AT512195A1 - Compact system for providing heat energy to a consumer - Google Patents

Abstract

A compact system for the provision of heat energy to a consumer comprises a combined heat and power plant (2), a heat pump (3) and a device for heat recovery, with which the residual heat output of the combined heat and power plant (2) and the heat pump (3) also a heating system (4) can be supplied , In this case, the heat pump (3) is used to provide a base load of heat energy and the combined heat and power plant to provide a peak load of heat energy, and the combined heat and power plant (2) is switchable at a definable bivalence point. The heat pump (3) uses a brine circuit (19) to absorb ambient heat from air, soil or water or other heat sources. The device for heat recovery consists of a in the area of the combined heat and power plant (2) and the heat pump (3) arranged heat recovery heat exchanger (13), the heat energy absorbed via a hydraulic mixing circuit (20) via the brine circuit (19) directly to the heat pump (3) is delivered. It also specifies a method for operating the compact system.

Description

Compact system for providing heat energy to a consumer

The invention relates to a compact system for the provision of heat energy 5 to a consumer according to claim 1.

The invention particularly relates to a compact system for providing heat energy to a heating system of a consumer, with a combined heat and power plant, a heat pump and a device for heat recovery, with the means for heat recovery, the residual heat output of the combined heat and power plant and the heat pump is also fed to the heating system.

Systems of this type are already known in principle. Thus, EP-15 2'299O98 shows a plant for the provision of heat energy to a

Consumer. The plant has a combined heat and power plant, wherein the cogeneration plant in a known way a cooling water heat exchanger for taking over the cooling water heat from the engine block of the cogeneration plant and an exhaust heat exchanger for taking over the exhaust heat of 20 cogeneration plant in a heating system.

The system according to EP-2'299'098 also has a heat pump with a brine circuit for receiving heat energy from the ground, from the air or from water. The heat pump serves to provide a base load of heat energy and the combined heat and power plant provides a peak load of heat energy to the consumer. The combined heat and power plant can be connected to the heat pump at a definable bivalence point. Furthermore, this system according to EP-2'299'098 also has a device for heat recovery, with the residual heat output of the combined heat and power plant and the heat pump also the heating system

can be fed. However, the heat recovery device in this case is a second heat pump located outside the engine room. 5 A disadvantage of EP-2'299'098 is the relatively complex and 'distributed'

Overall design. It can only be considered as a compact system insofar as the main components, namely the cogeneration unit and the heat pump for the recovery of heat energy from air, water or earth are housed in a compact form in a container-like machine room 10. Almost all components with which the residual heat output of the

Combined heat and power plant and the heat pump recovered and also supplied to the heating system, but are located outside this engine room. This also applies to the exhaust gas heat exchanger. Although there are also solutions for cogeneration plants, for example as disclosed in DE-3'912'113, in which with a heat pump installed in the engine room, the residual heat output, ie the Abstrahlungsverlustleistung of the engine block and generator, also supplied to the heating system. However, this is not a compact system in the sense mentioned, because it is not a bivalent heating system.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a compact system for the provision of heat energy to a heating system of a consumer in the aforementioned sense, which is simpler and more compact. Furthermore, a method for operating such a system should also be specified.

This object is achieved by the feature combination of claim 1. The solution includes that in a generic 30 compact system, the device for heat recovery from a in the

Area of the combined heat and power plant and the heat pump arranged WRG (heat recovery) heat exchanger consists, which the temperature tm

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Keeps engine room at a predefined value constant and delivers the absorbed heat energy via a hydraulic mixing circuit via the brine circuit directly to the heat pump. In the area of the combined heat and power plant and the heat pump 'here means analogously 5 .innerhalb a container-like engine room', if, as mentioned above, the greatest possible compactness is sought. Of course, such an arrangement works but also in conventional engine rooms. Of course, the main advantage lies in the simplification, because it is possible to use only a much simpler WRG (heat recovery) heat exchanger instead of another heat pump for heat recovery, which also requires even less space. This is feasible because the WRG 15 (heat recovery) heat exchanger is structurally integrated into the overall system in a completely different way, namely by directly absorbing its absorbed heat energy via a hydraulic mixing circuit to the brine circuit, which uses the useful heat from air, earth or water is returned to the heat pump and returned. 20

The overall system can be built much more compact overall because it is also possible to arrange not only the cooling water heat exchanger of the combined heat and power plant, but also the exhaust gas heat exchanger of the cogeneration plant within the engine room. In order to further increase utilization, it is even possible to provide at least one additional additional exhaust gas heat exchanger downstream of the exhaust gas heat exchanger in or outside the engine room. The obvious advantages are that in this way the number of main connections with which the compact system is connected to the 30 external components can be greatly reduced. Since a small number of main connections greatly reduces the time-consuming and expensive adjustments and connection work to external components

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• * * fe 9 «9 · 9 9 9 also significant cost savings when installing such a system.

