AP380A

AP380A - Swashplate type movement air motor.

Info

Publication number: AP380A
Application number: APAP/P/1991/000330A
Authority: AP
Inventors: Jeremy Neville Sanders
Original assignee: Jeremy Neville Sanders
Priority date: 1990-09-04
Filing date: 1991-09-04
Publication date: 1995-04-04
Also published as: AP9100330A0

Abstract

The motor consists of a cylindrical pressure vessel sitting on an inclined disc. The pressure vessel is sealed to the inclined disc and flat plate above it. The high air pressure in the cylindrical pressure vessel causes it to rotate, and a swashplate type motion executed under the inclined disc keeps it in contact with the rotating cylindrical pressure vessel.

Description

This invention relates to a nigh pressure air motor which is driven by a fixed quantity of high pressure air. '

The motor does not hove a history and is not in use in the world today.

The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which

Drawing 1.7 shows a semi cross sectional side view of the motor.

Drawing 2.7 shows an isometric view of the motor.

Drawing 5.7 shows detail of the seals used in the cylindrical pressure vessel.

Sheets 4*7 and 5.7¹shows calculations proving the motors operation and some annotated diagrams.

The motor consists of a high pressure air filled cylindrical pressure vessel (essentially a cylinder open at 50 at its aft end and closed at its front end) sitting on an inclined disc which theoretically Can be inclined o

at any angle below 90 from the horizontal however certain motor parts such as gears would be larger but increase in size in ratio to the inclined discs angle of inclination.

o

In tnis case it is JO. The aft end of the cylindrical o

pressure vessel I is open at JO and therefore its own angle is horizontal. The cylindrical pressure vessel I has an up pipe which meets the fixed flat plate 9 above it.

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The cylindrical pressure vessel I is attached to a central shaft supported by lubricated roller bearings which it drives by a connecting arm 13.

The cylindrical pressure vessel I is sealed to the inclined disc 2 by a universal movement spherical spring loaded seal 14 and to the upper fixed plate 9 hy a cylindrical spring loaded seal 15·

The inclined disc 2 is supported by a central ball and socket swivel joint 3 to which it is attached (to the ball) by radial arms 16.

The central ball and socket swivel joint 3 is supported by an anchor arm I? which is fixed to the upper flat plate 9· c

SIXTEEN leverage quadrants 4 spaced at £l*5intervals on the inclined discs outer circumference 2 are equally circlar to the inclined discs outer circle 2. The leverage quadrants 4 nave gear teeth along outersides which mesh with the gear teeth of their quadrant leverage drive gears 5· The central driven shaft is attached centrally to a drive gear 18 which drives the quadrant leverage drive gears 5 is 53· 3333333H diameter of the inclined disc 2 outer diameter. This gear is the same size as the quadrant leverage drive gears 5· A series of drive gears (not shown) drive the |fc . leverage quadrant drive gears.

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The cylindrical pressure vessel I is filled with high pressure air ar.d the cylindrical pressure vessel I to inclined disc 2 universal spherical spring loaded seal 14 and up pipe to upper fixed plate 9 cylindrical spring loaded seal maintain the air pressure inside the cylindrical pressure vessel I.

The forward facing force in the cylindrical pressure vessel provided hy the air at high pressure is the only resultant force acting in the vessel as the upward coupon ent is cancelled as it acts against the upper fixed flat plate 9 therefore the cylindrical pressure vessel I will move forward. Is it moves forward (rotates) the inclined disc 2. is kept in contact with the cylindrical pressure vessel I in order to maintain air pressure inside it and maintain rotation by being moved in a swashplate or ocillatory motion. The inclined disc 2 does not actually rotate with the cylindrical pressure vessel I but moves up ar.c. down to maintain contact. As the cylindrical pressure vessel begins to rotate the inclined disc is moved up to meet it by the action of the quadrant leverage gears 5 moving the leverage quadrants 4.

