O.lδg, 0.73mmol), in DMF (ImL) was added carbonic 30 acid benzyl ester 2,δ-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester (0.18g, 0.73mmol). The resulting reaction solution was stirred at rt for O.δh, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (90:10:1 DCM MeOH NH40H) to give 4-[(6-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.24g). M.S.(M+1):341.37

EXAMPLE A59:

4- [(2-Chloro-δ-methyl-pyτimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - δ piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a stirred solution of 2,4-dichloro-δ-methyl-pyrimidine (3.61g, 22.1δmmol), triethylamine (7.02mL, δ0.34mmol) in DMF (lδmL) was slowly added benzyl-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate

10 (EXAMPLE A13, Step 1, δ.OOg, 20.13mmol). The resulting reaction solution was stirred at rt for 2h, then diluted with ethyl acetate (400mL), washed with water (3 x 30mL), brine (30mL), dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (20 — 80% ethyl acetate in hexane) to give 4-[(2-Chloro-δ-methyl- lδ pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (δ.l3g).

M.S.(M+1):375.36

EXAMPLE A60:

20 4-[(δ-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1:

4- [(δ-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine

2δ A mixture of 4-[(2-chloro-δ-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)- methyl] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE A59, 2.00g, 5.34mmol), Pd / C (10%, 0.20g) in absolute ethanol (lδmL) was vigorously stirred under latm H₂. Filtered and concentrated, the reaction gave 1.02g of 4- [(δ-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine .

30 M.S.(M+1):207.29

Step 2:

4- [(δ-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1- carboxylic acid benzyl ester 35 To a stirred solution of 4-[(δ-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)- methyl] -piperidine (0.20g, 0.97mmol), in DMF (3mL) was added carbonic acid benzyl ester 2,δ-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester (0.24g, 0.97mmol). The resulting reaction solution was stirred at rt for O.δh, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (1 — 10 (10% NH₄OH in MeOH) / 99 - 90 CH₂C1₂) to give the 4-[(δ-methyl-pyrimidin-4- ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester compound (0.19g, 58%). NMR (400MHz, CDCls) δ 8.50 (s, lh, Pyr), 7.97 (s, lh, Pyr), 7.35 (m, δh, Ar), 5.13 (s, 2h, ArCH₂0), 4.62 (s, lh, NH), 4.22 (br s, 2h, NCH₂CΗ₂), 3.43 (s, 2h, NHCH₂CH), 2.79 (br s, 2h, NCH₂CH₂), 2.02 (s, 3h, CHs), 1.86 (m, lh, CH), 1.76 (d, J = 11.7 Ηz, 2h, CΗCH₂CΗ₂), 1.21 (q, J = 9.7 Hz, 2h, CHCH₂CH₂);

M.S.(M+1):341.39

EXAMPLES A61-A63 were prepared as described above in EXAMPLE A60, but replacing the carbonic acid benzyl ester 2,5-dioxo- pyrrolidin-l-yl ester with the appropriately substituted analog:

EXAMPLE A61:

4- [(δ-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1- carboxylic acid-4-methyl-benzyl ester

ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.49 (s, lh, Pyr), 7.97 (s, lh, Pyr), 7.25 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2h, Ar), 7.16 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 2h, Ar), 5.08 (s, 2h, ArCH₂0), 4.62 (s, lh, NH), 4.20 (br s, 2h, NCH₂CΗ₂), 3.43 (s, 2h, NHCH₂CH), 2.77 (t, J = 11.0 Hz, 2h, NCH₂CH₂), 2.35 (s, 3h, PyrCH₃), 2.02 (s, 3h, ArCHs), 1.84 (m, lh, CH), 1.74 (d, J = 9.7 Ηz, 2h, CΗCH₂CΗ₂), 1.20 (q, = 10.6 Hz, 2h, CHCH₂CH₂); M.S.(M+1):355.39 .

EXAMPLE A62:

4- [(5-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 1- carboxylic acid-4-chloro-benzyl ester ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCls) δ 8.δ0 (s, lh, Pyr), 7.97 (s, lh, Pyr), 7.34 - 7.26 (m, 4h, Ar), δ.08 (s, 2h, ArCH₂0), 4.62 (s, lh, NH), 4.20 (br s, 2h, NCH₂CΗ₂), 3.43 (s, 2h, NHCH2CH), 2.79 (br s, 2h, NCH₂CH₂), 2.02 (s, 3h, CHs), 1.85 (m, lh, CH), 1.76 (d, J = 12.6 Ηz, 2h, CΗCH₂CΗ₂), 1.20 (q, J = 10.0 Hz, 2h, CHCH₂CH₂);

M.S.(M+1):375.35

EXAMPLE A63: 4- [(δ-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1- carboxylic acid-4-fluoro-benzyl ester

ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.δ6 (s, lh, Pyr), 7.96 (s, lh, Pyr), 7.38 (dd, J = 5.6 & 5.4 Hz, 2h, Ar), 7.08 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2h, Ar), 5.08 (s, 2h, ArCH₂0), 4.14 (d, J = 13.3 Ηz, 2h, NCH₂CΗ₂), 6.94 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2h, NHCH₂CH), 2.81 (br s, 2h, NCH₂CH₂), 2.15 (s, 3h, CHs), 1.95 (m, lh, CH), 1.74 (d, J = 11.4 Ηz, 2h, CΗCH₂CΗ₂), 1.17 (q, J = 9.2 Hz, 2h, CHCH₂CH₂);

M.S.(M+1):359.36

EXAMPLE A64:

4- [(2-Amino-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1: 4-{ [2-(2,4-Dimethoxy-benzylamino)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4- ylamino]-methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A stirred solution of 4-[(2-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4- ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE A57, 0.5g, 1.33mmol) in 2,4-dimethoxy-benzylamine (l.OOmL, 6.67mmol) was heated at 100°C for 6h, then cooled to rt and purified by silica gel chromatography 1 - 10 (10% NH OH in MeOH) / 99 - 90 CH₂C1₂) to give 4- {[2-(2,4-Dimethoxy-benzylamino)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino]-methyl}- piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (O.δlg). M.S.(M+1):506.46

Step 2:

4- [(2-Amino-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a stirred solution of the 4-{[2-(2,4-Dimethoxy- benzylamino)-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino]-methyl}-ρiperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester from Step 1 above (0.4g, 0.79mmol) in CH₂C1₂ (5mL) was added trifluoro acetic acid (ImL). The resulting reaction solution was stirred at rt for lh, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (1 - 10 (10% NH₄OH in MeOH) / 99 - 90 CH2C1₂) to give the 4-[(2-Amino-6-methyl-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)- methyi]-piperidine-l-carboxyιic acid benzyl ester compound (0.27g). M.S.(M+1):356.36

EXAMPLE A65: 4-[(5,6-Dichloro-pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

Step 1:

3,4,δ-Trichloro-pyridazine

A stirred solution of 4,δ-dichloro-2,3-dihydro-3-pyridazinone (lδ.OOg, 90.92mmol) in POCls was refluxed at 125°C for 1.5h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH₂C1₂ (400mL), washed with water (lOOmL), dried over Na₂Sθ4, filtered and concentrated to give 3,4,δ~Trichloro-pyridazine (16.18g). M.S.(M+1): 185.00

Step 2: 4-[(5,6-Dichloro-pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a stirred solution of 3,4,5-trichloro-pyridazine (2.22g, δ 12.08mmol) and DIPEA (4.21mL, 24.16mmol) in IPA (2δmL) was added benzyl-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (EXAMPLE A13, step 1, 3.00g, 12.08mmol). The resulting reaction solution was stirred at rt for δh, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in CH₂C1 (200mL), washed with water (δOmL), dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and 0 concentrated. The crude product was purified by silica gel chromatography (1 - 7 (10% NH₄OH in MeOH) / 99 - 93 CH₂C1₂) to give 4- [(5,6-Dichloro-pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.98g).

M.S.(M+1):395.28 5

EXAMPLE A66:

4- [(Pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1: 0 4- [(Pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine

A mixture of 4-[(5,6-dichloro-pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE A65, 2.00g, δ.06mmol), Pd / C (10%, 0.20g) in absolute ethanol (lδmL) was vigorously δ stirred under latm H₂ provided by a H₂ balloon for 7h. Filtered and concentrated, the reaction gave 0.88g (90%) of the 4-[(Pyridazin-4- ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine compound.

M.S.(M+1): 193.25

0 Step 2:

4-[(Pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester To a stirred solution of 4-[(pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- piperidine (0.20g, 1.04mmol), in DMF (3mL) was added carbonic acid benzyl ester 2,δ-dioxo-pyrroιidin-l-yl ester (0.26g, 1.04mmol). The resulting reaction solution was stirred at rt for O.δh, then concentrated i?ι δ vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (1 - 7 (10% NH₄OH in MeOH) / 99 - 93 CH₂C1₂) to give the 4-[(Pyridazin-4-ylamino)- methyl] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.18g). ⁱH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.6δ (d, J = 6.1 Hz, lh, Pyr), 8.δ7 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, lh, Pyr), 7.36 (m, δh, Ar), 6.46 (dd, J = 6.1 & 2.9 Hz, 0 lh, Pyr), 5.13 (s, 2h, ArCH₂0), 4.40 (s, lh, NH), 4.25 (br s, 2h, NCH₂CΗ₂), 3.10 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2h, NHCH2CH), 2.78 (br s, 2h, NCH₂CH₂), 1.81 (m, lh, CH), 1.77 (d, J = 12.5 Ηz, 2h, CΗCH₂CΗ₂), 1.23 (q, J = 10.3 Hz, 2h, CHCH₂CH₂);

M.S.(M+1):327.28 5

EXAMPLE A67:

4-[(Pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid-4-fluoro-benzyl ester

0 To a stirred solution of 4-[(pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- piperidine (0.20g, 1.04mmol, from EXAMPLE A66, Step 1) in DMF (3mL) was added carbonic acid-4-fluoro-benzyl ester 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester (0.28g, 1.04mmol). The resulting reaction solution was stirred at rt for O.δh, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica δ gel chromatography (1-7 (10% NH OH in MeOH) / 99-93 CH2CI2) to give the 4- [(Pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1-carboxylic acid-4-fluoro- benzyl ester (0.28g).

M.S.(M+1):345.29 EXAMPLES A68A and A68B:

EXAMPLE A68A: 4-[(6-Chloro-pyridazin-4-ylamino)- methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

EXAMPLE A68B: 4-[(δ-Chloro-pyridazin-4-ylamino)- methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of 4-[(δ,6-dichloro-pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyi]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE A65, O.lδg, 0.38mmol), washed Raney Nickel (O.lδg), NH4OH (ImL) in absolute ethanol (lOmL) was vigorously stirred under latm H2 for 7h. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (1 - 7 (10% NH₄OH in MeOH) / 99 - 93 CH₂C1₂) to give 4-[(6-chloro-pyridazin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (O.OOδg, 4%) M.S.(M+1): 361.25 and 4-[(δ-chloro-pyridazin- 4-ylamino)-methyι]-piperidine-l-carboxyιic acid benzyl ester. M.S.(M+1):361.25 (0.12g, 9%)

EXAMPLE A69: 4-[(2-Chloro-δ-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1:

2,4-Dichloro-δ-fluoro-pyrimidine

A solution of 5-fluoro-uracil (δ.OOg, 38.44mmol) and N,N- dimethylaniline (5mL) in POCI3 (20mL) was refluxed at 125°C for lh. The solution was then concentrated in vacuo. The resulting residue was quenched with water (20mL) at 0°C, and extracted with ether (3 x lδOmL). The combined ether layers were washed with water (2 x δOmL), sat. aq. NaHCOs, water (δOmL), dried over Na₂Sθ4, filtered and concentrated to give the 2,4-Dichloro-δ-fluoro-pyrimidine compound (δ.41g)

Step 2: 4- [(2-Chloro-δ-fluoro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl] - piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a stirred solution of 2,4-dichloro-δ-fluoro-pyrimidine δ (0.67g, 4.03mmol) and triethylamine (0.84mL, 6.04mmol) in DMF (δmL) was added benzyl-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (l.OOg, 4.03mmol). The resulting reaction solution was stirred at rt for lh, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (CH₂C1₂ / IPA / hexanes) to give 4-[(2-Chloro-δ-fluoro- 10 pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.79g).

M.S.(M+1):379.25

EXAMPLE A70: lδ 4-[(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of 4-[(2-Chloro-δ-fluoro-pyrimidin -4-ylamino)- methyl] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE A69, O.lδg, 20 0.40mmol), washed Raney-Ni (O.lδg), NH₄OH (ImL) in absolute ethanol (lOmL) was vigorously stirred under latm H₂ for 2h. The reaction mixture was filtered and concentrated and the residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (1 - 10 (10% NH OH in MeOH) / 99 - 90 CH₂C1₂) to give the 4-[(5-Fluoro-pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- 2δ carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.092g, 68%). M.S.(M+l):34δ.28

EXAMPLE A71:

4- [(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1- 30 carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1:

2-Chloro-δ-fluoro-pyrimidine To a refluxing mixture of 2,4-dichloro-δ-fluoro-pyrimidine (EXAMPLE A69, step 1, 3.25g, 19.47mmol) and zinc (8 - 30 mesh, 3.82g, 58.39mmol) in THF (30mL) was slowly added acetic acid (l.ll L, 19.47mmol). This reaction mixture was refluxed for 7h, then cooled to rt, 5 filtered and concentrated to give the 2-Chloro-5-fiuoro-pyrimidine compound (2.11g).

Step 2:

4- [(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 1- 10 carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A solution of benzyl-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (EXAMPLE A13, step 1, 0.10g, 0.40mmol), 2-chloro-5-fluoro-pyrimidine (0.053g, 0.40mmol) and triethylamine (O.llmL, O.δlmmol) in DMF lδ (O.δmL) was heated at 100°C for 6h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (10 CH₂C1₂ : 1 — 20 IPA : 89 — 70 hexane) to give the 4-[(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (0.037g). M.S.(M+1):345.29 20

EXAMPLE A72:

4-[(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid-4-methyl-benzyl ester

2δ The solution of (4-methyl-benzyl)-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-

1-carboxylate (INTERMEDIATE A2a) (0.20g, 0.76mmol), 2-chloro-δ- fluoro-pyrimidine (EXAMPLE A71, Step 1) (0.10g, 0.76mmol) and triethylamine (0.21mL, l.δ3mmol) in DMF (ImL) was heated at 100°C for 6h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel

30 chromatography (10 CH₂C1₂ : 1 - 10 IPA : 89 - 80 hexane) to give the 4- [(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid-4- methyl-benzyl ester (O.llg). M.S.(M+1):359.33 EXAMPLE A73:

4-[(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid-4-cyclopropyl-benzyl ester Step 1: δ 4-Cyclopropyl-benzoic acid ethyl ester

Indium trichloride (2.2g, lOmmol) and THF (50mL) were combined under nitrogen and cooled to -70°C. Cyclopropylmagnesium bromide solution (33mL, 30mmol, 0.92 M) was added dropwise while maintaining the reaction

10 temperature <-60°C. After the addition was complete, the reaction was stirred 0.5h with cooling then 0.5h with the cooling bath removed. The resulting solution was added via cannula to a refluxing solution of ethyl-4-iodobenzoate (5.5g, 20mmol), trans'-dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(ri) (421mg, 0.60mmol) and THF (lOOmL) under nitrogen. After 24h, the contents of the reaction flask were cooled and lδ the solvent was removed in vacuo. Water (lOOmL) and 5% KHSO₄ were added and the mixture was extracted with CH,C1₂ (3xl00mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried with Na_;,SO₄ and filtered. The filtrate was removed in vacuo and the remaining residue was purified by flash column chromatography (hexane -.EtOAc 95:5) to give the 4-Cyelopropyl-benzoic acid ethyl ester as an

20 orange oil (2.7g).

