AU2001266493A1

AU2001266493A1 - Use of alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose possibly in combination with a carboxymethyl cellulose for the improvement of gloss and printability

Info

Publication number: AU2001266493A1
Application number: AU2001266493A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Erland Hermansson; Kerstin Larsson
Original assignee: Akzo Nobel NV
Current assignee: Akzo Nobel NV
Priority date: 2000-07-19
Filing date: 2001-06-21
Publication date: 2002-05-02
Anticipated expiration: 2021-06-21

Description

USE OF ALKYLHYDROXYALKYL CELLULOSE POSSIBLY IN COMBINATION WITH A CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF GLOSS AND PRINTABILITY

The present invention relates to the use of a nonionic alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose to improve gloss and printability of a surface, for instance paper or cardboard, which is coated with a coating composition containing calcium carbonate and a latex. Advantageously, the non-ionic alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose can be combined with a carboxymethyl cellulose.

When coating, such as smearing or surface sizing of cellulose-based surface-shaped products, for instance paper or cardboard, with a composition the primary aim is to change the properties of the paper product, such as improved strength, improved appearance, improved properties of printability, improved impermeability or improved properties of adhesion. Thus, it is common to surface size paper or cardboard with an aqueous binder-containing composition in order to improve, inter alia, wet strength or to coat paper or cardboard with a composition that contains pigment pastes in order to improve the printing properties and the appearance of the surface. The coating compositions may, apart from binders and pigment, also contain secondary binders (co-binders) , protective colloids, thickening agents and dispersing agents. It is common to add water-soluble or water-swellable polymers as thickening agent, protective colloid or secondary binders, on the basis of polyvinyl alcohol, modified celluloses, starch, casein, alginate or high molecular carboxyl-group-containing polymerizate.

EP 15 517 discloses the use of cellulose ethers in coating mixtures, where carboxymethyl cellulose is added as a secondary binder. It is already known from EP 307 795 to use, inter alia, methyl cellulose as a protective colloid. EP 425 997 discloses that hydrophobically modified alkyl cellulose, alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose or hydroxyalkyl cellulose can be used as a thickening agent in aqueous paper coating compositions. The hydrophobia groups are preferably C₁₂_ι₆ alkyl groups or alkyl aryl groups. When used in coating compositions these cellulose ethers, when compared with carboxymethyl cellulose ethers, give an improved viscosity at high shear rates .

From EP 496 269 it is also known to prepare a poly- saccharide-containing suspension for paper coating, the suspension containing a low-molecular polysaccharide which is dissolved in aqueous phases and may be a carboxymethyl cellulose or a hydroxyethyl cellulose. Moreover, the coating composition contains one or more dispersed, i.e. not dissolved, cellulose polymers, such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, methylhydroxypropyl cellulose and hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose.

WO 97/46757 discloses the use of a water-soluble non- ionic alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose which contains alkyl groups having 1-3 carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl groups having 2-3 carbon atoms but which is free from hydrophobically modified hydrocarbon groups having at least 4 carbon atoms, the cellulose ether having a turbidity point in the range 35- 80°C, as a thickening agent in aqueous compositions for coating cellulose-based surface-shaped products. By using the cellulose ethers as a thickening agent, process engineering advantages are obtained when applying the coating compositions to surface-shaped cellulose products.

According to the present invention, it has now been found that the use of a non-ionic alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose, which has alkyl groups having 1-3 carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl groups having 2-3 carbon atoms, is free from hydrophobically modifying hydrocarbon groups having at least 4 carbon atoms and has a turbidity point of 50-95°C, or a combination of the alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose with a carboxymethyl cellulose, where the amount of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 1200 percent by weight at the most of the amount of the alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose, in an aqueous coating composition containing a calcium carbonate,

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The carboxymethyl cellulose usually has a degree of substitution of carboxymethyl of 0.6-1.5. It can exist in acid form, but preferably the salt form with a preferably monovalent cation, such as sodium, is used. The carboxymethyl cellulose usually has a somewhat lower viscosity than the alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose and it is normally in the range 2-15,000 mPa-s, preferably in the range 5-5000 mPa-s, the viscosity being measured in the same manner as for the alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose. Apart from carboxymethyl groups, the carboxymethyl cellulose can also contain other substituents, such as hydroxyethyl groups and methyl groups. As already mentioned, the coating composition according to the invention is pigmented with calcium carbonate but can, advantageously, also contain other pigments. Examples thereof are kaolin, talc, titanium oxide, satin white, hydrated aluminium, sodium silicoaluminate, gypsum and plastic pigment and a large number of special pigments, such as barium sulphate and zinc oxide. The total amount of pigment in the coating composition is usually 5-65 percent by weight and may constitute 4 to 20 times the amount of weight of latex. Of O co M ) H¹ i-¹ π o Cn o Cπ o Cπ > H Ω

