AT521589B1 - Stator for an electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a stator (1) for an electrical machine, comprising an essentially hollow-cylindrical laminated core (2) with a plurality of receiving slots (4) arranged in a distributed manner. Several electrical conductor sections (La, Lb) formed by shaped bars for each receiving slot (4) form a stator winding (14) with at least two partial windings (TWa, TWb). The at least two electrical partial windings (TWa, TWb) are each formed by at least a first and a second winding segment (WSa, WSb) electrically connected in series, with conductor sections (La, Lb) of the first winding segment (WSa) being connected by means of first and second electrical connecting sections (VBa, VBb) are electrically connected to one another in such a way that a helical current path (17a) is defined along a first radial direction (18a) to the longitudinal axis (3) of the laminated core (2) and conductor sections (La, Lb) of the second winding segment (WSb) are electrically connected to one another by means of first and second electrical connection sections (VBa, VBb) in such a way that a second helical current path (17b) is defined along an opposite, second radial direction (18b) to the longitudinal axis (3) of the laminated core (2).

Description

description

The invention relates to a stator for an electrical machine and an electrical machine equipped with such a stator.

Stators known from the prior art for electrical machines, in particular for electrical drive motors or generators, typically comprise a hollow-cylindrical laminated core, in whose grooves the electrical stator winding is accommodated. In this case, the stator winding can be composed of a plurality of rod-shaped conductor sections or electrical shaped rods. In designs of the stator winding known from the prior art, for example according to US Pat. No. 9,520,753 B2, the current path of the conductor sections connected in series runs in a meandering manner at least over a partial section of the circumference of the laminated core. These windings can also be referred to as wave windings. Such wave windings are relatively inflexible in terms of their interconnection options.

[0003] DE202016001273U1 discloses a stator for an electrical external rotor radial flux machine. This stator has a multi-phase stator winding made of flexible winding wire, the winding wire being wound onto the individual stator teeth or onto the so-called pole shoes of the laminated core and forming a large number of individual coils. These individual coils can also be referred to as tooth coil windings. A stator constructed in this way is only conditionally suitable for achieving high-volume production figures. In addition, the winding scheme shown is not very flexible in terms of its interconnection options.

US 2012/0161569 A1 shows the stator winding of an electric motor, which consists of several partial windings per phase winding, each partial winding consisting of several winding segments and the winding segments alternately have a helical current path in and against the radial direction. In this case, a purely serial arrangement of the winding segments electrically connected in series is formed. In particular, the third winding segment of a phase winding is arranged in a separate circular sector after the second winding segment:

[0005] JP 2014217136 A and EP 0975082 A2 show further embodiments of stator windings of electrical machines, which stator windings consist of several partial windings.

The object of the present invention was to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide an improved stator that offers great flexibility in terms of its interconnection options and can be manufactured in large numbers as cost-effectively as possible.

[0007] This object is achieved by a stator and an electrical machine according to the claims.

A stator according to the invention for an electrical machine includes

an essentially hollow-cylindrical laminated core with a first and a second axial front end and with a plurality of receiving grooves distributed along a circumferential direction of the laminated core and extending along a longitudinal axis of the laminated core,

- several electrical conductor sections formed by shaped rods per receiving groove, which conductor sections form a stator winding through predetermined electrical connections, which stator winding has several immediately adjacent layers of conductor sections in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis of the laminated core,

- Wherein the stator winding comprises at least two electrical part-windings per phase winding or phase winding, which part-windings are connected in series by several

tete conductor sections are formed, with first and second electrical connection sections between electrically series-connected conductor sections being associated with the first and second axial end faces of the laminated core, and with two series-connected conductor sections defining a pair of shaped rods.

A stator according to the invention is further characterized in that

- the at least two electrical partial windings are each formed by at least a first and a second winding segment electrically connected in series, with conductor sections of the first winding segment being electrically connected to one another by means of the first and second electrical connecting sections in such a way that a helical current path along a first radial direction to the longitudinal axis of the laminated core is defined and conductor sections of the second winding segment are electrically connected to one another by means of the first and second electrical connection sections such that a second helical current path is defined along an opposite, second radial direction to the longitudinal axis of the laminated core.

In addition, it is provided that a winding start of the first partial winding and a winding start of a further partial winding, which is electrically connected in series or electrically parallel to the first partial winding or can be switched, are positioned in such a way that their winding starts are arranged in receiving grooves, which belong to the same phase zone. In particular, it can be expedient if a winding start of the first partial winding and a winding start of a further partial winding, which is or can be connected electrically in series or electrically parallel to the first partial winding, are positioned in the same receiving groove or are assigned to the same receiving groove. This is particularly useful when the partial windings of the stator winding are unstretched. In the operating state of the stator or the electrical machine equipped with it, the maximum voltage difference AU occurring between immediately adjacent conductor sections within the receiving grooves can be kept relatively low—in particular in relation to the radial direction to the longitudinal axis of the laminated core. This has advantages with regard to technically and physically comparatively lower demands on the electrical insulation layer of the conductor sections. For example, this makes it possible to provide relatively thin insulation layers and thus to advantageously improve the fill factor in relation to electrically conductive material per receiving slot.

The effects and technical effects described above can also be achieved if, in relation to receiving grooves with winding starts executed there, or winding ends executed there, only winding beginnings or only winding ends are executed, i.e. generic connections combined in several specific receiving grooves of the laminated core or are grouped with the same species. In this way, in particular, the voltage load between two adjacent conductor sections in each case can be reduced within a receiving groove.

The stator according to the invention is characterized by its great flexibility with regard to the connection options, for example with regard to the possible number of parallel branches or partial windings, with regard to the possibilities of pitching the partial windings and with regard to the number of conductors in the receiving slots. In addition, it is advantageous that the specified winding scheme can be implemented with so-called shaped rods or shaped rod conductors, so that colloquially a pin winding or hairpin winding can be created. This favors a high-volume production of stators with high or consistent manufacturing quality. In particular, a cost reduction in the manufacturing process can also be achieved as a result. In addition, with the specified structure and with the winding pattern described here, a large number of winding specifications can be implemented and a large number of winding specifications can thereby be met.

[0017] The stator winding is made up of several lap windings using form bar technology. In particular, it is intended to use loop windings that can be used in a variety of ways using form rod technology. Individual coils or winding segments connected in series are off

Rod-shaped conductor sections are provided, which are connected in series winding segments under the same pair of poles and define a partial winding of a single phase winding or the stator winding.

In particular, an equal number of parallel branches or partial windings can be implemented as the number of poles of the stator or motor.

In particular, it can be expedient if two immediately consecutive magnetic pole sections are spanned in the circumferential direction of the laminated core from the first and second winding segment. As a result, a partial winding has exactly two pole coverings, so it can extend over a north and a south pole of the stator in relation to a momentary consideration.

In addition, it can be provided that the first winding segment and the second winding segment each have directly consecutive conductor sections with regard to their helical current paths, which directly consecutive conductor sections each have a layer jump with a jump distance amount "one" in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis of the laminated core to each other are offset or spaced apart. This results in a zigzag-like arrangement of the series-connected conductor sections or form rods in a plan view of the end face of the stator, with automated production of the stator winding being able to be favored by this structure.

To construct unstitched stator windings or partial windings, it is possible in a simple manner to assign identical first extension widths to the first and second electrical connecting sections for each winding segment between conductor sections which are electrically connected in series and are spaced apart from one another in the direction of the circumference of the laminated core. In particular, a simple planning or conception of unstretched windings can be achieved by constant jump widths in the number of slots.