Step 2:

(4-CyelopropyTphenyl)-methanol

2δ 4-Cyclopropyl-benzoic acid ethyl ester (2.46g, 13mmol), and THF

(250mL) were combined under nitrogen and cooled in an IP A/dry ice bath to -70°C. Lithium aluminum hydride solution (20mL, 20mmol, l.OM) was added dropwise. After 2h excess lithium aluminum hydride was quenched by adding EtOAc dropwise. The reaction was warmed to 25°C, then the solvent was removed in vacuo. Water

30 (200mL) and a few drops of HCl(aq, 6N) were added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xl00mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried with Na_jSO,, and filtered. The filtrate was removed in vacuo and the remaining residue was purified by flash column chromatography (hexane:EtOAc 40:60) to give the (4-Cyclopropyl-phenyl)-methanol as a colorless oil (2.0g). Step 3:

Carbonic acid 4-cyclopropyl-benzyl ester 2,δ-dioxo-pyrrolidin- 1-yl ester δ

The title compound was prepared from (4-Cyclopropyl- phenyD-methanol as described for similar compounds previously (Chem. Pharm. Bull., 38(1):110-115Q990)).

10 Step 4:

4-Aminomethyl-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid 4-cyclopropyl- benzyl ester

The title compound was prepared from carbonic acid 4- lδ cyclopropyl-benzyl ester 2,δ-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester as described in EXAMPLE A13, Step 1.

Step δ:

4- [(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 1- 20 carboxylic acid-4-cyclopropyl-benzyl ester

The solution of (4-cyclopropyl-benzyl)-4- (aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate (0.10g, 0.3δmmol), 2-chloro-δ- fluoro-pyrimidine (EXAMPLE A71, Step 1, 0.046g, 0.3δmmol) and

25 triethylamine (0.097mL, 0.69mmol) in DMF (ImL) was heated at 100°C for 6h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (CH₂C1₂ / IPA / hexanes) to give the 4-[(5-Fluoro- pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid-4-cyclopropyl- benzyl ester (0.073g).

30 M.S.(M+1):385.31

EXAMPLE A74:

4- [(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1- carboxylic acid-4-chloro-benzyl ester 3δ The solution of (4-chloro-benzyl)-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine- 1-carboxylate (0.10g, 0.3δnamol), 2-chloro-δ-fluoro-pyrimidine (0.047g, 0.3δmmol) and triethylamine (0.099mL, 0.71mmol) in DMF (ImL) was heated at 100°C for 6h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was δ purified by silica gel chromatography (CH2CI2 / IPA / hexanes) to give the 4-[(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-nιethyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid-4- chloro-benzyl ester (0.0δ7g).

M.S.(M+1):379.26

10 EXAMPLE A75:

4-[(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid-4-fluoro-benzyl ester

A solution of (4-fluoro-benzyl)-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l- lδ carboxylate (0.10g, 0.38mmol), 2-chloro-5-fluoro-pyrimidine (0.05g, 0.38mmol) and triethylamine (O.llmL, 0.75mmol) in DMF (ImL) was heated at 100°C for 6h, then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (CH₂Cl2 / IPA / hexanes) to give the 4- [(δ-Fluoro-pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-methyi] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid-4- 20 fluoro-benzyl ester (0.042g). M.S.(M+1):363.31

EXAMPLE A76:

4-Methylbenzyl 4- [(2-pyrimidinylamino)methyi] -1- 2δ piperidinecarboxylate

The stirred solution of 4-methylbenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)-l- piperidinecarboxylate (20.00g, 76.23mmol), 2-chloro-pyrimidine (8.73g, 76.23mmol) and triethylamine (21.25mL, lδ2.46mmol) in DMF (40mL) 30 was heated at 100°C for 6h. The reaction solution was cooled to rt, then diluted with ethyl acetate (800mL), washed with sat. aq. NaHCOβ (lOOmL), water (3 x lOOmL), brine (lOOmL), dried over Na₂S0₄, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography (CH₂C1₂ / IPA / hexanes) to give the 4-Methylbenzyl 4-[(2- pyrimidinylamino)methyl]-l-piperidinecarboxylate (20.12). M.S.(M+1): 341.30

EXAMPLE A77:

[l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]- pyrimidin-2-yl-amine Step 1:

4-Aminomethyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

10

To a mixture of 4-aminomethylpiperidine (lδg) in 2δ0mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran cooled to — 78°C was added, dropwise over 4δmin., a solution of di-tert-butyl di-carbonate (24g) in lOOmL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. After stirring for lh at -78°C, the mixture lδ was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred overnight. The mixture was concentrated to near dryness and diluted with 200mL of 10% aqueous citric acid. The mixture was extracted with 3 x lOOmL of ether, then made basic with sodium hydroxide pellets and extracted with 3 x 200mL of chloroform. The combined chloroform extracts were dried over

20 magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The resulting oil (2δg) was homogeneous by TLC (development with 90:10 chloroform saturated with ammonia: methanol). iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 4.1 (br s, 2 H), 2.7 (br m, 2H), 2.6 (d, 2H), 1.7 (m, 3H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.1 (m, 2H).

2δ

Step 2:

4-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino-methyl)-piρeridine-l-carboxylie acid tert-butyl ester

30 To a solution of 4-aminomethyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (21g) in lOOmL of ethyl acetate cooled to 0°C was added lOOmL of saturated sodium carbonate and benzyl chloroformate (17g). The solution was stirred for 3h, then separated. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Drying under vacuum gave 3δg of an oil:

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.3δ (m, 5H), 5.3 (d, IH), 5.1 (s, 2H), 4.1 (br s, 2 H), 3.0 (br m, 2H), 2.6 (br m, 2H), 1.7 (m, 3H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 5 1.1 (m, 2H).

Step 3:

Piperidin-4-ylmethyl-carbamic acid benzyl ester

10 A mixture of 4-(benzyloxycarbonylamino-methyl)-piperidine-

1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester (3δg) and 50mL of 4N HCI in dioxane was stirred at room temperature for 3h, then diluted with 200mL of ether and filtered. There was obtained 2δg of piperidin-4-ylmethyl-carbamic acid benzyl ester hydrochloride salt as a white fluffy solid. The free base lδ was obtained by partitioning the hydrochloride between δOmL chloroform and δOmL saturated aqueous Na2Cθ3. iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): δ 7.3δ (m, 5H), δ.lδ (s, 2H), 4.9 (br s, 1 H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 2.6 (m, 3H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 1.1 (m, 2H).

MS (m+l) = 249. 20

Step 4:

[l-(2-Phenyl-ethenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-carbamic acid benzyl ester

2δ A mixture of piperidin-4-ylmethyl-carbamic acid benzyl ester hydrochloride (2g), 2δmL of dichloromethane, trans-2-styrenesulfonyl chloride (l.δg), and 3mL of N,N-diisopropylethylamine was stirred at room temperature overnight, then diluted with 200mL af chloroform and washed with lOOmL of saturated sodium carbonate. The chloroform

30 extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. There was obtained 2.δg of [l-(2-phenyl-ethenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]- carbamic acid benzyl ester as a white solid. !H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): δ 7.5-7.2 (m, 10H), 6.65 (m, IH), 5.15 (s, 2H), 4.8 (br s, 1 H), 3.8 (d, 2H), 3.1 (dd, 2H), 2.6 (dd, 2H), 1.8 (d, 2H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 1.35 (m, 2H)

MS (m+l) = 415. δ

Step 5:

C- [l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine

A mixture of [l-(2-phenyl-ethenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4- 10 ylmethyll-carbamic acid benzyl ester (2.δg), 20% palladium hydroxide (lg) on carbon, 200mL of methanol and δOmL of tetrahydrofuran were shaken under δOpsi of hydrogen for 2 days at room temperature. The catalyst was filtered off and washed with 2δ0mL of methanol. Concentration under reduced pressure gave l.δg of C-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4- lδ yl] -methylamine as white solid.

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): δ 7.4-7.2 (m, 5H), 5.1 (s, 2H),

3.8 (d, 2H), 3.1 (m, 4H), 2.7 (dd, 2H), 1.8 (d, 2H), 1.6 (m, 5H), 1.3 (m, 2H) MS (m+l) = 283.

20 Step 6:

[l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyi]- pyrimidin-2-yl-amine

A mixture of O.δg of [l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4- 2δ ylmethyl]-pyrimidin-2-yl-amine, O.δθg of 2-bromopyrimidine, 25mL of 2- propanol and O.δmL of N,N-diisopropylethylamine was heated to reflux overnight. Purification of the residue obtained after concentration under reduced pressure by preparative chromatography, and eluting with ethyl acetate gave 0.6g of [l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]- 30 pyrimidin-2-yl-amine as a white solid. iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): δ 8.15 (d, 2H), 7.3-7.18 (m, 5H), 6.5 (dd, IH), 5.5 (dd, IH), 3.8 (d, 2H), 3.35 (d, 2H), 3.15 (dd, 4H), 2.7 ( , 2H), 1.9 (d, 2H), 1.8 (m, IH), 1.3 (m, 2H) MS (m+l) = 361. EXAMPLE A78:

{l-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl]-piperidin-4-ylmethyl}- pyrimidin-2-yl-amine δ Step 1: l-(2-Chloro-ethyl)-4-fluoro-benzene

A mixture of 7g 2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanol, 2δmL of chlorobenzene, 42mL of 37% HCI, and 0.9g of Aliquat® 336

10 (tricaprylylmethyl ammoniu chloride) was heated to reflux for 3 days, cooled and extracted into 3 x lOOmL of hexane. The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil, 2δg, was mainly l-(2-chloro-ethyl)-4-fluoro- benzene: lδ iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.3 (dd, 2H), 7.0 (dd, 2H), 3.7

(t, 2H), 3.0δ (t, 2H).

Step 2:

Thioacetic acid S-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl] ester 20

A mixture of 2.4g of l-(2-chloro-ethyl)-4-fluoro-benzene, 30mL of DMF and 2δmL of potassium thioacetate was stirred under nitrogen for 24h. The mixture was diluted with 200mL of water and extracted with 3 X δOmL of dichloromethane. The combined organic 2δ layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Drying under vacuum gave 2.δg of an oil:

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.18 (dd, 2H), 6.98 (dd, 2H), 3.08 (t, 2H), 2.81 (t, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H).

30 Step 3:

2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl chloride

A stream of chlorine gas was dispersed into a stirred, ice cold mixture of 2.δg of thioacetic acid S-[2-(4-fluoro-ρhenyl)-ethyl] ester, 30mL of dichloromethane and 30mL of water over lh. The mixture was diluted with 200mL of dichloromethane, shaken and separated. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Trituration with hexane gave 2.δg of a white solid: δ iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.2 (dd, 2H), 7.0 (dd, 2H), 3.1

(dd, 2H), 3.3 (dd, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H).

Step 4:

4-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic 10 acid benzyl ester

To an ice cold, stirred solution of 21g of 4-aminomethyl- piperidine-1-carboxyιic acid benzyl ester in 2δ0mL of dichloromethane was added 18g of di-tert-butyldicarbonate in lOOmL of dichloromethane lδ over 30 min. After stirring overnight, the mixture was concentrated to dryness. Trituration with hexane gave 28g of a white solid: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.4 (m, 5H), δ.lδ (s, 2H), 4.6 (br s, IH), 4.2 (br s, 2H), 3.0 (br s, 2H), 2.8 ((m, 2H), 1.7 (m, 3H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.15 (m, 2H). 20

Step δ:

Piperidin-4-ylmethyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

A mixture of 28g of 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)- 2δ piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester, lg of 10% palladium on carbon, lOOmL of THF and 200mL of methanol was stirred under anatmosphere of hydrogen for 2 days. The mixture was filtered concentrated under reduced pressure. Drying under reduced pressure gave 17g of a white solid:

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 4.8 (br s, IH), 3.0δ (d, 2H), 2.9 30 (dd, 2H), 2.6 (m, 3H), 1.6 (d, 2H), 1.5 (m, IH), 1.4 (s, 9H), 1.05 (m, 2H).

Step 6:

{l-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl]-piperidin-4-ylmethyl}- carbamic acid tert-butyl ester To an ice cold, stirred solution of 0.2g of piperidin-4- yl ethyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and 0.2mL of N,N- diisopropylethylamine in 20mL of dichloromethane was added 0.3g of 2-(4- fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl chloride. After stirring overnight the δ mixture was diluted with δOmL of chloroform, washed with δOmL of saturated sodium carbonate, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. Trituration with hexane gave 0.4g of a white solid: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.2 (m, 2H), 7.0 (dd, 2H), 4.6 0 (br m, IH), 3.8 (d, 2H), 3.1 (m, 3H), 3.0 (m, 2H), 2.7 (dd, 2H), 1.8 (d, 2H), 1.6 (br m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.3 (m, 2H).

Step 7:

C-{l-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl]-piperidin-4-yl}- 5 methylamine

A mixture of 0.4g of {l-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl]- piperidin-4-ylmethyl}-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and 5mL of 4N HCI in dioxane was stirred at room temperature for 3h, then diluted with δOmL 0 of chloroform, washed with δOmL of saturated sodium carbonate, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The product was a white solid: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.2 (m, 2H), 7.0 (dd, 2H), 3.92

(d, 2H), 3.1 (s, 4H), 2.7 (dd, 2H), 2.6 (d, 2H), 1.8 (d, 2H), 1.5 (br m, 3H), 1.3 5 (m, 2H)

MS (m+l) = 301.

Step 8:

{1- [2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl] -piperidin-4-ylmethyl}- 0 pyrimidin-2-yl-amine

A mixture of 0.3g of C-{l-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)- ethanesulfonyl]-piperidin-4-yl}-methylamine, 0.3g of 2-bromopyrimidine, 25mL of 2-propanol and 0.3mL of N,N-diisopropylethylamine was heated to reflux overnight. Purification of the residue obtained after concentration under reduced pressure by preparative chromatography, eluting with ethyl acetate gave 0.6g of a white solid.

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): δ 8.25 (d, 2H), 7.2 (m, 2H), 7.0

5 (dd, 2H), 6.58 (dd, IH), 5.2δ (br m, IH), 3.82 (d, 2H), 3.4 (dd, 2H), 3.1δ (s, 4H), 2.7δ (dd, 2H), 1.9 (d, 2H), 1.8 (m, IH), 1.3 (m, 2H) MS (m+l) = 379.