When the cylindrical pressure vessel I has rotated one revolution the inclined disc 2 will have completed one swashplate (or ocillatory) motion therefore the disc 2 andcylindrica. pressure vessel will have maintained contact during the revolution. The drive gear will also have rotated one revolution and therefore the quadrant leverage drive gears will have completed one revolution each as they have the same diameter as the drive gear which is of the total outside diameter of

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the inclined disc and the width of the quadrant leverage segments. The quadrant leverage drive gears which create the swashplate motion rotate half a revolution in one direction and in the opposite direction for the other half of the revolution. This is achieved by _a rotation direction switching ...cch?nis..:.

The quadrant leverage drive gears are at different heights. In relation to the inclined disc 2 however the quadrent leverage drive gears centers 5 are all at the height of the ball and socket joint 3. 'Vith one rotation of the quadrant drive gears - drive gear IS the quadrant drive gears 5 7-111 have completed one revolution each-y a revolution in one direction and the other £ a revolution in the other direction. This change of rotational direction is achieved by the rotational direction switching mechanism in order to produce up and down swashplate movement of the inclined disc 2.

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Swashplate Type movement 'ir Motor

Liogroffl of preffered design for creating swashplate motion

This mechanism of creating disc 2 swashplate motion consists of the quadrant leverage drive gear 5 quadrant segment 20 which has gear teeth , quadrant segment guid guide 21 , quadrant to disc rollers 22 which are free to swivel by the shaft which joins them to the quadrant segment 20. This shaft has a roller bearing between it and the quadrant segment 2o.

The quadrant leverage drive gear 5 when rotating (motor in motion) moves the quadrant segment 20 up and down. For one revolution of the quadrant leverage drive gear 5 the quadrant segment 20 will havemoved up through 60 of travel and down through 60° of travel The rotational direction switching mechanism operates to reverse the direction of rotation of the quadrant leverage drive gears 5 although the QUadrant leverage gears -drive gear 18 which drives them through a gear train ana individual switching mechanisms rotates in one directbon -the D.O.R. of the motor.

The quadrant to disc rollers 22 which are free to swivel on shaft 23 are the means by which the inclined disc2 is heldso that it moves up and down with the quadrant segment £0 when it moves.

The rollers22 which are freec to rotate around their own shafts have no clearance between themselves and the inclined disc 2, and allow the disc to move laterally as it is moved in a swashplate manner. There is lateral motion as depicted on the lateral motion diagram on the next page.

As the quadrant segment20 moves up and down it is guided in its movement by the quadrant segment guide 21 which if reffering to diagram 7-7^2, can be seen that it is of sleeve design with slots running at both its

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PREFFERED DESIGN FOR CREATING S'.VASHFLATE MOTION

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Fore and aft sides in relation to the inclined disc 2 These slots are lipped as shown on the quadrant segment guide 21 , diagram 7-7* in order to contain the quadrant segment20 as it is moved up and down.

These slots are I. on theforeside to allow the quadrant to disc rollers 22 freedom of up and down movement and2. on the aftside to allows the quadrant leverage d drive gears 5 to contact thequadrant segment 20 teeth. The quadrant segment guide 21 must be lubricated or have small internal rollers to facilitate free movement ι -- up and down of the quadrant segment20.

^rhe nuncirrnt units as a whole should be located points around the disc and equally spaced apart

i.e. acing in order to overcome the couple(of fo rces) created by the air pressure acting on the inclined disc 2 in the cylindrical pressure vessel I as it rotes around the disc.

All gear and quadrant teeth of the motor must be close meshingwith no clearance otherwise slack will be gained between inclined disc and cylindrical pressure vessel I which will increase until seal between the the two is lost causing loss of air pressure and motor stoppage.

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Ewashplate type movement air motor

The upper fixed flat plate 9 is stationary and must oc horizontal to the plane of rotation of the cylindrical pressure vessel I. Its surface must be as smooth and frictionless as possible to maintain seal and reduce drag with the rotating C.P.V.I. ill bearings and gear bearings must be lubricated. Puileyo and belts eoul-d be used in-otc-ad of gearsThe upper surface of the inclined disc2 must be as smooth and fricticnless as possible to maintain seal and minimise drag on the rotating cylindrical pressure vessel I .

SealsHi and 15 must be of a high density plastic '.vith a tendency to deform rather than flake under friction conditions.

