AT413223B - Production of expanded fibers from new generation raw materials for insulation applications where the fibers are expanded above their natural volume useful for insulation applications - Google Patents

Production of expanded fibers from new generation raw materials for insulation applications where the fibers are expanded above their natural volume useful for insulation applications Download PDF

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Publication number
AT413223B
AT413223B AT0184302A AT18432002A AT413223B AT 413223 B AT413223 B AT 413223B AT 0184302 A AT0184302 A AT 0184302A AT 18432002 A AT18432002 A AT 18432002A AT 413223 B AT413223 B AT 413223B
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Austria
Prior art keywords
fibers
expanded
insulation applications
blowing agent
fiber
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AT0184302A
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German (de)
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ATA18432002A (en
Inventor
Heinz Kornhoff
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Heinz Kornhoff
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Priority to AT0184302A priority Critical patent/AT413223B/en
Publication of ATA18432002A publication Critical patent/ATA18432002A/en
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Publication of AT413223B publication Critical patent/AT413223B/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
    • C04B18/021—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by a mineral binder, e.g. cement
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B30/00—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders
    • C04B30/02—Compositions for artificial stone, not containing binders containing fibrous materials
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/44—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 2 or 12 of the Periodic Table; Zincates; Cadmates
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
    • D06M11/50—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with hydrogen peroxide or peroxides of metals; with persulfuric, permanganic, pernitric, percarbonic acids or their salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Abstract

Production of expanded fibers from new generation raw materials for insulation applications where the fibers are expanded above their natural volume by an aqueous suspension of binder and propellant and stabilized in volume by drying.

Description

       

   <Desc/Clms Page number 1> 
 



  Das technische Gebiet, auf das sich die gegenständliche Erfindung bezieht, ist dadurch umrissen, als dass natürliche, trockene Fasern über ihr jeweils spezifisches Quellvolumen hinaus bei Wässerung durch Treibmittel, die dem Wasser beigemengt werden, über die Kapillarwirkung und Elastizität der Faserwand aufgebläht werden und damit innerhalb der Faser zusätzliche Mikrogasporen geschaffen werden, wodurch ein verbesserter Wärmedämmstoff entsteht. 



  Als Stand der Technik ist anzusehen, dass sowohl Naturfasern wie auch Kunstfasern seit langer Zeit als Isoliermaterial in verschiedenster Form und Anwendung Verwendung finden, eine vorsätzliche Aufblähung von Naturfasern durch Steigerung des Innenvolumens über entsprechende Treibmittel zur Reduzierung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit durch zusätzliche Mikrogasporen jedoch nicht bekannt ist. 



  Die zu lösende Aufgabe war es, Fasern aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen oder Reststoffen wie Altpapier, Hadern aus Naturfasern aber auch natürlichen Fasern wie Flachs, Hanf, Zellulose, Brennesseln usw. zusätzliches Quellvolumen über Treibmittel/Blähmittel aufzuzwingen und das Blähvolumen auch bei nachträglicher Trocknung der Faser beizubehalten, was einer Umgehung der Schrumpfung entspricht. 



  Diese Aufgabe wurde dadurch gelöst, als dass trockenes Fasermaterial mit Mischwasser, angereichert mit herkömmlichen Bindemitteln wie Kalk, Zement, Gips, Magnesitkauster oder Tonerdeschmelzzement usw. und jeweils geeigneten Treibmitteln homogenisiert wird und hernach aushärtet. 



  Dieses Fasermaterial saugt über die Kapillarwirkung die Treibsuspension auf und wird von dieser auch ummantelt. 



  Abhängig vom gewählten Bindemittel kommen als Treibmittel entweder staubfeine Metalle wie Zink oder Aluminium in Verbindung mit Chlorcalcium oder Basen wie Kalilauge oder Kalk, CaO bzw. Zement in Frage (Wasserstoffgasporen) oder Wasserstoffperoxid bzw. auch Perborate in Verbindung mit Kalk (Sauerstoffgasporen), wobei das derart angereicherte Mischwasser über die Kapillarwirkung in die Faser gesaugt wird und sowohl innerhalb wie ausserhalb der Faser zu treiben/ blähen beginnt und diesen Treibvorgang noch vor Einsetzen des Abbindebeginnes des Bindemittels abschliesst. 



  Das Bindemittel, das sich an der Innen- und Aussenseite der Faser abgesetzt hat und hernach abbindet und erhärtet, verhindert ein Schrumpfen der trocknenden Faser und schafft damit einen vergrösserten Hohlraum innerhalb der Faser, die nunmehr ein abgeschlossenes Gefäss, gefüllt mit Mikrogasporen, darstellt und damit eine Verringerung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit um bis zu 100 % gegenüber der Normalfaser auf bis zu 0,03 W/mK (Lamdawert) erbringt. Dieses geblähte Fasermaterial ist sowohl als Trockenschüttung, als Leichtzuschlagstoff für Leichtbaustoffe oder, homogenisiert mit Bindemitteln, als eigenständiges Bau-/Dämmaterial in Form von Platten und/oder Bausteinen einsetzbar. 