EXAMPLE A79:

10 3-(Pyrimidin-2-ylaminomethyl)-pyτrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1: l-Benzyl-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid amide

lδ To a mixture of 4.4g l-benzyTpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (M. J. Kornet, P. A. Thio, S. E. Tan, J. Organic Chemistry, 33:3637-3639(1968) and 3g formamide in lOmL of anhydrous DMF heated to 100°C, a solution of sodium methoxide, from 0.33g of sodium dissolved in methanol, was added dropwise over 20 minutes. After stirring for lh at

20 100°C, the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and added to lOOmL of isopropanol. The mixture was concentrated to dryness. The residue was triturated with 200mL of chloroform, filtered and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The resulting oil (4.δg) was fairly homogeneous by TLC (development with 90:10 chloroform

2δ saturated with ammonia: methanol):

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.1 (δH), 4.3 (br s, 2 H), 3.5 (d, 2H), 3.4 (m, IH), 2.6 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, IH), 2.25 (m, IH), 1.9 (m, IH).

Step 2: 30 3-Carbamoyl-pyrrohdine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of 4.5g l-benzyl-pyrrolidine-3-carboxyιic acid amide, 200mL THF, 20mL methanol and lg 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon was shaken under δOpsi of hydrogen for 12h. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure. Drying under vacuum gave 3g of an oil. To a stirred solution of the crude residue in δOOmL of chloroform was added δ.δg of N-

(benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide and 2.2mL of triethylamine. The δ mixture was allowed to stir overnight then washed with 50mL of saturated sodium carbonate, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated to dryness. Purification by chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 90:10 ethyl acetate: methanol, gave l.lg of 3-Carbamoyl- pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as a resin: 10 iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.3δ (m, δH), 5.6 (br m, 2H),

3.6 (m, 3H), 3.4 (m, IH), 2.9 (br m, IH), 2.1 (m, 2H).

Step 3:

3-Aminomethyl-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester lδ

A mixture of lg 3-carbamoyl-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and 24mL IM borane-THF was stirred at room temperature for 24h, then carefully quenched with δOmL of 3N HCI. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, then partitioned between δOmL 20 chloroform and 2δmL saturated aqueous sodium carbonate.

Concentration of the combined extracts after drying over magnesium sulfate gave 0.89g of 3-Aminomethyl-pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as a resin:

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): δ 7.3δ (m, δH), δ.lδ (s, 2H), 3.7-

2δ 4 (complex, 4H), 2.7 (m, IH), 2.4-2.0 (complex, 2H), 1.6 (m, 4H).

Step 4:

3-(Pyrimidin-2-ylaminomethyl)-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

30

A mixture of 3-aminomethyl-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (O.lδg), 2-bromopyrimidine (0.2δg), 2-propanol (lOmL), and of N,N-diisopropylethylamine (O.lmL) was heated to reflux overnight. Purification of the residue obtained after concentration under reduced pressure by preparative chromatography, and eluting with ethyl acetate, gave 0.2g of 3-(pyrimidin-2-ylaminomethyl)-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as a solid: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): δ 8.15 (d, 2H), 7.3 (m, 5H), 6.5 (dd, IH), δ.8 (m, IH), δ.l (s 2H), 3.s (m, 2H), 3.4 (m, 3H), 3.2 (m, IH), 2.55 (m, IH), 2.0 (m, IH), 1.7 (m, IH)

MS (m+l) = 313.

EXAMPLE A80 (R,S) 4-[l-(Pyridin-4-ylamino)-ethyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1:

4-Acetyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a solution of δg of 4-(N-methoxy-N-methyl-carbamoyl)- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (S. Nahm and S. W. Weinreb, Tetrahedron Letters, 22:381δ-3818(1981)) in δOmL of anhydrous THF cooled to 0°C, was added dropwise 6mL of 3M methylmagnesium bromide in ether over 10 minutes. After stirring for lh at 0°C, the resulting mixture was quenched with δOmL of IN HCI and extracted with 3 x δOmL of ether. The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. Drying under vacuum gave 4.2g of 4-Acetyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as a white solid: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.3δ (m, δH), δ.lδ (s, 2H), 4.2

(br s, 2 H), 2.9 (br t, 2H), 2.5 (m, IH), 2.2 (s, 3H), 1.9 (m, 2H), 1.6 ( , 2H).

Step 2:

(R,S) 4-(l-Hydroxyimino-ethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of 4.0g of 4-acetyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester, 2δmL of pyridine, and 6g of hydroxylamine hydrochloride were heated to 100°C for 12h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and partitioned between 200mL of ethyl acetate and 50mL of IN HCI. The organic extract was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. Drying under vacuum gave 5g of (R,S) 4-(l-Hydroxyimino-ethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxyιic δ acid benzyl ester as a solid: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 7.3δ (m, δH), 5.15 (s, 2H), 4.3 (br s, 2 H), 2.8 (br t, 2H), 2.3 (m, IH), 2.05 and 1.85 (2s, 3H), 1.8 (m, 2H), 1.5 (m, 2H).

10 Step 3:

(R,S) 4-(l-Hydroxyimino-ethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

A mixture of 3.2g of 4-(l-hydroxyimino-ethyl)-piperidine-l- lδ carboxylic acid benzyl ester, 0.4g of di-tert-butyldicarbonate, O.lδg of 10% palladium on carbon and 20mL of THF was stirred under anatmosphere of hydrogen for 2h. The mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Drying under vacuum gave 3.δg of a (R,S) 4-(l- Hydroxyimino-ethyD-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester resin: 20 !H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 4.15 (br s, 2 H), 2.7 (br t, 2H),

2.25 (m, IH), 1.8 (s, 3H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 1.42 (m, 2H), 1.4 (s, 9H).

Step 4:

(R,S) 4-(l-Amino-ethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert- 2δ butyl ester

A mixture of 3g of 4-(l-hydroxyimino-ethyl)-piperidine-l- carbox lic acid tert-butyl ester, δg of wet Raney-nickel and lOOmL of 5% ammonia in ethanol was shaken under 55psi of hydrogen for 12h. The 30 mixture was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting crude product was taken up in 2δ0mL of chloroform, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Drying under vacuum gave 3.δg of a (R,S) 4-(l-Amino-ethyl)-piperidine-l- carbox lic acid tert-butyl ester resin: !H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 4.0δ (br s, 2 H), 2.6 (br m, 3H), 2.2δ (m, IH), 1.6 (dd, 2H), 1.4 (s, 9H), 1.2 (m, 2H), 1.1 (m, 2H), 1.0 (d, 3H).

Step 5: 5 (R,S) 4-[l-(Pyridin-4-ylamino)-ethyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

A mixture of 3g of 4-(l-amino-ethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester, 2.δg of 4-bromopyridine hydrochloride, 3.6g of

10 sodium tert-butoxide, 0.14g of palladium acetate, 0.38g of racemic BINAP and δOmL of THF was heated to reflux for 12h. The mixture was cooled, diluted with δOmL of water and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was partitioned between δOOmL of chloroform and 200mL of water. The extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and lδ concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by chromatography, eluting with 90:10 chloroform saturated with ammonia: methanol gave 3.δg of a (R,S) 4- [l-(Pyridin-4-ylamino)-ethyT] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester resin: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): δ 8.1δ (d, 2H), 6.4 (d, 2H), 4.3 (d,

20 IH), 4.1δ (br s, 2 H), 3.2 (m, IH), 2.6δ (m, 2H), 2.δ ( , IH), 1.7 (dd, 2H), 1.6 (m, IH), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.25 (m, 2H), 1.15 (m, 2H), 1.1 (d, 3H).

Step 6:

(R,S) 4- [l-(Pyridin-4-ylamino)-ethyl] -piperidine-1-carboxylic 25 acid benzyl ester

A mixture of O.lg of 4-[l-(pyridin-4-ylamino)-ethyι]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester and lOmL of 4N HCI in dioxane was stirred at room temperature for 2h, then concentrated to 30 dryness. The residue was diluted with 50mL of chloroform and ImL of saturated sodium carbonate, cooled to 0°C and treated with 0.05mL of benzyl chloroformate. The resulting solution was allowed to stir for 3h then separated. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by preparative chromatography eluting with 90:10 chloroform saturated with ammonia: methanol gave O.lδg of a (R,S) 4-[l-(Pyridin-4-ylamino)-ethyl]-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester resin: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) δ 8.15 (d, 2H), 7.3 (m, 5H), 6.4 (d, 2H), 4.38 (d, IH), 4.15 (br s, 2 H), 3.4 (m, IH), 2.9 (m, IH), 2.75 (m, 2H), 1.65 (dd, 2H), 1.6 (m, IH), 1.32 (m, 4H), 1.1 (d, 3H) MS (m+l) = 340.

The following EXAMPLES A81-A103 were prepared from a primary amine described herein and a chloro-substituted heterocycle using conditions and procedures similar to those described in EXAMPLE A77, Step 6 unless otherwise stated:

EXAMPLE A81: N2- [l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl] - quinazoline-2 ,4-diamine

EXAMPLE A81 was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 2-chloro-quinazolin-4- ylamine (2-chloro-quinazolin-4-ylamine was prepared from 2,4- dichloroquinazoline and ammonia in THF at room temperature; N.B. Chapman, G. M. Gibson, F.G. Mann, J. Chem. Soc, 1947, 890-899):

MS (m+l) = 426.

EXAMPLE A82:

[l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4~ylmethyl]-(9H- purin-2-yl)-amine

EXAMPLE A82 was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 2-chloro-9H-purine (2- chloro-9H-purine was prepared according to S. R. Brashears, S. S. Wang, S. G. Bechtolt, B. E. Christensen, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 81:3789-3792(1959):

MS (m+l) = 401. EXAMPLE A83:

2-{ [l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amino}- pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acid amide

5 EXAMPLE A83 was prepared from C- [l-(2-phenyl- ethanesuιfonyl)-piperidin-4-yϊ] -methylamine and 2-chloro-pyrimidine-4- carboxylic acid amide (2-chloro-pyτimidine-4-carboxylic acid amide was prepared according to G. D. Davies, D. E. O'Brien, L. R. Lewis, C. C. Cheng, J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1:130-131(1964): 10 MS (m+l) = 404.

EXAMPLE A84:

(9-Methyl-9H-purin-6-yl)-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)- piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amine lδ

EXAMPLE A84 was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 6-chloro-9-methyl-9H- purine (6-chloro-9-methyl-9H-purine prepared according to G. B. Eilon, J. Org. Chem., 27:2478-2491(1962): 20 MS (m+l) = 41δ.

EXAMPLE A85:

(7-Methyl-7H-purin-6-yl)-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)- piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amine 2δ

EXAMPLE A85 was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 6-chloro-7-methyl-7H- purine (6-chloro-7-methyl-7H-purine was prepared according to G. B. Eilon, J. Org. Chem., 27:2478-2491(1962): 30 MS (m+l) = 415.

EXAMPLE A86:

4-(Pteridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester EXAMPLE A86 was prepared from 4-aminomethyl- piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and 4-methylthio-pteridine (4- methylthio-pteridine was prepared according to A. A. Brown, D. J. δ Brown,h. C. S. Wood, J. Chem. Soc, 1954, 3832-3839):

MS (m+l) = 379.

EXAMPLE A87:

4-[(7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-ylamino)-methyl]- 10 piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

EXAMPLE A87 was prepared from 4-aminomethyl- piperidine-1-carboxyιic acid benzyl ester and 4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine (4-chloro-7H-pyrrolo [2, 3-d] pyrimidine was prepared lδ according to U. Lupke, F. Seela, Chem. Ber., 112:3832-3839(1979):

MS (m+l) = 366.

EXAMPLE A88:

4- [(lH-Imidazo [4,δ-c]pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 20 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

EXAMPLE A88 was prepared from 4-aminomethyl- piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and 7-chloro-3H-imidazo[4,δ- bjpyridine (7-chloro-3H-imidazo[4,δ-b] yridine was prepared according to 2δ Y. Mizuno, T. Itoh, K. Saito, Chem. Pharm. Bull, 12:866-872(1964):

MS (m+l) = 366.

EXAMPLE A89:

(3-Chloro-pyrazin-2-yl)-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)- 30 piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amine

EXAMPLE A89 was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methylamine and 2,3-dichloropyrazine (refluxing 2-butanol): MS (m+l) = 396.

EXAMPLE A90:

[l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-pj ^,azin-2- δ yl-amine

EXAMPLE A90 was prepared from (3-chloro-pyrazin-2-yl)- [l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-amine by hydrogenation in ethanol-triethylamine over δ% palladium on carbon, 10 latm of hydrogen:

MS (m+l) = 361.

EXAMPLE A91:

(2-Chloro-5-methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-[l-(2-phenyT lδ ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyi] -amine

EXAMPLE A91 was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-methylamine and 2,4-dichloro-5-methyl- pyrimidine: 20 MS (m+l) = 410.

EXAMPLE A92:

(5-Methyl-pyrimidin-4-yl)-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)- piperidin-4-yhnethyl] -amine 2δ

EXAMPLE A92 was prepared from (2-chloro-δ-methyl- pyrimidin-4-yl)-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-amine by hydrogenation in ethanol-triethylamine over δ% palladium on carbon, latm of hydrogen: 30 MS (m+l) = 37δ.δ.

EXAMPLE A93:

[l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]- pyrimidin-4-yl-amine EXAMPLE A93 was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 2,4-dichloro-pyrimidine followed by hydrogenation in ethanol-triethylamine over δ% palladium on carbon, latm of hydrogen: δ MS (m+l) = 361.5.

EXAMPLE A94:

(4-Methyl-pyrimidm-2-yl)-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)- piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amine 0

EXAMPLE A94 was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 2-chloro-4-methyl- pyrimidine:

MS (m+l) = 37δ.δ. 5

EXAMPLE A95: δ-Fluoro-N2-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4- ylmethyl] -pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

0 EXAMPLE A95 was prepared from C- [l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 2-chloro-δ-fluoro- pyrimidin-4-ylamine :

MS (m+l) = 394.δ.

δ EXAMPLE A96:

N2- [l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl] - pyrimidine-2,4-diamine

0 EXAMPLE A96 was prepared from C- [l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 2-chloro-pyrimidin-4- ylamine (prepared from 2,4-chloro-pyrimidin-4-ylamine by hydrogenation in ethanol over δ% palladium on carbon, latm of hydrogen): MS (m+l) = 376.δ. EXAMPLE A97:

(3-Methyl-pyrazin-2-yl)-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)- piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amine δ

EXAMPLE A97 was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 3-bromo-pyrazine-2- carboxylic acid methyl ester followed by reduction with lithium tri-sec- butylborohydride at 0°C in THF: 10 MS (m+l) = 37δ.δ.

EXAMPLE A98:

{ 1- [2-(2-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesuιfonyl] -piperidin-4-ylmethyl}- pyrimidin-2-yl-amine lδ

EXAMPLE A98 was prepared from 2-(2-fluoro-phenyl)- ethanol as described in EXAMPLE A78, Steps 1-7 above:

MS (m+l) = 378.δ.

20 EXAMPLE A99:

{ 1- [2-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl] -piperidin-4- ylmethyl}-pyrimidin-2-yl-amine

EXAMPLE A99 was prepared from 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)- 2δ ethanol as described in EXAMPLE A78, Steps 1-7 above: MS (m+l) = 396.

