AR017280A1 - A WHITENING AND OXIDATION CATALYST, AND A WHITENING COMPOSITION THAT UNDERSTANDS IT. - Google Patents
A WHITENING AND OXIDATION CATALYST, AND A WHITENING COMPOSITION THAT UNDERSTANDS IT.Info
- Publication number
- AR017280A1 AR017280A1 ARP980104904A ARP980104904A AR017280A1 AR 017280 A1 AR017280 A1 AR 017280A1 AR P980104904 A ARP980104904 A AR P980104904A AR P980104904 A ARP980104904 A AR P980104904A AR 017280 A1 AR017280 A1 AR 017280A1
- Authority
- AR
- Argentina
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- esters
- salts
- complex
- bleaching
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
- C11D3/3902—Organic or inorganic per-compounds combined with specific additives
- C11D3/3905—Bleach activators or bleach catalysts
- C11D3/3932—Inorganic compounds or complexes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Se provee un catalizador de blanqueo y oxidacion caracterizado porque comprende un complejo Fe de formula [LFeXn]zYq o sus precursores, donde: Fe es hierroen el estado de oxidacion II, III, IV o V; X representa a las especies de coordinacion talesco mo H2O, ROH, NR3, RCN, OH-, OOH-, OOR-, RCOO-, OCN-, N3-, CN-,F-, Cl-, Br--, I-, O2-, NO3-, NO2-, SO42-, SO32-, PO43- o donantes de N aromáticos tales como piridinas, piracinas, pirazoles, imidazoles, bencimidazoles,pirimidinas, triazoles ytiazoles con R siendo H, opcionalmente alquil substituido u opcionalmente aril substituido; n es un entero de 0 a 3; Y es un contraion, del tipo que depende de la carga del complejo; z denota la carga del complejo y es un entero que puede serpositivo, cero o negativo, si z es posible, Yes un anion tal como F-, Cl-, Br--, I-, NO3-, BPh4-, ClO4-, BF4-, PF6-, RSO3-, RSO4-, SO42-, CF3SO3- o RCOO-, si z es negativo Y es un cation comun tal comocation de metal alcalino, de metalalcalinotérreo o de (alquil)am onio; y q = z/[carga Y]; L representa un ligando de la formula general (B) que contiene almenos cinco átomos de nitrogeno y en la cual el grupo substitutivo R1-R5 se seleccionan independientemente entre hidrogeno,hidroxi, halogeno, nitroso, formil,c arboxil, y sus ésteres y sales, carbamoil, sulfo, y sus ésteres y sales, sulfamoil, nitro, amino, alquil-C0-20-hidroxi, alquil-C0-20-halogeno, alquil-C0-20-nitroso, alquil-C0-20-formil, alquil-C0-20-carboxil, ysus ésteres y sales, alquil-C0-20-carba moil, alquil-C0-20-sulfo, y sus ésteres y sales, alquil-C0-20-sulfamoil, alquil-C0-20-amino, alquil-C0-20-aril, alquil-C0-20-heteroaril, alquil C0-20, alcoxi C0-8, carbonil-C0-6-alcoxi, y aril-C0-6-alquil,siempre que R1no represente hidrogeno. Se pr ovee asimismo una composicion blanqueadora que comprende un compuesto blanqueador peroxido y el catalizador de blanqueo yoxidacion. Este tipo de complejo de hierro puede activar peroxido de hidrogeno oácidos peroxidos y se descubrio que tiene propie dades favorables para laeliminacion de manchas como así también propiedades notables de inhibicion de transferencia de tinta. Además, se ha obtenido una estabilidad considerablementeA bleaching and oxidation catalyst is provided characterized in that it comprises a Fe complex of formula [LFeXn] zYq or its precursors, where: Fe is iron in the oxidation state II, III, IV or V; X represents the coordination species such as H2O, ROH, NR3, RCN, OH-, OOH-, OOR-, RCOO-, OCN-, N3-, CN-, F-, Cl-, Br--, I- , O2-, NO3-, NO2-, SO42-, SO32-, PO43- or aromatic N donors such as pyridines, pyrazines, pyrazoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, pyrimidines, triazoles and thiazoles with R being H, optionally substituted alkyl or optionally aryl replaced; n is an integer from 0 to 3; And it is a counterion, of the type that depends on the charge of the complex; z denotes the charge of the complex and is an integer that can be positive, zero or negative, if z is possible, Yes an anion such as F-, Cl-, Br--, I-, NO3-, BPh4-, ClO4-, BF4-, PF6-, RSO3-, RSO4-, SO42-, CF3SO3- or RCOO-, if z is negative Y is a common cation such as alkali metal, metalalcaline earth metal or (alkyl) amnium location; and q = z / [load Y]; L represents a ligand of the general formula (B) containing at least five nitrogen atoms and in which the R1-R5 substitutive group is independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, nitrous, formyl, arboxyl, and its esters and salts , carbamoyl, sulfo, and their esters and salts, sulfamoyl, nitro, amino, alkyl-C0-20-hydroxy, alkyl-C0-20-halogen, alkyl-C0-20-nitroso, alkyl-C0-20-formyl, alkyl -C0-20-carboxyl, and its esters and salts, alkyl-C0-20-carba moil, alkyl-C0-20-sulfo, and its esters and salts, alkyl-C0-20-sulfamoyl, alkyl-C0-20-amino , C0-20 alkyl-aryl, C0-20 alkyl-heteroaryl, C0-20 alkyl, C0-8 alkoxy, carbonyl-C0-6-alkoxy, and aryl-C0-6-alkyl, provided R1 does not represent hydrogen. A bleaching composition comprising a peroxide bleaching compound and the bleaching catalyst is also protected. This type of iron complex can activate hydrogen peroxide or peroxides and it was found to have favorable properties for stain removal as well as notable ink transfer inhibition properties. In addition, considerable stability has been obtained
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP97203019 | 1997-10-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AR017280A1 true AR017280A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
Family
ID=8228776
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ARP980104904A AR017280A1 (en) | 1997-10-01 | 1998-10-01 | A WHITENING AND OXIDATION CATALYST, AND A WHITENING COMPOSITION THAT UNDERSTANDS IT. |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0909809B1 (en) |
AR (1) | AR017280A1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9803859A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2248476A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69827738T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2234080T3 (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA988963B (en) |
Families Citing this family (69)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PH11999002190B1 (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2007-08-06 | Unilever Nv | Composition and method for bleaching a substrate |
PH11999002188B1 (en) * | 1998-09-01 | 2007-08-06 | Unilever Nv | Method of treating a textile |
DE69817832T2 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2004-10-07 | Unilever Nv | Bleaching and oxidation catalyst |
CZ20013526A3 (en) | 1999-04-01 | 2002-07-17 | Unilever N. V. | Bleaching composition |
WO2000059461A1 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2000-10-12 | Unilever N.V. | Oral composition with an improved teeth whitening effect |
GB0004990D0 (en) | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-19 | Unilever Plc | Composition and method for bleaching a substrate |
WO2001016271A1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2001-03-08 | Unilever Plc | Composition and method for bleaching a substrate |
BR0013592A (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2002-05-07 | Unilever Nv | Commercial packaging for bleaching fabric stains in an aqueous washing liquor, and using it |
WO2001016268A1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2001-03-08 | Unilever Plc | Method of pretreating and bleaching stained fabrics |
BR0013745A (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2002-05-14 | Unilever Nv | Bleaching composition for a textile |
CN1384870A (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2002-12-11 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | Method of bleaching stained fabrics |
BR0013593A (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2002-05-07 | Unilever Nv | Method for bleaching fabric stains |
CA2401039A1 (en) | 2000-02-29 | 2001-09-07 | Unilever Plc | Composition and method for bleaching a substrate |
GB0005089D0 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-26 | Unilever Plc | Bleaching and dye transfer inhibiting composition and method for laundry fabrics |
GB0005090D0 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-26 | Unilever Plc | Bleaching and dye transfer inhibiting composition and method for laundry fabrics |
GB0005087D0 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-26 | Unilever Plc | Method for reducing dye fading of fabrics in laundry bleaching compositions |
GB0005088D0 (en) * | 2000-03-01 | 2000-04-26 | Unilever Plc | Composition and method for bleaching laundry fabrics |