  Als Ausführungsbeispiele wären zu erwähnen: a) Blähfaser auf Zementbasis, wobei die trockene Rohfaser in Form von Altpapier, Pappe oder artähnlichen Faserstoffen in Mischwasser als Suspension, bestehend aus Wasser und Zement, aufgelöst/zerkleinert wird. Es entsteht eine Art Zementpulpe mit fasertypischem Quellvolumen/Quellwert, der bis zu 100 % über dem Rohfaservolumen liegen kann. 



  Diese Zementpulpe wird mit einem Treibmittel/Blähmittel wie Aluminium- oder Zinkstaub bzw. 



  Wasserstoffperoxid homogenisiert, sodass eine weitere, über das fasertypische Quellvolumen hinausgehende Aufblähung der Fasern erreicht wird. Über die Menge des Zements in der Suspension wie auch des Treibmittels/Blähmittels werden Zeitdauer des Blähvorganges wie auch Blähvolumen gesteuert, wobei der Blähvorgang noch vor Eintreten des Erhärtungs-/ 

 <Desc/Clms Page number 2> 

 Erstarrungsbeginnes des Binde-/Suspensionsmittels Zement - in der Regel ca. eine Stunde nach Suspensionserzeugung ohne Beschleuniger oder Verzögerer - abgeschlossen ist.

   Der Zement härtet aus und verleiht der geblähten Faser eine stabile Form. b) Blähfaser auf Gipsbasis, wobei die trockene Rohfaser wie unter Ausführungsbeispiel a) beschrieben, jedoch mit Binde-/Suspensionsmittel Gips anstelle des Zements zu Gipspulpe verarbeitet/homogenisiert wird, wodurch die Fasern ebenfalls ihr fasertypisches Quellvolumen erreichen. 



  Dieser Gipspulpe wird ein Treib-/Blähmittel in Form von Wasserstoffperoxid zugeführt, sodass im Faserinneren ebenfalls zusätzliche Mikroluftporen erzeugt werden, die eine Volumensvergrösserung/Aufblähung der Fasern über den normalen Quellwert hinaus bewerkstelligen. Die Menge des Treib-/Blähmittels ist sowohl von der Art/Type des Gipses wie auch vom jeweiligen Abbindeverhalten abhängig. 



  Patentansprüche : 1. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Blähfasern aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen oder Reststof- fen zu Dämmzwecken, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Fasern oder Faserstücke mittels ei- ner Suspension aus Wasser, Bindemittel und Treibmittel über das natürliche Quellvolumen hinaus aufgebläht und hernach durch Trocknung volumensmässig stabilisiert werden.



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  The technical field to which the present invention relates is outlined in that natural, dry fibers beyond their respective specific swelling volumes are inflated by the propellant added to the water through capillary action and elasticity of the fiber wall and thus additional micro gas pores are created within the fiber, resulting in an improved thermal insulation material.



  As the prior art is to be considered that both natural fibers and synthetic fibers have long been used as insulating material in a variety of forms and applications, intentional bloating of natural fibers by increasing the internal volume of corresponding propellant to reduce the thermal conductivity is not known by additional micro-gas pores.



  The problem to be solved was to force fibers of renewable resources or waste such as waste paper, natural fiber rags but also natural fibers such as flax, hemp, cellulose, stinging nettings, etc., additional swelling volume via blowing agent / blowing agent and to maintain the swelling volume even with subsequent drying of the fiber , which corresponds to a circumvention of the shrinkage.



  This object has been achieved in that dry fiber material with mixed water, enriched with conventional binders such as lime, cement, gypsum, Magnesitkauster or high-alumina cement etc. and each suitable propellant is homogenized and cured thereafter.



  This fiber material absorbs the blowing suspension via the capillary action and is also encased by it.



  Depending on the chosen binder are either high-dust metals such as zinc or aluminum in combination with calcium chloride or bases such as potassium hydroxide or lime, CaO or cement in question (hydrogen gas pores) or hydrogen peroxide or perborates in conjunction with lime (oxygen gas pores), the so enriched mixed water is sucked through the capillary action in the fiber and both inside and outside the fiber to drive / puffing begins and this driving process before the onset of setting of the binding agent concludes.



  The binder, which has settled on the inside and outside of the fiber and subsequently sets and hardens, prevents shrinkage of the drying fiber and thus creates an enlarged cavity within the fiber, which now represents a closed vessel filled with micro-gas pores and thus a reduction in thermal conductivity of up to 100% compared to normal fiber up to 0.03 W / mK (Lamda value). This blown fiber material can be used both as a dry bed, as a lightweight aggregate for lightweight materials or, homogenized with binders, as an independent building / insulating material in the form of plates and / or building blocks.



