ATE465093T1 - Karton mit seitenfaltengriff - Google Patents

Karton mit seitenfaltengriff

Info

Publication number
ATE465093T1
ATE465093T1 AT06719517T AT06719517T ATE465093T1 AT E465093 T1 ATE465093 T1 AT E465093T1 AT 06719517 T AT06719517 T AT 06719517T AT 06719517 T AT06719517 T AT 06719517T AT E465093 T1 ATE465093 T1 AT E465093T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
handle
greased
box
carton
gussets
Prior art date
Application number
AT06719517T
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Latrece Russ
Original Assignee
Graphic Packaging Int Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Graphic Packaging Int Inc filed Critical Graphic Packaging Int Inc
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE465093T1 publication Critical patent/ATE465093T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D71/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans or pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D71/06Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers
    • B65D71/12Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers the packaging elements, e.g. wrappers being formed by folding a single blank
    • B65D71/36Packaging elements holding or encircling completely or almost completely the bundle of articles, e.g. wrappers the packaging elements, e.g. wrappers being formed by folding a single blank having a tubular shape, e.g. tubular wrappers, with end walls
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/02Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body
    • B65D5/0227Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper by folding or erecting a single blank to form a tubular body with or without subsequent folding operations, or the addition of separate elements, to close the ends of the body with end closures formed by inward folding of flaps and securing them by heat-sealing, by applying adhesive to the flaps or by staples
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/44Integral, inserted or attached portions forming internal or external fittings
    • B65D5/46Handles
    • B65D5/46072Handles integral with the container
    • B65D5/4608Handgrip holes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/54Lines of weakness to facilitate opening of container or dividing it into separate parts by cutting or tearing
    • B65D5/5405Lines of weakness to facilitate opening of container or dividing it into separate parts by cutting or tearing for opening containers formed by erecting a blank in tubular form
    • B65D5/542Lines of weakness to facilitate opening of container or dividing it into separate parts by cutting or tearing for opening containers formed by erecting a blank in tubular form the lines of weakness being provided in the container body
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00129Wrapper locking means
    • B65D2571/00135Wrapper locking means integral with the wrapper
    • B65D2571/00141Wrapper locking means integral with the wrapper glued
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00432Handles or suspending means
    • B65D2571/00438Holes
    • B65D2571/0045Holes for hands
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00432Handles or suspending means
    • B65D2571/00537Handles or suspending means with stress relieving means
    • B65D2571/00543Handles or suspending means with stress relieving means consisting of cut-outs, slits, or the like
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00432Handles or suspending means
    • B65D2571/00537Handles or suspending means with stress relieving means
    • B65D2571/00549Handles or suspending means with stress relieving means consisting of fold lines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00555Wrapper opening devices
    • B65D2571/00561Lines of weakness
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00648Elements used to form the wrapper
    • B65D2571/00654Blanks
    • B65D2571/0066Blanks formed from one single sheet
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2571/00Bundles of articles held together by packaging elements for convenience of storage or transport, e.g. portable segregating carrier for plural receptacles such as beer cans, pop bottles; Bales of material
    • B65D2571/00123Bundling wrappers or trays
    • B65D2571/00709Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element
    • B65D2571/00722Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element tubular with end walls, e.g. walls not extending on the whole end surface
    • B65D2571/00728Shape of the formed wrapper, i.e. shape of each formed element if the wrapper is made from more than one element tubular with end walls, e.g. walls not extending on the whole end surface the end walls being closed by gluing

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Details Of Rigid Or Semi-Rigid Containers (AREA)
AT06719517T 2005-02-18 2006-01-26 Karton mit seitenfaltengriff ATE465093T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US65434705P 2005-02-18 2005-02-18
PCT/US2006/002683 WO2006091318A1 (en) 2005-02-18 2006-01-26 Carton with gusseted handle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE465093T1 true ATE465093T1 (de) 2010-05-15

Family

ID=36526720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT06719517T ATE465093T1 (de) 2005-02-18 2006-01-26 Karton mit seitenfaltengriff

