AP154A - System for continuos liberation of vitamin A and other active principles into drinking water. - Google Patents
System for continuos liberation of vitamin A and other active principles into drinking water. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AP154A AP154A APAP/P/1990/000204A AP9000204A AP154A AP 154 A AP154 A AP 154A AP 9000204 A AP9000204 A AP 9000204A AP 154 A AP154 A AP 154A
- Authority
- AP
- ARIPO
- Prior art keywords
- vitamin
- water
- active principle
- liberation
- membrane
- Prior art date
Links
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 27
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 title claims description 27
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 title claims description 27
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 title description 6
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 title description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000592 inorganic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- VYGQUTWHTHXGQB-FFHKNEKCSA-N Retinol Palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C VYGQUTWHTHXGQB-FFHKNEKCSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 11
- VYGQUTWHTHXGQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Retinol hexadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C VYGQUTWHTHXGQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940108325 retinyl palmitate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000019172 retinyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011769 retinyl palmitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012086 standard solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 208000005494 xerophthalmia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000010011 Vitamin A Deficiency Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000816 toxic dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
- C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
- C02F1/688—Devices in which the water progressively dissolves a solid compound
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/045—Hydroxy compounds, e.g. alcohols; Salts thereof, e.g. alcoholates
- A61K31/07—Retinol compounds, e.g. vitamin A
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
- A61K31/23—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin of acids having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0002—Galenical forms characterised by the drug release technique; Application systems commanded by energy
- A61K9/0004—Osmotic delivery systems; Sustained release driven by osmosis, thermal energy or gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/04—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices using osmotic pressure using membranes, porous plates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/42—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from bathing facilities, e.g. swimming pools
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an apparatus allowing continuos and regular liberation of an active principle,
Description
SYSTEM FOR CONTINUOUS LIBERATION OF VITAMIN A
AND OTHER ACTIVE PRINCIPLES INTO DRINKING WATER
The present invention relates to systems for liberating vitamin A and other active principles into drinking water. More particularly the invention provides a system for continuous liberation of an active principle into water in wells and boreholes containing water.
It is estimated that at present several tens of millions of persons have a vitamin A deficiency. This deficiency reveals itself in problems of xerophthalmia and blindness. The parts of the world which are most affected are Africa, Asia and Latin America. Among these, the zones of the Sahel and the Southern Sahel are gravely affected (Benin, Burkina Faso, Mali and Mauritania).
This lack is revealed on the level of human health by xerophthalmias, lowered resistance to infection and increased mortality. One of the actions being carried out at present by the World Health Organization is distribution of oral doses of 200,000 international units of vitamin A in capsule form twice a year.
As it is difficult to distribute the necessary dose of vitamin A biannually to each inhabitant, it has been hoped to provide everyone with vitamin A in a natural manner by means of drinking water. The problem was to find a system « for continuous liberation of vitamin A which is as easy is possible to implement and allows as regular as possible a delivery—of-the-vitamin--A over prolonged periods. The : · ..... s 1 ι
AP 0 0 0 1 5 4 apparatus should not need to be changed more than 3 or 4 times per year in order to avoid too frequent attendance of a person at water points, which are widely dispersed in these desert zones.
The present invention achieves this objective:
i.e. it makes possible continuous and regular liberation of vitamin A into drinking water for periods of at least three months.
There exist numerous patents describing the 10 regular liberation of active principles, among them vitamins, in the human or animal body, such as, for example US Patents 3,946,734, 3,977,404, and European Patents 40,457, 262,422, which in no way correspond to the problem which the present invention tries to resolve.
Among the apparatus describing regular liberation of active principles into the surrounding medium (water, air or earth), there may be mentioned US Patent 4,300,558, European Patent 40,457, British patent 2,182,559, and US Patent 4,618,487, which describe systems in which an 20 osmotic difference is established between the interior of an apparatus containing the active principle to be diffused and a mineral salt, and the exterior. The large quantity of salt attracts water from the exterior environment, which crosses the wall of the apparatus, dissolves the salt and the active 25 principle and escapes through an orifice made in«the wall of the apparatus. The exterior wall is generally permeable to water and impermeable to the active principle.
This apparatus has the inconvenience of
BAD ORIGINAL requiring the manufacture of a delivery system made of semipermeable material, and the use of a large quantity of mineral salt besides the active principle, which will inevitably be liberated with the latter. In the case of the addition of active principles to drinking water, the minimum amount of salt should be liberated so as not to modify the taste of the water since it must subsequently be absorbed by man and animals.
