JP2012175792A - Electric power supply system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electric power supply system capable of efficiently using a solar power generation amount.SOLUTION: The electric power supply system 10 can minimize a power storage amount in a midnight time zone as a specified time zone by setting a predicted power storage amount using a predicted power amount and a predicted power generation amount. If an actual generation amount by a photovoltaic generator 16 is higher than the predicted power amount, or an actual consumption power amount of a general load 12 is lower than a predicted consumption amount, surplus power by the photovoltaic generator 16 is generated. In such a case, the surplus power is controlled to be reversely supplied to an electric power system by a control device 18 which is consumption control means. Therefore, in a case of surplus of photovoltaic generation, the surplus power can be used efficiently without waste of power.

Description

  The present invention relates to a power supply system that controls the amount of power stored in a power storage unit according to the amount of power generated by a solar power generation unit and the amount of power used.

  Conventionally, in a system having a solar power generation device and a power storage device, there is a method of effectively using the generated power of the solar power generation device and reducing the amount of power purchased from a commercial power source. Patent Document 1 discloses a device that starts and stops the operation of a power-using device as needed based on the amount of power generated from a solar power generation device, the amount of power supplied from a power storage device, and the load power amount of the power-using device. ing.

  In such a technique described in Patent Document 1, in order to reduce the load power amount, the power usage device may be stopped. As a result, the user is forced to stop using the power-using device, so that there is a problem that convenience is poor.

  On the other hand, Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for increasing the usage fee of midnight power by predicting the power generation amount and the power consumption amount of the solar power generation device.

JP 2003-309928 A JP 2007-295680 A

  In the technique described in Patent Literature 2 described above, since it is desired to increase the amount of power sold (reverse flow rate), the use of power-consuming equipment may be restricted in order to efficiently operate the power conditioner of the solar power generation device. . Thus, if priority is given to reverse power flow, it is unclear whether all of the power flowing backward to the power system is consumed in other buildings or is lost due to transmission resistance without being consumed. In other words, if the reverse power flow is increased, the solar power generation may not be used effectively.

  Then, this invention is made | formed in view of the above-mentioned problem, and it aims at providing the electric power supply system which can utilize solar power generation amount effectively.

  The present invention employs the following technical means in order to achieve the aforementioned object.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the supply power supplied to the building (30) from the power system of the power supply source can be supplied to the electrical load (12) connected to the wiring (11) based on the power supply contract. Power supply system (10),
Solar power generation means (16) for generating power by sunlight;
Power storage means (24) connected to the wiring of the building and capable of charging the solar power generated by the solar power generation means and the supply power supplied from the power system and capable of discharging the stored power to the wiring; ,
Controls the consumption of power supplied from the power grid, and also controls the consumption of solar power with consumption by power storage in the power storage means, consumption by electric loads, and consumption by reverse power flow to the power grid Control means (18);
A predicted amount calculating means (18) for calculating a predicted power amount of the next day's electric load calculated based on the usage history of the electric load and a predicted power generation amount of the photovoltaic power generation means of the next day predicted by the weather prediction; ,
A shortage amount calculating means (18) for calculating a shortage amount that is a difference between the predicted power amount and the predicted power generation amount when the predicted power amount is larger than the predicted power generation amount;
When the limit storage amount that is the upper limit amount stored in the storage means is greater than or equal to the shortage amount, the shortage amount is set to the predicted storage amount that is stored after the storage of the storage means, and the limit storage amount is less than the shortage amount. In the case, the storage amount setting means (18) for setting the limit storage amount to the predicted storage amount;
Consumption control means
In a specific time zone where the power cost is cheaper than other time zones determined based on the power supply contract, control is performed so as to store electricity with the supplied power until the storage amount of the storage means reaches the set predicted storage amount,
If the amount of solar power generation is greater than the value obtained by subtracting the amount of power supplied to the wiring of the power storage means from the amount of power consumed by the electrical load in other time zones, the surplus solar power will flow backward to the power grid. It controls to do.

  According to the first aspect of the present invention, the power storage amount in the specific time period can be minimized by setting the predicted power storage amount using the predicted power amount and the predicted power generation amount. As a result, it is possible to prevent the power that is stored in the power storage means from being stored, and to further reduce the power cost. In addition, if the actual amount of power generated by the solar power generation means is larger than the predicted power generation amount, or if the actual power consumption of the electrical load is smaller than the predicted usage, a surplus of the amount of power generation by the solar power generation means occurs. To do. In such a case, the surplus is controlled by the consumption control means so as to flow backward to the power system. Therefore, even when a surplus of solar power generation occurs, the surplus can be used efficiently without being wasted. In other words, by predicting, the amount of photovoltaic power generation and the power from the power storage means can be maximized in the building, and the reverse power flow can be reduced. As described above, it has been unclear whether all of the power flowing backward to the power system is consumed in other buildings or is lost due to transmission resistance without being consumed. However, in the present invention, it is possible to realize an electric power supply system that can effectively use the amount of photovoltaic power generation by reducing such a reverse power flow.

Further, in the invention according to claim 2, the vehicle-mounted power storage device (14) having the connection terminal portion (29) connected to the vehicle (20) and supplying the supplied power from the connection terminal portion to the vehicle and mounted on the vehicle. And charging / discharging means (15) capable of discharging the electric power of the in-vehicle power storage device output from the vehicle to the connection terminal portion to the wiring.
The consumption control means controls the electric power of the in-vehicle power storage device to be discharged to the wiring when the sum of the amount of photovoltaic power generation and the amount of power storage is less than the power consumption of the electric load. .