For the electrical connection between the first winding segment and the second winding segment, a third electrical connection section can be embodied in a practicable manner, which third electrical connection section has a larger second extent than the first and second electrical connection sections, in particular a comparatively larger jump in the number of slots .

In contrast, to form pitched partial windings, the first and second electrical connection sections in each of their winding segments can have different first extension widths, in particular unequal slot number jump widths, between conductor sections that are spaced apart from one another in the direction of the circumference and are electrically connected in series. With the specified structure, pitched stator windings can also be designed and implemented in a relatively simple manner.

A stator with a pitched stator winding is also characterized in that the number of shortened or lengthened second connection sections in each of the partial windings is identical to the fractional hole number q of the stator. The shortened or lengthened second connecting sections are shorter or longer than the first connecting sections. In particular, the number of fractional holes q is identical to the number of receiving slots per magnetic pole section, per phase winding and per partial winding. The formation of shortened or lengthened connection sections depends on whether the stator winding or the respective partial windings are to be longed to the left or to the right in relation to the circumferential direction of the laminated core.

In order to implement a stator with a fractional number of holes q=3, a third winding segment can be provided in a simple manner, which is electrically connected in series with the second winding segment and is for the most part superimposed on the first winding segment, in particular nested or connected to it. is formed interlocking. This superimposition or overlap can be designed in such a way that a third winding axis of the third winding segment has at least one to a maximum of six receiving grooves that follow one another directly in the circumferential direction of the laminated core compared to a first

Winding axis of the first winding segment is laterally offset.

For the electrical connection between the second winding segment and the third winding segment, a fourth electrical connection section can be formed, which fourth electrical connection section has a smaller or larger third extent compared to the first and second electrical connection sections, in particular a comparatively smaller or larger number of slots. has jump distance. A correspondingly shortened or enlarged fourth electrical connection section is formed exclusively with an integer number of fractional holes q greater than two. This relative shortening or lengthening of the fourth electrical connection section depends on where the winding starts of the partial windings are within the phase zones of the stator winding. Such phase zones can be seen in FIGS. 2, 9 and 10 by the cross-hatched areas or receiving grooves.

In the specified stator can also be achieved that the number of winding segments is identical to the fractional hole number q of the stator, in particular is identical to the number of receiving slots per magnetic pole section, per phase winding and per partial winding.

An advantageous embodiment of the stator can also be characterized in that the current path defined by the first winding segment leads either (i) starting from the radially innermost layer of conductor sections to the radially outermost layer of conductor sections, or vice versa (li) starting from the radially outermost layer of conductor sections leading to the radially innermost layer of conductor sections, is then routed to the second winding segment by means of a third electrical connection section without an offset in position, in particular without a jump in position or without a change in position, and that the current path in the second Winding segment is either (i) guided starting from the radially outermost layer of conductor sections to the radially innermost layer of conductor sections, or vice versa (ii) starting from the radially innermost layer of conductor sections to the radially outermost layer of conductor sections.

According to an advantageous embodiment it can also be provided that two in the electrical current paths immediately following conductor sections and each of these conductor sections electrically connecting each first connecting section are integrally formed, in particular by a so-called hairpin are formed. As a result, rational production can be achieved and the number of contact points required, for example in the form of welded joints, can be reduced as a result.

According to a possible development, it can be provided that the first connecting section has a substantially S-shaped or Z-shaped deformed section in its middle section with respect to a plane running perpendicularly to the longitudinal center axis of the laminated core. This favors the implementation of a layer jump by "one" in relation to the two conductor sections of a U-shaped pair of shaped rods or hairpins.

In a stator constructed according to the specified winding scheme, it can also be provided that each of the receiving slots of the laminated core is completely filled by conductor sections of exactly two parallel partial windings with respect to the radial direction to the longitudinal axis of the laminated core. This means that as a result each receiving groove of the laminated core can be completely occupied by the conductor sections of a maximum of two or only two partial windings arranged in parallel. This can offer advantages in terms of production technology.

According to an expedient measure it can also be provided that the first winding segment and the second winding segment, starting from their respective winding beginnings in the direction of their respective winding ends, are each wound in the same direction, for example each are wound clockwise.

[0033] In addition, it can be expedient if all winding segments of a multi-segmented partial winding are electrically connected in series and, based on their respective

ligen winding beginnings in the direction of their respective winding ends each wound in the same direction, for example, each wound clockwise.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the first and the last conductor section of at least one of the partial windings is each formed by an I-pin, in particular by essentially I-shaped shaped rods, and all conductor sections arranged in between as hairs electrically connected in series -Pins, in particular as U-shaped pairs of shaped rods, are designed. This makes it possible in an advantageous manner to assign the phase or power connections for the partial windings to that axial front end of the stator in which the so-called “crown side” of the stator winding is present. The "crown side" is that front end of the stator in which there are either no or only relatively few welding or connection points between the conductor sections if the stator winding is at least predominantly made up of hairpins.

[0035] As a result, the power connections for applying electrical energy to the phase windings or the partial windings can be constructed reliably and produced in an uncomplicated manner. In addition, as compact as possible a construction of the stator or its axial winding overhangs can be achieved.

The invention also relates to an electrical machine as specified in the claims. The technical effects and advantageous effects that can be achieved in this way can be found in the preceding and following parts of the description.

For a better understanding of the invention, it is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

[0038] They each show in a greatly simplified, schematic and exemplary representation:

[0039] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary stator whose receiving slots are partially provided with electrical conductors, which electrical conductors are to be connected in a defined manner to form a stator winding;

[0040] FIG. 2 shows a winding scheme designed according to the invention for forming a phase winding or a phase winding of a two-pole stator with a three-phase stator winding;

[0041] FIG. 3 shows another type of representation of the winding scheme for a partial winding of the phase winding or the phase winding according to FIG. 2;

[0042] FIGS. 4a, 45 embodiments of so-called hairpins with conductor sections running parallel, which can be part of a phase winding or a phase winding according to FIGS. 2 and 3;

[0043] FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of so-called |-pins, which are formed and electrically connected to one another in such a way that they are similar to a hairpin and can be part of a phase winding or a phase winding according to FIGS. 2 and 3;

[0044] FIG. 6 shows a partial winding of a stator winding, which partial winding comprises two winding segments which are electrically connected in series and are each designed as loop windings and are in the form of rods;

[0045] FIG. 7 shows a partial winding of a stator winding, which partial winding comprises three winding segments which are electrically connected in series and are each designed as lap windings, nested or intermeshing in one another and in the form of rods;

[0046] FIG. 8 shows half of a stator or stator laminated core, in which the partial winding according to FIG. 7 has been inserted or is accommodated therein;

[0047] FIG. 9 shows a winding diagram designed according to the invention with a plurality of partial windings to create a four-pole stator with a three-phase, unstretched stator winding;

[0048] FIG. 10 shows a winding diagram designed according to the invention with a plurality of partial windings to create a four-pole stator with a three-phase, pitched stator winding;

[0049] FIG. 11 shows a winding diagram based on FIG. 2, in which the maximum potential difference occurring between immediately adjacent conductor sections within the receiving slots of the laminated core is kept comparatively small;

[0050] FIG. 12 shows a winding diagram based on FIG. 9, in which the maximum potential difference that occurs between immediately adjacent conductor sections is kept comparatively small;

[0051] FIG. 13 shows the partial windings TWa and TWb according to the winding diagram according to FIG. 11 in a parallel connection, forming a phase winding or a phase winding of a three-phase stator winding in a delta connection.

First of all, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numbers or the same component designations, and the disclosures contained throughout the description can be transferred to the same parts with the same reference numbers or the same component designations. The position information selected in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc., is related to the figure directly described and shown and these position information are to be transferred to the new position in the event of a change of position.