Even within the compact system can be, also with the aim of S reduction in the number of main connections, with which the compact system is connected to the external components, achieve a simplification, namely by the output circuit of another exhaust gas heat exchanger, which is also located in the engine room, connected in parallel to the output circuit of the heat pump and then fed to the heating system. This is possible because these two heat generators have the same temperature level.

The inventive compact system relies substantially on the concept of the possibility for alternative use of other heat sources. The base 15 is a brine circuit, with the heat energy from a primary medium, so for example air, earth or water is fed to the evaporator of the heat pump. Analogous to the already mentioned integration of the residual heat output from the heat recovery heat exchanger heat exchanger over a common, hydraulic mixing circuit, it should also be possible 20 other and further heat sources with other hydraulic

Admix or in series alternatively alternatively to use. So it is possible, for example, the heat pump designed primarily for the heat from the ambient air, in addition to and at the same time, for example, even to use geothermal energy. 25

Another significant aspect of the use of combined heat and power plants is the noise and vibration insulation. The space-saving arrangement of the components of the system in a container-like and sound-insulating machine room also means that certain components 30 of the system must be partly installed one above the other.

Vibration generating components such as the engine and generator of the combined heat and power plant are used to minimize the formation and spread

J 4 "!: Ύ * ι #« «• ι« ·· arranged by vibrations and structure-borne noise, however, near the bottom of the engine room.

Overall, the compact system according to the invention makes it possible to react very flexibly and 5 to the heat requirements of a consumer as required.

It is therefore also intended to provide the compact system with a controller that meets these requirements. The control should also allow the combined heat and power plant and the heat pump to be operated in principle either together or independently of one another.

With the control, a method for operating a compact system according to the invention for the provision of heat energy to a consumer is realized, in which: 15 - a base load of heat energy from the heat pump alone or in

20 is provided and the cogeneration plant is switched on to cover the peak load at a definable bivalence point, the bivalence point being dependent on a defined flow temperature of the heating system and the temperature of the primary energy source medium of the heat pump is set in such a manner that the heat pump operates at an annual work rate (JAZ) 25 in the range> 2.

In addition, with the control, it should also be possible to use the heat pump as optimally as possible, both in running as well as in non-running cogeneration plant. Therefore, the heat pump is so coupled with the operation of the cogeneration plant that - it is formed while running the combined heat and power plant to absorb the residual heat output from the combined heat and power plant and the heat pump and the

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Recording of heat output from the ambient air and / or other heat sources, and that - it is formed when not running cogeneration plant for receiving the residual heat output from the heat pump and for receiving 5 heat output from the ambient air and / or other heat sources.

In the following, an embodiment of a compact system according to the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing. It shows the 10th

Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an inventive compact system

FIG. 1 schematically shows a machine room 15 (dash-dotted line) in which a combined heat and power plant 2 and a heat pump 3 are arranged. Both, the cogeneration unit 2 and the heat pump 3 are used to provide heat energy in the form of hot water to a consumer, such as a heating system 4. 20 The cogeneration unit 2 comprises in a known manner a motor 5, a generator 6, a cooling water heat exchanger 7 and an exhaust gas heat exchanger 8, wherein these components are arranged within the machine room 1. The combined heat and power plant 2 is a modular system and is used to generate electricity 25 and heat according to the principle of heat-power or combined heat and power. The primary energy used to drive the engine is preferably a gas or liquid fuel, for example liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas or biogas, or in the case of liquid fuel biodiesel, ethanol or another fuel from a renewable energy source. With the use of a cogeneration plant 2 30 is known to achieve over the conventional combination of local heating and central power plant, a higher overall efficiency, the use of the waste heat of power generation locally

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Mt ·· the genesis results. The local use of waste heat means that the primary energy used is used very efficiently, which is why combined heat and power plants can also save a relatively high proportion of primary energy. In the present inventive plant is the production and use 5 of thermal energy in the foreground, which is why the power generation by means of the generator 6 is not carried out here and in more detail.