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20070017962A1 (es)
EP (1) EP1853483B1 (es)
JP (1) JP4787274B2 (es)
AT (1) ATE465093T1 (es)
AU (1) AU2006217106B2 (es)
BR (1) BRPI0608869B1 (es)
CA (1) CA2597442C (es)
DE (1) DE602006013793D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2339968T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2006091318A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7823760B2 (en) * 2007-05-01 2010-11-02 Tyco Healthcare Group Lp Powered surgical stapling device platform
US20080289994A1 (en) * 2007-05-25 2008-11-27 Bruce Bitowft Display Carton
US8733623B2 (en) 2007-12-24 2014-05-27 Meadwestvaco Packaging Systems, Llc Carrying handle for a carton
WO2011022378A2 (en) * 2009-08-17 2011-02-24 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Carton with handle
US9403615B2 (en) 2010-03-26 2016-08-02 The C.W. Zumbiel Company Carton and handle in multi-ply carton material
US9205948B1 (en) * 2010-03-26 2015-12-08 The C.W. Zumbiel Company Carton and stress relieving score pattern for handle
WO2012054326A2 (en) 2010-10-18 2012-04-26 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Carton with handle
US8479973B2 (en) 2011-01-07 2013-07-09 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Carton with handle
MX338719B (es) 2011-03-18 2016-04-28 Meadwestvaco Packaging Systems Caja de carton con asa.
WO2013028504A1 (en) * 2011-08-19 2013-02-28 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Carton with handle
GB201205243D0 (en) 2012-03-26 2012-05-09 Kraft Foods R & D Inc Packaging and method of opening
AU2013203899A1 (en) * 2012-09-03 2014-03-20 Meadwestvaco Packaging Systems, Llc Carton with carrying handle and blank therefor
AU2013203393A1 (en) * 2013-03-01 2014-09-18 Meadwestvaco Packaging Systems, Llc Carton and carton blank
GB2511560B (en) 2013-03-07 2018-11-14 Mondelez Uk R&D Ltd Improved Packaging and Method of Forming Packaging
GB2511559B (en) 2013-03-07 2018-11-14 Mondelez Uk R&D Ltd Improved Packaging and Method of Forming Packaging
US10452238B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2019-10-22 Blue Belt Technologies, Inc. Systems and methods for determining a position for placing of a joint prosthesis
AU2017218126B2 (en) 2016-02-12 2019-11-07 Graphic Packaging International, Llc Carton with handle
CA3012479A1 (en) 2016-02-12 2017-08-17 Graphic Packaging International, Llc Carton with handle
IT201700034957A1 (it) * 2017-03-30 2018-09-30 Colines Spa Confezione con pellicola plastica estensibile ad afferraggio semplificato
EP3743353B1 (en) 2018-01-23 2023-06-21 Graphic Packaging International, LLC Carrier with handle features
USD854412S1 (en) 2018-02-22 2019-07-23 Graphic Packaging International, Llc Carrier
USD867900S1 (en) 2018-03-01 2019-11-26 Graphic Packaging International, Llc Carrier
US10815022B2 (en) * 2018-12-17 2020-10-27 Westrock Shared Services, Llc Retail ready package for carded products