In Fig. 1, a stator 1 is shown very schematically in an oblique view. The stator 1 comprises an essentially hollow-cylindrical laminated core 2 in which a multiplicity of receiving grooves 4 are distributed in the circumferential direction 10 . The receiving grooves 4 are continuous in the longitudinal direction 11 . In Fig. 1 several electrical conductors 8 are shown before their connection to an electrical winding. 1 shows that several electrical conductors 8 can be bent in the circumferential direction 10 of the laminated core 2 to form an electrical coil or winding, and corresponding electrical conductors 8 can be connected to one another.

The receiving grooves 4 of the laminated core 2 can be open in the radial direction 12 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 3 of the stator 1 . Such openings can be designed as an air gap 5 . The areas of the laminated core 2 which delimit the receiving grooves 4 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 3 can be designed as a tooth tip 6 in the direction of the circumference 10 . The groove base 7 is located on the opposite side of the respective receiving groove 4, also known as the yoke side. The exact number of receiving grooves 4 and the electrical conductors 8 accommodated therein depends on the desired size or design of the electrical machine.

In principle, the receiving grooves 4 can have a wide variety of cross-sectional shapes, with corresponding rectangular cross-sections of the receiving grooves 4 having proven effective for receiving electrical conductors 8 . In order to insulate the individual electrical conductors 8 from one another and from the laminated core 2, it is necessary to form at least one insulation layer 9 that is continuously closed without defects in the circumferential direction 10 and in the radial direction 12, in particular to be provided on the lateral surface of the conductors 8, with the electrical conductors 8 being at least within the laminated core 2 in each case are covered with an insulating layer 9.

The essentially hollow-cylindrical laminated core 2 has a first and a second axial front end 13a, 13b. The electrical conductors 8 in the receiving grooves 4 are preferably formed by metallic shaped rods, preferably made of copper or another material with good electrical conductivity. These shaped rods form a plurality of electrical conductor sections La, Lb, which are located at least within the respectively assigned

arranged receiving grooves 4 extend. These conductor sections La, Lob can be defined by so-called I-pins or formed by so-called hair-pins, in which case the conductor sections La, Lb represent the limbs of these essentially U-shaped conductor segments.

The electrical conductor sections La, Lb are therefore arranged several times in each of the receiving grooves 4 and the planned stator winding 14 is built up by predetermined electrical connections between the circularly positioned conductor sections La, Lb, which stator winding 14 serves to generate a circulating magnetic field when the Stator 1 is applied with single or multi-phase electrical energy. As can be seen by way of example from FIG. 1, such a stator winding 14 when ready for use has a plurality of layers L of conductor sections La, Lb immediately adjacent in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis 3 of the laminated core 2 . The supply of single-phase alternating current or multi-phase alternating current (three-phase current) takes place via dedicated connection points, not shown in detail, on the stator winding 14, as is generally known.

In the exemplary stator winding 14 according to FIG. 2, a total of eight layers L1 to L8 are provided. In this case, the layers L1 to L8 are composed of a plurality of conductor sections La, Lb positioned in the receiving grooves 4 . Typically, a practical stator 1 has an even number of layers L, preferably from 4 layers, in particular between 4 and 12 layers. The diameter of the laminated core 2, the number of receiving grooves 4 formed, the number of layers L and the axial length of the stator 1 or laminated core 2 are essentially dependent on the performance data required or the physical requirements of the electrical machine to be assembled exist.

The stator winding 14 comprises at least two partial windings TWa, TWb. A stator 1 constructed according to the invention or its stator winding 14 can in particular have a multiple of two partial windings, in particular two, four, six, eight or even ten partial windings, as is described below. The respective partial windings can be connected in series and/or in parallel for each electrical phase. With the winding scheme given below, it is possible to form single-phase or multi-phase stator windings 14 .

In the case of a multi-phase stator winding 14, each so-called phase winding PW or each phase-associated phase winding can be composed of two or more partial windings TWa to TWx, where x is an even number greater than two. The partial windings TWa to TWx, which represent their own coils from an electrical point of view, can be connected in series and/or in parallel, depending on the requirement or power requirement, or can be switched accordingly by a control unit. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2, only a single phase winding PW or a single phase winding of a stator winding 14 that is provided overall in three phases is shown for the sake of better clarity.

2 shows an advantageous winding diagram for the phase winding or for the phase winding PW of an exemplary two-pole stator winding 14 . This phase winding PW comprises two partial coils or two electrical partial windings TWa, TWb. The two partial windings TWa and TWb can also be referred to as the first and second winding branch or as the first and second parallel path. In this two-pole stator 1, each of the partial windings TWa and TWb extends over the entire circumference, in particular over 360° of the annular laminated core 2. In the exemplary embodiments described below, the individual partial windings only extend over a fraction of the circumference of the laminated core. The laminated core 2 according to FIG. 2 has, for example, eighteen receiving grooves 4, each of the receiving grooves 4 having or receiving eight conductor sections La or Lb, so that the stator winding 14 has a total of eight layers L, which are labeled L1 to L8. Accordingly, a stator winding 14 or a phase winding PW with a total of eight layers L is shown. The position L1 can be understood as the air gap 5—FIG. 1—closest or radially innermost position and the

Position L8 as the groove base 7--FIG. 1--closest or radially outermost position L8 can be understood. The illustrated stator winding 14 or phase winding PW has a so-called fractional number of holes q=3. This means that the number of receiving grooves 4 per magnetic pole section 19a or 19b, per electrical phase or phase winding PW and per partial winding TWa or TWb is exactly “three”. This can also be seen in FIG. 2 from the groups of three of receiving grooves 4, which are provided with cross-hatching.

It can also be seen from FIG. 2 that the two partial windings TWa and TWb shown are associated with the electrical phase U, for example—see the first line in FIG sections or receiving grooves 4 shown to be provided with corresponding further partial windings. In particular, the structure of the phase winding PW shown is repeated for the phase V and for the phase W in the receiving slots 4 with the numbers 4 to 6 and 13 to 15 or 7 to 9 and 16 to 18. In particular, there is only a lateral offset or slot offset to be provided or taken into account, and the structure or scheme of the phase winding PW for phase U is then repeated for the phase windings of phases V and W. The phase windings PW for phases V and W are only not included for better clarity. In particular, it should be noted that in FIG. 2 only one phase winding PW, for example for phase U, is illustrated. The complete, three-phase stator winding is to be connected to a three-phase voltage source, forming a magnetically two-pole stator 1 or setting up a two-pole rotating magnetic field.

Each of the partial windings TWa and TWb of the stator winding 14 and the phase winding PW is formed by a plurality of conductor sections La and Lb connected in series. These conductor sections La and Lb can be part of an integrally constructed or one-piece line segment, in particular a so-called hair pin, as shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b. Alternatively, the conductor sections La and Lb can also be formed by so-called I-pins, as illustrated in FIG. Accordingly, the conductor sections La and Lb can be defined by the legs of a substantially U-shaped line segment, in particular by a so-called hair pin—FIGS. 4a, 4b. However, the conductor sections La and Lb can also be defined by the central section of so-called |pins, which are electrically connected in series—Fig. 5.

