KR960004472B1 - Organic fertilizer and its method - Google Patents

Abstract

The organic fertilizer is prepared by (A) removing various impurities from organic waste ; (B) blending soil microorganisms and fertilizer components with the refined organic waste ; (C) fermenting the blended materials for 2-10 days ; and (D) completely aging the fermented product and drying it to the water content of 10-20%. Foamed vermiculite is added in a ratio of 10-40% with respect to the total raw material. For the fermentation process anaerobic digestion is conducted at 20-40 deg.C and aerobic digestion at 40-60 deg.C, while the humidity being maintained at 40-75%.

Description

Manufacturing method of organic fertilizer of organic waste using expanded vermiculite

1 is a flowchart illustrating the manufacturing process of the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols for main parts of the drawings

1: debris removal device 2: main raw material storage

3: transfer conveyor 4: subsidiary material storage tank

5 Mixer 6 Closed Fermentation Tank

7: open fermentation tank 8: ripening drying inspection tank

The present invention relates to a novel method for producing fertilizer by fermenting an organic waste mixture. More specifically, liquid wastes of household wastes (eg, food waste, food processing residues), side powder, pig manure or various animal and animal fluids, and organic sludge after wastewater treatment can be fermented by fermentation in a short time by adding calcite to fertilizer. It relates to a manufacturing process and an organic fertilizer obtained through the process. Various wastes and animal and vegetable fluids can be used as fertilizers as a rich organic phase material, and the method of manufacturing fertilizers using alkaline degrading bacteria in Korea Special Publication No. 81-1816 (fertilizer manufacturing method based on manure). In this method, Korean Patent Application No. 80-604 proposes a method for producing fertilizers using decayed bacteria and zeolites in a method for producing organic fertilizers based on manure. In addition, Korean Special Publication No. 89-4195 (Servo Fertilizer Manufacturing Equipment) or Korean Special Publication No. 83-2769 (Manufacturing Method of Distribution Fertilizer) is provided.

The various inventions described above have been required to improve the fermentation target in the manure, such as servings or side powders in the anaerobic state because the fermentation time is prolonged. That is, since the strains for decomposing organic matters are capable of active growth during sufficient oxygen supply, the present inventions require various air supply devices, resulting in problems such as large-scale equipment and cost increase.

The present invention proposes to ferment aging irrespective of type, such as wastes of various living, concentrated, or food processing companies, and provides a fermentation process for fermentation by administering porous bilfospar and soil group microorganisms together with organic fertilizers. The purpose is to provide.

1st process (Scrap removal process)

Depending on the type and nature of the collected main raw materials (organic waste or less), the pretreatment process removes contaminants to increase efficiency in the fermentation process and breaks them into suitable fine particles. Including a device, characterized in that it utilizes the difference in air buoyancy due to aeration for removal of plastic bags used for packaging, in particular from shredded waste (food waste, etc.).

2nd process (raw material mixing process)

『Deflated vermiculite』 and soil microbial fermentation bacteria are added, and additives (sawdust, wild weeds, sugar cane, crests, rice hulls, fish meal, bone meal, bone meal, etc.) for supplementing insufficient inactive ingredients of main raw materials are selectively selected. In the mixing process, the mixing of the vermiculite is about 10% to 40% depending on the type, property, and water content of the main raw material.

3rd process (fermentation process)

The fast fermentation process focuses on aerobic fermentation. The cycles are anaerobic and aerobic and fermented for 2 to 10 days depending on the type of main raw material. As a general condition of high-speed fermentation, the temperature is maintained at 20 ° C. to 40 ° C. in the anaerobic phase and 40 ° C. to 65 ° C. in the aerobic phase, and the moisture is maintained at 75% to 40%, based on 60%. The supply is appropriately adjusted according to the stage of change (fermentation), but it will supply approximately 1㎥ / hr per ton of waste.

At this time, the role in the fermentation process of `` foaming vermiculite '' of the present invention is to 1) ensure a large number of voids in the waste during fermentation so that the air supply for aerobic fermentation can be evenly spread, 2) numerous pores and specific surface area of the foamed vermiculite It provides a habitat for microorganisms, which are the subjects of fermentation, and 3) protects microorganisms in the habitat from the shear force of air supplied during aerobic fermentation, and 4) stabilizes microbial fermentation conditions (temperature and humidity maintenance) by keeping warm and moisturizing. 5) Enhance microorganism activation by supplying 5 major nutrients (NPKCa.Mg) and trace elements (Si, etc.) which are essential elements of fertilizer and high CEC (cation exchange capacity) of vermiculite, and 6) liquefaction, In spite of the adsorption of ineffective nutrients that can be leaked by vaporization and the like, 7) the ability to remove odor that gives abomination, a large amount of organic wastes can be used despite the type, nature and demanding manufacturing process conditions. Accused in the short term, it is possible to reliably into force.