The heat pump 3 comprises in known manner a motor-driven compressor 9, which circulates a working medium in a heat pump internal circuit 10 through a condenser 10, a flash valve 11 and an evaporator 12. Also shown is a primary medium circuit, for example, a brine circuit 19 for drawing heat from a primary medium (earth, air or water), the outdoor unit 17 is coupled to the evaporator 12. Also shown is an output circuit of the heat pump, here a hot water circuit, which is coupled to the condenser 10 and which is supplied to the heating system 4. As already mentioned, it is provided that the heat pump 3 can be designed to draw heat energy from the air, from water or from the earth or else from other energy sources or combinations thereof. 20

Furthermore, a heat recovery (heat recovery) heat exchanger 13 and a fan 14 is provided within the engine room 1. The fan 14 serves to generate a cooling air circulation K actively conveyed inside the machine-room. With the cooling air circuit K 25 the previously mentioned residual heat dissipating system components in

Engine room cooled and kept the temperature in the engine room at a predefined value. The cooling air takes up the residual heat of the cogeneration unit 2 and the heat pump 3. The heat recovery heat exchanger 13 is also operated with brine; 30 So it's a brine / air heat exchanger. The heat absorbed by the heat exchanger heat exchanger 13 residual heat is fed via a hydraulic mixing circuit 20 directly into the brine circuit 19. Thus, the recorded so

Residual heat directly to the heat pump 3 off or returned. There is thus a total system superimposed feedback loop for the rest or. Waste heat. Instead of a hydraulic mixing circuit 20 and a hydraulic series circuit could be used.

The main components within the engine room 1 are, of course, the combined heat and power plant 2 and the heat pump 3. Intended, the heat pump 3 is intended to cover a base load of the heat demand of the heater 4 during the year. In base load operation, the compressor 9 with the drive motor of the heat pump 3 will thus generate a proportion of the heat loss. In combined operation, ie when the combined heat and power plant 2 is switched on, u.a. the motor 5 and the generator 6 generate a further and greater proportion of heat loss. If both main components are in operation, both main components are cooled with the cooling air circuit K and the temperature in the engine room is kept at a predefined value, thus increasing their overall efficiency and reusing the residual heat removed from the cooling air circuit K.

As can be seen in FIG. 1, the exhaust gases of the combined heat and power plant 2 are discharged through an exhaust system 16. In this case, the exhaust gases are also still at least one further exhaust gas heat exchanger 15, which is connected downstream of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 8 mentioned earlier. The further exhaust gas heat exchanger 15 is used for direct heat utilization in the heating system 4. Here, the output circuit of the further exhaust gas heat exchanger 15 is the output circuit of the heat exchanger of the heat pump 3, which is supplied to the heating system 4, connected in parallel. This is possible because these two heat generators have the same temperature level.

As can also be seen in FIG. 1, the brine circuit 19 can alternatively also be connected with further heat sources 18. For example, in addition to the heat from air geothermal heat can be used simultaneously. Again, the connection takes place analogous to the connection of the heat recovery (heat recovery) heat exchanger via a hydraulic mixing circuit or via a hydraulic series circuit. 5 In the present embodiment of an inventive

Compact system, the combined heat and power plant 2 and the heat pump 3 are arranged to save space on each other. Vibration-generating components such as the motor 5 and the generator 6 of the combined heat and power plant 2 are arranged to minimize the propagation of vibrations and structure-borne noise 10, however, in the vicinity of the engine room 1 on dampers.

The container-like machine room 1 itself is designed as a sound-insulating construction. Direct Schallaustragungen to the outside, which occur especially when the cogeneration power plant in appearance, thus carried out mainly on the exhaust system 16. Of course, but also here 15 suitable and known per se additional soundproofing measures are taken.

The principles underlying the control of the compact system of the present embodiment have already been outlined in the introductory general part 20. Thus, the method for operating an inventive

In principle, a compact system for the provision of heat energy to a consumer can enable a consumer to be provided with the necessary information. 25 * · * 9 * · ♦ • «* ·· * t * · 9 • ··» i * * • Λ * # * * m * * 9 9 • • 1. the combined heat and power plant 2 and the heat pump 3 are operated together or independently of each other, 2. in common operation (interconnected operation) a base load of heat energy is provided by the heat pump 3 alone, a peak load of heat energy from cogeneration unit 2, and cogeneration unit 2 is closable to cover the peak load at a definable bivalence point, and 3. in co-operation, the heat pump 3 is coupled to the operation of cogeneration unit 2 at 30 ·· fr · «fr fr« fr fr 4 «* fr I · ·« · frfr

fr • fr fr fr fr fr fr fr fr fr fr fr fr fr for the running combined heat and power plant 2 receives the residual heat output from the combined heat and power plant 2 and the heat pump 3, and that they are not running cogeneration plant 2, the residual heat output from the heat pump 3 receives. 5