The partial windings TWa and TWb are each formed by a plurality of series-connected conductor sections La and Lb, with first and second electrical connecting sections VBa, VBb between electrically series-connected conductor sections La, Lb alternating between the first and second axial front ends 13a, 13b of the laminated core 2 - Fig. 1 - are assigned closest. The first connecting sections VBa form an electrical connection between directly consecutive conductor sections La and Lb. In contrast, the second connecting sections VBb form an electrical connection between a conductor section Lb and a conductor section La which is serially connected thereto. According to FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5, the two conductor sections La and Lb are electrically connected in series by means of the connecting section VBa and thereby define a pair of shaped bars 16. Such a pair of shaped bars 16 can be connected via the connecting section VBb to a serially connected or immediately adjacent pair of shaped bars 16 can be electrically connected in series, so that a so-called lap winding 15 can be constructed overall, as illustrated by way of example in FIGS. In FIG. 2, the first connecting sections VBa are represented by narrow solid lines or arrows, while the second connecting sections VBb are illustrated by comparatively wide solid lines or arrows. The narrow lines can be mentally assigned to the first axial front end 13a lying closest, while the broad lines are mentally assigned to the second axial front end 13b of the stator 1 (FIG. 1).

The rectangles with dot hatching shown in FIG. 2 symbolize contact points, in particular weld points, within the second electrical connection sections VBb. The conductor sections La and Lb provided according to FIG. 2 are therefore partial

Sections of so-called hair pins, as illustrated in FIGS. 4a, 4b by way of example. The zones with diagonal hatching shown in FIG. 2 each show the beginning of the winding of the partial windings TWa and TWb, while the zones with vertical hatching represent the respective winding ends of the partial windings TWa and TWb. These hatching assignments also apply to the winding schemes according to Figs. 9 and 10.

With regard to the alternative representation to FIG. 2 in FIG. 3, a pair of shaped rods 16, which is formed from the conductor sections La and Lb, can be identified by a pair of cross and/or ring symbols. Such a pair of cross and/or ring symbols have identical numbers and a same preceding letter. For example, the two cross symbols labeled A4 define such a pair of shaped bars 16 made up of conductor sections La, Lb. Furthermore, the pairs of conductor bars at A3-A3, A2-A2 and A1A1, for example, each form a pair of shaped bars 16 with a first conductor section La in the receiving groove numbered 1 and a second conductor portion Lb in the receiving groove numbered 10. The electrical connection between two conductor sections La, Lb of a pair of shaped bars 16, for example in relation to the pair of shaped bars 16 between the identifiers A1, is referred to as the connecting section VBa. In contrast, an electrical transition or connection section between a serially adjoining or electrically series-connected subsequent pair of shaped rods 16, for example with reference to identifiers A2-A2, is defined or formed by the electrical connection section VBb. The first connecting sections VBa can be assigned closest to the first axial front end 13a of the laminated core 2 and the second connecting sections VBb can be assigned close to the second axial front end 13b of the laminated core 2 - FIG.

It is essential, as can be seen from Fig. 2 or also from Figs. 3 and 6, 7, that the at least one electrical partial winding TWa or each of the implemented partial windings TWa to TWx of a stator winding 14 or The phase winding PW is formed at least by a first and a second winding segment WSa, WSb electrically connected in series. The index "x" stands here and also below for a counter variable. Conductor sections La, Lb of the first winding segment WSa are electrically connected to one another by means of the first and second electrical connection sections VBa, VBb in such a way that a helical current path 17a runs along a first radial direction 18a to the longitudinal axis 3 of the laminated core 2 - see the lower section of Fig. 3 - is defined. In addition, conductor sections La, Lb of the second winding segment WSb are electrically connected to one another by means of the first and second electrical connection sections VBa, VBb in such a way that a second helical current path 17b is defined. This second helical current path 17b runs along an opposite, second radial direction 18b to the longitudinal axis 3 of the laminated core 2. The first radial direction 18a can be defined in relation to a radial reduction compared to the longitudinal axis 3, while the opposite second radial direction 18b has a radial increase compared to the Longitudinal axis 3 of the laminated core 2 can mean. However, an inverse directional assignment with respect to the current paths 17a and 17b is also possible. The second winding segment WSb is arranged laterally offset relative to the first winding segment WSa in relation to the circumferential direction 10 of the laminated core, in particular received entirely in receiving grooves 4 that are different or altogether different from the first winding segment WSa.

As can be seen above all from FIG. 2, the first and the second winding segment WSa, WSb, which together form part of the partial winding TWa or TWb, extend over a total of two magnetic pole sections 19a directly following one another in the circumferential direction 10 and 19b. Thus, such a partial winding TWa or TWb has a pole coverage of "two", as can best be seen from FIG. In other words, each of the formed partial windings TWa to TWx extends over a pair of magnetic poles, ie over two pole sections 19a and 19b directly following one another in the circumferential direction 10 of the laminated core 2 . Even with stator windings 14 which have an even multiple of "two" as the number of poles (four, six, eight poles

etc.), the respective partial windings TWa to TWx always extend over a pair of magnetic poles, i.e. over two directly consecutive poles of the stator 1 to be formed, as can also be seen from the following exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 9 and 10.

As can also be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, the first winding segment WSa and the second winding segment WSb have conductor sections La and Lb that follow one another directly in relation to their helical current paths 17a, 17b, which conductor sections La, Lb are arranged offset from one another in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis 3 of the laminated core 2 by a layer jump with a jump distance amount “one”. According to the example, the conductor section Lb with the identifier A1 is recorded in the layer L2, while the conductor section La with the identifier A1 is recorded in the layer L1. This scheme continues for all conductor sections La and Lb of the winding segment WSa or WSb. This also applies to the third winding segment WSc, which will be described below.

[0070] As can also best be seen from a combination of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, to create an unstitched stator winding 14 or to create unstitched part-seam windings TWa to TWx, it can be provided that the first and second electrical connection sections VBa, VBb have identical first extents 20a, 20b for each winding segment WSa, WSb (Fig. 3, top). These extension widths 20a, 20b between the conductor sections La, Lb directly following one another can also be referred to as the number of slots jump width or frequently also as the coil width. According to the example, the extents 20a, 20b of the first and second winding segments WSa, WSb each amount to ten receiving slots. In particular, the exemplary extent 20a, 20b between the conductor sections La, Lb, which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction 10 and electrically connected in series, is 10. However, depending on the dimensioning or design of the stator 1, extents 20a, 20b deviating from 10 are also possible.

The partial winding TWa shown as an example in FIGS. 2, 3 also includes a third electrical connection section VBc, which establishes an electrical connection between the first and the second winding segment WSa, WSb. This third electrical connection section VBc has a larger, second extent 20c than the first and second electrical connection sections VBa, VBb. According to the example, this second extent 20c amounts to 11, in particular the third electrical connection section VBc extends between eleven directly consecutive receiving grooves. In particular, this means a comparatively larger number of slots or jump distance than in the case of the electrical connection sections VBa and VBb.

2, 3, the at least one partial winding TWa or each of the existing partial windings TWa to TWx of a stator winding 14 can include a third winding segment WSc. This creates a number of fracture holes of q=3. This third winding segment WSc is electrically connected in series with the second winding segment WSb. In addition, this third winding segment WSc is structurally superimposed on the first winding segment WSa for the most part. In particular, the third winding segment WSc is nested or interwoven with the first winding segment WSa, as can be seen from the illustrations in FIGS. 2 and 3 but also in the illustration in FIG. In particular, it is provided that a third winding axis WAc of the third winding segment WSc is laterally offset by at least one or at least two to a maximum of six directly consecutive receiving slots 4 relative to a first winding axis WAa of the first winding segment WSa in the circumferential direction 10 of the laminated core 2. The third winding segment WSc is therefore superimposed on the first winding segment WSa with respect to its predominant base or effective area or is more or less intertwined with it. At a significantly lower area or In the active component, the third winding segment WSc is superimposed on the second winding segment WSb or intertwined with it, as can best be seen from the representation according to FIG.