,·«
The present invention provides apparatus for 10 continuous and regular liberation of an active principle into domestic water in particular, without the concomitant liberation of mineral salts, which comprises a receptacle for the active principle which is impermeable to water and to the active principle, and which is provided with an opening closed by a membrane which is permeable to water and to the active principle and which preferably has a mean pore diameter greater than 0.05 micron, and more preferably between 0.1 and 20 microns.
The receptacle is, as mentioned above, impermeable to water and to the active principle. It preferably is made of a plastics or glass material and in particular has a form suitable for its introduction and adaptation to the environment in which the water to be treated is found.
?5 . The active principle is,, as specified above, preferably vitamin A or one of its esters such as, for example, the palmitate. Vitamin A, being lipophilic, is
BAD ORIGIN*»^ .
introduced into the receptacle in a water-dispersible or water-soluble form, preferably in a liquid water-dispersible form consisting of an oil-in-water emulsion. The waterdispersible vitamin A preparations sold under the trade marks Cryptovit or Microvit can also be used. The use of a vater-dispersible liquid form available commercially and sold under the trade mark Hydrovit, which contains 200,000 IU of vitamin A per 250 ml, is preferred.
The membrane closing the opening is made of a material which is permeable to water and to the vitamin A emulsion. Suitable materials include:
- organic polymers such as:
. acrylic polymers, . polyvinylchloride, . cellulose esters, . polysulphones, . polycarbonates, . polyvinylidenefluoride, and . polytetrafluoroethylene; and
- inorganic polymers such as ceramic membranes.
The size of the membrane and the mean pore diameter can be determined by those skilled in the art as a function of the desired flow rate of the vitamin A or other active principle. A flow of Hydrovit^ of between 5 and 50 mg per square centimetre of membrane per hour seems sufficient. In order to allow these flows, membranes having surface areas of 30 to 100 cm2 (which corresponds to
BAD ORIGINAL openings of 3 to 6 cn diameter) and having pore diameters from 1.5 μ to 0.5 μ may, in particular, be used.
The apparatus of the invention are used, in the places where the water to be treated is located, in particular veils and boreholes, by immersion in the water, and then liberate continuously an appropriate quantity of vitamin A at a dcse level which is sufficient to ensure the indispensible minimum fcr human and animal consumption without, however, reaching toxic doses, which are estimated to be about 600,000 IU per 24 hours per person.
According to one method of installation, mentioned by way of example, an apparatus according to the invention, containing the vitamin A emulsion sold under the trade mark Hydrovit, is used in a well with a flow rate of 600 litres of water per hour. When it is desired to liberate 250 micrograms of vitamin A per litre of water for a period of at least 3 months, about 5 kg of Hydrovit® is required, and this quantity would be introduced into a flask provided with a microfiltration membrane the surface area and pore size characteristics of which are suitable for the desired flow rate of vitamin A. This flow rate allows absorption by each human being of a daily dose of vitamin A of 500 micrograms, on the basis that each individual absorbs about 2 litres of water per day.
. The invention -is illustrated by the following,
Examples.
bad ORIGINAL
EXAMPLE 1
Hydrovit® (250 ml) containing 200,000 IU of vitamin A is introduced into a 250 ml glass receptacle(1) as shown in Figure 5 having an orifice(2) of 1 cm^ surface area. The orifice is closed with a microporous membrane(3) the mean pore diameter of which is equal to 1.5 μπι (sold under the trade name Techsep Iris0 56-25) . The membrane is inserted between two teflon joints (4,5), and the whole is fixed to the bottle(l) with a screw cap(6). The whole is then immersed in a receptacle containing, as elution medium, distilled water (4 litres) which is protected from light.
The elution medium is equipped with a slowmoving (100 rev/min) magnetic stirring system which ensures that the solution is homogeneous.
Experimental protocol for the measurement of the elution kinetics
Samples are taken every two days. The vitamin A concentration is determined by UV spectrophotometric measurement at a wavelength of 316 nra. A calibration curve established beforehand using standard solutions of concentrations between 1 and 15 mg/1 (of vitamin A palmitate) allows the concentration of the solution to be obtained .
The elution medium is changed at each sampling • · 1 * in order to maintain sink conditions. By sink conditions is understood dilution conditions such that there is /fip--hrnTiting-*iayer· phenomenon in the neighbourhood of the
.. I S !
' — bad ORIGINAL
AP 0 0 0 1 5 4 i
membrane .
The curve corresponding to the elution kinetics is shown in Figure 1, which plots quantity of vitamin A palmitate liberated as a function of time. The curve of the percentage of vitamin λ palmitate liberated as a function of time for the same elution kinetics is shown in Figure 2.
Controlled liberation of vitamin A over periods of 3 months (in the example 30% was eluted in 50 days) and daily flow rates corresponding to the objective (about 300 mg/d vitamin A palmitate) can be obtained without difficulty using a 40 cm2 membrane.
