AT150993B - Device for the electrolytic extraction of light metals, in particular alkali metals from mixtures of molten metal salts. - Google Patents

Device for the electrolytic extraction of light metals, in particular alkali metals from mixtures of molten metal salts.

Info

Publication number
AT150993B
AT150993B AT150993DA AT150993B AT 150993 B AT150993 B AT 150993B AT 150993D A AT150993D A AT 150993DA AT 150993 B AT150993 B AT 150993B
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
metals
mixtures
molten metal
metal salts
particular alkali
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
German (de)
Original Assignee
Du Pont
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Du Pont filed Critical Du Pont
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AT150993B publication Critical patent/AT150993B/en

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/005Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C25C7/025Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Description

  

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  Vorrichtung zur elektrolytischen Gewinnung von   Leichtmetallen,   insbesondere Alkalimetallen aus Gemischen schmelzflüssiger Metallsalze. 
 EMI1.1 
 meidung der Berührung mit frischer Schmelze als auch unter Vermeidung der Berührung mit der Zellenwandung abgeführt werden können, wodurch nicht nur das Eintreten von aus der Frisehschmelze herrührenden Verunreinigungen, insbesondere von Gasen, sondern auch das Eintreten von von der Zellwandung herrührenden Verunreinigungen in die Elektrolysierzone vermieden wird, während anderseits die Zellwandung gegen den Angriff der Elektrolysenprodukte geschützt ist. 



   Für die Gewinnung eines Metalls, z. B. Natrium, durch Schmelzflusselektrolyse, z. B. von Chlornatrium, ist es nun   üblich,   ein Salzgemisch, z. B. von Chlornatrium und Chlorealeium, anzuwenden, um den Elektrolyten auf gewünschten, für die Elektrolyse günstigen Schmelzpunkt einzustellen. Wird nun ein derartiges   Salzgemisch   in einer Zelle der erwähnten Art mit verhältnismässig geringem Elektrodenabstand behandelt, so verursacht die bevorzugte Elektrolyse des einen Metalls eine Verarmung des betreffenden Metallsalzes in der Elektrolysierzone, insbesondere dann, wenn mit grossen Elektrodenoberflächen gearbeitet wird. Es wurde festgestellt, dass infolge des verhältnismässig geringen Abstandes zwischen den Elektroden die natürliche Diffusion bzw.

   Zirkulation des Elektrolyten nicht ausreicht, um das durch Elektrolyse bevorzugt zerlegte Salz in der Elektrolysierzone genügend rasch zu ersetzen. Es findet infolgedessen in dem Raum zwischen den Elektroden eine Änderung der Salzzusammensetzung statt, welche zu Nachteilen und Störungen Veranlassung geben kann. Die Änderung der Salzzusammensetzung kann z. B. zur Folge haben, dass zu grosse Mengen des unerwünschten Metalls erzeugt werden. 



   Wird z. B. eine Mischung von Chlornatrium und Chlorealeium zwecks Gewinnung von Natrium der   Schmelzflusselektrolyse   unterworfen, so wird als Kathodenprodukt metallisches Natrium, das eine gewisse Menge Calcium gelöst enthält, erhalten. Steigt aber der Gehalt an   Chlorcaleium   in der Elektrolysierzone über etwa   70%,   so wird mehr Calcium erzeugt, als durch das Natrium gelöst werden kann. Das im Überschuss gebildete Calcium, welches bei   üblichen   Arbeitstemperaturen sich in fester Form abscheidet, hat die Neigung, sich an der Kathode festzusetzen und Brücken zum Diaphragma bzw. zur Anode zu bilden, wodurch Störungen, wie Kurzschlüsse und Aussetzen des Ausbringens hervorgerufen werden. 



   Störungen können z. B. auch dadurch entstehen, dass die Änderungen der Salzzusammensetzung in der Elektrolysierzone eine Erhöhung des Schmelzpunktes des Elektrolyten bewirkt, wodurch die Stromausbeute vermindert wird. 

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  Device for the electrolytic extraction of light metals, in particular alkali metals from mixtures of molten metal salts.
 EMI1.1
 avoiding contact with fresh melt as well as avoiding contact with the cell wall, whereby not only the entry of contaminants from the frishe melt, especially gases, but also the entry of contaminants from the cell wall into the electrolysis zone is avoided , while on the other hand the cell wall is protected against attack by the electrolysis products.



   For the extraction of a metal, e.g. B. sodium, by fused salt electrolysis, e.g. B. of sodium chloride, it is now customary to use a salt mixture, e.g. B. of sodium chloride and chlorealium to use in order to adjust the electrolyte to the desired melting point which is favorable for the electrolysis. If such a salt mixture is treated in a cell of the type mentioned with a relatively small electrode spacing, the preferred electrolysis of one metal causes a depletion of the metal salt in question in the electrolysis zone, especially when working with large electrode surfaces. It was found that due to the relatively small distance between the electrodes, the natural diffusion or

   The circulation of the electrolyte is insufficient to replace the salt, which is preferably decomposed by electrolysis, in the electrolysis zone quickly enough. As a result, there is a change in the salt composition in the space between the electrodes, which can give rise to disadvantages and disturbances. The change in the salt composition can e.g. B. have the consequence that excessive amounts of the unwanted metal are generated.



   Is z. If, for example, a mixture of sodium chloride and chlorealium is subjected to fused-salt electrolysis for the purpose of obtaining sodium, metallic sodium containing a certain amount of dissolved calcium is obtained as the cathode product. But if the content of calcium chloride in the electrolysis zone rises above about 70%, more calcium is produced than can be dissolved by the sodium. The calcium formed in excess, which is deposited in solid form at normal working temperatures, has a tendency to adhere to the cathode and to form bridges to the diaphragm or to the anode, causing disruptions such as short circuits and interruption of the application.



   Disturbances can e.g. B. also arise from the fact that the changes in the salt composition in the electrolysis zone cause an increase in the melting point of the electrolyte, whereby the current yield is reduced.

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AT150993D 1933-02-17 1934-02-16 Device for the electrolytic extraction of light metals, in particular alkali metals from mixtures of molten metal salts. AT150993B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US74313533A 1933-02-17 1933-02-17
US657235A US2056184A (en) 1933-02-17 1933-02-17 Electrolysis of fused salts

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AT150993B true AT150993B (en) 1937-10-11

Family

ID=27808035

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT150993D AT150993B (en) 1933-02-17 1934-02-16 Device for the electrolytic extraction of light metals, in particular alkali metals from mixtures of molten metal salts.
AT153161D AT153161B (en) 1933-02-17 1934-02-16 Device for the electrolytic extraction of light metals, in particular alkali metals.

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT153161D AT153161B (en) 1933-02-17 1934-02-16 Device for the electrolytic extraction of light metals, in particular alkali metals.

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US2056184A (en)
AT (2) AT150993B (en)
CH (1) CH177315A (en)
FR (1) FR768801A (en)
GB (1) GB433633A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2568844A (en) * 1944-10-14 1951-09-25 Du Pont Process and apparatus for the electrolytic production of fluorine
US5904821A (en) * 1997-07-25 1999-05-18 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fused chloride salt electrolysis cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR768801A (en) 1934-08-14
GB433633A (en) 1935-08-19
CH177315A (en) 1935-05-31
US2056184A (en) 1936-10-06
AT153161B (en) 1938-04-25

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