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60-94, preferably 70-90 percent by weight of pigment, of which 5-100 percent by weight is calcium carbonate, 0-10, preferably 0-7 percent by weight of secondary binder, 0-3, preferably 0.1-2 percent by weight of dispersant, 0-5, preferably 0-2 percent by weight of protective colloid, 0-4, preferably 0-2 percent by weight of other additives, such as optical whitener, bactericides, pH-regulating agents, antifoam agent and lubricant, the dry content being 20-72 percent by weight . The Brookfield viscosity of the coating composition is usually 100-2500 mPa-s at 100 revolutions/minute and at 20°C. The viscosity of coating compositions with the dry content of 55-72 percent by weight is 600-2500 mPa-s. An aqueous coating composition for use according to the invention- can be made by the pigment part being dispersed in water, possibly by means of a dispersant. To the obtained pigment wash, one may then add secondary binders, alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and other additives included in the composition and, finally, latex, preferably in the form of a dispersion. A cellulose-based product coated with the above- mentioned composition can be prepared by a) applying the composition on the cellulose-based product at a temperature below the turbidity point of the alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose, b) drying the surface-shaped cellulose product by heating, the cellulose product being coated with the composition, and c) calendering the cellulose product, if desired. The application of the composition takes place in a manner known per se, for instance, by air knife coating, roller coating or blade coating. Owing to season and geographical location, the temperature of the composition is usually in the range 5-55, preferably 20-40°C.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. Example 1

A sheet of white paper of the grammage 80 g/m² was coated with a precoating mixture consisting of 100 parts by weight of rough calcium carbonate; 10 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene-latex; 0.2 parts by weight of optical whitener; 0.6 parts by weight of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with a viscosity of 10 mPa-s, Finnfix 10 supplied by Metsa Speciality Chemicals or 0.3 parts by weight of ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) with a turbidity point of 65°C and a viscosity measured in 2% solution according to Brookfield at 25°C and 25 rpm of 300 mPa-s and water to obtain a dry content of 6.5 percent by weight. The properties of the obtained surface were determined by measuring the contact angle of water and- diiodomethane . Besides, the surface energy and the relative polarity were determined. The contact angle was measured according to Tappi 458 cm -94. The surface energy and the relative polarity were calculated based on the contact angles of the samples and known polarity constants. A small contact angle, high surface energy and a high relative polarity indicate good printing properties. The following results were obtained: Table 1

Precoating with Properties (CMC) (EHEC) Contact angle, 0.1 s

Water, °102.8 84.3

Diiodomethane, ° 44.8 42.4

Surface energy, mJ/m² 37.15 40.79

Relative polarity, % 0.1 5.9 The results show that the hydrophilicity of paper precoated with a mixture containing EHEC is higher than for paper coated with a mixture containing CMC. Both the surface energy and the polarity are improved when the mixture contains EHEC . Example 2 The sheet of paper which in Example 1 was coated with a precoating mixture containing EHEC was then coated with a top-coating mixture containing 80 parts by weight of fine calcium carbonate; 20 parts by weight of ultrafine clay; 11 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene-latex; 0.2 parts by weight of optical whitener; 0.2 parts by weight of CMC according to Example 1 or 0.15 parts by weight of EHEC according to Example 1, and water to obtain a dry content of 63 percent by weight.

The contact angle, the surface energy and the relative polarity were determined in the same manner as in Example 1. The following results were obtained: Table 2

Properties To -coating mixture

CMC EHEC

Contact angle

Water, ° 79. .05 68.95

Diiodomethane, ° 41, .85 39.40

Surface energy, mJ/m² 42, . 66 47.73

Relative polarity, % 9, .4 16.4

Like in Example 1, the surfaces coated with a mixture containing EHEC exhibit better properties than the surfaces coated with a mixture containing CMC. Example 3

The coated sheets of paper of Example 2 were also tested with respect to surface roughness for some different printing inks of the brand Challenge made by Sun Chemical . The paper was printed in sheet offset with the printing inks and printing ink combinations indicated below. The surface roughness was determined according to T 555 pm-94. The following results were obtained: Table 3 Surface roughness of the print, μm

Print CMC EHEC

Black No 1 0.785 0.725

Cyan 0.860 0.780

Magenta 0.795 0.785 Black No 4 0.915 0.850

Cyan/Magenta/Black 1.020 0.935

Water 0.705 0.665 The results show that the coating mixtures containing EHEC gave a smoother surface than the mixtures containing CMC.

