AT47105B - Method of concentrating nitric acid. - Google Patents
Method of concentrating nitric acid.Info
- Publication number
- AT47105B AT47105B AT47105DA AT47105B AT 47105 B AT47105 B AT 47105B AT 47105D A AT47105D A AT 47105DA AT 47105 B AT47105 B AT 47105B
- Authority
- AT
- Austria
- Prior art keywords
- nitric acid
- acid
- phosphoric acid
- concentrating
- acids
- Prior art date
Links
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 15
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Arsenic acid Chemical compound O[As](O)(O)=O DJHGAFSJWGLOIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940000488 arsenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001577 simple distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Description
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Verfahren zum Konzentrieren von Salpetersäure.
Zur Konzentrierung von Salpetersäure sind verschiedene Methoden vorgeschlagen und benutzt worden. Ihnen allen gegenüber stellt das vorliegende Verfahren einen bemerkenwerten Fortschritt dar. Die Schwefelsäure als wasserbindendes Agens bat den Nachteil, dass sie ausserdem die Salpetersäure selbst in erheblichem Masse bindet, was zur Folge hat, dass ausser einem, gegenüber der einfachen Destillation erhöhten Aufwand von Wärme, besonders noch eine beträchtliche Zersetzung der Salpetersäure eintritt. Den sogenannten wasserentziehenden Salzen andererseits, wie z. B. Kalziumnitrat usw., hängt der Nachteil an, dass die abzudestillierende Mischung stark schäumt und hiedurch einmal technische Schwierigkeiten macht, zum andern die Verunreinigung des Destillats begünstigt.
Auch wird beim Abtreiben der konzentrierten Säure und des gebundenen Wassers die Masse fest. wodurch örtliche Überhitzungen, heftiges Stossen, ja gegebenenfalls Explosionen auftreten und wodurch ferner wegen der schlechten Wärmeübertragung von der Gefässwand auf das sich aufblähende Salz ebenfalls ein schlechter Ileizeffekt bewirkt wird. Demgegenüber bietet die Verwendung von Säuren der Phosphorsäuregruppe, insbesondere
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mit der Salpetersäure keinerlei chemische Verbindung ein, sondern sie binden nur das Wasser. Zur Gewinnung der wasserarmen Salpetersäure aus einem Gemisch von ver- dünnter Salpetersäure mit Phosphorsäure oder Arsensäure bedarf es also keinerlei Zersetzung irgend welcher chemischen Verbindung, wie bei Anwendung von Schwefelsäure als Konzpntrationsmittrl.
Eine Gefahr des Festwerden der Masse besteht nicht. Man hat daher weder nötig, stärker zu heizen, als zur blossen Destillation erforderlich ist, spart also Brennmaterial, noch hat man eine Zersetzung der Salpetersäure zu befürchten, das heisst, m : u) erzielt ohne besondere Massnahmen eine stickstoffreie, hochprozentige Salpetersäure.
Man kann statt Phosphorsäure oder Arsensäure für sich allein auch Gemische von beiden Säuren benutzen.
Ferner kann man die Hrstarrungsverhältnisse des Systems unter Umständen dadurch im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung günstig beeinflussen, dass man saure Salze, weiche ähnliche Eigenschaften haben wie die freien Säuren diesen hinzufügt oder indem man durch Zugabe von normalen Salzen dieser Säuren die sauren Salze in der Mischung entstehen lässt.
Beispiele :
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Method of concentrating nitric acid.
Various methods have been proposed and used to concentrate nitric acid. Compared to all of them, the present process represents a remarkable advance. The sulfuric acid as a water-binding agent had the disadvantage that it also binds the nitric acid itself to a considerable extent, which means that, in addition to an increased expenditure of heat compared to simple distillation, In particular, considerable decomposition of the nitric acid occurs. The so-called dehydrating salts on the other hand, such as. B. calcium nitrate, etc., has the disadvantage that the mixture to be distilled foams heavily and thus on the one hand creates technical difficulties, on the other hand favors the contamination of the distillate.
Also, when the concentrated acid and the bound water are driven off, the mass becomes solid. which causes local overheating, violent jolts, even explosions, and which also causes a bad ileal effect because of the poor heat transfer from the vessel wall to the expanding salt. In contrast, the use of acids of the phosphoric acid group, in particular
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No chemical compound whatsoever with the nitric acid, they only bind the water. To obtain the water-poor nitric acid from a mixture of dilute nitric acid with phosphoric acid or arsenic acid, no decomposition of any chemical compound is required, as is the case when using sulfuric acid as a concentration agent.
There is no risk of the mass becoming solid. There is therefore no need to heat more than is necessary for mere distillation, so fuel is saved, nor is there any fear of decomposition of the nitric acid, i.e. m: u) a nitrogen-free, high-percentage nitric acid is achieved without special measures.
Instead of phosphoric acid or arsenic acid alone, mixtures of the two acids can also be used.
Furthermore, the hardening conditions of the system can be favorably influenced in the context of the present invention by adding acidic salts which have similar properties to the free acids or by adding normal salts of these acids to form the acidic salts in the mixture leaves.
Examples:
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Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE47105X | 1909-06-16 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AT47105B true AT47105B (en) | 1911-03-27 |
Family
ID=5625519
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT47105D AT47105B (en) | 1909-06-16 | 1910-06-10 | Method of concentrating nitric acid. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AT (1) | AT47105B (en) |
-
1910
- 1910-06-10 AT AT47105D patent/AT47105B/en active
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