EXAMPLE A100:

Pyrimidin-2-yl-[l-(2-p-tolyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4- 30 yimethyl] -amine

EXAMPLE A100 was prepared from 2-(4-methyl-phenyl)- ethanol as described in EXAMPLE 78, Steps 1-7 above: MS (m+l) = 375.5. EXAMPLE A101:

3-(Pteridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester 5

EXAMPLE A101 was prepared from 3-aminomethyl- pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE A79, Step 3) and 4- methylthio-pteridine (A. A. Brown, D. J. Brown,h. C. S. Wood, J. Chem. Soc, 1954, 3832-3839): 10 MS (m+l) = 36δ.4.

EXAMPLE A102:

3-[(9H-Purin-6-ylamino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester lδ

EXAMPLE A102 was prepared from 3-aminomethyl- pyrroiidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE A79, Step 3) and 6-chloro-9H-purine:

MS (m+l) = 3δ3.4. 20

EXAMPLE A103:

3-Nitro-N⁶-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4- ylmethyl] -pyridine-2,6-diamme

2δ EXAMPLE A103 was prepared from C- [l~(2-phenyl- ethanesulfbnyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 6-chloro-3-nitro-pyridin- 2-ylamine:

MS (m+l) = 420.δ.

30 EXAMPLE A104:

(lH-Imidazo [4,δ-b]pyridin-δ-yl)- [l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)- piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amine EXAMPLE A104 was prepared from 3-nitro-N⁶-[l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-pyridine-2,6-diamine (EXAMPLE A103) (lmmol scale) by hydrogenation in lδmL of THF/methanol over O.δ of Raney-nickel under latm of hydrogen for lh, followed by immediate δ conversion of the crude, air sensitive triaminopyridine into the imidazo [4, δb] pyridine by heating with δmL of 96% formic acid and 2mL of 37% hydrochloric acid at reflux overnight. The free base was liberated with sodium hydroxide and purified by preparative chromatography, eluting with 90:10 chloroform: methanol: 10 MS (m+l) = 400.δ.

EXAMPLE A105:

4- [(lH-Benzoimidazol-4-ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine-1- carboxylic acid benzyl ester lδ

EXAMPLE A105 was prepared from lH-benzoimidazol-4- ylamine (The lH-benzoimidazol-4-ylamine was prepared by heating l.δg of 3-nitro-benzene-l,2-diamine in δOmL of triethyl orthoformate with lOmg of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate at reflux overnight,

20 concentration to dryness under reduced pressure, hydrolysis with refluxing 3N HCI for lh and neutralization with NaOH. Then, cooling and collection yielded the 4-nitro-benzimidazole product by filtration. Catalytic reduction using Raney-nickel in ethanol under latm of hydrogen for lh gave lH-benzoimidazol-4-ylamine as an air sensitive solid) and 4-

2δ formyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (prepared from 4-(N- methoxy-N-methyl-carbamoyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester, using the procedures described by S. Nahm and S. W. Weinreb, Tetrahedron Letters, 22:3815-3818(1981)) on a lmmol scale by reductive amination in δmL of 1,2-dichloromethane using sodium

30 triacetoxyborohydride over O.δ of Raney-nickel under latm of hydrogen for lh, followed by immediate conversion of the crude, air sensitive triaminopyridine into the imidazo [4, 5b] pyridine by heating with 5mL of 96% formic acid and 2mL of 37% hydrochloric acid at reflux overnight. The free base was liberated with sodium hydroxide and purified by preparative chromatography, eluting with 90:10 chloroform: methanol: MS (m+l) = 36δ.δ.

δ EXAMPLE A106:

4- [(3-Hydroxy-pyridin-4-ylamino)-methyι] -piperidine- 1- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

EXAMPLE A106 was prepared from 4-(3-hydroxy-pyridin-4- 10 ylcarbamoyl)-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (which was prepared by EDC coupling of 4-amino-pyridin-3-ol and N- benzyloxycarbonyl piperidine-4-carboxylic acid) by borane-THF reduction overnight at room temperature. The reaction was quenched by slow addition of IN HCI until pH = 2, then basified to pH = 10 with 10 N lδ NaOH. Extraction with chloroform yielded a crude product which was purified by preparative chromatography, eluting with 90:10 chloroform saturated with ammonia: methanol to give 4-[(3-Hydroxy-pyridin-4- ylamino)-methyl] -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester: MS (m+l) = 342.4.

20

EXAMPLE A107:

Step 1:

(8-Benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-yl)methylamme

2δ

In a three-neck flask equipped with an addition funnel, a nitrogen inlet, and a rubber septum was placed a IM solution of lithium aluminum hydride in tetrahydrofuran (δ.δmL, δ.δmmol). To that solution, a solution of 8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-e.xo-carbonitrile 30 (EP 31219 Al 19810701) (1.13g, δ.Ommol) in dry tetrahydrofuran was added dropwise via syringe. The resulting mixture was stirred 3 hours at 60°C. The mixture was cooled in an ice-bath and 3N sodium hydroxide solution (2δmL) was added dropwise. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2xl00mL). The combined extract was washed with water (50mL) and brine (δOmL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude (8-Benzyl-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-e o-yl)methylamine product (0.97g) as an oil.

Η NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.38 (2H, d, J 7 Hz), 7.34-7.23 (3H, m), 3.54 (2H, s), 3.21 (2H, m), 2.δδ (2H, d, J 6.δ Hz), 2.01 (2H, m), 1.67 (IH, m), 1.60 (2H, d, J 8 Hz), l.δ6-1.34 (6H, m). Mass spec: 231.δ0 (M+l).

Step 2: (8-Benzyl-8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-exo-ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl- amine

To a mixture of (8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo- yl)methylamine (0.999g, 4.3mmol), 4-bromopyridine hydrochloride (0.719g, 3.7mmol), palladium acetate (0.033g, O.lδmmol), and (±)-BINAP (0.092g, O.lδmmol) in tetrahydrofuran (34mL) under nitrogen, was added sodium t-butoxide (0.86g, 8.9mmol). The mixture was stirred at 70°C under nitrogen for 18h. The mixture was diluted with ether (35mL), washed with brine (2x3δmL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give crude product

(1.42g) as a brown gum. The crude product was flash chromatographed on silica gel, eluting first with methanol: methylene chloride (10:90) to remove impurities, then with methanol: methylene chloride: ammonium hydroxide (10:90:1 increasing to 20:80:2) to give a yellow foam (1.08g). The foam was triturated with ether to give a crystalline solid. The solid was filtered off and dried in vacuo to give the (8-Benzyl-8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl-amine product (0.89g) as a yellow solid. NMR (CDCI3) δ 8.16 (2H, m), 7.39 (2H, d, J l.δ Hz), 7.32 (2H, m), 7.26 (IH, m), 6.41 (2H, m), 4.2δ (IH, br s), 3.55 (2H, s), 3.25 (2H, m), 3.02 (2H, t, J 6 Hz), 2.05 (2H, m), 1.97 (IH, m), 1.55 (6H, m). Mass spec: 308.36 (M+l).

Step 3: (8-Benzyl-8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-exo-ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl- carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

A mixture of (8-benzyl-8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-exo- δ ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl-amine (0.707g, 2.3mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (0.037g, 0.30mmol, 0.13 equiv.), and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate (0.79g, 3.6mmol) in acetonitrile was stirred under nitrogen at ambient temperature for 18h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in methylene chloride (60mL). The

10 mixture was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (30mL), water (30mL), and brine (30mL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a crude product (0.96g) as an orange gum. The crude product was flash chromatographed on silica gel eluting first with methanol: methylene chloride (10:90), then lδ with methanol: methylene chloride: ammonium hydroxide (10:90:1) to give the (8-Benzyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl-carbamic acid tert-bvLiyl ester product (0.930g) as a yellow oil. ⁱH NMR (CDCI3) δ 8.δ2 (2H, m), 7.40-7.23 (δH, m), 7.19 (2H, m), 3.60 (2H, d, J 7 Hz), 3.51 (2H, m), 3.18 (2H, br s), 1.99 (3H, m), 1.48 20 (9H, s), 1.42 (6H, m).

Step 4:

(8-Aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-exo-ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

25

A mixture of (8-benzyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo- ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl-carbamie acid ter£-butyl ester (0.917g, 2.2δmmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (0.60g) in methanol (2δmL) was hydrogenated (δ3psi hydrogen) for 18 h. The catalyst was removed by

30 filtration through Celite. The filter cake was washed with methanol (3x2δmL) and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude product (0.δ92g)as a gum. The crude product was flash chromatographed on silica gel eluting with methanol: methylene chloride: ammonium hydroxide (10:90:1 increasing to 20:80:2) to give product (0.424g)as a solid white foam. ⁱH NMR (CDC13) δ 8.53 (2H, m), 7.19 (2H, m), 3.80 (2H, s),

3.64 (2H, d, J 7 Hz), 2.6-2.0 (IH, br s), 2.10 (IH, m), 2.07 (2H, m), 1.63 5 (6H, m), 1.48 (9H, s).

Step δ:

S-exo- [(fer£-Butoxycarbonyl-pyridin-4-yl-amino)methyl] -8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxyιic acid benzyl ester

10

To a rapidly stirred mixture of (8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo- ylmethyl)pyridin-4-yl-carbamic acid tert butyl ester (9δmg, 0.30mmol), sodium bicarbonate (76mg, 0.90mmol), methylene chloride (0.8mL), and water (0.8mL) cooled in an ice-bath, was added benzyl chloroformate lδ (δ7μL, 68mg, 0.40mmol). The mixture was stirred 18h while warming from ice-bath to ambient temperature. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (δmL) and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with water (2mL), and brine (2mL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a

20 crude product (112mg) as a pale yellow oil. The crude product was chromatographed on a 2mm silica gel prep plate eluting with ethyl acetate : hexane (3:2) to give 3-βxo-[(ter_--Butoxycarbonyl-pyridin-4-yl- amino)methyl]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid benzyl ester product (δ8mg) as a colorless gum.

2δ ⁱH NMR (CDCI3) δ 8.δ3 (2H, d, J 6 Hz), 7.34 (δH, m), 7.17

(2H, d, J 6 Hz), 5.12 (2H, s), 4.29 (2H, br s), 3.56 (2H, d, J 7 Hz), 2.17 (IH, m), 1.92 (2H, m), 1.55-1.31 (15H, m).

Step 6: 30 3-exo-(Pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] octane-8- carboxylic acid benzyl ester hydrochloride

Into a solution of 3-exo-[(fer£-butoxycarbonyl-pyridin-4-yl- amino)methyl]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (δ4mg, 0.12mmol) in ethyl acetate (ImL), cooled in an ice-bath, was bubbled hydrogen chloride for 2 minutes. The solution was stirred one hour with ice-bath cooling, de-gassed with nitrogen, then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual gum was dissolved in methylene δ chloride (O.δmL) and the solution was diluted with ether (5mL) to deposit a gum. The supernatant was decanted, the gum was triturated with ether, and the resulting solid was filtered off and dried in vacuo to give 3- exo-(Pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] octane-8-carboxylic acid benzyl ester hydrochloride (43mg) as an off-white solid. 0 ⁱH NMR (DMSO-de) δ 13.34 (IH, br s), 8.68 (IH, m), 8.19 (IH, br s), 8.06 (IH, br s), 7.36 (5H, m), 6.90 ( 2H, d, J 7 Hz ), 5.08 (2H, s), 4.20 (2H, br s),3.11 (2H, t, J 6 Hz), 2.17 (IH, m), 1.88 (2H, m), 1.65 (4H, m), 1.31 (2H, m).

Mass spec: 352.41 (M+l). 5

EXAMPLE A108:

Step 1:

(8-Benzyl-8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-e o-ylmethyl)carbamic 0 acid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of (8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo- yDmethylamine (EXAMPLE A106, Step 1) (0.65g, 2.8mmol) in dichloromethane (30mL) was added άi-tert-buty\ dicarbonate (0.65mL, 5 0.69g, 3.0mmol). The solution was stirred 18h under nitrogen. The solution was diluted with dichloromethane (50mL), washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (2δmL), water (2δmL), and brine (2δmL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a crude product (0.993g) as a pale yellow solid. A 0 solution of the crude product in ethyl acetate (δmL) was filtered through a pad of silica gel, eluting with ethyl acetate: hexane (2:1). The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to give (8-benzyl-8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-ylmethyl)carbamic acid terέ-butyl ester product (0.898g) as a white solid. Η NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.37 (2H, d, J 7 Hz), 7.30 (2H, t, J 7 Hz), 7.24 (IH, m), 4.δδ (IH, br s), 3.δ3 (2H, s), 3.19 (2H, s), 2.99 (2H, m), 2.00 (2H, m), 1.80 (IH, m), l.δδ (4H, m), 1.44 (11H, m).

δ Step 2:

(8-Aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-ylmethyl)carbamic acid tert- butyl ester

A mixture of tert-butyl (8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-exo- 10 yl)methylcarbamate (0.892g, 2.7mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (O.δδg) in methanol (δOmL) was hydrogenated under a hydrogen balloon for 18h. The catalyst was removed by filtration through Celite. The filter cake was washed with methanol (3x2δmL) and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude (8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] oct- lδ 3-exo-ylmethyl)carbamic acid tert-butyl ester product (0.607g)as a white solid. ⁱH NMR (CDCI3) δ 4.δ7 (IH, br s), 3.δ3 (2H, s), 2.96 (2H, ),

1.96-1.77 (4H, m), 1.72-1.50 (4H, m), 1.44 (9H, ), 1.24 (2H, m).

Mass spec: 241.32 (M+l). 20

Step 3:

3-exo-(terέ-Butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)-8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

2δ To a mixture of tert-butyl 8-azabicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-exo- ylmethylcarbamate (0.84g, 3.δmmol) in acetonitrile (3δmL) was added 1- {[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]oxy}pyrrolidine-2,δ-dione (0.87g, 3.δmmol). The mixture was stirred 18h under nitrogen. The resulting solution was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was partitioned

30 between ethyl acetate (lδOmL) and water (7δmL) and the layers were separated. The organic layer was washed with water (2x7δmL) and brine (δOmL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a crude product (1.31g) as a white solid. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with ethyl acetate: hexane (30:70 increasing to 50:50) to give the S-exo-(tert- butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)-8-aza-bicyclo [3.2. l]octane-8-carboxylic acid benzyl ester product (0.95g) as a white solid. NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.36 (δH, m), 5.13 (2H, s), 4.56 (IH, br s),

5 4.32 (2H, br s), 2.94 (2H, m), 2.00 (3H, m), 1.62 (4H, m), 1.48-1.2δ (11H, m).

Mass spec: 37δ.39 (M+l).

Step 4: 10 3-exo-Aminomethyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

Benzyl 3-exo-{ [(terέ-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl}-8- azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylate (0.94g, 2.δmmol) was placed in a lδ round-bottom flask under nitrogen and cooled in an ice-bath.