GB0013643D0 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2000-07-26 | Unilever Plc | Targeted moieties for use in bleach catalysts |
GB0023322D0 (en) * | 2000-09-22 | 2000-11-08 | Unilever Plc | Laundry bleaching kit and method of bleaching a substrate |
US20030050211A1 (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2003-03-13 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Enzymatic detergent compositions |
GB0030877D0 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2001-01-31 | Unilever Plc | Enhancement of air bleaching catalysts |
GB0103871D0 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2001-04-04 | Unilever Plc | Bleaching composition of enhanced stability and a process for making such a composition |
BR0208098A (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2004-03-02 | Unilever Nv | Whitening composition |
GB0106285D0 (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2001-05-02 | Unilever Plc | Air bleaching catalysts with moderating agent |
US6492312B1 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-12-10 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Water soluble sachet with a dishwashing enhancing particle |
US6475977B1 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-11-05 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Water soluble sachet with a dishwasher composition |
DE10163331A1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2003-07-10 | Henkel Kgaa | Support-fixed bleach catalyst complex compounds are suitable as catalysts for peroxygen compounds |
DE10304131A1 (en) * | 2003-02-03 | 2004-08-05 | Clariant Gmbh | Transition metal complexes with nitrogen-containing ligands are used as catalysts for peroxy compounds, especially in detergent, bleaching and cleansing agents |
FR2851572B1 (en) | 2003-02-20 | 2007-04-06 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | CLEANING OR RINSING COMPOSITION FOR HARD SURFACES |
EP1700907A1 (en) | 2005-03-11 | 2006-09-13 | Unilever N.V. | Liquid bleaching composition |
MX2007015152A (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2008-02-15 | Clariant Produkte Deutschland | Method for producing n,n-bis(pyridin-2-yl-methyl)-1,1-bis(pyridin -2-yl)-1-aminoalkane compounds and metal complex salts containing these compounds. |
FR2894585B1 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2012-04-27 | Rhodia Recherches Et Tech | COPOLYMER COMPRISING ZWITTERIONIC UNITS AND OTHER UNITS, COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE COPOLYMER, AND USE |
EP2610056B1 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2016-09-21 | Solvay USA Inc. | Hydrophilized substrate and method for hydrophilizing a hydrophobic surface of a substrate |
ES2349082T3 (en) | 2006-07-07 | 2010-12-27 | Unilever Plc | STRENGTHENING OF A LIQUID. |
CN101679912B (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2013-08-14 | 罗迪亚公司 | Detergent composition with hydrophilizing soil-release agent and methods for using same |
JP5613558B2 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2014-10-22 | ローディア インコーポレイティド | Mono-, di- and polyol phosphate esters in personal care formulations |
CA2690744A1 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2008-12-24 | Rhodia, Inc. | Mono-, di- and polyol alkoxylate phosphate esters in oral care formulations and methods for using same |
EP2152845B1 (en) | 2007-06-12 | 2017-03-29 | Solvay USA Inc. | Hard surface cleaning composition with hydrophilizing agent and method for cleaning hard surfaces |
EP2212409B1 (en) | 2007-11-06 | 2017-08-16 | Rhodia Opérations | Copolymer for treatment of laundry or hard surface |
EP2103735A1 (en) | 2008-03-18 | 2009-09-23 | Unilever PLC | Catalytic bleaching of substrates |
CN101990464B (en) | 2008-04-09 | 2013-10-23 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Use of metal hydrazide complex compounds as oxidation catalysts |
DE102008038376A1 (en) | 2008-08-19 | 2010-02-25 | Clariant International Ltd. | Process for the preparation of 3,7-diazabicyclo [3.3.1] nonane compounds |
FR2935390B1 (en) | 2008-08-26 | 2012-07-06 | Rhodia Operations | COPOLYMER FOR TREATING OR MODIFYING SURFACES |