EXAMPLE 2
Hydrovit (250 ml) containing 200,000 IU of vitamin A is introduced into a 250 ml glass receptacle(1) as shown in Figure 5 having an orifice(2) of 1.8 cm2 area. The orifice is then closed with a microporous membrane(3) the mean pore diameter of which is equal to 0.1 μπ» (sold under the trade name Techsep Iri s© 65-02). The membrane is inserted between two teflon joints (4,5), and the whole is fixed to the bottle(l) using a screw cap(6). The assembly is then immersed in a receptacle containing, as elution medium, distilled water (4 litres) which is protected from 1ight.
The elqtion medium is equipped with a slowmoving (100 rev/min) magnetic stirring system which ensures that the solution is homogeneous. '
BAD ORIGINAL* I
Experimental protocol for the measurement of the elution
Kinetics
Samples are taken every two days. The vitamin A concentration is determined by UV spectrophotometric measurement at a wavelength of 316 nm. A calibration curve established beforehand using standard solutions of concentrations between 1 and 15 mg/1 (of vitamin A palmitate) allows the concentration of the solution to be obtained.
The elution medium is changed at each sampling in order to maintain sink'* conditions.
The curve corresponding to the elution kinetics, which plots quantity of vitamin A palmitate liberated as a function of time, is shown in Figure 3.
The curve of the percentage of vitamin A liberated as a function of time for the same elution kinetics is shown in Figure 4.
Controlled liberation of vitamin A over periods of 3 months (in the example 30% was eluted in 50 days) and daily flow rates corresponding to the objective (about 300 mg/d vitamin A palmitate) can be obtained without difficulty using a 75 cm2 membrane.
Claims (8)
1. An apparatus for continuous and regular liberation of an active principle into water for domestic use which comprises a receptacle for the active principle
5 which is impermeable to water and to the active principle, and which is provided with an opening closed by a membrane which is permeable to water and to the active principle and which has a mean pore diameter greater than 0.05 micron.
2. An apparatus according to claim 1, in 10 which the membrane is made of an organic polymer or copolymer or an inorganic polymer.
3. An apparatus according to claim 2 in which the said membrane is made of a polyacrylate, polyvinyl-chloride, a cellulose ester, a polysulphone,
15 polyvinylidenefluoride, a polycarbonate, polytetrafluoroethylene, or a ceramic membrane.
4. An apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or containing the active principle.
5. An apparatus according to claim 4, in 20 which the active principle is vitamin A or an ester of vitamin A.
6. An apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, in which the active principle is in a solid or liquid water dispersible form.
2.5
7. An· apparatus according *to claim 4 substantially as described in Example 1 or 2.
8. Method for the treatment of water for domestic consumption which comprises immersing in said water
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8911823A FR2651643B1 (en) | 1989-09-11 | 1989-09-11 | SYSTEM FOR THE CONTINUOUS RELEASE OF VITAMIN A IN THE FEEDING WATER. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AP9000204A0 AP9000204A0 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
| AP154A true AP154A (en) | 1991-11-05 |
Family
ID=9385300
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| APAP/P/1990/000204A AP154A (en) | 1989-09-11 | 1990-09-10 | System for continuos liberation of vitamin A and other active principles into drinking water. |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5298248A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0418128B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH03106495A (en) |
| AP (1) | AP154A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE91117T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU639258B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9004696A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2024939A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69002091T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0418128T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2041515T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2651643B1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR3008378T3 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL95629A0 (en) |
| OA (1) | OA09310A (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA907132B (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5497763A (en) * | 1993-05-21 | 1996-03-12 | Aradigm Corporation | Disposable package for intrapulmonary delivery of aerosolized formulations |
| US6065690A (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 2000-05-23 | O'brien; Daniel | Tension actuated submerged liquid dispenser |
| US7452350B2 (en) * | 2003-07-09 | 2008-11-18 | Yeakley Rourke M | Pre-dosed oral liquid medication dispensing system |
| JP2004309497A (en) * | 2004-06-04 | 2004-11-04 | Nippon Api Corp | Liquid sample container for producing standard gas and standard gas producer |