Example 4

Paper that had been precoated with the mixture containing EHEC was coated with coating mixtures having varying contents of EHEC and CMC according to the following table. EHEC and CMC were of the same type as in Example 1.

Mixture Components parts by weight

Fine Ultrafine S-B latex EHEC CMC Designation Carbonate clay

A 75 25 11 0.80 B 75 25 11 0.06 0.72 C 75 .25 11 0.10 0.60 D 75 25 11 0.20 0.40 E 75 25 11 0.30 0.20 F 75 25 11 0.35 0.10 G 75 25 11 0.40 -

The mixtures also contained water in such an amount that the dry content of the mixture was 65 percent by weight.

The top coated sheets of paper were then tested with respect to the contact angle in the time interval 0.1-1 s.

The following results were obtained:

Table 4

Mixture Contact angle, °

Designation 0.1 s 0.4 s 0.7 s 1.0 s

A 104.8 100.6 98.9 97.7 B 79.2 77.3 77.0 76.9 C 76.0 74.5 74.3 74.1 D 76.4 74.5 74.1 74.0 E 72.6 72.0 71.2 70.5 F 71.8 71.0 70.0 69.4 G 70.4 68.0 67.5 67.0

The results show that even a relatively small content of EHEC in combination with CMC synergically improves the hydrophilicity of the surface compared to a mixture that contains CMC only.

Example 5

Coating mixtures were made with the following compositions :

Components Composition, parts by weight

H I J K

Fine calcium carbonate 75 75 75 75

Ultrafine clay 25 25 25 25

Styrene-butadiene-latex 11 11 11 11

EHEC (according to Example 1) 0.3 0.15 0.2

CMC (according to Example 1) - 0.25 0.3 0.E

Water to obtain a dry content of 65 percent by weight

These coating mixtures were applied on both sides of a sheet of paper which on both sides was precoated with the mixture which contained EHEC and which has been described in Example 1.

The roughness, gloss, printing gloss (mean value for Cyan/Magenta/Black) and set-off of the surfaces were determined for both the wire side and the felt side. The set- off was determined a certain time after the printing by pressing the print against a receiving paper surface. The set-off value is indicated in accordance with the formula s=lg(R/Rs) wherein R is the reflectivity of the receiving paper and Rs the reflectant factor measured on the set-off of the receiving paper. The gloss was measured according to T 480 if -92.

The following results were obtained: Table 5

Properties Composition

H I J K

Surface : -roughness, μm

F 1.36 1.36 1.37 1.48

V 1.25 1.23 1.32 1.36

Gloss, %

F 56.5 57.5 56.0 53.5

V 62.0 62.5 62.5 58.5

Printing gi .oss, %

F 82.0 82.0 81.0 81.0

V 76.0 76.0 77.0 76.0

Set-off

15 s F ^" 1.10 1.35 1.55 1.70

15 s V 1.40 1.35 1.40 1.65

35 s F 1.05 1.25 1.25 1.60

35 s V 1.25 1.15 1.25 1.55

45 s F 0.95 1.10 1.10 1.55

45 s V 1.10 1.00 1.15 1.30

The results clearly show that the mixtures H-J in accordance with the invention exhibit improved properties as regards surface roughness, gloss, printing gloss and set-off than the reference mixture K.

Example 6 Mixtures for top-coating were made with the following compositions :

Mixture, parts by weight

Constituents L M N O

Clay 75 75 75 75

Fine calcium carbonate 25 25 25 25

Styrene-butadiene 11 11 11 11

EHEC (according to Example 1) 0.5 0.35 0.2

CMC (according to Example 1) 0.3 0.5

Water to obtain a dry content of 65 percent by weight A precoated sheet of paper according to Example 1 containing EHEC was coated with the coating mixtures L to 0, after which the contact angles and surface energies (Table 6a) of the obtained surfaces and the roughness and gloss of the surfaces were determined for different amounts of the coating mixtures M, N and 0 (Table 6b) .

The following results were obtained:

Table 6a

Mixture Contact angle, % Surface energy mJ/m'

L 64.9 49.5 M 66.0 48.2 N 68.0 46.7 0 73.8 43.3

Table 6b

Surface roughness, Mixture μm

Coating g/ M N 0

12 0.96 0.96 1.12

13 0.91 0.92 1.04

14 0.84 0.85 0.99

15 1.82 0.82 0.95

Gloss Mixture Coating g/ M N 0

12 71.6 72.3 71.6

13 73.3 74.5 73.2

14 74.4 75.6 74.2

15 76.0 76.0 75.3

The results show that the sheets of paper coated with the mixtures containing EHEC or a mixture of EHEC and CMC have a higher hydrophilicity (lower contact angle) , higher surface energy, higher smoothness and higher gloss than sheets of paper coated with the mixture containing CMC only. Example 7