DE102008045215A1 (en) | 2008-08-30 | 2010-03-04 | Clariant International Ltd. | Use of manganese oxalates as bleaching catalysts |
FR2937336B1 (en) | 2008-10-22 | 2011-06-10 | Rhodia Operations | COMPOSITION FOR HOUSEHOLD CARE COMPRISING A CATIONIC NANOGEL |
DE102008064009A1 (en) | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-24 | Clariant International Ltd. | Process for the preparation of 3,7-diaza-bicyclo [3.3.1] nonane-metal complexes |
EP2343336A1 (en) | 2010-01-06 | 2011-07-13 | Unilever Plc, A Company Registered In England And Wales under company no. 41424 of Unilever House | Curing liquids |
RU2572965C2 (en) | 2010-06-16 | 2016-01-20 | Акцо Нобель Кемикалз Интернэшнл Б.В. | Accelerator solution and method of curing curable resins |
KR101831472B1 (en) | 2010-06-28 | 2018-02-22 | 바스프 에스이 | Metal free bleaching composition |
PT2652025T (en) | 2010-12-15 | 2018-11-02 | Ppg Europe B V | Drier composition and use thereof |
EP2474578A1 (en) | 2011-01-06 | 2012-07-11 | Rahu Catalytics Limited | Antiskinning compositions |
US9145501B2 (en) | 2011-09-26 | 2015-09-29 | Ppg Europe Bv | Coating composition and use thereof |
BR112014010011A8 (en) | 2011-10-25 | 2017-12-19 | Basf Se | USE OF ONE OR MORE ACRYLATE COPOLYMERS, A METHOD TO PREVENT THE REPOSITION OF DIRT ON TEXTILE ARTICLES AND FOR THE RELEASE OF DIRT FROM TEXTILE ARTICLES, AND, DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS |
US20140298591A1 (en) | 2011-10-25 | 2014-10-09 | Basf Se | Use of comb or block copolymers as soil antiredeposition agents and soil release agents in laundry processes |
US9790452B2 (en) | 2013-03-27 | 2017-10-17 | Basf Se | Block copolymers as soil release agents in laundry processes |
HUE036889T2 (en) | 2013-06-20 | 2018-08-28 | Chemsenti Ltd | Bleach and oxidation catalyst |
EP3024898B1 (en) | 2013-07-25 | 2017-11-08 | OMG UK Technology Limited | Encapsulated catalysts |
ES2894685T3 (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2022-02-15 | Catexel Tech Limited | Composition |
MX2016006982A (en) | 2013-11-27 | 2017-01-09 | Basf Se | Random copolymers as soil release agents in laundry processes. |
AR104940A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 | 2017-08-23 | Chemsenti Ltd | METHOD FOR GENERATING CHLORINE DIOXIDE |
AR104939A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 | 2017-08-23 | Chemsenti Ltd | OXIDATIVE METHOD TO GENERATE CHLORINE DIOXIDE |
AR107070A1 (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2018-03-14 | Catexel Ltd | OXIDATIVELY CURABLE COATING COMPOSITION |
WO2017186480A1 (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2017-11-02 | Basf Se | Metal free bleaching composition |
WO2020008203A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 | 2020-01-09 | Catexel Limited | Liquids |
CZ309741B6 (en) | 2020-06-24 | 2023-09-06 | Univerzita Pardubice | A coating material containing siccatives based on vanadium compounds with compensating sulfonic acid anions |
EP3967742A1 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2022-03-16 | WeylChem Performance Products GmbH | Compositions comprising bleaching catalyst, manufacturing process thereof, and bleaching and cleaning agent comprising same |
WO2023030700A1 (en) | 2021-08-30 | 2023-03-09 | Borchers Gmbh | Process for improving resin performance |
WO2023052294A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | Borchers Gmbh | Process for improving resin performance using lewis acids |
WO2023117421A1 (en) | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-29 | Borchers Gmbh | Paints containing driers based on vanadium compounds bearing various acid anions |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE69125309T2 (en) * | 1990-05-21 | 1997-07-03 | Unilever Nv | Bleach activation |
FR2692499B1 (en) * | 1992-06-22 | 1994-08-26 | Atochem Elf Sa | Process for delignification and bleaching of a lignocellulosic material. |
AU2614895A (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1996-01-05 | Unilever N.V. | Bleach activation |
DE19600161C1 (en) * | 1996-01-04 | 1997-04-17 | Hoechst Ag | Bis: and tris:mu-oxo-di:manganese complex salts, useful as catalyst for oxidn. of organic cpds., esp. in oxidative bleach |