Trifluoroacetic acid (6mL) was added dropwise and the mixture was stirred one hour with ice-bath cooling. The mixture was poured into ice- cold δN sodium hydroxide solution (16mL) and the aqueous mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (4xδ0mL). The extract was washed

20 with brine (δOmL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give product (0.δ9g, 86%) as a colorless oil. ⁱH NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.36 (δH, m), δ.14 (2H, s), 4.33 (2H, br s),

2.δ2 (2H, d, J 6 Hz), 1.96 (2H, m), 1.88 (IH, m), 1.67 (2H, d, J 7 Hz), 1.61 2δ (2H, m), 1.42-1.25 (4H, m).

Mass spec: 27δ.34 (M+l).

Step δ:

3-exo- [(9H-Purin-6-ylamino)-methyl] -8-aza- 30 bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A solution of 3-exo-aminomethyl-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8- carboxylic acid benzyl ester (27mg, O.lOmmol), 6-chloropurine (31mg, 0.20mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (3δμL, 0.20mmol) in isopropanol (2mL) was heated at reflux for 18h. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in ethyl acetate (3mL). The resulting mixture was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (ImL), water (2xlmL), and brine (ImL), dried δ (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a crude product (39mg) as a yellow solid. The solid was triturated in hot ethyl acetate (ImL), the mixture cooled to ambient temperature, and the solid precipitate filtered off and dried in vacuo to give the 3-exo- [(9H-purin-6-ylamino)-methyi] -8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] octane-8- 10 carboxylic acid benzyl ester product (28mg) as a white solid. NMR (DMSO-de) δ 12.86 (IH, br s), 8.16 (IH, s), 8.07 (IH, s), 7.61 (IH, br s), 7.3δ (δH, m), δ.08 (2H, d, 2 Hz), 4.17 (2H, br s),3.32 (2H, m), 2.26 (IH, m), 1.86 (2H, br s), 1.61 (4H, m), 1.34 (2H, m).

Mass spec: 393.36 (M+l). lδ

EXAMPLE A109:

3-exo- [(3-Chloropyrazin-2-ylamino)methyl] -8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

20 Employing the procedure substantially as described for 3-exo-

[(9H-purin-6-ylamino)-methyl]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE A108), but substituting 2,3-dichloropyrazine for 6-chloropurine, the crude product (δlmg) was obtained as an oil. The crude product was filtered through a pad of silica gel eluting with ethyl

2δ acetate: hexane (2:1), and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residual oil was dissolved in ether, the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure, and the residue dried in vacuo to give 3-exo- [(3- chloropyrazin-2-ylamino)methyl]-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]octane-8-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (24mg) as a yellow gum.

30 ⁱH NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.93 (IH, d, J 3 Hz ), 7.δ6 (IH, d, J 3 Hz ),

7.36 (δH, m), δ.20 (IH, m), 5.1δ (2H, s), 4.34 (2H, br s), 3.32 (2H, m), 2.21 (IH, m), 1.97 (2H, m), 1.66 (4H, m), 1.60-1.40 (2H, m). Mass spec: 387.27 (M+l). EXAMPLE A110:

[8-(2-Phenylethanesulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo- ylmethyl] pyrimidin-2-yl-amine

δ Step 1:

[8-(2-t;rα s-Phenylethenesulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3- exo-ylmethyl]carbamic acid ter£-butyl ester

To a solution of tert-butyl 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-

10 ylmethylcarbamate (EXAMPLE A106, Step 1) (0.60g, 2.δmmol) and diisopropylethylamine (0.δ2mL, 0.39g, 3.0mmol) in methylene chloride (lδmL), under nitrogen cooled in an ice-bath, was added dropwise over 10 minutes a solution of irαns-2-phenylethenesulfonyl chloride (0.δ7g, 2.8mmol) in methylene chloride (lOmL). The resulting mixture was lδ stirred 18h under nitrogen while warming from ice-bath to ambient temperature. The solution was diluted with dichloromethane (12δmL), washed with IN sodium hydroxide solution (δOmL), water (δOmL), and brine (δOmL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a crude product (0.95g) as

20 yellow gum. The crude product was purified by flash column chromatography on silica gel, eluting with ethyl acetate: hexane (33:67 increasing to δ0:δ0) to give the [8-(2-£m?zs-phenylethenesuιfonyl)-8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-ylmethyl]carbamic acid ter£-butyl ester product (0.63g) as a colorless gum.

2δ NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.δ0-7.40 (6H, m), 6.6δ (IH, d, J lδ Hz),

4.δ8 (IH, br s), 4.24 (2H, br s), 3.00 (2H, m), 1.96 (3H, m), 1.69 (3H, m), 1.54 (3H, m), 1.44 (9H, m).

Step 2: 30 [8-(2-Phenylethanesulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-exo- ylmethyl]carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

A mixture of [8-(2-£rα. s-phenylethenesulfonyl)-8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-ylmethyl]carbamic acid teri-butyl ester (0.61g, l.δmmol) and 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (0.30g) in ethanol (δOmL) was hydrogenated (δ2psi hydrogen) for 18h. The catalyst was removed by filtration through Celite. The filter cake was washed with ethanol (3x2δmL) and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give crude [8-(2-phenylethanesulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct- 3-exo-ylmethyl]carbamic acid terέ-butyl ester product (0.64g)as a gum. NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.3δ-7.20 (δH, m), 4.δ6 (IH, br s), 4.24

(2H, br s), 3.24 (2H, m), 3.11 (2H, m), 2.98 (2H, t, J 6 Hz), 2.02 (2H, m), 1.92 (IH, m), 1.74-1.51 (4H, m), 1.44 (9H, s), 1.37 (2H, m). 0

Step 3:

C- [8-(2-Phenylethanesulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo [3.2.1] oct-3-exo- yl] methylamine

5 A solution of crude [8-(2-phenylethanesulfonyl)-8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-ylmethyl]carbamic acid teri-butyl ester (0.64g, l.δmmol) in dioxane (2mL) and 3N hydrochloric acid (2mL) was heated at reflux for 3h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The aqueous residue was cooled in an ice-bath and made basic with 3N sodium 0 hydroxide solution. The aqueous mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (4x20mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (20mL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a crude product (0.404g) as a pale yellow oil. A solution of the crude product in methylene chloride was filtered through a δ pad of silica gel eluting with methanol: methylene chloride: ammonium hydroxide (20:80:2) to give the C-[8-(2-phenylethanesulfonyi)-8-aza- bicyclo [3.2. l]oct-3-exo-yl] methylamine product (0.324g)as a yellow oil. ⁱH NMR (CDCI3) δ 7. 32 (2H, m), 7.26 (IH, m), 7.21 (2H, d, J

7 Hz), 4.24 (2H, m), 3.24 (2H, m), 3.11 (2H, m), 2.δ6 (2H, d, J 6 Hz), 2.03 0 (2H, m), 1.82-1.65 (5H, m), 1.37 (4H, m). Mass spec: 309.33 (M+l).

Step 4: [8-(2-Phenylethanesulfonyl)-8-aza-bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo- ylmethyi] pyrimidin-2-yl-amine

A solution of C-[8-(2-Phenylethanesulfonyl)-8-aza- δ bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-yl]methylamine (31mg, O.lOmmol), 2- bromopyrimidine (32mg, 0.20mmol), and diisopropylethylamine (3δμL, 0.20mmol) in isopropanol (2mL) was heated at reflux for 18h. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up in ethyl acetate (3mL). The resulting mixture was washed with 0 saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (ImL), water (2xlmL), and brine (ImL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to give a crude product (39mg) as a yellow solid. The crude product was chromatographed on a 1mm silica gel prep plate eluting with ethyl acetate : hexane (2:1) to give a colorless gum (27mg). 5 The gum was crystallized from ethyl acetate, the precipitate filtered off, and dried in vacuo to give the [8-(2-phenylethanesulfonyl)-8-aza- bicyclo[3.2.1]oct-3-exo-ylmethyl]pyrimidin-2-yl-amine product (23mg) as a white solid. m NMR (CDCI3) δ 8.26 (2H, d, J δ Hz), 7.32 (2H, m), 7.26 0 (IH, m), 7.21 (2H, d, J 7 Hz), 6.δ3 (IH, t, J δ Hz),δ.ll (IH, m), 4.25 (2H, m), 3.31 (2H, t, t, J 6.5 Hz), 3.24 (2H, m), 3.12 (2H, m), 2.03 (3H, m), 1.74 (4H, m), 1.46 (2H, m).

Mass spec: 387.31 (M+l).

δ EXAMPLE Alll: l-[4-(Pyrimidin-2-ylaminomethyl)-piperidin-l-yl]-4-thiophen- 2-yTbutan-l-one

Piperidin-4-ylmethyl-pyrimidin-2-yl-amine (EXAMPLE A16) 0 was hydrogenated as described in EXAMPLE A30, Step 1. The resulting piperidine was combined with EDC (1.3equiv.), HOBT (l.Oequiv.), and 4- thiophen-2-yl-butyric acid (l.Oequiv.) in DMF and stirred for 2h. The resulting reaction solution was partitioned into ethylacetate and aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic layer was seperated and washed with pH 4.δ citric acid buffer (10% citric acid and sodium hydroxide), dried (sodium sulfate), and concentrated to yield the desired l-[4-(pyrimidin-2- ylaminomethyD-piperidin- 1-yl] -4-thiophen-2-yl-butan- 1-one .

M.S. (M+l): 34δ.2δ δ

EXAMPLE A112:

3-Phenyl-l-[4-(pyrimidin-2-ylaminomethyl)-piperidin-l-yl]- propan-1-one

10 The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE

Alll, except substituting 4-thiophen-2-yl-butyric acid with 3-phenyl- propionic acid.

M.S. (M+l): 32δ.28

lδ

EXAMPLE A113:

(2-Phenyl-cyclopropyl)-[4-(pyrimidin-2-ylaminomethyl)- piperidin- 1-yl] -methanone

20 The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE

Alll, except substituting 4-thiophen-2-yl-butyrie acid with 2-phenyl- cyclopropanecarboxylic acid.

M.S. (M+l): 337.27

2δ

EXAMPLE A114:

2-Phenoxy-l-[4-(pyrimidm-2-ylaminomethyl)-piperidin-l-yl]- ethanone

30

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE Alll, except substituting 4-thiophen-2-yl-butyric acid with phenoxy-acetic acid.

M.S. (M+l): 341.27 EXAMPLE A115:

4-(Pyridin-4-ylaminomethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid thiophen-3-ylmethyl ester

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE A30, except substituting 3-fluorobenzyl alcohol with thiophen-3-yl- methanol.

M.S. (M+l): 332.31

EXAMPLE A116: N-benzyl-N'-cyano-N"- [4-(pyridin-4- ylaminomethyDpiperidinyl] guanidine

To a solution of diphenyl cyanocarbonimidate (0.44mmol) in THF (3mL) at -78°C was added benzyl amine (0.44mmol, in 2mL THF) dropwise. The cooling bath was removed, and after reaching 20°C, piperidin-4-ylmethyl-pyridin-4-yl-amine (0.44mmol, in 2 mL DMF, EXAMPLE A30) was added. The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 90°C for 14h, cooled, the volatiles were removed under vacuum, and the resulting residue purified by silica gel chromatography. M.S. (M+l): 349.38

Intermediates:

INTERMEDIATE la: Carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4-methyl-benzyl ester

Disuccinimidyl carbonate (5.03g, 19.6δmmol) in 30mL MeCN and 30mL DCM was treated with 4-methylbenzyl alcohol (2.4g, 19.6mmol) followed by DMAP (1.20g, 9.82mmol). The resulting cloudy reaction mixture was stirred overnight at rt, poured into lOOmL water, and partitioned. The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated. The solid thus obtained was stirred with δ approx. 2δmL ether, filtered, and the resulting product was washed with a small volume of ether and dried.

Ref: Chem. Pharm. Bull, 38(1): 110-115(1990).

The following compounds were similarly prepared in the 10 manner described above for INTERMEDIATE la:

INTERMEDIATE lb:

Carbonic acid 2,δ-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4-chloro-benzyl ester lδ INTERMEDIATE lc:

Carbonic acid 2,δ-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4-fluoro-benzyl ester INTERMEDIATE Id:

Carbonic acid 2,δ-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4-ethyl-benzyl 20 ester

INTERMEDIATE le:

Carbonic acid 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester 4- isopropyl-benzyl ester

2δ Utilizing the carbonic acid derivatives described above as

INTERMEDIATES la-le, and following the procedure described below in EXAMPLE 15, step 1, the following INTERMEDIATES 2a-2e were obtained:

30 INTERMEDIATE 2a:

4-Methylbenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate INTERMEDIATE 2b:

4-Chlorobenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate INTERMEDIATE 2c:

4-Fluorobenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate INTERMEDIATE 2d:

4-Ethylbenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate INTERMEDIATE 2e:

4-Isopropylbenzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine- 1 -carboxylate

The carboxylic acids used in the coupling steps were either commercially available or prepared according to the following references:

EXAMPLE 1:

4-[(4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxyIic δ acid benzyl ester

Step 1:

Preparation of Benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine-l-carboxylate

4-Aminomethylpiperidine (40g, 350mmol) and benzaldehyde (37.3mL, 10 368mmol) in toluene (600mL) were heated to reflux under dean stark conditions for 2h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and 500mL dichloromethane was added. The resulting solution was cooled to 5°C and treated with N-(benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (91.7g, 368mmol). After lOmin, the cooling bath was removed and the reaction mixture stirred for lh. The solvents were lδ evaporated and the resulting residue was stirred with 400mL THF and 400mL 2M

HCI for lh. The mixture was concentrated to remove organics and was then extracted with ether (3x300mL). The aqueous phase was adjusted to pH14 with 50% NaOH and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent evaporated to give benzyl 4- 20 (aminomethyl)piperidine-l -carboxylate as an oil.

Η NMR 500MHz (δ, CDCI3) δ: 7.4-7.2 (m, 5H); 5.12 (s, 2H); 4.20

(brs, 2H); 2.77 (brs, 2H); 2.58 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H) 1.9-1.7 (m, 2H); 1.0-1.5 (m, 5H).

Step 2: 2δ Preparation of 4-[(4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]-piperidine- l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester To a mixture of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2.5g, 0.0182mol), 1- hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (3.33g, 0.0218mol), benzyl 4-(aminomethyl)piperidine- 1-carboxylate (4.5g, 0.0182mol) and triethylamine (3.03mL, 0.0218mol) in DMF (30mL) was added l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride δ (4.2g, 0.0218mol) and the mixture allowed to stir at rt for 18h. The mixture was quenched into water (200mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (200mL). The ethyl acetate extract was washed with 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (lOOmL), brine (50mL), dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue chromatographed on silica using 10-20%

10 acetone/dichloromethane to give 6.3g of 4-[(4-hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as a foam. The foam was dissolved in hot isopropyl acetate (125mL), filtered, and allowed to cool and crystallize. The reaction volume was reduced in vacuo to 50mL, allowed to stir overnight at rt and filtered. The resulting solid was dried in vacuo (50°C) yielding the 4-[(4-hydroxy- lδ benzoylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester.

M.P. 122-123°C. M.S(M+1): 369.