A fourth electrical connection section VBd is formed for the electrical connection between the second winding segment WSb and the third winding segment WSc. Compared to the first and second electrical connection sections VBa, VBb, this fourth electrical connection section VBd has, for example, a smaller, third extent 20d. According to the example, this comparatively smaller or lower third extent 20d is designed over a slot number increment of “8”. Alternatively, this fourth electrical connection section VBd can also have a comparatively larger or longer extent 20d. This occurs when the winding starts and winding ends of the respective partial windings TWa to TWc are chosen differently, in particular in opposite directions. Such a shortened or lengthened fourth electrical connection section VBd is formed exclusively when there is an integer number of fractional holes greater than two or when three winding segments WSa, WSb and WSc are connected in series with one another. In particular, it is expedient or characteristic that the number of winding segments WSa, WSb, WSc, WSx is identical to the number of fractional holes q in the stator 1 or the stator winding 14. The number of fractional holes is to be understood as meaning the number of receiving grooves 4 per pole section 19a or 19b and per phase winding PW or per strand of the stator winding 14 . Accordingly, the number of fractional holes is q=2 for two winding segments WSa, WSb. In another exemplary embodiment, the number of fractional holes can be q=4, and four winding segments WSa, WSb, WSc, WSd are formed.

The corresponding relationships can also be presented in tabular form as follows:

Number of fractional holes q | Number of winding Number of third Number of fourth segments electrical connection electrical connection WSa to WSx per sections sections pole pair and per (VBc) per winding |(VBd) per winding part winding segment and per pole |segment and per

pair of pole pairs 212 1 313 at least 1 1 414 2 at least 1 515 at least 2 2 616 3 at least 2

It can thus also be stated that the at least one partial winding TWa of the stator winding 14 or a phase winding PW comprises a first winding segment WSa, with the current path 17a defined by the first winding segment WSa either (i) starting from the radially innermost layer L1 (air gap side) of conductor sections La, Lb to the radially outermost layer L8 (yoke side) of conductor sections La, Lb, or vice versa (ii) starting from the radially outermost layer L8 (yoke side) of conductor sections La, Lb to the radially innermost layer L1 ( air gap side) of conductor sections La, Lb, and then without an offset in position L, i.e. without a jump in position or without a change in position L, by means of the third electrical connection section VBc, which is also referred to as an extended or comparatively longer connection section can, is led to the second winding segment WSb. The current path 17b in the second winding segment WSb is then routed (i) starting from the radially outermost layer L8 (yoke side) of conductor sections La, Lb to the radially innermost layer L1 (air gap side) of conductor sections La, Lb, or vice versa (ii) starting from the radially innermost layer L1 (air gap side) of conductor sections La, Lb to the radially outermost layer L8 (yoke side) of conductor sections La, Lb.

In addition, it can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3 that the first winding segment WSa and the second winding segment WSb, starting from their respective winding starts 21 (A1) and 22 (A5) in the direction of their respective winding ends 23 (A4) and 24

(A8) are each wound in the same direction, for example each wound in a clockwise direction. Alternatively, it would also be possible to implement it in the same direction to the left or uniformly in each case to the left.

In order to form a desired stator winding 14 or phase winding PW, it can be expedient for all winding segments WSa, WSb, WSc, WSx of a multi-segmented partial winding TWa to TWx to be electrically connected in series and, starting from their respective winding start 21, 22, 25 are wound in the same direction in the direction of their respective winding ends 23, 24, 26, for example wound or running in a clockwise direction.

As can best be seen from FIG. 2, the second partial winding TWb has a double mirror-image structure or course in relation to the first partial winding TWa. In this exemplary embodiment, the second partial winding TWb is laterally offset relative to the first partial winding TWa in the circumferential direction 10 by a single receiving groove 4 . There is thus a slot number jump width of “one” between the partial windings TWa and TWb, which are physically arranged in parallel and are nested in one another, as can be seen from FIG. The imaginary first mirror axis is defined by the longitudinal axis 3 of the laminated core 2 . The imaginary second mirror axis runs along the circumferential direction 10 of the laminated core 2. The first and second partial windings TWa and TWb form an associated or corresponding pair of partial windings and extend over exactly one pole pair of the laminated core 2, in particular over two consecutive pole sections 19a and 19a 19b.

A partial winding TWa, TWb, TWc or TWa to TWx can also be defined in that the voltage induced by it, which is a vector variable, is equal in magnitude and phase to the induced voltages of the other partial windings within the phase winding PW. Their associated conductors of the same receiving groove each take care of the different amplitudes of the induced voltages.

The stator winding 14 or its partial windings TWa to TWx can be built up by form rod conductors or conductor sections La, Lb, which are known as hair pins - Fig. 4a, Fig. 4b - or as so-called I pins - Fig. 5 - are executed. In a hair-pin conversion according to FIGS. 4a, 4b, there are two directly consecutive conductor sections La, Lb in the electrical current paths 17a, 17b, 17c (FIG. 3) and a first connecting section electrically connecting each of these conductor sections La, Lb VBa designed in one piece. As illustrated in FIG. 5, so-called I-pins can also be used, the middle sections of which each represent the conductor sections La, Lb and whose shaped and preferably welded first end sections define the first electrical connection section VBa. The second end sections of the conductor sections La, Lb lying opposite the first end sections define the second connection sections VBb for the electrical connection to a further I or hair pin to be connected in series. According to FIG. 4a, the second connecting sections VBb can be reshaped in such a way that they face one another. According to FIG. 45, however, the second connecting sections VBb can also be shaped in such a way that they run parallel to one another or point in the same directions.

The rectangles shown in FIG. 2 and in FIGS. 9, 10 and provided with dot hatching on the broad lines or in the middle section of the respective arrows symbolize contact points, in particular weld points, between two second electrical connection sections VBb from electrically in series connected, essentially congruently positioned form rod pairs 16, as illustrated schematically in Fig. 4a. 2 and FIGS. 9, 10 thus show the use of hairpins or one-piece, essentially U-shaped pairs of shaped rods 16. FIG.

It can be expedient if each of the winding segments WSa, WSb and WSc or WSa to WSx extends over more than two, i.e. at least over three, directly adjacent receiving grooves 4 in relation to the circumferential direction 10 of the laminated core 2. Thus, the first and second spans 20a and 20b are the first and second

electrical connection sections VBa and VBb greater than or equal to three times the transverse or lateral distance between two immediately adjacent receiving grooves 4 of the laminated core 2.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the jump widths in the number of slots of the connection sections VBa and VBb or of the directly consecutive conductor sections La and Lb are, for example, “nine”.

6 shows an exemplary embodiment of a partial winding of a stator winding 14, for example a partial winding TWa. This basic structure is repeated in a corresponding manner for the partial windings TWb to TWx. The partial winding TWa shown is designed using form rod technology and includes a plurality of hair pins electrically connected in series. The winding scheme shown results in a fractional number of holes q=2, since the number of directly consecutive receiving slots is 4 per magnetic pole and phase "2". In comparison, in the partial winding TWa according to FIG. 7, the so-called fractional number of holes is q=3. The winding segments WSa and WSb of the partial winding TWa according to FIG. 6 and also the winding segments WSa, WSb and WSc of the partial winding TWa according to FIG. The winding segments WSa and WSb (FIG. 6) or the winding segments WSa, WSb and WSc (FIG. 7) are each electrically connected in series.