The motor must be made of high strength low weight materials with weight reduced items i.e by removing excess and the addition of ribs for example on the underside of the inclined disc 2 and radial arms 16. The circumference of the quadrant drive gears-drive gear 18 and quadrant leverage drive gears 5 is exactly equal in lengthto the distance moved by the inclined disc 2 in one ocillatory or swashplate movement i.e the disc at its circumference moving through 120® o o of travel( up 60 and down 60 ). This relationship means that the size of the quadrant drive gears-drive gear 18 is the smallest it can be in order to produce the greatest leverage leverage to move quadrants and achieve complete up and down disc movement in one revolution of the C.P.V.I. I.E the following diagram illustrates this pointBAD ORIGINAL

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V λ

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H ί

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F*s frontal force causing rotation of the C.P.V. I X = distance to driven shaft

Y = length of radius of quadrant drive gear(18 on drav® ing)

P — Any point on circumference of quadrant drive gear

----To find torque at poi nt P or force available to produce swashplate motion and drive motor

F*x Xy-Y - P

The larger the length of Y the less torque created at point P.

The size of the quadrant drive gear 18 is 33*3333331% of the O.D. of the inclined disc 2 including quadr-nt s segment v.idths ; this size of gear is the optimum size - one revolution of the cylindrical pressure vessel I and therefore one revolution of the drive gear 18 creates, through the use oflj or ktorc leverage quadrants , one up and down swashplate movement of the inclined disc 2.

The rotational speed of the motor vd.ll be relatively low but an increase in motor size will give an increase in power.

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In the process of driving the disc in SWashplatftotion only three quadrants at a time are driven. There are 16 quadrants spaced at 22.5° intervals round the inclined disc 2. There are 16 quadrants drive gears 18 driven by the drive shaft and each of these driven gears has gears for only one sixteenth of its circumference and are so situated above each other that as the lower gear has meshed with the drive train and driven it for l/16th of a revolution, the gear above it will just be starting to mesh with its drive train and so on upwards to the 16th Jear. Eachjear on the drive shaft drives Three quadrants in succesion around the disc for a sixteenth of revolutic.

As a greater leverage is gained for causing swashplate motion when 3 quadra, are driven succesively.

When each drive gear is not driving its drive train the rive train gears will continue to rotate as the next drive gear is driving its drive train moving The disc in a swashplate motion and therefore moving the quadrants, the quadrants will then drive the drive train of gears(when their particular drive gear is not meshing) until their particular drive gear meshes and takes over the process of driving the drive train for the next one sixteenth of a revolution. The situations of the drive gears on the drive shaft and the sitution of the three quadrants they drive is depicted on the next diagram of the three quadrants two will always be opposite each other and the third at 90° to the other two.

The gear train driven by the one sixteenth circumference geared drive gears contains two half-circumference geared gears that act to change the direction of rotation of the gear drive train after it has rotated through half A revolution(see diagram 7-7) it achieves this rotation direction reversal by the situation of the two half geared gears in the drive train and the no of gears after the lower half geared gear in line to the drive train.

The rotational reversal mechanism is there so that once the inclined disc has reached the top of its travel in fe/dhon to its quadrant it reverses its direction and moves downwards. A series of stops situated above and below the quadrant segment guides take the load of the gear reversal mechanism by stoping the quadrant segment at the <iXact top and bottom of their limits

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G3 bvashplate type movement air motor

There are sixteen leverage quadrants spaced at equal intervals around the inclined disc (22.5 )· Only three leverage quadrants are used at any one time to create swashplate type motion of the inclined disc.

The relative position of'. the cylindrical pressure vessel to the three leverage quadrants remains constant as , as the C.P.v. moves and thethree quadrants move the disc in swashplate motion to maintain contact with it the next three leverage quadrants in succesion come in to opersci -on. and so on . The motor is designer co that one revolution of the G.r.v. and tnerefore one xevolution of the central drive gear will Operate all sixteen leverage quadrants toproduce a full swashplate motion of the inclined disc for one revolution of the, cylindrical pressure vessel.

refering to sketch 5 , item I , it can be seen that two leverage quadranc -s are opposite uach other and the third at 90 to the other two.