The term "joint operation" (sometimes also called "group operation"), in this context, therefore, merely means that the mentioned dependence on the connection of the combined heat and power plant (bivalence point) exists. Of course, another and other dependency must be seen in the fact that the recovery of the residual heat output (in the engine room) with the configuration of the compact system according to the invention is always possible only when the heat pump is running (since it itself is part of the heat recovery device). Nevertheless, safety and reliability considerations naturally require that the independent operation of the heat pump and combined heat and power plant must be guaranteed. «* *« * * * * * Λ Λ * • * * ♦ ί1 * «· ··· * · * • ··« · * • ·· * 9 Φ Φ I · I ♦ · ♦ «·

Reference numbers list: 1 Engine room 2 Combined heat and power plant (CHP) 5 3 Heat pump (WP) 4 Heating system 5 Engine 6 Generator 7 Cooling water heat exchanger 10 8 Exhaust gas heat exchanger 9 Compressor 10 Condenser 11 Expansion valve 12 Evaporator 15 13 Heat recovery heat exchanger 14 Fan 15 Additional exhaust gas heat exchanger 16 Exhaust system Combined heat and power plant 17 Outdoor unit (of the evaporator) 20 18 additional heat source 19 brine circuit 20 mixing circuit Κ Cooling air circuit 25

Claims (8)

······························································· « 1. Compact system for the provision of heat energy to a consumer, with a Btockheizkraftwerk (2) with a cooling water heat exchanger (7) and a 5 Exhaust gas heat exchanger (8) for taking over the cooling water heat from the engine block of the combined heat and power plant (2) and the waste heat of the combined heat and power plant in a heating system (4), wherein the compact system comprises a heat pump (3) with a brine circuit (19) for receiving ambient heat, and wherein the heat pump (3) is adapted to provide a base load of heat energy and the cogeneration plant to provide a peak load of heat energy to the consumer, and wherein the combined heat and power plant (2) is switchable at a settable bivalence point, and further including means for heat recovery is, with the residual heat output of 15 cogeneration plant (2) and the heat pump (3) ebenfall s the heating system (4) can be fed, characterized in that the means for heat recovery from a in the area of the combined heat and power plant (2) and the heat pump (3) arranged heat recovery (heat recovery) heat exchanger (13), the recorded heat energy over a 20 hydraulic mixing circuit (20) via the brine circuit (19) is discharged directly to the heat pump (3). 2. Compact system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one further exhaust gas heat exchanger (15) is connected downstream of the exhaust gas heat exchanger 25 (8), wherein the output circuit of the further exhaust gas heat exchanger (15) an output circuit of the heat exchanger of the heat pump (3) is connected in parallel and the Heating system (4) is supplied. 3. Compact system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the combined heat and power plant (2) and the heat pump (3), and the heat recovery (heat recovery) heat exchanger (13), the cooling water heat exchanger · «• fr ··» · · «« · Pt «« «• · 9 · * (7), the exhaust gas heat exchanger (8) and the further exhaust gas heat exchanger (15) are arranged to save space in a container-like and sound-absorbing engine room (1). 4. Compact system according to claim 3, characterized in that the cogeneration unit (2) to minimize vibrations and structure-borne sound near the bottom of the machine room (1) are arranged. 5. Compact system according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized 10 that the engine room (1) is equipped with four main connections, namely: - a connection for the brine circuit for connection to an outdoor unit (17) and / or others Heat sources (18), - a connection for the heat recovery (heat recovery) heat exchanger (13) 15 - a connection for the heating system (4), and - a connection for the exhaust system (16). 6. Compact system according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the combined heat and power plant (2) and the heat pump (3) 20 are operated jointly or independently of each other. 7. A method for operating a compact system according to claim 1 for providing heat energy to a consumer, wherein 25 - a base load of heat energy from the heat pump (3) alone or in combination with the heat recovery (heat recovery) heat exchanger (13) is provided, a peak load of heat energy is provided from the combined heat and power plant (2), 30 - and the cogeneration plant (2) is switched on to cover the peak load at a definable bivalence point, the bivalence point being dependent on a defined flow temperature and the temperature of the ft ft ft f! 4 • ft ft primary energy source medium of the heat pump (3) is set in such a way that the heat pump (3) with an annual working load (JAZ) in the range> 2 works. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the heat pump (3) is so coupled with the operation of the cogeneration plant (2), that - they are running cogeneration plant (2) for receiving the residual heat output from the combined heat and power plant (2) and the heat pump (3) 10 is formed and for receiving heat output from the ambient air and / or further heat sources (18) is formed, and that - they are not running cogeneration plant (2) for receiving the residual heat output from the heat pump (3) and for receiving Heat output from the ambient air and / or other heat sources (18) 15 is formed.