As can best be seen from FIG. 7, the third winding segment WSc is arranged in an interleaved manner in relation to the first winding segment WSa, in particular positioned so as to largely overlap in relation to the first winding segment WSa. Their winding axes WAa and WAc are offset from one another in the circumferential direction 10 by a number of receiving grooves 4 corresponding to the number of fractional holes q−1, for example by two receiving grooves 4 laterally offset.

According to an appropriate measure, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 is best seen, it can also be provided that the first connecting sections VBa of the individual hair pins or form rod pairs 16 in their middle section with respect to a perpendicular to Plane 27 running along the central longitudinal axis of the laminated core is to be provided with an essentially S-shaped or Z-shaped deformed section 28 . As a result, the connecting sections VBa are shaped in such a way that a jump in position by “one” can be implemented in an orderly manner in relation to directly consecutive line sections La and Lb of a hair pin.

The winding segments WSa, WSb and WSc, each designed as loop windings 15 in FIGS or WAc formed rod pairs 16 arranged in a row and electrically connected in series.

FIG. 8 shows how the partial winding TWa according to FIG. 7 can be inserted into a laminated core 2 in order to form a partial component of a stator 1. Merely for the sake of better clarity, only half of a stator 1 has been illustrated here. The laminated core 2 according to FIG. 8 has, for example, a total of 72 receiving grooves 4 and is provided for converting a total of three-phase stator winding with eight magnetic poles.

In Fig. 9, among other things, the winding scheme of the partial winding TWa is illustrated, which partial winding TWa is then shown in Figs. 7 and 8 physically implemented. 7 and 8 illustrate, among other things, a partial winding TWa, which represents a partial component of a stator winding to be constructed.

The winding scheme shown in FIG. 9 is designed to provide four magnetic poles and is designed for a laminated core 2 with 36 receiving slots 4 . Merely for the sake of completeness, it is noted that the winding diagram according to FIG. 9 shows only a single phase winding PW of a stator winding 14 to be produced. This phase winding PW comprises four partial windings TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd, which extend over a total of 360° of the circumferential direction 10 of a laminated core 2 with a total of 36 receiving slots 4.

cken.

These four partial windings TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd result in a four-pole stator winding 14, ie a stator 1 with a number of pole pairs of “two”. The structural design of the partial winding TWc is identical to the structural design of the partial winding TWa. The same applies to the partial windings TWb and TWd. However, the partial windings TWa and TWc or TWb and TWd are offset or spaced apart from one another with respect to the circumferential direction 10 . The extent of this lateral offset depends on the desired number of pole pairs and number of slots of the stator 1 to be produced.

10 shows a further embodiment of a stator winding 14, which may be independent of itself, with the same reference numerals or component designations as in the preceding figures being used again for the same parts. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, reference is made to the detailed description in the preceding figures.

In particular, FIG. 10 shows a winding diagram for forming a pitched stator winding 14, only a single phase winding PW of a three-phase, four-pole stator 1 being shown here as well. The present winding scheme can therefore also be used to form pitched stator windings 14 or pitched partial windings TWa to TWx.

To form pitched partial windings TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd, the first and second electrical connection sections VBa, VBb in each of their winding segments WSa, WSb, WSc have different first extension widths 20a and 20b between spaced apart in the circumferential direction 10, electrically in Series-connected conductor sections La, Lb. Specifically, in the shown embodiment, slot number pitches of 15 are provided with respect to the first connection portions VBa, and slot number pitches of 13 are provided with respect to the second connection portions VBb.

It is also characteristic that the number of shortened or - as explained below - lengthened second connection sections VBb in each of the partial windings TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd, which shortened or lengthened second connection sections VBb compared to the first connection sections VBa are shorter or longer, is identical to the fractional hole number q of the stator 1. In particular, the number of shortened or lengthened second connecting sections VBb is identical to the number of receiving grooves 4 per magnetic pole section 19a or 19b, per phase winding PW and per partial winding TWa, TWb, TWc or TWd.

It should be noted that in the case of a pitched stator winding 14 or in the case of pitched partial windings TWa to TWx, the lateral offset or jump in relation to the receiving grooves 4 can be optionally defined. In Figure 10, the cross-hatched cells jump "right" but could also jump "left". In Fig. 10, the gray colored cells show a staircase starting on the right. Alternatively, the pitch of the partial windings TWa to TWx can also be made with an extended winding step. The cross-hatched cells would then show a staircase starting on the left. Accordingly, as an alternative to the scheme according to FIG. 10, extended connection sections VBb are also possible.

In summary, it can be stated that the winding scheme is characterized in that a layer jump is carried out per U-shaped pair of shaped rods 16 or per hair pin and that a complete parallel branch or a complete partial winding TWa to TWx per phase winding PW at least one or exactly one pair of poles 19a and 19b in the circumferential direction of the laminated core 2 covers. In the case of an unstitched stator winding 14, the occurring U-shaped pairs of shaped bars 16 have the same pitch. The ends of the form bar pairs 16, which are connected radially in series and in a zigzag shape, result in winding segments WSa to WSx, which are located on the air gap side 5 or slot base side 7 (Fig. 1) in the corresponding top and bottom layer (layer facing the stator yoke and layer facing the air gap). at least one shortened and one lengthened winding step with shortened

Extent 20d or extended extent 20c. In this case, the uppermost or also the lower layer can contain the shortened winding step or vice versa.

The winding scheme is also distinguished by the fact that when a long winding is implemented, there are correspondingly shortened winding steps, with at least the number and the number of fractional holes q. The number of fractional holes q is the number of slots per phase, per magnetic pole of the winding and per partial winding.

Furthermore, the winding scheme is characterized in that the U-shaped pairs of shaped rods (hairpins) connected in series and connected in series to a parallel branch (partial winding) or the current paths formed therewith are at least from an outer (top or bottom) layer to the radially opposite innermost (bottom or top) layer - expediently in the above-mentioned zigzag shape - then with a shortened or lengthened winding step, without a position jump, to the neighboring magnetic pole in the circumferential direction, and from there again, but in opposite directions , to lead from the outer layer to the opposite layer.

The above implementation with U-shaped pairs of shaped rods 16 (hair pins) can also be represented or implemented with I-shaped shaped rods (I-pins).

An unstitched winding is generally to be understood as meaning windings or coils in which the coil width, which is related to the circumferential direction 10 of the laminated core 2, is equal to the pole pitch. The pole pitch is the center distance between consecutive magnetic poles. The coil width is to be understood as meaning the extension widths 20a and 20b mentioned above. On the other hand, in the case of pitched windings or coils, the coil width is smaller (or larger) than the pole pitch.

11 shows another advantageous embodiment of the winding scheme. The same reference numbers are used for parts that have already been described above, and the previous parts of the description can be transferred to the same parts with the same reference numbers.

The advantageous technical effects of an embodiment according to FIG. 11 can be illustrated in comparison to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the voltage difference AU (Delta U) between two immediately adjacent, i.e. directly adjacent, conductor sections La or Lb within a receiving slot 4 can be up to the full phase or line-to-line voltage U1:-.2 (Fig. 13 - arrows represented by dashed lines) if, for example, the partial windings TWa and TWb are electrically connected in parallel and form a phase winding of a stator winding 14 in a delta connection, as is shown schematically in FIG. In particular, in the embodiment according to FIG. 2, for example, the entire phase or line-to-line voltage U1+-.2 is present between the immediately adjacent conductor sections La with the designations A1 and B12 in the receiving groove 4 with the number 1 (for the phase U). The same applies, for example, to the directly adjacent conductor sections La with the designations B1 and A12 in the receiving groove 4 with the number 3 for the electrical phase U, as can also be seen from a synopsis with FIG. 13 (arrows shown in dashed lines). The insulating layer 9 on the lateral surfaces of the conductor sections La or Lb must therefore be designed for this relatively high electrical potential difference, as occurs in the embodiment according to FIG. For example, a correspondingly large thickness of the insulation layer 9—FIG. 1—is to be provided on the lateral surfaces of the conductor sections La and Lb.