  As exemplary embodiments would be to mention: a) Blähfaser based on cement, wherein the dry crude fiber in the form of waste paper, cardboard or similar-like fibers in mixed water as a suspension consisting of water and cement, dissolved / crushed. The result is a kind of cement pulp with fiber-typical swelling volume / swelling value, which can be up to 100% above the crude fiber volume.



  This cement pulp is treated with a blowing agent / blowing agent such as aluminum or zinc dust or



  Hydrogen peroxide is homogenized, so that a further blowing of the fibers beyond the fiber-typical swelling volume is achieved. The amount of cement in the suspension as well as the blowing agent / blowing agent are used to control the duration of the swelling process as well as the swelling volume, whereby the swelling process is still before the setting of the hardening / blowing agent.

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 Beginning of solidification of the binding / suspension agent cement - usually about one hour after suspension production without accelerator or retarder - is completed.

   The cement hardens and gives the expanded fiber a stable shape. b) gypsum-based expanding fiber, the dry raw fiber being processed / homogenized as described in example a) but with binder / suspending agent gypsum instead of the cement to give gypsum pulp, whereby the fibers likewise reach their fiber-typical swelling volume.



  This gypsum tulip is supplied with a blowing / blowing agent in the form of hydrogen peroxide, so that additional micro air pores are generated in the fiber interior, which accomplish an increase in volume / bloating of the fibers beyond the normal swelling value. The amount of blowing / blowing agent depends on both the type / type of gypsum as well as the particular setting behavior.



  1. A process for the production of expanded fibers from renewable raw materials or residues for insulation purposes, characterized in that fibers or pieces of fiber are inflated by means of a suspension of water, binder and propellant beyond the natural swelling volume and subsequently stabilized in volume by drying ,

Claims (1)

2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Bindemittel alle herkömmli- chen hydraulischen Bindemittel wie Zemente oder Kauster und nicht hydraulische Binde- mittel wie Kalkhydrat oder Gipsstein zur Verwendung kommen. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that all conventional hydraulic binders such as cements or causers and non-hydraulic binders such as hydrated lime or gypsum stone are used as binders. 3. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Treib- mittel/Blähmittel bei Verwendung von hydraulischen Bindemitteln sowohl Wasserstoffpero- xid wie auch staubfeine Metalle wie Aluminium oder Zink zur Erzeugung von Mikro- Wasserstoffporen zur Anwendung gelangen. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that as a blowing agent / blowing agent when using hydraulic binders both hydrogen peroxide and dust-like metals such as aluminum or zinc for the production of micro- Hydrogen pores are used. 4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Treibmit- tel/Blähmittel zur Erzeugung von Mikro-Sauerstoffporen Perborate wie auch Wasserstoff- peroxid in Verbindung mit Branntkalk (CaO) zum Einsatz gelangen. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as blowing agent / blowing agent for the production of micro-oxygen pores perborates as well as hydrogen peroxide in conjunction with quicklime (CaO) are used. 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Quellvor- gang/Blähvorgang noch vor Einsetzen der Abbindezeit der Bindemittel beendet wird. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the swelling process / swelling is terminated before the onset of the binding agent. 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rohfa- sern oder Faserreste eine Länge von 10 cm nicht überschreiten. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the raw fibers or fiber residues do not exceed a length of 10 cm. 7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mengen von Mischwasser, Bindemittel und Treibmittel je nach eingesetztem Fasertyp unterschied- lich gehandhabt werden. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the amounts of mixed water, binder and blowing agent are handled differently depending on the type of fiber used. Keine Zeichnung No drawing
AT0184302A 2002-12-11 2002-12-11 Production of expanded fibers from new generation raw materials for insulation applications where the fibers are expanded above their natural volume useful for insulation applications AT413223B (en)

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AT0184302A AT413223B (en) 2002-12-11 2002-12-11 Production of expanded fibers from new generation raw materials for insulation applications where the fibers are expanded above their natural volume useful for insulation applications

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AT0184302A AT413223B (en) 2002-12-11 2002-12-11 Production of expanded fibers from new generation raw materials for insulation applications where the fibers are expanded above their natural volume useful for insulation applications

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1305993A (en) * 1919-06-10 Abeiiabido e
WO1984003275A1 (en) * 1983-02-23 1984-08-30 Courtaulds Plc Cellulose fibers for cement reinforcement
EP0364582A1 (en) * 1988-03-28 1990-04-25 Kabushiki Kaisha J.F. Corporation Ceramic-containing fiber and process for preparing the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1305993A (en) * 1919-06-10 Abeiiabido e
WO1984003275A1 (en) * 1983-02-23 1984-08-30 Courtaulds Plc Cellulose fibers for cement reinforcement
EP0364582A1 (en) * 1988-03-28 1990-04-25 Kabushiki Kaisha J.F. Corporation Ceramic-containing fiber and process for preparing the same

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