In this Example mixtures were made for top-coating with the same basic formulation as in Example 1 but with different cellulose derivatives, MEHEC representing methylethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, HMEHEC representing C_{1 2} - hydrophobically modified ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose and HEC standing for hydroxyethyl cellulose. The compositions were made up as follows:

Constituents Composition

P Q R S T U W

Fine calcium carbonate 75 75 75 75 75 75

Ultrafine clay 25 25 25 25 25 25

Styrene-butadiene 11 11 11 11 11 11

CMC (according to Ex. 0.8 - - - - -

1)

MEHEC, 310 cP, - 0.26 - - - - turbidity 5 point 66°C - 0.4 - - -

HMEHEC, 153 CP, - 5 turbidity point 65°C - 0.4 - -

EHEC, 80 cP, turbidity - - 5 point 65°C - 0.4 -

EHEC, 300 cP, turbidity - - - - - 0.6 point 65°C - - - 5

HEC, 300 cP,

Water to obtain a di :y content of percent by weight Uncoated white paper of a grammage of 80 g/m² was coated with one of the coating mixtures P to U in an amount

2 of 14 g/m . The paper W was uncoated.

The surface energies and the contact angles of the different sheets of paper were determined as a function of time.

The following results were obtained: Table 7a

Composition Surface energy, mN/m

0.1s 0.3s 0.6s 1.0s

P 42.0 45.5 47.5 48.0

Q 47.5 50.0 52.5 53.0

R 48.0 50.0 52.0 52.5

S 47.5 50.0 52.5 54.0

T 52.0 54.5 56.5 57.0

U 45.5 48.0 50.0 51.5

W 31.0 34.5 35.0 35.5

Table 7b

Contact angl< 3, °

Composition 0.05s 0.1s - 0.4s IS 4s 10s

P 103. ,08 100.5 97.5 92.0 86.5 83.0

Q 84, .5 82.5 80.0 78.5 74.0 71.5

R 86, .5 85.5 84.5 83.5 80.0 77.5

S 82, .5 80.0 75.5 71.0 63.0 57.5

T 78, .5 77.0 75.0 72.5 70.5 69.5 u 95, .0 93.5 91.0 88.5 85.5 82.5

The results show that the coating mixtures Q, S and T which contain a cellulose ether according to the invention give a surface with higher surface energy and higher hydrophilicity than the reference mixtures, P, R and U which contain CMC, hydrophobically modifying cellulose ether or HEC.

Claims

C L I M S

1. Use of a non-ionic alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose, which has alkyl groups having 1-3 carbon atoms and hydroxyalkyl groups having 2-3 carbon atoms, is free from hydrophobically modifying hydrocarbon groups having at least 4 carbon atoms and has a turbidity point of 50-95°C, or a combination of the alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose with a carboxymethyl cellulose, where the amount of the carboxymethyl cellulose is 1200 percent by weight at the most of the amount of the alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose in an aqueous coating composition containing a calcium carbonate and a latex in order to improve the gloss and the printability of the surface which is obtained when paper or cardboard is coated with the coating composition.

2. Use as claimed in claim 1, wherein the amount of caboxymethyl cellulose is 50-600 percent by weight of the amount of alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose.

3. Use as claimed in claim 1 or 2 , wherein the alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose is an ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, a methylethylhydroxyethyl cellulose, a methylethylhydroxyethylhydroxypropyl cellulose, methylhydroxyethyl cellulose or a methylhydroxypropyl cellulose.

4. Use as claimed in any one of claims 1-3, wherein the carboxymethyl cellulose is a sodium carboxymethyl cellulose .

5. Use as claimed in any one of claims 1-4, wherein the alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose has a viscosity of 10-10,000 mPa-s, measured in a Brookfield viscosimeter of the type LV in a 2 % water solution at 20°C.

6. Use as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the carboxymethyl cellulose has a viscosity of 5-5000 mPa-s, measured in a Brookfield-viscosimeter of the type LV in a 2% water solution at 20°C.

7. An aqueous coating composition which contains, based on the dry content,

0.07-5 percent by weight of an alkylhydroxyalkyl cellulose and a carboxymethyl cellulose as claimed in claim 2, 4-15 percent by weight of latex,

60-95 percent by weight of pigment, of which 5-100 percent by weight is calcium carbonate, the dry content of the composition being 20-72 percent by weight .

8. A coating composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein its viscosity is 100-2500 mPa-s measured in a Brookfield viscosimeter at 100 revolutions/minute and at 20°C.