In contrast, in the advantageous embodiment according to FIG. 11, the maximum voltage difference AU occurring between directly adjacent conductor sections La or Lb (see the upper section of FIG. 11) can be significantly reduced or lowered. In particular, in the embodiment according to FIG. 11, which, analogously to FIG. approx. 33%) of the phase or line-to-line voltage U1{-.2 is reduced

be - see, for example, the immediately adjacent conductor sections La or Lb with the designation A1 and B4 in the receiving groove 4 with the number 1 (for the phase U) in Fig. 11 in conjunction with Fig. 13. In particular, the physical loads of the Insulation layer 9 is reduced or the requirements for the electrotechnical insulation properties of the conductor sections La, Lb are advantageously lowered. Ultimately, this makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the insulation layer and consequently to increase the fill factor of electrically conductive material in the receiving grooves 4 .

This advantageous reduction of the maximum occurring potential difference AU between immediately adjacent conductor sections La and Lb lying next to one another without a gap can be achieved in that a winding start 21a of the first partial winding TWa and a winding start 21b of a further partial winding TWb, TWc, TWd, which can be electrically connected in series or electrically in parallel or is connected to the first partial winding TWa, are positioned in such a way that these winding starts 21a and 21b (FIGS. 11, 12) are arranged in receiving slots 4 which belong to the same phase zone Pz. A phase zone Pz includes those receiving grooves 4 or all those conductor sections La or Lb arranged therein which are assigned to the same phase U, V or W and belong to the same magnetic pole or pole section 19a or 19b of the stator 1, and thus in the operating state of the stator 1 are current-carrying in the same direction. In the representations in FIGS. 2 and 9-12, the phase zones Pz for the phase U can be seen through the areas or receiving grooves 4 with cross-hatching.

It can also be expedient if a winding start 21a of the first partial winding TWa is in the radially innermost layer L1 and a winding start 21b of the further partial winding TWb, which is to be connected electrically in series or electrically in parallel with the first partial winding TWa, in the radially outermost layer L8 as illustrated in Figs. 11,12. However, an inverse assignment to this is also possible, in which the beginning of the winding 21a is assigned to the radially outermost layer L8 and the beginning of the winding 21b is assigned to the radially innermost layer L1 of the stator winding 14 . Accordingly, the winding starts 21a, 21b of two partial windings TWa, TWb to be electrically connected in series or electrically in parallel are formed on the one hand in the radially innermost layer L1 and on the other hand in the radially outermost layer L8 of the stator winding 14 .

Especially when the partial windings TWa-TWx of the stator winding 14 are designed as unstretched windings (Fig. 2, 3, 9, 11, 12), it may be useful if a winding beginning 21a of the first partial winding TWa and a The start of the winding 21b of a further partial winding TWb-TWx, which can be or is connected electrically in series or electrically in parallel with the first partial winding TWa, is positioned or arranged in the same receiving groove 4. As can be seen from FIG. 11, for example, the winding start 21a of the partial winding TWa (A1) and the winding start 21b of the partial winding TWb (B1) are selected in such a way that they are assigned to the same receiving slot 4, for example the slot with the number 1 is assigned.

Analogously to the system with regard to the winding starts 21a, 21b, a winding end 26a (A12) of the first partial winding TWa and a winding end 26b (B12) of a further, serially or parallel connected partial winding TWb-TWx are then positioned in the same, i.e. identical, receiving groove 4 11 and 12 based on the receiving groove 4 with the number 12 (for the phase U) can be seen.

With regard to the exemplary embodiments according to FIG. 11 and FIG. 21b (see fields A1, B1 or C1, D1), or with winding ends 26a, 26b running there (see fields A12, B12 or C12, D12) only winding starts 21a, 21b (A1, B1; A1, D1 ; B1, C1) or only winding ends 26a, 26b (A12, B12; C12, D12). Accordingly, in those receiving grooves 4, in which power connections for supplying electrical energy to the stator winding 14

are provided, either only winding beginnings 21a, 21b or only winding ends 26a, 26b are implemented, as can be seen in FIG. 11 and FIG. In particular, a generic sorting or grouping of the winding starts 21a, 21 and the winding ends 26a, 26b is provided in relation to the receiving grooves 4 of the laminated core 2 that are used in each case.

12 shows a winding diagram or an embodiment of a stator 1 with four partial windings TWa-TWd and four magnetic poles, i.e. 2 pole pairs. The structural measures or rules described above can be used in an analogous manner in this embodiment. Here, too, the respective winding starts 21b of the at least one further partial winding TWb-TWx within the phase zone Pz are selected in such a way that there is a significant reduction in the electrical potential differences AU between two adjacent conductor sections within the respective receiving grooves 4 . Depending on the winding scheme, this reduction in the voltage load on the insulation layer 9 can be 50% or more than 50%, in particular approximately 66%, as can be seen from FIG.

According to a practicable embodiment, a mixed use of hair pins shown as an example in FIG. 4 and of I pins shown as an example in FIG. In particular, it can be provided that the first and the last conductor section La, Lb of at least one of the partial windings TWa-TWx, in particular of all partial windings TWa-TWx of the stator winding 14, are each formed by an IPin, in particular by I-shaped shaped rods. In contrast, all of the conductor sections La, Lb arranged in between are designed as hairpins electrically connected in series, in particular as U-shaped pairs of shaped rods 16 .

The presented winding scheme or the specified stator winding 14 and the stator 1 constructed therewith have been described and illustrated in connection with an internal rotor or internal rotor motor. However, this winding technology can also be used for an internal stator and an external rotor (external rotor motor).

The scope of protection is determined by the claims. However, the description and drawings should be used to interpret the claims.

Finally, for the sake of order, it should be pointed out that some elements are shown not to scale and/or enlarged and/or reduced in size for a better understanding of the structure.

REFERENCE LIST

1 stator 28 forming section 2 laminated core PW phase winding 3 longitudinal axis TWa, TWb partial windings 4 slot TWc, TWd partial windings 5 air gap WSa first winding segment 6 tooth tip WSb second winding segment 7 Mgroove base WSc third winding segment 8 electrical conductor L layers 9 insulation layer La, LO _ conductor sections 10 circumferential direction VBa , VBb electrical connection 11 longitudinal sections 12 radial direction VBc, VBc electrical connection 13a, 13b axial end sections 14 stator winding WAa first winding axis 15 lap winding WAb second winding axis 16 pair of form bars WAc third winding axis 17a, 17b current paths Pz phase zone

17c current path 18a, 18b radial directions 19a, 19b pole sections 20a, 20b first extent 20c second extent 20d third extent 21; 21a, 210 start of winding 22 start of winding 23 end of winding 24 end of winding 25 start of winding 26; 26a, 26b winding end 27 plane