The type of fermentation tank may be exposed or sealed in consideration of the surrounding environment of the plant to be installed.

4th process (complete, drying, inspection process)

Estimation of maturity by tracking the degree of temperature, moisture, CO2 generation, carbon quality (C / N ratio), color change after humus extraction, etc. (The concept of accurate judgment on the maturity of compost is ambiguous. As defined in Biological Analysis of Technology-Professor Young-Ryung Chung, Dept. of Microbiology, Gyeongsang National University, ＂Organic matter can be decomposed by microbial activity and finally put into soil, and can act as a fertilizer or land improver without adversely affecting plant growth. Similar to the definition of 'stabilized to a degree', the experience of putting the product according to the present invention into actual test cultivation.) After stabilization and drying to the extent that no further decay phenomenon occurs after packaging the product (moisture content) About 10-20%), the drying method in the fermenter considering the climate and the surrounding environment. How to increase the amount and nature thing and a way to use your ancestors.

The organic fertilizer produced in this way can be packaged as commodity without separate grinding and fractionation by adsorption and coagulation capacity of vermiculite, and it becomes an excellent fertilizer in the form of appropriate granules with a degree of efficiency for fertilization.

Meanwhile, the chemical composition of vermiculite is shown in Table 1.

Characteristics of Organic Fertilizer Using Vermiculite

Characteristic of the composite vermiculite organic fertilizer according to the present invention is characterized by Mg, Ca and Si, which are fertilizers contained in vermiculite in addition to the three elements of N (nitrogen), P (phosphate) and K (cary), which are useful for crops when fertilized in soil. (Silicate) can be supplied, and the high cation exchange capacity of vermiculite (CEC = 130-220miq / 100g) and numerous fertilizer areas and voids improve soil insulation, water retention, breathability, and form excellent humus. Effective soil microorganisms useful for fabrics and fabrics can provide the optimum conditions for living, and at the same time has the advantages of ease of fertilization and odor removal, which is a disadvantage of the general compost.

In addition, since a lot of soil microorganisms that can help a lot of plants after fertilization, by the antimicrobial ability of these soil microorganisms can prevent side effects by reducing the amount of pesticide administration can be seen a side effect.

Component and Growth Test Results of the Organic Fertilizer of the Present Invention

In order to know the effect of the fermentation produced by the present invention, for example, raw materials such as those exemplified below using organic fertilizers (V-marked) prepared by the present invention and briquettes manufactured in a conventional manner (briquette-labeled), The results of growing experiments on the lettuce with the fertilizer of sawdust as the main ingredient (sawdust mark) and pure manure only (pure manure mark) are as follows.

(Community cultivation progress)

1. Test cultivation place: Greenhouse Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dong-A University

2. Associate Researcher: Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Dong-A University

3. Test cultivation progress

1) Dasing Fabric: Lettuce

2) Fertilizer ingredient preparation ratio

① Order fertilizer (V mark)

Manure Sludge: Vermiculite: 2: 1

② Briquette fertilizer (shown briquettes)

Manure Sludge: Briquettes: 2: 1

③ sawdust fertilizer (sawdust display)

Manure Sludge: Sawdust: 2: 1

3) Size of vermiculite used: 10 ~ 50 mesh

4) Fertilization rate

The fertilizers were fertilized in 900g of soil, 3-2) and ①, ②, ③ fertilizer into four types of 15g, 30g, 60g and 1200g, respectively.

5) Trial schedule

① Target fabric: Upper teeth

② Schedule:

March 19: Sowing

April 15: planted in pots

May 24: harvest

After drying the lettuce at 80 ° C. for 24 hours, the weight ratio of the lettuce at the living body and the weight of the lettuce after drying was examined.

As can be seen in Table 3, the weight% of the dry matter of the lettuce is the largest lettuce using a mixture of vermiculite, it can be seen that a very excellent vegetable for human health is grown.

Claims (1)

After the completion of the completion of fermentation, the process of removing impurities from the main raw material consisting of organic waste, the raw material mixing process of combining soil microorganisms and inactive ingredient additives into the purified main raw material, the process of sequentially fermenting the blending raw materials, In the manufacturing method of organic fertilizer consisting of a mature drying process of drying about 10 to 20% of water content, the anaerobic fermentation is started at 20 ° ~ 40 ℃ for 2 to 10 days after blending expanded vermiculite 10 to 40% of all raw materials Sex fermentation is an organic fertilizer manufacturing method of organic waste using effervescent vermiculite, characterized in that the fermentation while maintaining the humidity 40 ~ 75 ℃ at 40 ~ 60 ℃.