  According to the second aspect of the present invention, the vehicle-mounted power storage device further includes charge / discharge means capable of charging / discharging. The consumption control means controls the electric power of the in-vehicle power storage device to be discharged to the wiring when the sum of the amount of photovoltaic power generation and the amount of power storage is less than the power consumption of the electric load. As a result, the electric load can be operated with the electric power of the in-vehicle power storage device, so that the use of the supplied power from the power system can be suppressed. As a result, an increase in power cost can be suppressed.

Furthermore, in the invention according to claim 3, storage means for storing a cumulative value of the amount of discharge discharged from the in-vehicle power storage device to the wiring,
Every time the in-vehicle power storage device is charged, the total is controlled so as to subtract the charge amount to the in-vehicle power storage device from the total value stored in the storage means and store the subtracted total value in the storage means. A value calculating means (18),
The consumption control means is a case where the amount of photovoltaic power generation is greater than the amount of power consumed by the electrical load in other time zones, and when the cumulative value after subtraction is greater than 0, the surplus amount of photovoltaic power is Charging of the on-vehicle power storage device is prioritized over reverse power flow to the power system.

  According to the third aspect of the present invention, when the cumulative value is larger than 0 in other time zones, the consumption control means gives priority to charging the in-vehicle power storage device over the reverse power flow to the power system. Be controlled. The cumulative value stored in the storage means is the cumulative value after subtraction, and is the balance of charge / discharge so far. By using such a cumulative value, the cumulative value can be brought close to 0 even when the in-vehicle power storage device is charged at another location. As described above, this system is a system with high utilization efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. However, if the in-vehicle power storage device is consumed not in the vehicle but in the building, the amount of carbon dioxide reduction due to the vehicle traveling tends to be unclear. However, by making the cumulative value stored in the storage means close to 0 by the surplus amount of photovoltaic power generation, the power consumption of the in-vehicle power storage device in the power supplied from the power supply system can be concentrated in the travel of the vehicle. . Therefore, the carbon dioxide emission can be made clearer.

Furthermore, the invention according to claim 4 further includes energy holding means (17) that operates by the supplied electric power and stores energy,
In other time zones, the consumption control means is a case where the amount of photovoltaic power generation is larger than the power consumption of the electrical load, and when the setting to prioritize the operation of the energy holding means is made, the reverse flow to the power system The energy holding means is actuated by surplus solar power in preference to the above.

  According to the invention described in claim 4, in other time zones, when the amount of photovoltaic power generation is larger than the amount of power consumed by the electrical load, and priority is given to energy retention, the surplus of photovoltaic power It is controlled by the consumption control means to activate the energy holding means according to the minutes. As a result, the surplus solar power is consumed by the energy holding means. Therefore, the convenience for the surplus can be improved.

Furthermore, in invention of Claim 5, an energy holding means is a heat storage means (17) which has a heat pump apparatus,
The heat storage means operates the heat pump device with supplied electric power and stores heat as energy.

  According to the invention described in claim 5, the energy holding means is a heat storage means having a heat pump device. Electric power can be more efficiently converted into heat by the heat pump device. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of solar power generation can be further improved.

  In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis of each above-mentioned means is an example which shows a corresponding relationship with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later.

It is a mimetic diagram showing a schematic structure of power supply system 10 in a 1st embodiment. 4 is a flowchart showing a late-night charging process of the control device 18; 3 is a flowchart showing surplus power processing of the control device 18. 4 is a flowchart showing a power shortage process of the control device 18; It is a graph which shows the 1st example of the relationship between the power consumption of the next day, and time. It is a graph which shows the 2nd example of the relationship between the power consumption of the next day, and time. It is a graph which shows the 3rd example of the relationship between the power consumption of the next day, and time.

(First embodiment)
A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a power supply system 10 according to the first embodiment. The power supply system 10 is a system capable of supplying supply power supplied from a power supply source power system to a general load 12 that is an electric load connected to the AC power line 11 in the building 30 based on a power supply contract. is there. In the power supply system 10 of the present embodiment, one (single) power supply contract is concluded in which the power cost in the midnight time zone (the time zone from 23:00 to 7:00) is lower than the power cost in other time zones. The AC power line 11 that introduces purchased power (system power) supplied from the power system of the power company into the building 30 is provided with hourly watt hour meters (not shown).

  The power supply system 10 includes, for example, an AC power line 11 wired in a building 30 that is a house, a power storage unit 13 that is electrically connected to the AC power line 11, and a vehicle that supplies power from the AC power line 11 to the vehicle. A charging stand 15 for charging the storage battery 14, a solar power generator 16 that generates power by sunlight, a heat storage system 17 that is electrically connected to the AC power line 11, and an AC power line 11 that is electrically connected A general load 12, a control device 18 for controlling each part, and an operation indicator 19 for operating each part are provided. The vehicle 20 is a vehicle on which a power storage device having a relatively large capacity is mounted, for example, a plug-in hybrid vehicle.