| US8801688B2 (en) * | 2008-10-14 | 2014-08-12 | Mead Johnson Nutrition Company | Nutritive substance delivery container |
| US8109917B2 (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2012-02-07 | Rourke M. Yeakley | Twistable medication dispensing system |
| US8206368B2 (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2012-06-26 | Rourke M. Yeakley | Multi-chamber mixture dispensing system |
| WO2011151157A1 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2011-12-08 | Unilever Nv | A fortificant dispensing device |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE696626C (en) * | 1936-09-11 | 1940-09-25 | Carbo Norit Union Verwaltungs | |
| EP0262422A1 (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1988-04-06 | Teikoku Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Sustained release dosage form |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3521784A (en) * | 1968-11-29 | 1970-07-28 | Du Pont | Closure-cap having venting gasket |
| GB1312447A (en) * | 1969-05-14 | 1973-04-04 | Nat Res Dev | Method of continuous addition of a component to a chemical or biological system and apparatus therefor |
| US3557989A (en) * | 1969-05-19 | 1971-01-26 | Scott Plastics Corp | Permeable closure liner |
| US3760804A (en) * | 1971-01-13 | 1973-09-25 | Alza Corp | Improved osmotic dispenser employing magnesium sulphate and magnesium chloride |
| US3760805A (en) * | 1971-01-13 | 1973-09-25 | Alza Corp | Osmotic dispenser with collapsible supply container |
| US3916899A (en) * | 1973-04-25 | 1975-11-04 | Alza Corp | Osmotic dispensing device with maximum and minimum sizes for the passageway |
| DE2403244C3 (en) * | 1974-01-24 | 1980-12-04 | Riedel-De Haen Ag, 3016 Seelze | For gases permeable, liquid-tight shut-off device |
| US3946734A (en) * | 1975-02-19 | 1976-03-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of State | Apparatus for controlling the release of a drug |
| US3977404A (en) * | 1975-09-08 | 1976-08-31 | Alza Corporation | Osmotic device having microporous reservoir |
| US4309996A (en) * | 1980-04-28 | 1982-01-12 | Alza Corporation | System with microporous releasing diffusor |
| US4300558A (en) * | 1980-07-18 | 1981-11-17 | Alza Corporation | Self-driven fluid dispenser |
| AU591171B2 (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1989-11-30 | Alza Corporation | Dispenser for delivering thermo-responsive composition |
| US4618487A (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1986-10-21 | Alza Corporation | Device for administering calcium ascorbate |
| US4769144A (en) * | 1986-01-24 | 1988-09-06 | Alan R. Filson | Water treatment apparatus |
| EP0246062A3 (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1988-07-06 | Outdoor Industries Limited | Improvements in or relating to chlorination of water |
-
1989
- 1989-09-11 FR FR8911823A patent/FR2651643B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1990
- 1990-09-07 EP EP90402468A patent/EP0418128B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-07 ZA ZA907132A patent/ZA907132B/en unknown
- 1990-09-07 AU AU62281/90A patent/AU639258B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1990-09-07 DK DK90402468.4T patent/DK0418128T3/en active
- 1990-09-07 AT AT90402468T patent/ATE91117T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-09-07 DE DE90402468T patent/DE69002091T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1990-09-07 ES ES199090402468T patent/ES2041515T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-09-10 AP APAP/P/1990/000204A patent/AP154A/en active
- 1990-09-10 BR BR909004696A patent/BR9004696A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-09-10 IL IL95629A patent/IL95629A0/en unknown
- 1990-09-10 JP JP2237262A patent/JPH03106495A/en active Pending
- 1990-09-10 CA CA002024939A patent/CA2024939A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-09-11 OA OA59853A patent/OA09310A/en unknown
-
1992
- 1992-02-18 US US07/835,079 patent/US5298248A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-07-01 GR GR930400413T patent/GR3008378T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE696626C (en) * | 1936-09-11 | 1940-09-25 | Carbo Norit Union Verwaltungs | |
| EP0262422A1 (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1988-04-06 | Teikoku Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Sustained release dosage form |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69002091T2 (en) | 1993-10-14 |
| JPH03106495A (en) | 1991-05-07 |
| AU639258B2 (en) | 1993-07-22 |
| FR2651643A1 (en) | 1991-03-15 |
| EP0418128A1 (en) | 1991-03-20 |
| BR9004696A (en) | 1991-09-10 |
| GR3008378T3 (en) | 1993-10-29 |
| CA2024939A1 (en) | 1991-03-12 |
| FR2651643B1 (en) | 1993-06-18 |
| AP9000204A0 (en) | 1990-10-31 |
| DE69002091D1 (en) | 1993-08-05 |
| ES2041515T3 (en) | 1993-11-16 |
| AU6228190A (en) | 1991-03-14 |
| OA09310A (en) | 1992-09-15 |
| ZA907132B (en) | 1991-07-31 |
| EP0418128B1 (en) | 1993-06-30 |
| US5298248A (en) | 1994-03-29 |
| DK0418128T3 (en) | 1993-08-16 |
| ATE91117T1 (en) | 1993-07-15 |
| IL95629A0 (en) | 1991-06-30 |
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