DE19600159A1 (en) * | 1996-01-04 | 1997-07-10 | Hoechst Ag | Bleaching agent systems containing bis- and tris (mu-oxo) -di-manganese complex salts |
DE19605688A1 (en) * | 1996-02-16 | 1997-08-21 | Henkel Kgaa | Transition metal complexes as activators for peroxygen compounds |
CA2257891A1 (en) * | 1996-06-19 | 1997-12-24 | Roelant Mathijs Hermant | Bleach activation by an iron catalyst comprising a polydentate ligand containing at least six heteroatoms |
US5850086A (en) * | 1996-06-21 | 1998-12-15 | Regents Of The University Of Minnesota | Iron complexes for bleach activation and stereospecific oxidation |
-
1998
- 1998-09-28 CA CA002248476A patent/CA2248476A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-09-30 DE DE69827738T patent/DE69827738T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-30 EP EP98307975A patent/EP0909809B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-09-30 ES ES98307975T patent/ES2234080T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-10-01 AR ARP980104904A patent/AR017280A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-10-01 ZA ZA9808963A patent/ZA988963B/en unknown
- 1998-10-01 BR BR9803859-1A patent/BR9803859A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9803859A (en) | 1999-12-07 |
DE69827738D1 (en) | 2004-12-30 |
ZA988963B (en) | 2000-04-03 |
EP0909809B1 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
EP0909809A2 (en) | 1999-04-21 |
ES2234080T3 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
CA2248476A1 (en) | 1999-04-01 |
DE69827738T2 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
EP0909809A3 (en) | 1999-07-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
AR017280A1 (en) | A WHITENING AND OXIDATION CATALYST, AND A WHITENING COMPOSITION THAT UNDERSTANDS IT. | |
TW339361B (en) | Naphthopyran compounds useful for photocrhomic articles | |
ES2086150T5 (en) | DEVICE FOR FEEDING PRINT PLATES TO THE CYLINDER HOLDER OF PRINTING MACHINES, ESPECIALLY OFFSET PRINTING MACHINES. | |
GB1339256A (en) | Activators for peroxy compounds | |
EP0544491A2 (en) | Synthesis of manganese oxidation catalyst | |
CA2278694A1 (en) | Sulfamide-metalloprotease inhibitors | |
ES394421A1 (en) | Phenyl-imidazolylalkanyl derivatives | |
ES8107240A1 (en) | Salts of cationic brighteners, their preparation and their use on organic materials as well as their concentrated aqueous solutions. | |
CO4950618A1 (en) | PROTEASE INHIBITORS | |
MY120800A (en) | Cationic ruthenium complexes, their production and their use. | |
MX9603202A (en) | Process for epoxidising prochiral olefins and a catalyst therefor and intermediates for making the catalyst. | |
ATE250660T1 (en) | BLEACHING AGENT SYSTEMS CONTAINING BIS- AND TRIS-(MU-OXO)-DI-MANGANE COMPLEX SALTS | |
ES2244424T3 (en) | COMPOSITION AND PROCEDURE FOR WHITENING A SUBSTRATE. | |
GB1246817A (en) | Chemical activators for peroxy-compounds | |
BG104505A (en) | Process for the preparation of thiazolidinedione derivatives | |
FR1454836A (en) | Extractor for removing a machined part from the tool of a punching machine | |
Ihara et al. | Synthetic DNA ligands conjugated with metal binding moiety. Regulation of the interaction with DNA by metal ions and the ligand effect on metal assisted DNA cleaving | |
ATE383200T1 (en) | PHOSPHINE COMPOUNDS, TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES WITH THE COMPOUNDS CONTAINED THEREIN AS LIGANDS, AND ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESIS CATALYSTS WITH THESE COMPLEXES | |
ES453787A1 (en) | Substd. tetrahydro-gamma-carbolines and pyrrolo-(3,4-b)-indoles - as tranquillizers for the treatment of schizophrenia | |
AU2431600A (en) | Method for extracting anions of ivb to viii metals using alkyl-substituted 1,3-diaminopropanes | |
ES2186636T3 (en) | DEFOSPHABENCENE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR EMPLOYMENT AS LIGANDS FOR HYDROFORMED CATALYSTS. | |
YU184991A (en) | FUNGICIDE COMPOUNDS | |
ES422040A1 (en) | Hydrazide salts | |
ES8505996A1 (en) | Sulfenamide derivatives, process for their preparation, and medicaments containing these compounds. | |
ES2021476B3 (en) | AZOLYL METHYL CYCLOPROPAN AND ITS APPLICATION AS A PLANT PROTECTIVE MEDIA |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FG | Grant, registration |