  The AC power line 11 wired in the building 30 is, for example, a single-phase three-wire type power line (consisting of one neutral line and two voltage lines), and the system power of the power system of the power company is It is supplied via the distribution board 21. Although not shown, the distribution board 21 is provided with a main breaker and a current breaker with a leakage detection function that regulates an upper limit value of a current flowing through each circuit system.

  In the distribution board 21, the AC power line 11 is firstly connected to the charging station 15, secondly to the photovoltaic power conditioner (PCS) 22, thirdly to the bidirectional PCS 23, and fourthly to the general load 12. And branch to the heat storage system 17.

  First, the solar power generator 16 will be described. The solar power generator 16 is a solar power generation means, and supplies off-system power to the AC power line 11. The solar power generator 16 is provided with a solar panel (not shown) on the roof of the building 30 and generates power using sunlight. The photovoltaic generator 16 supplies the generated photovoltaic power to the photovoltaic power generation PCS 22. The photovoltaic power generation PCS 22 is electrically connected to the AC power line 11, converts the DC power from the solar power generator 16 into AC power, and discharges the AC power line 11. The photovoltaic power generation PCS 22 is connected to a LAN (local area network) and configured to be communicable with each unit.

  Next, the heat storage system 17 will be described. The heat storage system 17 fed by the AC power line 11 includes, for example, a hot water storage tank (not shown) that stores hot water for hot water supply, and a heat pump device (not shown) that heats water and stores it in the hot water storage tank. And a heat storage control unit (not shown) for controlling each unit. The heat storage control unit is connected to the LAN and configured to be communicable with each unit. Here, the heat pump device corresponds to a heating unit, and the heat storage system 17 corresponds to a heat storage unit that operates the heating unit with the supplied electric power to store heat.

  Further, a general load 12 of various electric devices (electric loads) is also connected to the AC power line 11 that supplies power to the heat storage system 17. Therefore, a general load 12 can be connected to the AC power line 11, and power can be supplied to these general loads 12.

  Next, the power storage unit 13 will be described. For example, a power storage unit 13 (sometimes referred to as a power storage system or “e-Station”) installed outside the building 30 is connected to the AC power line 11. The power storage unit 13 includes a bidirectional PCS (power conditioner) 23, a storage battery 24, a storage battery ECU 25, and the like.

  The storage battery 24 is an aggregate obtained by combining a plurality of unit batteries including secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries. The storage battery 24 is electrically connected to the AC power line 11 via the bidirectional PCS 23, and can charge the AC power from the AC power line 11 or discharge the stored DC power to the AC power line 11. It has become.

  The storage battery ECU 25 is connected to the bidirectional PCS 23 via a communication line, and controls the operation of the bidirectional PCS 23, for example, by communication according to the communication standard RS. The storage battery ECU 25 is communicably connected to a storage battery monitoring ECU (not shown) mounted on the storage battery 24 via the bidirectional PCS 23. The storage battery ECU 25 is connected to the operation indicator 19 and the control ECU 26 of the charging stand 15 via a hub through a LAN so that information can be exchanged (information transmission) with each other.

  Next, the charging stand 15 will be described. The charging stand 15 is installed separately from the power storage unit 13, for example, outside the building 30. A charging power line 27 branched from the AC power line 11 by the distribution board 21 is connected to the charging stand 15. The charging power line 27 is disposed up to the charging stand 15 and is connected to a charging / discharging cable 28 extending from the main body of the charging stand 15 to the outside. A charge / discharge connector 29 corresponding to the connection terminal portion is attached to the tip end portion of the charge / discharge cable 28. In the charging stand 15, a CPLT base (not shown), a PLC (power line communication) unit (not shown), a control ECU 26, and the like are arranged. The control ECU 26 controls charging / discharging of the in-vehicle storage battery 14 which is an in-vehicle power storage device by communicating with the CPLT base, the PLC unit, the storage battery ECU 25 and the operation indicator 19.

  In the charge / discharge cable 28, a CPLT line and a GND line are arranged together with a power line, and a CPLT signal can be communicated. The CPLT base is configured to mainly control charging of the in-vehicle storage battery 14. The CPLT base can communicate with the control ECU 26 by, for example, the communication standard RS.

  The PLC unit is a unit for performing communication with the vehicle 20 via the power line in the charge / discharge cable 28. The PLC unit can communicate with the control ECU 26 by, for example, UART (general-purpose asynchronous reception / transmission) for serial communication in an asynchronous manner (asynchronous method).

  The vehicle 20 is provided with a connector (specifically, an insertion port for the charge / discharge connector 29). By connecting the charge / discharge connector 29 of the charging stand 15 to this connector, the in-vehicle storage battery 14 can be charged / discharged via an in-vehicle charger / discharger (not shown). When charging the in-vehicle storage battery 14, AC power is supplied to the connector, and the in-vehicle charger / discharger converts the supplied AC power into DC power to charge the in-vehicle storage battery 14. On the other hand, when discharging the in-vehicle storage battery 14, the in-vehicle charger / discharger converts the DC power stored in the in-vehicle storage battery 14 into AC power and discharges it from the connector to the charge / discharge connector 29.