Η NMR 300MHz (δ, CDCI3) δ: 7.64 (d, 2H); 7.4-7.2 (m, 5H); 6.86 (d,

2H); 6.18(m, IH); 5.85(s, IH); 5.15 (s, 2H); 4.20 (brs, 2H); 3.35 (brs, 2H); 2.77 (brs, 2H); 1.9-1.7 (m, 3H); 1.3-1.1 (m, 2H). 20 Analysis Calcd. for C21H24N2O4: C, 68.46; H, 6.57; N, 7.60;

Found: C, 68.23; H, 6.61; N, 7.48.

The following compounds were prepared in a manner similar to that used above for the preparation of 4-[(4-hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-

2δ carboxylic acid benzyl ester, using the appropriate acid in place of the 4- hydroxybenzoic acid. References or experimental procedures are shown for the preparation of non-commercially available acids. Appropriately substituted benzyl 4-(arninomexhyl)piperidine-l-carboxylates were prepared in a similar manner to that described above in EXAMPLE 1, step 1, with the necessary

30 N-(benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimides prepared as previously described (Chem. Pharm Bull 1990, 38(1) 110-115).

EXAMPLE 137: lH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid [l-(3-phenyl-propionyl)- piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amide

Step 1: lH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (piperidin-4-ylmethyl)- amide 4-{[(lH-Pyrazole-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE 34) (600mg, 1.75mmol), 10% palladium on Carbon (150mg) and ethanol (15mL) were combined in a Parr^® jar and hydrogenated at 50psi for 24h. The reaction mixture was filtered through Celite^® and 5 the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo to give the product as a white foam.

Step 2 lH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid [l-(3-phenyl-propionyl)- piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amide

10 lH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-amide (352mg, 1.69mmol), hydrocinnamoyl chloride (503 μL, 3.38mmol), diisopropylethylamine (294 μL, 1.69mmol) and DMF (4mL) were combined under Nitrogen and stirred at 25 °C for 24h. Sodium hydroxide (ImL, 2N) was added and lδ the mixture was stirred lh. Water was added and the contents of the reaction flask were extracted with EtOAc (3x50mL). The combined organic extracts were dried with Na2SO and filtered. The filtrate was removed in vacuo and the remaining residue was purified using an ISCO ^R normal phase silica chromatography system (CILC1₂ (100%) to CΪLCl^MeOHMLOH 90:10:1). Fractions containing the desired

20 product were combined and the solvent was removed in vacuo to give a colorless oil. Addition of EtOAc followed by IN HCl/Et,O gave the product as a white solid. H NMR (δOOMHz, δ, DMSO-d₆): 8.10 (m, IH), 8.04 (s, 2H), 7.28-7.20 (m, 4H), 7.18-7.14 (m, IH), 4.38 (m, IH), 3.86 (m, IH), 3.06 (m, 2H), 2.90 (m, IH), 2.80 (t, 2H), 2,60 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.60 (m, 4H), 0.95 (m,

25 2H).

The following compounds were prepared by substituting the 30 appropriate acid chloride for the hydrocinnamoyl chloride in the above procedure.

The following examples were prepared from lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-amide as described in Example 1 Step 2.

The following two compounds were prepared from EXAMPLES 140 and 141 respectively by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane.

EXAMPLE 148

Trans lH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2-phenyl- cyclopropylmethyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-amide

A solution of lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (piperidin-4-ylmethyl)- amide (290mg, 1.39mmol), trans-2-phenylcyclopropanecarbaldehyde (224mg, 1.53mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (590mg, 2.78mmol) in MeOH (15mL) was heated to 50°C and stirred for lh. The resulting reaction mixture was concentrated and purified by silica gel chromatography (gradient: CH,C1₂ to 80:20:2 CH₂Cl₂:MeOH:NH4OH) to give the trans lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2- phenyl-cyclopropylmethyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amide product. H NMR (δ, CDCls): 7.86 (s, 2H), 7.23 (d, 2H), 7.17 (t, IH), 7.02 (d, 2H), 5.94 (brt, IH), 3.35 (m, 2H), 3.10 (brt, 2H), 2.55 (dd, IH), 2.39 (dd, IH), 2.03 (q, 2H), 1.70-1.55 ( , 4H), 1.41 (m, 2H), 1.22 (m, IH), 0.95 (m, IH), 0.82 (m, IH). The following compounds were prepared similarly to the procedure described above for EXAMPLE 148 but substituting the appropriate aldehyde for the trans-2-phenylcyclopropanecarbaldehyde.

The following compounds were prepared as described above for EXAMPLE 148, but replacing lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (piperidin-4-ylmethyl)- amide with, for example, 4-hydroxy-N-piperidin-4-ylmethyl-benzamide, which was prepared from 4-[(4-hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as described in EXAMPLE 137, step 1.

EXAMPLE 156:

4-{[(Pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid 4-cyclopropyl-benzyl ester

Step 1:

4-Cyclopropyl-benzoic acid ethyl ester

Indium trichloride (2.2g, lOmmol) and THF (50mL) were combined under nitrogen and cooled to -70°C. Cyclopropylmagnesium bromide solution (33mL, 30mmol, 0.92M) was added dropwise while maintaining the reaction temperature <-60°C. After the addition was complete the reaction was stirred 0.5h with cooling then 0.5h with the cooling bath removed. The resulting solution was added via cannula to a refluxing solution of ethyl-4-iodobenzoate (5.5g, 20mmol), trøn*s-dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) (421mg, 0.60mmol) and THF δ (lOOmL) under nitrogen. After 24h, the contents of the reaction flask were cooled and the solvent was removed in vacuo. Water (lOOmL) and 5% KHSO4 were added and the mixture was extracted with CH2CI2 (3xl00mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried with Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was removed in vacuo and the remaining residue was purified by flash column chromatography 10 (hexane:EtOAc 95:5) to give the 4-cyclopropyl-benzoic acid ethyl ester as an orange oil.

Step 2

(4-Cyclopropyl-phenyl)-methanol lδ

4-Cyclopropyl-benzoic acid ethyl ester (2.46g, 13mmol), and THF (250mL) were combined under nitrogen and cooled in an IP A/dry ice bath to -70°C. Lithium aluminum hydride solution (20mL, 20mmol, l.OM) was added dropwise. After 2h excess lithium aluminum hydride was quenched by adding EtOAc dropwise.

20 The reaction was warmed to 25°C then the solvent was removed in vacuo. Water (200mL) and a few drops of HCl(aq, 6N) were added. The mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3xl00mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine, dried with Na2SO4 and filtered. The filtrate was removed in vacuo and the remaining residue was purified by flash column chromatography (hexane:EtOAc 40:60) to give 26 the (4-cyclopropyl-phenyl)-methanol as a colorless oil.

Step 3

Carbonic acid 4-cyclopropyl-benzyl ester 2,5-dioxo- pyrrolidin-l-yl ester

30

The title compound was prepared from (4-Cyclopropyl- phenyD-methanol as described above for similar compounds (Chem..Pharm. Bull, 38(1):110-115(1990)). Step 4

4-Aminomethyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid 4- cyclopropyl-benzyl ester

The title compound was prepared from carbonic acid 4- cyclopropyl-benzyl ester 2,5-dioxo-pyrrolidin-l-yl ester as described in EXAMPLE 1, Step 1.

Step 5 4-{[(Pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid 4-cyclopropyl-benzyl ester

The title compound was prepared from 4-aminomethyl-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid 4-cyclopropyl-benzyl ester as described above in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2.

M.S. (M 1) 394

The following compounds were prepared from 4-aminomethyl- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid 4-cyclopropyl-benzyl ester as described above in EXAMPLE 1, step 2.

The following compounds were prepared from 4-hydroxy-N-piperidin- 4-ylmethyl-benzamide (prepared from 4-[(4-hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]- piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as described in EXAMPLE 137, step 1) as described in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2.

EXAMPLE 162: lH-Pyrazoler4-carboxylic acid (1-benzylthiocarbamoyl- piperidin-4-ylmethyl) -amide

lH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-amide (EXAMPLE 137, Step 1) (50mg, 0.24mmol), benzyl isothiocyanate (35μL, 0.264mmol) and DMF (ImL) were combined and stirred under Nitrogen for lh. The contents of the reaction flask were poured into water and sodium hydroxide (2mL, 2N) was added. The resulting mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3x50mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried with Na2SO4. The filtrate was removed in

5 vacuo and the remaining residue was purified by Gilson^® reverse phase preparative HPLC. The fraction containing the desired product was evaporated in vacuo to give a colorless oil. Trituration with EtOAc/EtOH afforded the EXAMPLE 162 as a white solid. NMR (δOOMHz, δ, DMSO-rfβ): 13.10 (s, IH), 8.20 (m, 2H), 10 8.10 (m, IH), 7.90 (m, IH), 7.32-7.18 (m, δH), 4.80 (d, 2H), 4.66 (d, 2H), 3.10 (t, 2H), 2.97 (t, 2H), 1.80 (m, IH), 1.67 (m, 2H), 1.10 (m, 2H).

EXAMPLE 163:

4-{[(lH-Pyrazole-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}- lδ piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzylamide

The title compound was prepared as described in EXAMPLE 162 except that benzyl isocyanate was used instead of benzyl isothiocyanate. 20 H NMR (δOOMHz, δ, DMSO-de): 13.10 (s, IH), 8.16 (s, IH),

8.04 (m, IH), 7.88 (s, IH), 7.30-7.16 (m, 4H), 7.02 (m, IH), 4.21 (d, 2H), 3.99 (d, 2H), 3.10 (t, 2H), 2.6δ (m, 2H), 1.72-1.58 (m, 3H), 1.05-0.96 (m, 2H).

25 EXAMPLE 164: lH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2-hydroxy-3-phenyl- propyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-amide

To a solution of 2-benzyloxirane (0.0 ImL, 0.07mmol) in iso-propyl 30 alcohol (5mL) was added lH-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid (piperidin-4- ylmethyl)-amide (EXAMPLE 137, Step 1) (15mg, 0.07mmol). The resulting reaction mixture was heated to 60°C for 24h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, partitioned between EtOAc and aqueous sodium bicarbonate. The organic phase was dried, the solvent evaporated, and the crude product purified by reverse phase HPLC to give lH-Pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid [l-(2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-propyl)- piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amide. M.S. (M^*+l) 343

δ EXAMPLE 165:

4-{[(2-Oxo-l,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]- methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To 4-{ [(l-oxy-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino] -methyl} -piperidine- 10 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE 115) (200mg, 0.542mmol) was added acetic anhydride (δmL) and the mixture heated to reflux for 24h. The reaction was concentrated and chromatographed on silica using ethyl acetate to give an oil (40mg). The crude material was dissolved in methanol (lOmL) and treated with solid potassium carbonate (40mg) for lδ O.δh. Concentration of the reaction and extraction into dichloromethane (20mL) from aqueous sodium bicarbonate (20mL) followed by concentration and precipitation of the solid from ether gave the 4-{[(2-Oxo- l,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester. 20 M.S.(M+1): 370

EXAMPLE 166:

4-{[(2-Methylaminomethyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)- amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxyIic acid benzyl ester

25

Step 1:

Preparation of 2,4-pyridinedicarboxcyclic acid diethyl ester

To a mixture of 2,4-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (23g, 0.138mol) in ethanol (500mL) was bubbled anhydrous hydrogen chloride gas over a period of 6h. 30 The resulting reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and extracted into dichloromethane (500mL) from 10 % aqueous sodium bicarbonate (500mL). The organic extract was dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo to give 2,4- pyridinedicarboxcyclic acid diethyl ester as an oil.

M.S.(M+1): 224 Step 2:

Preparation of 2-Formyl-isonicotinic acid ethyl ester

To a solution of 2,4-pyridinedicarboxcyclic acid diethyl ester (25g, δ 0.112mol) in tetrahydrofuran (IL) at -78°C and under nitrogen was slowly added a solution of l.OM diisobutylaluminum hydride in THF (llmL). The reaction was stirred at -78°C for 5h and then quenched by addition of a solution of tetrahydrofuran-acetic acid-water (174mL, 62mL, 15mL) and the reaction allowed to warm to room temperature. Diethyl ether (500mL) and 10% aqueous sodium 10 bicarbonate (IL) were added and the mixture stirred for 0.5h. The ether layer was removed and the aqueous layer extracted with ethyl acetate (4X500mL) The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated sodium chloride and concentrated to an oil which was purified by silica gel column chromatography using 30 %ethyl acetate/hexane as eluent to give 2-formyl-isonicotinic acid ethyl ester as an lδ oil.

M.S.(M+1): 180

Step 3:

Preparation of 2-Diethoxymethyl-isonicotinic acid ethyl ester

20 To a solution of 2-formyl-isonicotinic acid ethyl ester (5.0g, 0.027mol) in ethanol (9mL) was added triethyl orthoformate (6.2mL, 0.037mol) followed by a solution of 6N hydrochloric acid in ethanol (1.5mL). The mixture was heated to 110°C (reflux) for 1.5h, cooled to rt and solid potassium carbonate (1.80g) added. The mixture was stirred for 5min, concentrated in vacuo, and redissolved in diethyl ether

2δ (lOOmL). The reaction was filtered through silica and the resulting cake washed with diethyl ether (50mL). The filtrated was concentrated in vacuo to give 2- diethoxymethyl-isonicotinic acid ethyl ester as an oil. M.S.(M+1): 254

30 Step 4:

Preparation of 2-Diethoxymethyl-isonicotinic acid

To a solution of 2-diethoxymethyl-isonicotinic acid ethyl ester (3.0g, 0.012mol) in tetrahydrofuran (lOOmL) was added IN sodium hydroxide (24mL, 0.024mol) and mixture allowed to stir for 2h at rt. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo to give a pasty solid of 2-diethoxymethyl-isonicotinic acid, which was used in the next step as is.

M.S.(M+1): 226

5 Step 5:

Preparation of 4-{[(2-Diethoxymethyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)- amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

4- { [(2-Diethoxymethyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl } - 0 piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester was prepared in a similar manner as described in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2. M.S.(M+1): 456

Step 6: δ Preparation of 4-{ [(2-Formyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino] - methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a solution of 4-{[(2-diethoxymethyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]- methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (1.3g, 0.0029mol) in dioxane (20mL) was added IN hydrochloric acid (40mL) and the mixture was warmed to 50°C 0 for 1.5h. The reaction was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate (lOOmL) and 10 % aqueous sodium bicarbonate (lOOmL), and stirred well. The organic layer was removed, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give 4-{ [(2- formyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as an oil. δ M.S.(M+1): 382

Step 7:

Prep of 4-{[(2-MethylaminomethyI-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]- methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester 0 To a solution of 4-{ [(2-formyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl }- piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (50mg, 0.13mmol) in dichloroethane (0.5mL) was added acetic acid (8μL, 0.13mmol), 2.0M methylamine in THF (72μL, 0.14mmol) followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (42mg, 0.20mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred for 5h. The reaction was concentrated in vacuo and the δ residue chromatographed (reverse phase C-l 8 using acetonitrile/0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid in water) to give upon concentration in vacuo 4-{ [(2-methylaminomethyl- pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxyIic acid benzyl ester as the trifluoroacetic acid salt.

M.S. Qf+1) 397

The following compounds were prepared as described above for 4- { [(2-methylaminomethyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester, replacing methylamine with the appropriate amine in step 7, EXAMPLE 166.