Quadrant i will be moving the disc upwards at its point, quadrant 1 will be moving the disc downwards at its point , and quadranti will at this point be reversing its direction‘->firoKupwarcs to oownwards. ihe relative position of rne υ.τ.» to tne 3 quadrants is shown on the sketch as X .When the C.F.7 reaches midpoint between points X and ϊ on the sketch drive to quadrants I , I , I , will terminate and drive supplied to quadrants 2 , 2 , and 2 . Quadrant 2 will continue moving the disc upwards , 2 will continue moving the disc downwards and quadrant 2 willat this point be reversing its direction fromupwards to downwards.when the c.P.v reaches midpoint between points ϊ and Z the next three quadrants in succesion, namely 3,3, and 3 , will 02 c brought into operation and so on tnroughout cylindricax pressure vessel rotation, rotational reversal of the quadrant drive gears is achieved by the reversal mechanism depicted on drawing 7-7.

The load appliedc to the quadrant drive gears during directional reversal is taken by stops on each quadrant drive gear which come in to contact with each other at the instance of reversal.

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Swashplate type movement air motor - general

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In order to create swashplate movement of the inclined disc 2 to keep it in contact with the cylindrical pressure vessel I when it rotates, the torque created, by the cylindrical pressure vessel I( C.P.V I ) is utilised to oppose the downward force on the disc 2 created by the air pressure inside the C.P.V. I. and create swashplate motion.

This means that a percentage of the usefull torque created by the motor is used to operate the motor.

The ratio of the torque created by the C.P.V. I. and therefore totat motor torque _r compared to the downward torque on the disc 2 which it has to overcome to create swashplate motion and motor operation is 100 - . This means that the there is actually 42 units of torque available to swashplate the disc 2 over and above the units of torque ,provided by the 100 units, after S3 of the 100 units have been used to equalise the downward torque on the inclined disc 2. The usefull torque of the motor is greater than the opposing downward force on the disc. -?«·« caIc^ Ic Λύί. The up pipe on the C.P.V I. which causes the air pressu -re to act against the fixed flat plate and not cause an upward moment on the C.P.V. I. means that there is id bending moment on the drive shaft which would cause inc -reased friction between it and its bearings reduces motor frictional power loss.

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ABSTRACT

The motor consists of a cylindrical pressure vessel sittxng on an inc', -d disc.The pressure vessel is sealed to the inclined disc and flat plate above it. xhe high air pressure in the cylindrical pressure vessel causes it to i-otate, and a swashplate type motion executed the inclined disc Keeps it in contact with the rotating cylindrical pressure vessel.

Claims

1- I oy inclining the disc inclined disc) it is possible to achieve cylindrical pressure vessel rotation

2- 1 Sy the inclusion of the υΡ pipe on the cylindrical pressure vess.' the normally present upwrrci iurce is cancelled against the fixes xlat plate and no bending moment is felt by the driven shaft therefore there is no motor power loss due to increased oe.?rin^ friction.

3- 1 The size <,1 the quadrant drive gears - drive gear is optimum;

33.333331 3' of the outsiue diameter of the inclined disc including (as di a... c ter) the distances tu the quadrant segments gear teeth centres in oruer to achieve sia>i:..un torque to erect·swashplate motion of the disc for each revolution of the cylir.dri pressure vessel.

4- 1 The use of ouaurent segments with quadrant guides means that swashplate causing torque supplied by the quadrant drive gears is maintained throughout their up and down motion as theleverage arm of the quadrants (quadrant segments to ball and socket joint distance) is constant throughout quadrant segment up and down movt -ment.

5- 1 The use of swivelling quadrant segment to inclined disc rollers maintains 'grip* between the two and means that any rearward motion of the inclined disc is catered for and will not cause a rearward force to be created bn tne quadrant segments causing motor frictional losses.

6- 1 The utilisation of only two or three quadrant segments at any one time to create swashplate motion of the inclined disc provides the maximum torque for doing so at all relative positions of the cylindrical pressure vessel.

7- 1 xhe design of the gear rotational direction switching mechanism

- using two half circumference geared gears in specific positions in the gear train allows uninterrupted gear rotion direction change with minimum loss of motor power.