  Next, the operation indicator 19 will be described. The operation indicator 19 is, for example, remote operation means (so-called remote controller) disposed in the building 30. As described above, the operation indicator 19 is connected to each unit via a LAN. The operation indicator 19 includes a display unit 31 corresponding to notification means, and an operation switch 32 for operating each unit. The display unit 31 includes, for example, a storage state of the storage battery 24, a power generation amount of the solar battery, a hot water storage amount (heat storage amount) of the heat storage system 17, an amount of power used by the general load 12, a charging state of the in-vehicle storage battery 14, and a power system Displays reverse tide flow. Further, by operating the operation switch 32, an instruction to store electricity to the storage battery 24, an instruction to charge the in-vehicle storage battery 14, an instruction to store hot water to the heat storage system 17, and various settings can be performed.

  Next, the control device 18 will be described. The control device 18 also has a function as consumption control means for controlling each unit. As with the operation indicator 19, the control device 18 is LAN-connected to each unit. The control device 18 gives a control command to each part so that each part operates according to an instruction input by the operation switch 32 of the operation indicator 19. Moreover, the control apparatus 18 controls the display part 31 of the operation indicator 19 so that the information according to the state of each part may be displayed.

  Although the illustration of the configuration is omitted, the control device 18 executes various calculations using an input circuit to which a communication signal, a detection signal from an atmospheric pressure sensor (not shown) and the like are input, and a signal from the input circuit. A microcomputer; and an output circuit that outputs a control signal for controlling each unit based on a calculation by the microcomputer. The microcomputer has a built-in ROM (Read-Only Memory: ROM), RAM (Random Access Memory: RAM), etc. as storage means for storing various data such as atmospheric pressure and calculation results. The control program and the control program that can be updated are executed, and each process described later is executed.

  The control device 18 calculates the predicted power amount of the next day's electric load calculated based on the usage history of the electric load and the predicted power amount of the photovoltaic generator 16 of the next day predicted by the weather prediction. It has a function as a calculation means. The control device 18 predicts the next day's weather according to the detected value of the atmospheric pressure detected by the atmospheric pressure sensor, and determines the amount of power generation by the solar power generator 16 on the next day based on the weather prediction result and the past power generation result. Calculate the predicted power generation amount. Further, the control device 18 also has a function as a deficient amount calculating means for calculating a deficient amount that is a difference between the predicted power amount and the predicted generated power amount when the predicted power amount is larger than the predicted generated power amount. When the full charge amount (limit charge amount) that is the upper limit amount stored in the storage battery 24 is greater than or equal to the shortage amount, the control device 18 sets the shortage amount to the predicted charge amount that is stored after the storage battery 24 is charged. It also has a function as a storage amount setting means for setting the limit storage amount to the predicted storage amount when the limit storage amount is less than the shortage amount. Therefore, the control device 18 predicts the weather for energy saving and low running cost, predicts the amount of solar power generation in the daytime based on the weather prediction, etc., and considers this amount of solar power generation and the predicted power amount due to the general load 12. Then, the estimated amount of electricity stored in the midnight fee time zone is determined.

  The predicted power storage amount is calculated by subtracting the total of the power storage amount remaining in the storage battery 24 and the predicted power generation amount (predicted value of power generation amount) on the next day from the learning value based on the past usage of the general load 12 by the user. Is. And the control apparatus 18 operates the electrical storage unit 13 in the midnight time zone when electric power is cheap, and makes the electrical storage be performed according to the calculated predicted electrical storage amount, whereby a new electrical storage amount is added to the storage battery 24.

  Further, the weather prediction calculation by the control device 18 determines the amount of photovoltaic power generation for the next day based on the detected atmospheric pressure value, the vibration rate of the atmospheric pressure value, and the change rate parameter of the atmospheric pressure value. . For example, the control device 18 stores a predetermined map used for the weather prediction calculation in the storage means. The map is classified into two categories with a large proportion of vibration of the atmospheric pressure value. For each classification of the proportion of vibration, the inequality related to the variation rate of the atmospheric pressure value is further classified into a plurality of classifications. Each is further assigned an inequality for the atmospheric pressure value. Then, one predicted power generation amount can be determined by fitting each parameter of the atmospheric pressure value, the vibration ratio, and the change rate to the map. As the atmospheric pressure value, for example, the current detection value is used for calculation, and the vibration ratio and change rate from 4 hours before to the present time are used as the vibration ratio and the change rate. Therefore, the control apparatus 18 has memorize | stored the map which shows the correlation of the past atmospheric pressure data and the past photovoltaic power generation amount in a memory | storage means. The control device 18 determines the photovoltaic power generation amount (predicted power generation amount) of the next day using the map based on the atmospheric pressure. It is effective to update such a map sequentially, for example, by recording past atmospheric pressure data and past power generation results.

  Further, the control device 18 performs control so that the cumulative value of the discharge amount discharged from the in-vehicle storage battery 14 to the AC power line 11 is stored in the storage means. Further, the control device 18 has a function as a cumulative value calculation means, and every time the in-vehicle storage battery 14 is charged, the charge amount to the in-vehicle storage battery 14 is subtracted from the cumulative value stored in the storage means. Control is performed so that the accumulated value after subtraction is stored in the storage means. Further, when the amount of photovoltaic power generation is greater than the amount of power used by the general load 12 in other time zones, and the cumulative value stored in the storage means is greater than 0, the control device 18 surplus of photovoltaic power For example, each unit is controlled so as to prioritize charging of the in-vehicle power storage device over reverse power flow to the power system.

  Next, control by the control device 18 will be described. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the late-night charging process of the control device 18. The midnight charging process is a process of determining the amount of power stored in the storage battery 24 in the midnight time zone. The flow shown in FIG. 2 is executed when the control device 18 is powered on.

  When the flow starts, it is determined in step S11 whether or not the current time is 23:00. And if it is 23:00, it will progress to step S12, and if it is not 23:00, the process of step S11 is repeated.

  In step S12, a process of reading data such as past power consumption of the general load 12 and past photovoltaic power generation stored in the storage unit is executed, and the process proceeds to step S13. The past achievements are past achievements for a predetermined number of days (for example, achievements for 14 days), and there are two types, a weekday achievement value and a holiday (Saturday, Sunday) achievement value. When reading, one type of data is selected according to the day of the week when reading.

  In step S13, the deviation δ of the used electric energy is calculated based on the read actual used electric energy, and the process proceeds to step S14. In step S14, the sum of the average value of the power consumption and the calculated deviation is set as the predicted power consumption of the next day, and the process proceeds to step S15. Accordingly, the predicted power amount is a value obtained by adding a deviation to the average value using the actual amount of power used.

  In step S15, the atmospheric pressure data stored in the storage means is read, and the process proceeds to step S16. The atmospheric pressure data is stored in the storage means, and for example, the entire atmospheric pressure data from the current time to 4 hours before is read. In step S15, the time width is four hours. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be a step of reading all atmospheric pressure data having a predetermined time width.

  In step S16, the photovoltaic power generation amount of the next day is calculated based on atmospheric pressure data, and the process proceeds to step S17. In step S16, using the correlation map between the atmospheric pressure and the amount of photovoltaic power stored in the storage unit, the parameters of the read atmospheric pressure value, the vibration rate of the atmospheric pressure value, and the change rate of the atmospheric pressure value are obtained. By applying this, one predicted power generation amount is determined.

  In step S17, the predicted power storage amount is determined based on the predicted power amount and the predicted power generation amount, and this flow ends. In order to determine the predicted power storage amount, the shortage amount is first calculated as described above. The shortage amount is calculated by the difference between the predicted power amount and the predicted power generation amount when the predicted power amount is larger than the predicted power generation amount. Next, when the limit power storage amount of the storage battery 24 is greater than or equal to the shortage amount, the shortage amount is set as the predicted power storage amount, and when the limit power storage amount is less than the shortage amount, the limit power storage amount is set as the predicted power storage amount.

  By such a midnight charging process, a predicted power storage amount is set as a power storage amount to be stored in the midnight time zone. As a result, the control device 18 controls each unit so that the charged amount becomes the predicted charged amount in the midnight time zone. This flow is a process executed at 23:00, but since the weather prediction changes sequentially, it may be executed periodically in the midnight time zone to appropriately update and set the predicted power storage amount.

  Next, the control of the daytime time zone (for example, from 9:00 to 17:00) by the control device 18 will be described. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing surplus power processing of the control device 18. The surplus power process is a process for determining how to consume surplus power when the amount of solar power generation is excessive during the daytime. The flow shown in FIG. 3 is executed when the control device 18 is powered on.

  When the flow is started, in step S21, it is determined whether or not there is a surplus (surplus power) in the amount of solar power generation based on the amount of power used and the amount of solar power generation. Moves to step S22, and if not, the process is repeated to step S21. The surplus power of the solar power generation amount is, for example, the surplus of the solar power generation amount when the solar power generation amount is larger than the value obtained by subtracting the amount of power supplied to the AC power line 11 of the storage battery 24 from the power consumption of the general load 12 Minutes.

  In step S22, since there is surplus power, it is determined whether or not the in-vehicle storage battery 14 has a cumulative value (greater than 0). If so, the process proceeds to step S23, and if not, the process proceeds to step S25. The cumulative value is stored in the storage means as described above, and is a value indicating the balance between the amount of discharge to the AC power line 11 and the amount of charge from the AC power line 11. When the cumulative value stored in the storage means is larger than 0, it means that the discharge amount is larger than the charge amount.

  In step S23, it is determined whether or not the in-vehicle storage battery 14 can be charged. If charging is possible, the process proceeds to step S24. If charging is not possible, the process proceeds to step S25. In step S24, since there is a cumulative value and charging is possible, the in-vehicle storage battery 14 is charged using surplus power, and the processing from step S22 to step S24 is repeated until charging becomes impossible. The case where the in-vehicle storage battery 14 cannot be charged is, for example, when the in-vehicle storage battery 14 is fully charged (limit charge amount), when the in-vehicle storage battery 14 is not connected, or when charging is prohibited by setting.

  In step S25, since the storage battery 24 of the power storage system cannot be charged or the accumulated value is 0, it is determined whether or not the storage battery 24 can be charged. If the storage battery 24 cannot be charged, the process proceeds to step S27. If charging is possible, the process proceeds to step S26. The case where the storage battery 24 cannot be charged is, for example, when the storage battery 24 is fully charged (limit charge amount) or when charging is prohibited by setting. Since charging is possible in step S26, the storage battery 24 is charged using surplus power, and the processing in steps S25 and S26 is repeated until charging becomes impossible.