Family Cites Families (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2718301A (en) * 1950-07-08 1955-09-20 Package Machinery Co Package for can goods
US2758547A (en) * 1955-08-04 1956-08-14 Hale Fire Pump Co Priming mechanism for centrifugal pumps
US4558816A (en) * 1984-09-27 1985-12-17 The Mead Corporation Integral carrying handle for a can carton
US4785991A (en) * 1985-11-01 1988-11-22 Manville Corporation Sleeve-type carrier with improved handle
US4679726A (en) * 1986-01-17 1987-07-14 The Mead Corporation End closure structure for an end loading carton
US4653686A (en) * 1986-04-14 1987-03-31 The Mead Corporation Carrying handle for a can carton
USRE33110E (en) * 1986-04-14 1989-11-14 The Mead Corporation Carrying handle for a can carton
US4681252A (en) * 1986-05-15 1987-07-21 The Mead Corporation Carrying handle for can carton
US4684059A (en) * 1986-06-27 1987-08-04 Adolph Coors Company Carton carrying handle
US4706876A (en) * 1986-09-18 1987-11-17 Manville Corporation Sleeve-type carrier handle
US4728026A (en) * 1986-09-18 1988-03-01 Manville Corporation Handle for sleeve-type carrier
US4974771A (en) * 1986-10-07 1990-12-04 International Paper Company Can carrier with integral handle
US4784316A (en) * 1987-01-21 1988-11-15 The C. W. Zumbiel Co. Carton carrying handle
US4811894A (en) * 1987-06-11 1989-03-14 Manville Corporation Sleeve-type carrier handle
US4728025A (en) * 1987-07-27 1988-03-01 The Mead Corporation Carton having end panels and for packaging primary articles of cubical shape
US4838479A (en) * 1988-09-26 1989-06-13 The Mead Corporation Heavy duty carrying handle for a can carton
US4981253A (en) * 1989-06-21 1991-01-01 International Paper Company Can carrier with integral handle
US4958734A (en) * 1989-10-10 1990-09-25 The Mead Corporation End loaded carton having a triple ply wall
US4966324A (en) * 1989-12-21 1990-10-30 Steel Thomas C Integral carrying handle for a can carton and carton blank containing same
US4972991A (en) * 1990-03-09 1990-11-27 Manville Corporation Handle for article carrier
US5002186A (en) * 1990-04-16 1991-03-26 Manville Corporation Article carrier with cushioned panel
US5000313A (en) * 1990-05-29 1991-03-19 The Mead Corporation Can carton
US5106014A (en) * 1990-09-12 1992-04-21 The C. W. Zumbiel Co. Carton carrying handle
US5108030A (en) * 1991-06-25 1992-04-28 Riverwood International Corporation Sleeve-type article carrier
US5222658A (en) * 1992-07-13 1993-06-29 The Mead Corporation Dual slot-strap handle for can carton
US5292059A (en) * 1993-03-18 1994-03-08 The Mead Corporation Tubular carton having triangular corner panels
US5307932A (en) * 1993-05-21 1994-05-03 The Mead Corporation Heavy duty article carrier
US5333734A (en) * 1993-08-19 1994-08-02 The Mead Corporation Heavy duty article carrier for cans arranged in a horizontal position
US5482203A (en) * 1993-09-03 1996-01-09 The Mead Corporation Handle reinforcement for a carton
US5385234A (en) * 1993-09-03 1995-01-31 The Mead Corporation Heavy duty article carrier
US5379944A (en) * 1994-05-26 1995-01-10 The Mead Corporation Heavy duty article carrier
US5480091A (en) * 1995-05-11 1996-01-02 The Mead Corporation Stress-relieving arrangement for carton handles
US5794778A (en) * 1997-02-26 1998-08-18 Riverwood International Corporation Article carrier with strap-type handle and top panel access
US5826783A (en) * 1997-06-09 1998-10-27 The Mead Corporation Two-tier can package having divider panel and method of forming the same
US5996883A (en) * 1997-06-10 1999-12-07 The Mead Corporation Carton and a handle therefor
US5906313A (en) * 1997-06-10 1999-05-25 The Mead Corporation Carton and a handle therefor
US6237330B1 (en) * 1998-04-15 2001-05-29 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Exhaust purification device for internal combustion engine
DE29815677U1 (de) * 1998-09-01 1998-11-19 Fcp Europa Carton Faltschachte Behälterträger
US6021899A (en) * 1999-02-03 2000-02-08 Riverwood International Corporation Wrap-around article carrier
US6109438A (en) * 1999-02-03 2000-08-29 Riverwood International Corporation Wrap-around article carrier
US6126066A (en) * 1999-12-15 2000-10-03 Peterson; Christine L. Tear-stop score encircling single opening carrier handles
US6237839B1 (en) * 2000-10-16 2001-05-29 International Paper Company Paperboard beverage carrier
US6425520B1 (en) * 2000-10-24 2002-07-30 International Paper Company Beverage carrier
US6866186B2 (en) * 2002-10-16 2005-03-15 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Carton with a dispenser in the top panel for dispensing pouches
US6974072B2 (en) * 2003-02-22 2005-12-13 Graphic Packaging International, Inc. Paperboard carton with a new type of dispenser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2008529915A (ja) 2008-08-07
EP1853483B1 (en) 2010-04-21
WO2006091318A1 (en) 2006-08-31
CA2597442A1 (en) 2006-08-31
BRPI0608869B1 (pt) 2018-03-13
ES2339968T3 (es) 2010-05-27
CA2597442C (en) 2011-08-23
AU2006217106A1 (en) 2006-08-31
US20070017962A1 (en) 2007-01-25
EP1853483A1 (en) 2007-11-14
JP4787274B2 (ja) 2011-10-05
DE602006013793D1 (de) 2010-06-02
AU2006217106B2 (en) 2010-07-29
BRPI0608869A2 (pt) 2010-02-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE465093T1 (de) Karton mit seitenfaltengriff
USD585606S1 (en) Canine backpack
DE602006006097D1 (de) Karton mit griff
USD687689S1 (en) Handle for a hand tool
USD593871S1 (en) Container with scissors
CA110573S (en) Bag for cans or bottles
CA123024S (en) Container with lid
CA117106S (en) Bottle
MXPA06011635A (es) Caja de carton y plantilla con estructura de manija reforzada.
CA121924S (en) Bottle
MX2013000150A (es) Bolsa con agarradera secundaria.
CA113830S (en) Combined waste container cover and work surface device
NZ598786A (en) Collapsible cardboard box
CA116860S (en) Floor cleaning machine
UA104433C2 (uk) Контейнер з двома розташованими навпроти кришками
USD541490S1 (en) Stock prod handle
USD610637S1 (en) Hand held exerciser
CA124456S (en) Garbage container
CA127274S (en) Handle
CA130074S (en) Precision hoe opener
CA123606S (en) Key guard cabinet handle
DK2370324T3 (da) Beholder med hængsellåg
CA122170S (en) Lid for a container
CA124825S (en) Vaginal instrument
CA117861S (en) Dispensing closure

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties