AT507617A1 - HEAT PUMP - Google Patents

Description

Description:

The aim of the invention is to use a heat pump with the least possible investment in the environment (air, water, etc.) to constantly remove heat at a low level and to transpose them into domestic heat and supply a Niederteraperaturheizung.

This temperature increase is achieved today mainly by means of compressors, refrigerant and expansion valve in a closed circuit. The drive of the compressor is relatively labor-intensive and requires foreign energy, e.g. Electricity. While the compression heat pumps are mechanically operated, operating absorption heat pumps by supplying heat energy, which also takes place in this process, the expansion and cooling of the working fluid by means of a throttle valve. t

In contrast, the pressure reduction is effected in the novel heat pump instead of a throttle valve by using a neutral gas.

According to the law of Dalton, the total pressure of a gas mixture is expressed as the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases from which the mixture is made. Therefore, the pressure of the mixture is determined from the partial pressure of the refrigerant and the partial pressure of the inert gas.

The liquid coolant, for example ammonia, thus evaporates into the inert gas, such as ^ or ^. As a result, a gas mixture of NH ^ and H2 or N2 forms, whereby the required heat of evaporation of the environment can be found by means of heat exchangers.

The gas mixture must now be fed to a separation process.

The separation process of the gas-vapor mixture is based on the fact that charged NH ^ molecules are deflected in the electric field.

A deflection by force of uncharged NH ^ molecules in an inhomogeneous electric field by dipole effect is practically not effective. Although theoretically forces act on the Aramoniakmoleküle by the inhomogeneous electric field, but too small to overcome the flow conditions. On the other hand, deviations of charged NH ^ molecules in the electric field can be observed. ···················································································································································································································· • - 2 -

Charging takes place by applying the corona charging process.

Hereby, the force on charged NH ^ molecules in the electric field is much more effective, but the flow conditions exert a decisive influence on the deflection. Too high flow velocities and turbulent flows reduce the deflection effect. Electrode arrangements with a separate charging and deposition zone have proven to be particularly effective in practice.

Thus, after ionization of the ammonia vapor by means of a corona charging process, the inert gas / ammonia vapor mixture is blown through a narrow gap between the specially coated electrodes.

The charged NH ^ molecules are deflected towards the working electrode, separating the mixture according to Coulomb's law of attraction. Separation tongues separate the gases that are segregated in the field. The power required for electrical isolation is extremely low and is in the lW range.

If the inert gas is hydrogen, the purification of the refrigerant from the refrigerant can take place in an adiabatic pressure difference process of a few 100 torr by hydride formation.

The purification of hydrogen by hydride formation is well known.

It is based on the selective uptake of hydrogen by hydride-forming metals, whereby the hydrogen is absorbed and released purely in the desorption step.

The amount of heat liberated during absorption is stored in bamboo material stretched hydride pellets and consumed again at the I ^ output. (ad iabatic pressure swing method)

The adiabatic pressure swing method, it is now provided with the help of only one absorber column to run the absorption and desorption of ^ gas simultaneously, the amount of heat supplied to the ballast material stretched hydride pellets as the heat transfer medium and to remove the necessary heat during desorption from the heat transfer medium is. (adiabatic pressure difference method)

It is also intended to install the most cost-effective metal in the heat pump, but also to keep the pressure difference between absorption and desorption small, which in turn depends on the operating temperature level of the system but also on the structure of an electric field. ··

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Since ionized ammonia molecules are deflected by means of a corona charging process in a static electric field in the direction of the working electrode, it is possible to use the process mentioned to accelerate the rate of passage of the hydrogen atoms through the metal hydride block as a result of an increase in the pressure difference without the use of a compressor. The charged ammonia molecules are drawn into the condenser in the region of the working electrode and the metal hydride as second electric dipole is thus now lapped only by I ^ -Gas, so that prevailing in the condenser total pressure on this side, but on the opposite side in the evaporator only Partial pressure of hydrogen comes into effect.

Since blowers are used for the required gas circulation and the energy consumption for the separation of the gas mixtures with the above-mentioned methods is very small in contrast to the compressors in compression refrigerating machines, the efficiency of heat pumps or cold steam engines can be considerably increased.

One way to carry out the method according to the invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawing, illustrated device.

The schematic view in FIG. 1 shows a possible device according to the invention of a heat pump with electrostatic separation and a closed refrigerant vapor-inert gas cycle, in which case ammonia is used as refrigerant and as inert gas hydrogen gas and the operating pressure of the system was set at 40 bar, which means an operating temperature of 80 ° C in the condenser.

A fan (1) provides the required gas circulation and conveys the ambient temperature heated ammonia vapor-hydrogen gas mixture from the formed as a heat exchanger evaporator (2) via the line (3) in the steam space (4) of the condenser (5), after a heat exchanger (6) the gas mixture has been raised almost to the intended operating temperature level of the condenser (5).

In the vapor space (4) of the condenser (5), it is now intended to ionize the Aramoniak-raolekiile means Koronaauflade method and the gas mixture between two oppositely charged electrodes (7 and 8), through an electric field, blow through.

The charged ammonia molecules in contrast to the inert gas in a static electric field during the flow through a deflection in the direction of the working electrode (7) and the separated gases are separated by at least one TVennzunge (9).

The hot inert gas flows through the line (10) the heat exchanger (6) is cooled and takes in the evaporator (2) with further cooling ammonia vapor, the ammonia vapor hydrogen gas mixture is then reheated in the evaporator (2) in turn to environmental temperature level , The part enriched with ammonia vapor condenses by falling below the dew point in the vapor space (4), absorbed in the liquid ammonia (11) at the bottom of the condenser (5) and releases the heat of condensation, whereby the condensate (11) continues to heat up to the boiling point would, if the resulting heat of condensation would not be supplied by means of a heat exchanger (12) of a low-temperature heating.

The amount of condensing heat accumulating in the condenser (5) and the required amount of evaporation heat in the evaporator (2) are approximately equivalent.

The purified inert gas is thus blown by means of the blower (1) from the condenser (5) via the line (10) in the evaporator (2), while the condensate (11) by means of a liquid pump (13) and a line (14) the evaporator (2) is conveyed.

Both media are cooled in the heat exchanger (6) against the cold ammonia vapor-water mixture in countercurrent flowing, before finally expanded in the evaporator (2) of the liquid ammonia (11) in the inert gas and evaporated under extreme cooling.

Claims (3)

1. A process for the evaporation of liquids and recovery of the condensate, in a heat pump with a closed cycle, this being maintained by means of a compressor or a blower (1) and the liquid refrigerant in a predetermined inert gas, for example nitrogen or hydrogen gas, expands and vaporizes, characterized in that the separation of the refrigerant vapor-inert gas mixture then takes place in the condenser (5) by means of hydride formation by the inert gas hydrogen selectively diffused through a predetermined metal hydride due to pressure difference and purified reaches the evaporator (2), where it is in turn mixed with the vaporous refrigerant, and that stored in the ^ absorption heat is stored in ballast material stretched hydride pellets and consumed in the H2 ~ discharge again, (adiabatic pressure difference method) and that by the increase in Dampfko Nzen-tration of the refrigerant in the condenser (5) condenses this (dew point) and the heat of condensation by means of a heat exchanger construction (12) dissipated and used profitably, and that in a heat exchanger (6) for thermal reasons vorkiihlt the evaporator (2) flowing media and the countercurrently flowing refrigerant vapor-inert gas mixture to the condenser (5) is preheated. 2, process for the evaporation of liquids and recovery of the condensate, according to claim 1, characterized in that the separation of the steam-gas mixture in the heat pump by means of a static electric field in the condenser (5), wherein the refrigerant vapor with the corona charging Is ionized method and that when flowing through the electric field between two oppositely charged electrodes (7 and 8), the gases are pulled apart and separated by at least one separation tongue (9). ···· ···· ········· 3. A process for the evaporation of liquids and recovery of the condensate, according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the pressure difference of the inert gas is achieved on the opposite sides of the metal hydride by means of an electric field by the charged by the corona charging process refrigerant molecules on one side be deflected with the aid of the working electrode of the metal hydride, so that there the total pressure presses the hydrogen molecules against the metal hydride, while on the opposite side only the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas comes into effect.