10

EXAMPLE 169:

4-{[(2-Hydroxymethyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]- methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester lδ

To a solution of 4-{[(2-formyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}- piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE 166, Step 6) (50mg, 0.13 lmmol) in ethanol (2mL) was added sodium borohydride (5mg) and the mixture stirred for 0.5h. The reaction was diluted with 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate

20 (lOmL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (25mL). The ethyl acetate extract was concentrated and chromatographed (reverse phase C-l 8 using acetonitrile/0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid in water) to give upon concentration in vacuo the 4-{[(2- hydroxymethyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester as the trifluoroacetic acid salt.

25 M.S.(M+1): 384

EXAMPLE 170: 4-({[2-(l-Hydroxy-ethyl)-pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}- methyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a solution of 4-{ [(2-formyl-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}- 5 piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE 166, Step 6) (50mg,

0.13 lmmol) in THF (2mL) at -78°C was added 3.0M methylmagnesium chloride (45μL, 0.135mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5min and allowed to warm to rt. The reaction was diluted with 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (lOmL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (25mL). The ethyl acetate extract was concentrated and 0 chromatographed on silica using 100% ethyl acetate to ethyl acetate/methanol (95/5) to give the 4-({[2-(l-hydroxy-ethyl)-pyτidine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester.

M.S. (N +1) 398

5

EXAMPLE 171:

4- ({ [2- (2,4-Dimethoxy-benzylamino) -pyridine-4- carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester 0 A mixture of 4-{[(2-chloro-pvridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]- methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE 65) (310mg, O.δmmol) and 2,4-dimethoxybenzylamine (ImL) were heated to 140°C for 18h, cooled to rt, and partitioned between pH5.2 citrate buffer and EtOAc. The organic layer was dried and the solvent evaporated to give the crude δ product, purified by chromatography on silica (1:1 hexane EtOAc to 5% MeOH EtOAc to give the 4-({[2-(2,4-Dimethoxy-benzylamino)-pyridine-4- carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-piperidine-l-carboxyric acid benzyl ester. M.S. (MT+1) 519

0 EXAMPLE 172:

4-{[(2-Amino-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester 4-({ [2-(2,4-Dimethoxy-benzylamino)-pyridine-4-carbonyl] - amino}-methyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE 171) (124mg) in dichloromethane (5mL) was treated with trifluoroacetic acid (O.δmL). After 30min, the reaction mixture was partitioned between δ EtOAc and dilute sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried and the solvent evaporated to give the crude product which was stirred with ether (3mL) and filtered to give the 4-{[(2- amino-pyridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as a white solid. 10 M.S. (M"+l) 369

EXAMPLE 173:

4-({[2-(2-Dimethylamino-ethylamino)-pyridine-4- carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl lδ ester

A mixture of 4-{[(2-chloro-pvridine-4-carbonyl)-amino]- methyl} -piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE 65) (50mg, O.δmmol) and N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (0.2mL) were heated to 100C for 18 hours, cooled to room temperature. The reaction mixture was then 20 purified by reverse phase HPLC to give the 4-({ [2-(2-dimethylamino- ethylamino)-pyridine-4-carbonyl]-amino}-methyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as its trifluoroacetate salt.

M.S. (M⁺+l) 440

2δ

EXAMPLE 174:

N- [ 1 - (2-Phenyl-ethanesulf onyl) -piperidin-4-ylmethyl] - isonicotinamide

30 Step 1:

4-Aminomethyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

To a mixture of lδg of 4-aminomethylpiperidine in 250mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran cooled to — 78°C was added dropwise over 45min a solution of 24g of di-tert-butyl di-carbonate in lOOmL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. After stirring for lh at — 78°C, the mixture was allowed to warm to rt and stirred overnight. The mixture was concentrated to near dryness and diluted with 200mL of 10% aqueous citric acid. The mixture was extracted with 3xl00mL of ether, then made basic with sodium hydroxide pellets and extracted with 3x200mL of chloroform. The combined chloroform extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was homogeneous by TLC (development with 90:10 chloroform saturated with ammonia: methanol).

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 4.1 (br s, 2 H), 2.7 (br m, 2H), 2.6

(d, 2H), 1.7 (m, 3H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.1 (m, 2H).

Step 2: 4- (Benzyloxycarbonylamino-methyl) -piperidine- 1 - carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester

To a solution of 21g of 4-aminomethyl-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester in lOOmL of ethyl acetate cooled to 0°C was added lOOmL of saturated sodium carbonate and 17g of benzyl chloroformate. The solution was stirred for 3h, then separated. The organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Drying under vacuum gave the product as an oil: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 7.35 (m, δH), δ.3 (d, IH), 5.1 (s, 2H), 4.1 (br s, 2 H), 3.0 (br m, 2H), 2.6 (br m, 2H), 1.7 (m, 3H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.1 (m, 2H). Step 3:

Piperidin-4-ylmethyl-carbamic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of 3δg of 4-(benzyloxycarbonylamino-methyl)- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester and δOmL of 4N HCI in dioxane was stirred at rt for 3h, then diluted with 200mL of ether and filtered. The piperidin-4-ylmethyl-carbamic acid benzyl ester hydrochloride salt was obtained as a white fluffy solid. The free base was obtained by partitioning the hydrochloride between δOmL chloroform and δOmL saturated aqueous Na2CO3.

MS (m+l) = 249; *H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): 7.35 (m, 5H), 5.15 (s, 2H), 4.9

(br s, 1 H), 3.1 (m, 2H), 2.6 (m, 3H), 1.7 (m, 2H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 1.1 (m, 2H).

Step 4:

[l-(2-Phenyl-ethenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]- carbamic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of 2g of piperidin-4-ylmethyl-carbamic acid benzyl ester hydrochloride, 25mL of dichloromethane, 1.5 grams of trans-2- styrenesulfonyl chloride, and 3mL of N,N-diisopropylethylamine was stirred at rt overnight, then diluted with 200mL of chloroform, and washed with lOOmL of saturated sodium carbonate. The chloroform extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated. The [l-(2- phenyl-ethenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -carbamic acid benzyl ester was obtained as a white solid. MS (m+l) = 415;

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): 7.5-7.2 (m, 10H), 6.65 (m, IH),

5.15 (s, 2H), 4.8 (br s, 1 H), 3.8 (d, 2H), 3.1 (dd, 2H), 2.6 (dd, 2H), 1.8 (d, 2H), 1.6 (m, 2H), 1.35 (m, 2H).

Step 5:

C-[l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl]- methylamine

A mixture of 2.5g of [l-(2-phenyl-ethenesulfonyl)-piperidin-4- ylmethyll-carbamic acid benzyl ester, lg of 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon, 200mL of methanol and 50mL of tetrahydrofuran were shaken under δOpsi of hydrogen for 2 days at rt. The catalyst was filtered off and washed with 2δ0mL of methanol. Concentration under reduced pressure gave the C-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yι] -methylamine as a white solid.

MS (m+l) = 283;

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): 7.4-7.2 (m, 5H), δ.l (s, 2H), 3.8 δ (d, 2H), 3.1 (m, 4H), 2.7 (dd, 2H), 1.8 (d, 2H), 1.6 (m, δH), 1.3 (m, 2H).

Step 6:

N-[l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]- isonicotinamide

10

The N- [l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]- isonicotinamide was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)- piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and isonicotinic acid as described above in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2. lδ MS (m+l) = 388.

EXAMPLE 175:

N-{l-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl]-piperidin-4- ylmethyl}-4-hydroxy-benzamide

20

Step 1:

1 - (2-Chlor o-ethyl) -4-fluoro-benzene

A mixture of 7g of 2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanol, 25mL of chlorobenzene, 42mL of 37% HCI, and 0.9g of Aliquat® 336

25 (tricaprylylmethyl ammonium chloride) was heated to reflux for 3 days, cooled and extracted into 3xl00mL of hexane. The combined extracts were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was a crude product of l-(2-chloro-ethyl)-4- fluoro-benzene:

30 *H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 7.3 (dd, 2H), 7.0 (dd, 2H), 3.7 (t,

2H), 3.05 (t, 2H).

Step 2:

Thioacetic acid S-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl] ester A mixture of 2.4g of l-(2-chloro-ethyl)-4-fluoro-benzene, 30mL of DMF, and 2.δg of potassium thioacetate was stirred under nitrogen for 24h. The mixture was diluted with 200mL of water and extracted with 3Xδ0mL of dichloromethane. The combined organic layers δ were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Drying under vacuum gave the product as an oil: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 7.18 (dd, 2H), 6.98 (dd, 2H), 3.08 (t, 2H), 2.81 (t, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H).

10 Step 3:

2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl chloride

A stream of chlorine gas was dispersed into a stirred, ice cold mixture of 2.5g of thioacetic acid S-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethyl] ester, 30mL of dichloromethane and 30mL of water over lh. The mixture was diluted lδ with 200mL of dichloromethane, shaken and separated. The combined organic layers were dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated under reduced pressure. Trituration with hexane gave a white solid:

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 7.2 (dd, 2H), 7.0 (dd, 2H), 3.1 (dd, 2H), 3.3 (dd, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H). 20

Step 4:

4-(tert-Butoxyearbonylamino-methyl)-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To an ice cold, stirred solution of 21g of 4-aminomethyl- 2δ piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester in 250mL of dichloromethane was added 18g of di-tert-butyldicarbonate in lOOmL of dichloromethane over 30min. After stirring overnight, the mixture was concentrated to dryness. Trituration with hexane gave a white solid: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 7.4 (m, δH), 5.15 (s, 2H), 4.6 (br 30 s, IH), 4.2 (br s, 2H), 3.0 (br s, 2H), 2.8 ((m, 2H), 1.7 (m, 3H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.15 (m, 2H).

Step 5:

Piperidin-4-ylmethyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester A mixture of 28g of 4-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino-methyl)- piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester, lg of 10% palladium on carbon, lOOmL of THF and 200mL of methanol was stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 2 days. The mixture was filtered concentrated under reduced pressure. Drying under reduced pressure gave a white solid:

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 4.8 (br s, IH), 3.05 (d, 2H), 2.9 (dd, 2H), 2.6 (m, 3H), 1.6 (d, 2H), 1.5 (m, IH), 1.4 (s, 9H), 1.05 (m, 2H).

Step 6: { 1 - [2- (4-Fluor o-phenyl) -ethanesulfonyl] -piperidin-4- ylmethylj-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

To an ice cold, stirred solution of 0.2g of piperidin-4- ylmethyl-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and 0.2mL of N,N-diisopropylethyl amine in 20mL of dichloromethane was added 0.3g of 2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)- ethanesulfonyl chloride. After stirring overnight, the mixture was diluted with 50mL of chloroform, washed with 50mL of saturated sodium carbonate, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. Trituration with hexane gave a white solid: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 7.2 (m, 2H), 7.0 (dd, 2H), 4.6 (br m, IH), 3.8 (d, 2H), 3.1 (m, 3H), 3.0 (m, 2H), 2.7 (dd, 2H), 1.8 (d, 2H), 1.6 (br m, 2H), 1.42 (s, 9H), 1.3 (m, 2H).

Step 7:

C-{l-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl]-piperidin-4- yl}-methylamine

A mixture of 0.4g of {l-[2-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl]- piperidin-4-ylmethyl} -carbamic acid tert-butyl ester and 5mL of 4N HCI in dioxane was stirred at rt for 3h, then diluted with δOmL of chloroform, washed with 50mL of saturated sodium carbonate, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The product was a white solid:

MS (m+l) = 301; iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 7.2 (m, 2H), 7.0 (dd, 2H), 3.92 (d, 2H), 3.1 (s, 4H), 2.7 (dd, 2H), 2.6 (d, 2H), 1.8 (d, 2H), l.δ (br m, 3H), 1.3 (m, 2H).

δ Step 8

N-{ 1 - [2- (4-Fluor o-phenyl) -ethanesulfonyl] -piperidin-4- ylmethyl }-4-hydroxy-benzamide

N-{l-[2-(4-Fluoro-phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl]-piperidin-4- 10 ylmethyl}-4-hydroxy-benzamide was prepared from C-{l-[2-(4-fluoro- phenyl)-ethanesulfonyl]-piperidin-4-yl} -methylamine and 4- hydroxybenzoic acid as described above in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2.

MS (m+l) = 421.

lδ The following compounds were prepared as described in

EXAMPLE 175, but replacing the 4-fluorophenethyl alcohol with the appropriately substituted phenethyl alcohol in Step 1 and using the appropriate carboxylic acid in Step 8.

EXAMPLE 190:

(R,S) 3-[(4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]- pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

Step 1: l-Benzyl-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid amide

To a mixture of 4.4g of l-benzyl-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (M. J. Kornet et al., J. Org. Chem., 33:3637-3639(1968)) and 3g of formamide in lOmL of anhydrous DMF heated to 100°C was added a solution of sodium methoxide, from 0.33g of sodium dissolved in methanol, dropwise over 20min. After stirring for lh at 100°C, the mixture was allowed to cool to rt and added to lOOmL of isopropanol. The mixture was concentrated to dryness. The resulting residue was triturated with

200mL of chloroform, filtered and concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The resulting oil was fairly homogeneous by TLC (development with 90:10 chloroform saturated with ammonia: methanol):

!H NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 7.1 (5H), 4.3 (br s, 2 H), 3.5 (d, 2H), 3.4 (m, IH), 2.6 (m, 2H), 2.5 (m, IH), 2.25 (m, IH), 1.9 (m, IH).

Step 2: 3-Carbamoyl-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

A mixture of 4.δg of l-benzyl-pyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid amide, 200mL of THF, 20mL of methanol, and lg of 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon was shaken under δOpsi of hydrogen for 12h. The catalyst was filtered off and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure. Drying under vacuum gave 3g of an oil. To a stirred solution of the crude residue in 500mL of chloroform was added δ.δg of N- (benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide and 2.2mL of triethylamine. The mixture was allowed to stir overnight and washed with 50mL of saturated sodium carbonate dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to dryness. Purification by chromatography on silica gel, eluting with 90:10 ethyl acetate: methanol, gave the product as a resin: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3): 7.35 (m, 5H), 5.6 (br m, 2H), 3.6 (m, 3H), 3.4 (m, IH), 2.9 (br m, IH), 2.1 (m, 2H).

Step 3:

3-Aminomethyl-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester A mixture of lg of 3-carbamoyl-pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and 24mL of IM borane-THF was stirred at room temperature for 24h, then quenched with 50mL of 3N HCI. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, followed by being partitioned between δOmL chloroform and 2δmL saturated aqueous sodium carbonate. Concentration of the combined extracts after drying over magnesium sulfate gave the product as a resin: iH NMR (400MHz, CDCI3) ): 7.3δ (m, δH), 6.15 (s, 2H), 3.7-4 (complex, 4H), 2.7 (m, IH), 2.4-2.0 (complex, 2H), 1.6 (m, 4H).

Step 4:

(R,S) 3-[(4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]- pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

(R,S) 3-[(4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester was prepared from 3-aminomethyl- pyrrolidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as described above in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2.

MS (m+l) = 39δ.