Claims (21)

patent claims 1. Stator (1) for an electrical machine, comprising - an essentially hollow-cylindrical laminated core (2) with a first and a second axial front end (13a, 13b) and with a plurality of laminated cores (2) distributed along a circumferential direction (10). and receiving grooves (4) extending along a longitudinal axis (3) of the laminated core (2), - several electrical conductor sections (La, Lb) formed by shaped bars for each receiving groove (4), which conductor sections (La, Lb) form a stator winding through predetermined electrical connections (14), which stator winding (14) has several layers (L) of conductor sections (La, Lb) immediately adjacent in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis (3) of the laminated core (2), - the stator winding (14) having at least two electrical partial windings (TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd) per phase winding (PW), which partial windings (TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd) are formed by a plurality of series-connected conductor sections (La, Lb), with first un d second electrical connection sections (VBa, VBb) between conductor sections (La, Lb) electrically connected in series are associated with the first and the second axial front end (13a, 13b) of the laminated core (2), and wherein two conductor sections (La, Lb) define a pair of shaped bars (16), and wherein - the at least two electrical partial windings (TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd) are each formed by at least a first and a second winding segment (WSa, WSb) electrically connected in series, with conductor sections ( La, Lb) of the first winding segment (WSa) are electrically connected to one another by means of the first and second electrical connection sections (VBa, VBb) in such a way that a helical current path (17a) along a first radial direction (18a) to the longitudinal axis (3) of the laminated core ( 2) is defined and conductor sections (La, Lb) of the second winding segment (WSb) by means of the first and second electrical connection sections (VBa, VBb) de rart are electrically connected to one another in that a second helical current path (17b) is defined along an opposite, second radial direction (18b) to the longitudinal axis (3) of the laminated core (2), characterized in that a winding start (21a) of the first partial winding (TWa ) and a winding start (21b) of a further partial winding (TWb, TWc, TWd), which is or can be connected electrically in series or electrically in parallel with the first partial winding (TWa), are positioned in such a way that the winding starts (21a, 21b) thereof are in Receiving grooves (4) are arranged, which belong to the same phase zone (Pz). 2. Stator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second winding segments (WSa and WSb) span two immediately consecutive magnetic pole sections (19a, 19b) in the circumferential direction (10) of the laminated core (2). 3. Stator according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first winding segment (WSa) and the second winding segment (WSb) each have directly consecutive conductor sections (La, Lb) with respect to their helical current paths (17a, 17b) which directly successive conductor sections (La, Lb) are each offset by a layer jump with a jump distance amount "one" in the radial direction to the longitudinal axis (3) of the laminated core (2). 4. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in order to form non-stretched partial windings (TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd), the first and second electrical connection sections (VBa, VBb) for each winding segment (WSa, WSb) have identical first extents (20a , 20b) between conductor sections (La, Lb) which are electrically connected in series and are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction (10). 5. Stator according to claim 4, characterized in that for the electrical connection between the first winding segment (WSa) and the second winding segment (WSb) a third electrical connection section (VBc) is formed, which third electrical connection section (VBc) has a larger or smaller second extent (20c) compared to the first and second electrical connection sections (VBa, VBb). 6. Stator according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that for the formation of pitched partial windings (TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd) first and second electrical connection sections (VBa, VBb) in each of their winding segments (WSa, WSb) are different from one another have first extents (20a and 20b) between conductor sections (La, Lb) which are electrically connected in series and are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction (10). 7. Stator according to claim 6, characterized in that the number of shortened or lengthened second connection sections (VBb) in each of the partial windings (TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd), which shortened or lengthened second connection sections (VBb) compared to the first connection sections (VBa) are shorter or longer, is identical to the number of fractional holes q in the stator (1), in particular is identical to the number of receiving slots (4) per magnetic pole section (19a or 19b), per phase winding (PW) and per partial winding (TWa , TWb, TWc, TWd). 8. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a third winding segment (WSc) is provided, which is electrically connected in series with the second winding segment (WSb) and the first winding segment (WSa) is for the most part superimposed, in particular by a third winding axis (WAc) of the third winding segment (WSc) is laterally offset by at least one to a maximum of six receiving grooves (4) directly following one another in the circumferential direction (10) of the laminated core (2) relative to a first winding axis (WAa) of the first winding segment (WSa). 9. Stator according to Claim 8, characterized in that a fourth electrical connection section (VBd) is designed for the electrical connection between the second winding segment (WSb) and the third winding segment (WSc), which fourth electrical connection section (VBd) compared to the first and second electrical connection section (VBa, VBb) has a smaller or larger third extent (20d). 10. Stator according to claim 9, characterized in that a shortened or enlarged fourth electrical connection section (VBd) is formed exclusively with an integer number of fractional holes q greater than two. 11. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of winding segments (WSa, WSb, WSc) is identical to the number of fractional holes q in the stator (1), in particular is identical to the number of receiving slots (4) per magnetic pole section (19a or 19b), per phase winding (PW) and per partial winding (TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd). 12. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the current path (17a) defined by the first winding segment (WSa) either (i) starting from the radially innermost layer (L1) of conductor sections (La, Lb) to the radially outermost layer ( L8) of conductor sections (La, Lb), or vice versa (ii) starting from the radially outermost layer (L8) of conductor sections (La, Lb) to the radially innermost layer (L1) of conductor sections (La, Lb), then without an offset in position (L), in particular without a jump in position or without a change in position (L), by means of a third electrical connection section (VBc) to the second winding segment (WSb), and that the current path (17b) in second winding segment (WSb) either (i) starting from the radially outermost layer (L8) of conductor sections (La, Lb) to the radially innermost layer (L1) of conductor sections (La, Lb), or vice versa (ii) starting from the radially innermost layer (L1) of Le Iter sections (La, Lb) to the radially outermost layer (L8) of conductor sections (La, Lb) is performed. 20/32 13. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each case two conductor sections (La, Lb) directly following one another in the electrical current paths (17a, 17b) and in each case a first connection section (VBa) which electrically connects these conductor sections in each case are designed in one piece, in particular are formed by a so-called hair pin. 14. Stator according to claim 13, characterized in that the first connecting section (VBa) has a substantially S-shaped or Z-shaped deformed section in its middle section in relation to a plane (27) running perpendicularly to the longitudinal center axis (2) of the laminated core (3). (28). 15. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the receiving grooves (4) of the laminated core (2) by conductor sections (La, Lb) of exactly two parallel partial windings (TWa, TWb; TWc, TWd) with respect to the Radial direction to the longitudinal axis (3) of the laminated core (2) is completely filled. 16. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first winding segment (WSa) and the second winding segment (WSb) are each wound in the same direction starting from their respective winding beginnings (21, 22) in the direction of their respective winding ends (23, 24). , For example, are each wound clockwise. 17. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all winding segments (WSa, WSb, WSc) of a multi-segmented partial winding (TWa, TWb, TWc, TWc) are electrically connected in series and, starting from their respective winding starts (21, 22 , 25) in the direction of their respective winding ends (23, 24, 26) in each case wound in the same direction, for example in each case wound in a clockwise direction. 18. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a winding start (21a) of the first partial winding (TWa) and a winding start (21b) of a further partial winding (TWb, TWc, TWd) which is electrically connected to the first partial winding (TWa) Is connected in series or electrically in parallel or is switchable, are positioned in the same receiving groove (4). 19. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in relation to receiving grooves (4) with winding starts (21a, 21b; A1, B1, C1, D1) executed there or winding ends (26a, 26b; A12, B12, C12, D12) only winding starts (21a, 21b; A1, B1; A1, D1; B1, C1) or only winding ends (26a, 26b; A12, B12; C12, D12). 20. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the last conductor section (La, Lb) of at least one of the partial windings (TWa, TWb, TWc, TWd) each have an I-pin, in particular an I-shaped shaped rods, and all conductor sections (La, Lb) arranged between them are designed as hairpins electrically connected in series, in particular as U-shaped pairs of shaped rods (16). 21. Electrical machine, characterized in that it comprises a stator according to any one of the preceding claims. 11 sheets of drawings 21/32