  In step S27, since the storage battery 24 cannot be charged, it is determined whether or not heat storage can be performed by the heat storage system 17. If the heat storage is possible, the process proceeds to step S28. The process moves to S29. Whether or not heat can be stored by the power storage system is determined based on whether or not the hot water storage amount in the hot water storage tank is the maximum hot water storage amount. If it is not the maximum amount of hot water storage, heat can be stored up to the maximum amount of hot water storage. Since heat can be stored in step S27, the heat pump device is operated using the surplus power to store heat, and the processes in steps S27 and S28 are repeated until the maximum amount of hot water is stored.

  In step S29, since there is no device that consumes (stores or stores heat) surplus power in the power supply system 10, control is performed so as to sell power by causing a reverse flow to the power system, and this flow ends.

  By such surplus power processing, surplus power is sequentially stored in power or heat in the in-vehicle storage battery 14, the storage battery 24, and the heat storage system 17. Such a ranking is not limited to the flow shown in FIG. 3, but can be set by the user as appropriate. For example, when the surplus power is set to give priority to the heat storage in the heat storage system 17, the surplus power is consumed first in the heat storage system 17. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the amount of surplus power generated by photovoltaic power generation that flows backward. Further, for example, when it is set to give priority to the reverse power flow of surplus power, when there is surplus power in step S21, the processing is shifted to step S29 to give priority to the reverse power flow, and the surplus power Can be reversed.

  Next, another process of the daytime time zone by the control device 18 will be described. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the power shortage process of the control device 18. The power shortage process is a process when the amount of photovoltaic power generation is small during the daytime and the amount of charge of the storage battery 24 is also small. The flow shown in FIG. 4 is executed when the control device 18 is powered on.

  When the flow is started, in step S31, it is determined whether or not the power is insufficient due to the power consumption of the general load 12. If the power is insufficient, the process proceeds to step S32. Repeats the process of step S31. The reason for the shortage of power is when the power from the power system is not used, for example, when the storage amount of the storage battery 24 is insufficient, when the amount of photovoltaic power generation is small, This is the case when the amount of power used is large.

  In step S32, since the electric power in the AC power line 11 is insufficient, the data of the in-vehicle storage battery 14 is acquired, and the process proceeds to step S33. The data of the in-vehicle storage battery 14 includes, for example, whether or not the in-vehicle storage battery 14 is connected to the AC power line 11, a traveling schedule, a charge amount, and the like.

  In step S33, it is determined whether or not the in-vehicle storage battery 14 can be used based on the acquired data. If it can be used, the process proceeds to step S34. If it cannot be used, this flow ends. To do. The case where the battery can be used is, for example, a case where there is a sufficient charge amount, a case where there is no traveling schedule, and a case where discharge is set in advance. For example, when the in-vehicle storage battery 14 is not connected to the AC power line 11, the traveling start time is set to the latest time, or the discharge is disabled in advance.

  In step S34, since the in-vehicle storage battery 14 can be used, control is performed so that power is supplied from the in-vehicle storage battery 14 to the AC power line 11 by discharging, and this flow ends. Further, when the in-vehicle storage battery 14 cannot be used, the power is insufficient, so that the power is automatically supplied by the power supplied from the power system.

  In this way, when the power shortage is caused by the power shortage process, the in-vehicle storage battery 14 can be used as a spare power supply source. As a result, the amount of power supplied from the power system can be reduced.

  Next, the relationship between power consumption and time in the general load 12 will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 5 is a graph showing a first example of the relationship between the power consumption of the next day and the time. The example shown in FIG. 5 is an example when it is predicted that the amount of photovoltaic power generation is large and the power consumption (power consumption) of the general load 12 is small in the daytime period. First, the power from 7:00 when the midnight time zone ends to the second branch point (8:00) when the amount of photovoltaic power generation exceeds the amount of power used is stored in the midnight time zone of the previous day based on the predicted usage amount. deep. Since there is a surplus of the amount of photovoltaic power generation in the daytime period (a region where the rightward hatching is applied), the surplus is stored in the storage battery 24 as described above. And the electric power of the storage battery 24 is used from the 1st branch point (16:00) where the amount of photovoltaic power generation is less than the amount of power used. In this case, since the surplus is larger than the predicted power amount, the stored power such as the storage battery 24 can be used until 23:00 when the midnight time zone after 16:00 starts. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the storage battery 24 can cover the predicted power amount (a region where hatching is performed to the right).

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing a second example of the relationship between the power consumption of the next day and the time. The example shown in FIG. 6 is an example of a case where it is predicted that the amount of photovoltaic power generation is slightly smaller than that of the first example in the daytime time zone. First, the power from 7:00 when the midnight time zone ends to the second branch point (8:00) where the amount of photovoltaic power generation exceeds the amount of power used is stored in advance in the midnight time zone of the previous day as in the first example. deep. And since there is a surplus of the amount of photovoltaic power generation in the daytime time zone, the surplus is stored in the storage battery 24 as described above. And the electric power of the storage battery 24 is used from the 1st branch point (16:00) where the amount of photovoltaic power generation is less than the amount of power used. Here, in this example, the surplus is less than the predicted power amount and is insufficient, but the short is the amount that can be stored. In this case, the shortage is stored in the midnight time zone of the previous day. Thereby, the electric power stored in the storage battery 24 can be used until 23:00 when the midnight time zone after 16:00 on the next day starts. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 6, the predicted electric energy can be covered by the storage battery 24.