δ EXAMPLE 191:

(R) 3- [ (4-Hydr oxy-benzoylamino) -methyl] -pyrr olidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester and (S) 3- [ (4-Hydr oxy- benzoylamino)-methyl]-pyrrolidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

Resolution of (R,S) 3-[(4-hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]- 10 pyrrolidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE 190) was performed on a Chirapak® preparative chiral HPLC column: MS (m+l) = 39δ.

lδ EXAMPLE 192:

2-Amino-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid [l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-amide

Step 1: 20 (5-{[l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]- carbamoyl}-pyrimidin-2-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

(δ-{ [l-(2-Phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl] - carbamoyl}-pyrimidin-2-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester was prepared from C-[l-(2-phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 2-

2δ tert-butoxycarbonylamino-pvrimidine-δ-carboxylic acid (prepared by BOC protection of ethyl 2-amino-5-pyrimidine carboxylate [prepared as described by P. Schenone, et al., J. Heterocyclic Chem., 27:295-306(1990)] using di-tert-butyl dicarbonate and 4-dimethylaminopyridine in acetonitrile, followed by saponification with sodium hydroxide and

30 neutralization with dilute aqueous HCI) as described in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2:

MS (m+l) = 504.

Step 2: 2-Amino-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid [l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulf onyl) -piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amide

2-Amino-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid [l-(2-phenyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl] -amide was prepared from (δ-{[l-(2- phenyl-ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-carbamoyl}-pyrimidin-2-yl)- carbamic acid tert-butyl ester by stirring at rt for 3h in 4N HCI in dioxane. The product was precipitated as the hydrochloride salt by dilution with ether and filtration.

MS (m+l) = 404.

EXAMPLE 193:

2-Amino-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid [l-(2-p-tolyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-ylmethyl]-amide

The title compound was prepared from C-[l-(2-p-tolyl- ethanesulfonyl)-piperidin-4-yl] -methylamine and 2-tert- butoxycarbonylamino-pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid, followed by treatment with 4N HCI in dioxane as described in EXAMPLE 192.

MS (m+l) = 418.

The following compounds were prepared by coupling 4- aminomethyl-piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (EXAMPLE 1, Step 1) with the appropriate acid as described in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2.

EX. Name Analytical Data

194 4-{[(3-Methyl-3H-imidazole-4-carbonyl)- MS (m+l) = 367 amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

195 4-{[(3-Methyl-3H-imidazole-4-carbonyl)- MS (m+l) = 371 amino]-methyl}-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid 4-methyl-benzyl ester

196 4-{[(9H-Purine-6-carbonyl)-amino]- MS (m+l) = 395

EXAMPLE 197:

3-Hydroxy-4- [ (4-hydr oxy-benzoylamino) -methyl] - piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester δ

Step 1: l-Benzyl-4-hydroxymethyl-piperidin-3-ol

Sodium borohydride (40g) was added in portions to a stirred solution of ethyl N-benzyl-3-oxopiperidine-4-carboxylate hydrochloride in 0 methanol (500mL), over 2h. Water (300mL) was added slowly, the mixture stirred for 15min, and then the organics were evaporated. The resulting residue was partitioned between DCM and water (x3), the combined organic layers dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent evaporated to give the product as a cis trans mixture, used in the 5 next step without further purification. M.S. (M+l): 222.

Step 2:

3-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl 0 ester

A solution of the l-Benzyl-4-hydroxvmethyl-piperidin-3-ol from Step 1 above (13.5g) in methanol (450mL) was hydrogenated at δOpsi over 20% palladium hydroxide on charcoal (lOg) for 48h in three batches. The combined reaction mixtures were filtered and the filtrate δ evaporated to give an oil. This oil was dissolved in water (lOOmL) and dioxane (lOOmL), cooled to δ°C, and benzyl chloroformate (7.8mL) was added slowly. lM NaOH was added to maintain pH of 10-11. After 30min, the cooling bath was removed and reaction mixture stirred for 30min. The reaction mixture was concentrated to remove dioxane and the 0 residue extracted with EtOAc (x3). The combined extracts were washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and solvent evaporated to give a mixture of cis and trans products. Purified by flash column chromatography (80% EtOAc hexane to δ% MeOH EtOAc) gave the upper Rf cis isomer and the lower Rf trans isomer. M.S. (M+l): 266.

Step 3:

Cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)- piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester A solution of the 3-Hydroxy-4-hydroxymethyl-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester diol from Step 2 above (7.6δg) in chloroform (200mL) was treated with pyridine (2.6mL) and 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (6.0δg) and the reaction mixture heated to 60°C for 18h. Additional pyridine (0.85mL) and 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride (2.0g) were added to the cooled reaction and heating continued for a further 24h. The reaction mixture was cooled to rt and washed with 10% aqueous citric acid solution and water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and the solvent evaporated to give, after flash column chromatography, the Cis 3- Hydroxy-4-(toluene-4-sulfonyloxymethyl)-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester.

Step 4:

Cis 4-Aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester A solution of the cis 3-Hydroxy-4-(toluene-4- sulfonyloxymethyD-piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (6.80g) from Step 3 above was dissolved in DMF (50mL) and treated with sodium azide (3.16g). The reaction mixture was then heated to 50°C for 48h, cooled to rt, and partitioned between dilute aqueous sodium bicarbonate and EtOAc. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and solvent evaporated to give the azide, which was dissolved in THF (50mL) and treated with triphenylphosphine (14.07g) and water (3.25mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 18h at rt, the volatiles evaporated, and the residue purified by flash column chromatography (DCM to 80/20/2 DCM MeOH NH4OH) to give the cis 4- Aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as an oil.

M.S. (M+l): 265.

Step 4:

3-Hydroxy-4- [ (4-hydr oxy-benzoylamino) -methyl] - piperidine-1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

The 3-Hydroxy-4- [(4-hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl] - piperidine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester was prepared from the cis 4- Aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester (Step 3 above) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as described in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2.

EXAMPLE 198: 3- [ (4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino) -methyl] -piperidine- 1 - carboxylic acid benzyl ester Step 1:

4-Hydroxy-N-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-benzamide

The 4-hydroxy-N-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-benzamide was prepared from 3-(2-aminomethyl)pyridine and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in as described in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2.

M.S. (M+l): 229.

Step 2: iperidin-3-ylmethyl-benzamide

To a solution of 4-hydroxy-N-pyridin-3-ylmethyl-benzamide (2.0g, 0.0088mol) in acetic acid (135mL) was added platinum oxide (200mg) and the mixture stirred under hydrogen for 3h. The reaction was filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give an oil. M.S. (M+l): 235.

Step 3:

3-[(4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l- 5 carboxylic acid benzyl ester

To a mixture of 4-hydroxy-N-piperidin-3-ylmethyl-benzamide (13δmg, 0.580mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (5mL) was added triethylamine (lOOμL) and N-benzyloxycarbonyloxysuccinamide (144mg, O.δ80mmol) and the mixture stirred at rt for 3h. The reaction was concentrated in 10 vacuo and chromatographed on silica using 60-100% ethyl acetate/hexane to give 3-[(4-hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]-piperidine-l-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as a foam.

M.S. (M+l): 369.

lδ EXAMPLE 199:

3-[(4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]-piperazine-l- carboxylic acid benzyl ester

Step 1: 20 1 ,4-Dibenzyl-2-chlor omethyl-piper azin

The above compound was prepared according to the procedure described in Bihan, G. et. al., J. Med. Chem., 42:1587- 1603(1999). 25

Step 2:

2-Azidomethyl-l,4-dibenzyl-piperazine To a solution of l,4-dibenzyl-2-chloromethyl-piperazine (8.8g, 0.028mol) in dimethylformamide (90mL) under nitrogen was added 30 sodium azide (δ.δg) and the reaction stirred at 60°C for 18h. The reaction was cooled and diluted with 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (lOOmL) and water (250mL) and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate (2 X 200mL). The organic extracts were washed with 10% sodium bicarbonate, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to an oil. 3δ M.S. (M+l): 322. Step 3:

C-(l,4-Dibenzyl-piperazin-2-yl)-methylamine

To a solution of 2-azidomethyl-l,4-dibenzyl-piperazine (9.0g, 0.028mol) in THF (90mL) and water (δmL) was added triphenylphosphine (22.3g, 0.085mol) and the mixture stirred for 18h. The reaction was concentrated to an oil, dissolved in IN hydrochloric acid (lOOmL) and washed with ethyl acetate (2xl00mL). The acidic aqueous layer was cooled to 0°C and the pH adjusted to 8.5 with 3N sodium hydroxide. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2xl00mL) and extracts dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated to an oil. M.S. (M+l): 296.

Step 4: N-(l,4-Dibenzyl-piperazin-2-ylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzamide

The N-(l ,4-Dibenzyl-piperazin-2-ylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzamide was prepared from C-(l,4-Dibenzyl-piperazin-2-yl)-methylamine and 4- hydroxybenzoic acid as described in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2.

M.S. (M+l): 416.

Step 5:

4-Hydroxy-N-piperazin-2-ylmethyl-benzamide

The 4-Hydroxy-N-piperazin-2-ylmethyl-benzamide was prepared according to the procedure described in EXAMPLE 198, Step 2, using 10% Palladium Carbon as catalyst in ethanol/12N HCI at 50°C for δh. M.S. (M+l): 236.

Step 6:

3- [ (4-Hydr oxy-benzoylamino) -methyl] -piper azine- 1 - carboxylic acid benzyl ester

The 3- [(4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl] -piperazine- 1- carboxylic acid benzyl ester was prepared according to the procedure described in EXAMPLE 198, Step 3. Dilution of reaction with 10% aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extraction with ethyl acetate followed by concentration and purification by silica gel chromatography using 95/δ/l to 90/10/2 (dichloromethane/methanol/NH4θH) gave the 3-[(4-Hydroxy- benzoylamino)-methyl]-piperazine- 1-carboxylic acid benzyl ester as a solid.

M.S. (M+l): 370. δ

EXAMPLE 200:

4-Hydr oxy-N- [4- (3-phenyl-propionyl) -piperazin-2- ylmethyl] -benzamide 0 The title compound was prepared in a similar manner as described in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2, from 4-hydroxy-N-piperazin-2-ylmethyl- benzamide and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. M.S. (M+l): 368.

5 EXAMPLE 201:

4-Hydroxy-N- [4- (3-phenyl-propyl) -piper azin-2- ylmethyl] -benzamide

The title compound was prepared in a similar manner as described in EXAMPLE 148, Step 1, from 4-Hydroxy-N-piperazin-2-ylmethyl- 0 benzamide and propionaldehyde in dichlorethane as solvent. M.S. (M+l): 354.

EXAMPLE 202: 5 2-[(4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]-morpholine-4-carboxylic acid benzyl ester

Step 1:

N-(4-Benzyl-morpholin-2-ylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzamide 0 The N-(4-Benzyl-morpholin-2-ylmethyl)-4-hydroxy-benzamide was prepared from C-(4-benzyl-morpholin-2-yl)-methylamine (S. Kato et al., J. Med Chem., 33:1406(1990)) similarly to the procedure described in EXAMPLE 1, Step 2. M.S. (M+l): 327 Step 2:

A solution of N-(4-benzyl-morpholin-2-ylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- benzamide (Step 1 above) (320mg) was dissolved in ethanol (20mL) and hydrogenated at latm over 20% Pd(OH)2/C (250mg) for 18h. The catalyst was removed by filtration, washed with ethanol, and the filtrate evaporated, to give a solid. A portion (21mg) of this material was dissolved in DMF (0.5mL) and N- (benzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide (27mg) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for lOmin, one drop of water was added and the solution was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC to give the 2-[(4-Hydroxy-benzoylamino)-methyl]- morpholine-4-carboxylic acid benzyl ester compound. M.S. (M+l): 371

EXAMPLE 203: 4-Hydroxy-N- [4- (3-phenyI-propyl)-morpholin-2-ylmethyl] - benzamide

A solution of N-(4-benzyl-morpholin-2-ylmethyl)-4-hydroxy- benzamide (EXAMPLE 202, Step 1) (55mg) was dissolved in acetic acid (3mL) and hydrogenated at latm over 10% Pd C (50mg) for 18h. The catalyst was removed by filtration, washed with acetic acid and the filtrate evaporated, to give an oil. A portion of this oil (21mg) was dissolved in methanol (ImL) and treated with phenylpropionaldehyde (24mg) and sodium cyanoborohydride (25mg). The resulting reaction was stirred for 15min and the crude reaction mixture purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC to give the 4-Hydroxy-N-[4-(3-phenyl-propyl)-morpholin-2- ylmethyl]-benzamide compound. M.S. (M+l): 355

Claims (20)

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A method for treating or preventing migraines in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment or prevention comprising δ administering to said patient an NR2B receptor antagonist in an amount that is effective to treat or prevent migraines.

2. The method according to Claim 1 wherein the NR2B antagonist is administered at a dose ranging from about O.lmg to about 0 2500mg.

3. The method according to Claim 1 wherein the mammalian patient is human.

5 4. The method for treating migraines in a mammalian patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient an NR2B receptor antagonist in an amount that is effective to treat migraines in accordance with Claim 1.

5. The method for preventing migraines in a mammalian 0 patient in need of such prevention comprising administering to said patient an

NR2B antagonist in an amount that is effective to prevent migraines in accordance with Claim 1.

6. The method according to Claim 1 further comprising concomitantly administering a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP) 5 ligand with said NR2B receptor antagonist in amounts that are effective to treat or prevent migraines.

7. The method according to Claim 1 further comprising concomitantly administering a cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibiting compound 0 with said NR2B receptor antagonist in amounts that are effective to treat or prevent migraines.

8. The method according to Claim 7 wherein the cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibiting compound is selected from the group consisting of: celecoxib, rofecoxib, etoricoxib, valdecoxib, parecoxib, COX189, BMS347070, ABT963, CS502, GW406381 and JTE522. δ

9. The method according to Claim 8 wherein the cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibiting compound is rofecoxib.

10. The method according to Claim 8 wherein the 0 cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibiting compound is etoricoxib.

11. The method according to Claim 1 further comprising concomitantly administering a 5HT IB/ID agonist with said NR2B receptor antagonist in amounts that are effective to treat or prevent migraines. 5

12. The method according to Claim 11 wherein the 5HT IB/ID agonist is selected from the group consisting of: rizatriptan, sumatriptan, naratriptan, zolmitriptan, eleptriptan, and almotriptan

0 13. The method according to Claim 12 wherein the 5HT

IB/ID agonist is rizatriptan.

14. The method according to Claim 1 further comprising concomitantly administering a leukotriene receptor antagonist with said NR2B 5 receptor antagonist in amounts that are effective to treat or prevent migraines.

15. The method according to Claim 14 wherein the leukotriene receptor antagonist is montelukast.

0 16. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an NR2B receptor antagonist and a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRP) receptor ligand in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

17. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an NR2B receptor antagonist and a 5HT IB/ID agonist in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

18. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 17 wherein the 5HT IB/ID agonist is rizatriptan.

19. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an NR2B receptor antagonist and a leukotriene receptor antagonist in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

20. The pharmaceutical composition according to Claim 19 wherein the leukotriene receptor antagonost is montelukast.