  FIG. 7 is a graph showing a third example of the relationship between the power consumption of the next day and the time. The example shown in FIG. 7 is an example in the case where it is predicted that the amount of photovoltaic power generation is even smaller than that in the second example in the daytime time zone. First, the power from 7:00 when the midnight time zone ends to the second branch point (8:00) where the amount of photovoltaic power generation exceeds the amount of power used is stored in advance in the midnight time zone of the previous day as in the first example. deep. And since there is a surplus of the amount of photovoltaic power generation in the daytime time zone, the surplus is stored in the storage battery 24 as described above. And the electric power of the storage battery 24 is used from the 1st branch point (16:00) where the amount of photovoltaic power generation is less than the amount of power used. Here, in this example, the surplus is equal to or less than the predicted power amount, is insufficient, and the amount of power storage is small, so that all of the surplus cannot be stored, and the shortage exceeds the amount that can be stored. Yes. In this case, the shortage is compensated for by discharge from the in-vehicle storage battery 14 or system power as shown in FIG.

  As described above, in the power supply system 10 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, by setting the predicted power storage amount using the predicted power amount and the predicted power generation amount, the midnight time zone that is a specific time zone is set. The amount of electricity stored in can be minimized. As a result, it is possible to prevent the storage battery 24 from storing excessive power, and to reduce the power cost.

  Further, when the actual power generation amount by the solar power generator 16 is larger than the predicted power generation amount, or when the actual power consumption of the general load 12 is smaller than the predicted usage amount, the surplus of the power generation amount by the solar power generator 16 Minutes occur. In such a case, the surplus is controlled by the control device 18 as consumption control means so as to flow backward to the power system. Therefore, even when a surplus of solar power generation occurs, the surplus can be used efficiently without being wasted. In other words, by predicting, the amount of photovoltaic power generation and the electric power from the storage battery 24 can be maximized in the building 30, and the reverse power flow can be reduced. Conventionally, it has been unclear whether all of the power flowing backward to the power system is consumed in other buildings or is lost due to transmission resistance without being consumed. However, in this power supply system 10, it is possible to realize a power supply system that can effectively use the amount of photovoltaic power generation by reducing such a reverse power flow.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, the charging stand 15 which is charging / discharging means which can charge / discharge the vehicle-mounted storage battery 14 is further included. The control device 18 discharges the power of the in-vehicle storage battery 14 to the wiring when the sum of the amount of photovoltaic power generation and the amount of stored electricity is less than the power consumption (power consumption) of the general load 12 that is an electric load. Control is performed (see FIG. 4). Thereby, since the general load 12 can be operated with the electric power of the in-vehicle storage battery 14, the use of the supplied power from the electric power system can be suppressed. As a result, an increase in power cost can be suppressed.

  Further, in the present embodiment, in other time zones, when the cumulative value is larger than 0, the control device 18 controls to give priority to charging the in-vehicle storage battery 14 over the reverse power flow to the power system (see FIG. 3 step S22). The accumulated value of the discharge amount stored in the storage means becomes the balance of charge / discharge so far. By using such a cumulative value, even if the in-vehicle storage battery 14 is charged at another location, the cumulative value can be brought close to zero. As described above, the power supply system 10 is a system with high utilization efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. However, when the on-vehicle storage battery 14 is consumed not by the vehicle 20 but by the building 30, the amount of carbon dioxide reduction due to the vehicle 20 traveling is reduced. Tends to be unknown. However, the power consumption of the in-vehicle storage battery 14 in the power supplied from the power supply system 10 can be concentrated in the travel of the vehicle 20 by bringing the cumulative value close to 0 by the surplus of the amount of photovoltaic power generation. Therefore, the carbon dioxide emission can be made clearer.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, in other time zones, when the amount of photovoltaic power generation is larger than the amount of power consumed (the amount of power used) of the general load 12, and when priority is given to energy retention, the surplus amount of photovoltaic power Is controlled by the control device 18 so as to operate the heat storage system 17 as the energy holding means (see step S27 in FIG. 3). As a result, surplus solar power is consumed by the energy holding means, so that the power that flows backward can be reduced. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of solar power generation can be further improved.

(Other embodiments)
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  In the first embodiment described above, any one of LAN communication, RS communication, UART communication, PLC communication, and CPLT communication is used for communication for transmitting information between the components. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A communication method different from that described in the above embodiment may be adopted. Further, the present invention is not limited to wired communication, and wireless communication can also be adopted.

  In the first embodiment described above, the power storage unit 13 and the charging stand 15 are separate bodies, but they may be integrated. When the power storage unit 13 and the charging stand 15 are separate, the degree of freedom of the installation position of each unit is improved. On the other hand, when the power storage unit 13 and the charging stand 15 are integrated, the configuration can be simplified.

  In the first embodiment described above, the stationary storage battery 24 and the in-vehicle storage battery 14 are both secondary batteries, but are not limited thereto. Any power storage means capable of charging and discharging may be used. For example, a capacitor or the like may be employed.

  In the first embodiment described above, the building 30 is a house, but is not limited thereto. For example, the building 30 may be a store, a factory, a warehouse, or the like.

  In the first embodiment described above, the energy holding means is realized by an electric water heater that performs a heat storage operation (holding operation) of heat. However, the energy holding means is not limited to an electric water heater, and other energy holding means, for example, for home use. A storage battery may be sufficient, or these aggregates may be sufficient.

  In the first embodiment described above, the specific time zone is a midnight time zone (a time zone from 23:00 to 7 o'clock). However, the specific time zone is not limited to such a time zone, and may be changed as appropriate according to the power supply contract. It is.

  In the first embodiment described above, the heating means of the electric water heater is a heat pump device, but is not limited to this. For example, the heating means may be an electric heater or the like.

  In the first embodiment described above, the vehicle 20 on which the in-vehicle storage battery 14 is mounted is a plug hybrid (PHV) vehicle, but is not limited to this, and may be, for example, an electric vehicle. Moreover, if it is a vehicle carrying a storage battery, it will not be limited to what uses the electric power stored in the storage battery for the drive of a vehicle.

  In the first embodiment described above, atmospheric pressure data is acquired using an atmospheric pressure sensor. However, connection means for connecting to the Internet is provided, and atmospheric pressure data obtained by the Japan Meteorological Agency, etc. is acquired from the Internet and used. You may do it.

10 ... Power supply system 11 ... AC power line (wiring)
12 ... General load (electric load)
13 ... Storage unit 14 ... In-vehicle storage battery (in-vehicle storage device)
15 ... Charging stand (charging / discharging means)
16 ... Solar power generator (photovoltaic power generation means)
17 ... Thermal storage system (energy retention means, thermal storage means)
18 ... Control device (consumption control means, predicted amount calculation means, shortage amount calculation means, storage amount setting means, cumulative value calculation means)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 19 ... Operation indicator 20 ... Vehicle 24 ... Storage battery (electric storage means)
28 ... Charge / discharge cable 29 ... Charge / discharge connector (connection terminal part)
30 ... Building

Claims (5)

The power supply system (10) is capable of supplying the power supplied to the building (30) from the power supply system based on the power supply contract to the electrical load (12) connected to the wiring (11). And
Solar power generation means (16) for generating power by sunlight;
The solar power generated by the solar power generation means connected to the wiring of the building and the supply power supplied from the power system can be charged, and the stored power can be discharged to the wiring. Power storage means (24);
While controlling the consumption of the supplied power supplied from the electric power system, the consumption of the solar power is caused by the electric power consumption in the electric power storage means, the electric load, and the reverse power flow to the electric power system. Consumption control means (18) for controlling by consumption;
Predicted amount calculation means for calculating the predicted power amount of the electric load on the next day calculated based on the usage history of the electric load and the predicted power generation amount of the solar power generation means on the next day predicted by weather prediction ( 18) and
A shortage amount calculation means (18) for calculating a shortage amount that is a difference between the predicted power amount and the predicted power generation amount when the predicted power amount is larger than the predicted power generation amount;
When the limit power storage amount that is the upper limit amount stored in the power storage means is greater than or equal to the shortage amount, the shortage amount is set to the predicted power storage amount that is stored after the power storage by the power storage means, and the limit power storage amount Is less than the shortage amount, a storage amount setting means (18) for setting the limit storage amount to the predicted storage amount;
The consumption control means includes
In a specific time zone where the power cost is cheaper than other time zones determined based on the power supply contract, control is performed so that power is stored by the supplied power until the power storage amount of the power storage means reaches the set predicted power storage amount. ,
In the other time zone, when the amount of photovoltaic power generation is larger than the value obtained by subtracting the amount of power supplied to the wiring of the power storage means from the amount of power consumed by the electric load, the surplus amount of the photovoltaic power is calculated. A power supply system that controls to flow backward to the power system. The vehicle has a connection terminal portion (29) connected to the vehicle (20), supplies the supplied power from the connection terminal portion to the vehicle, and can charge the in-vehicle power storage device (14) mounted on the vehicle. And charging / discharging means (15) capable of discharging electric power of the in-vehicle power storage device output from the vehicle to the connection terminal portion to the wiring,
The consumption control means discharges the electric power of the in-vehicle power storage device to the wiring when the sum of the amount of photovoltaic power generation and the amount of stored electricity is less than the power consumption of the electric load. The power supply system according to claim 1, wherein the power supply system is controlled. Storage means for storing a cumulative value of a discharge amount discharged from the in-vehicle power storage device to the wiring;
Each time the in-vehicle power storage device is charged, the amount of charge to the in-vehicle power storage device is subtracted from the cumulative value stored in the storage means, and the subtracted cumulative value is stored in the storage means. And a cumulative value calculation means (18) for controlling as follows:
In the other time zone, the consumption control means is a case where the amount of photovoltaic power generation is larger than the amount of power consumed by the electric load, and when the cumulative value after the subtraction is greater than 0, 3. The power supply system according to claim 2, wherein charging of the in-vehicle power storage device is prioritized over the surplus flow of optical power to the power grid. Energy holding means (17) for storing energy by operating with supplied electric power;
In the other time zone, the consumption control means is a case where the amount of photovoltaic power generation is greater than the amount of power consumed by the electric load, and when the setting for giving priority to the operation of the energy holding means is made, The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the energy holding unit is operated by the surplus of the solar power in preference to a reverse power flow to the power system. The energy holding means is a heat storage means (17) having a heat pump device,
The power supply system according to claim 4, wherein the heat storage unit operates the heat pump device with the supplied electric power and stores an amount of heat as the energy.

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