CN111481195B - Wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition - Google Patents
Wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition Download PDFInfo
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- CN111481195B CN111481195B CN202010327294.4A CN202010327294A CN111481195B CN 111481195 B CN111481195 B CN 111481195B CN 202010327294 A CN202010327294 A CN 202010327294A CN 111481195 B CN111481195 B CN 111481195B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
- A61B5/369—Electroencephalography [EEG]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0004—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by the type of physiological signal transmitted
- A61B5/0006—ECG or EEG signals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
- A61B5/0015—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network characterised by features of the telemetry system
- A61B5/0022—Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/279—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses
- A61B5/291—Bioelectric electrodes therefor specially adapted for particular uses for electroencephalography [EEG]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of electroencephalogram signal acquisition, in particular to a wireless acquisition system for acquiring electroencephalogram signals, which comprises a recording end which is carried by a user and is used for wirelessly receiving the electroencephalogram signals and a plurality of acquisition ends which are used for acquiring the electroencephalogram signals of different brain positions, wherein each acquisition end comprises an acquisition module, a processing module, a conversion module and a transmitting module, the acquisition module acquires the electroencephalogram signals of the brain and transmits the electroencephalogram signals to the conversion module, the conversion module acquires the electroencephalogram signals and transmits the converted electroencephalogram signals to the processing module, the processing module packages the converted electroencephalogram signals and transmits the packaged electroencephalogram signals to the transmitting module, and the transmitting module wirelessly transmits the packaged electroencephalogram signals to the recording end for storage. The acquisition end is not directly connected with the recording end through the lead wire to transmit data, and the movement of a patient is not limited by the lead wire, so that the invention is more convenient to use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electroencephalogram signal acquisition, in particular to a wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition.
Background
The informatization development of the medical technology makes the medical technology more advanced, and the development of the medical technology makes the diagnosis and treatment of diseases more accurate, convenient and quick. Brain electrical signals are spontaneous potential activities generated by brain neuron activities and always exist, and are important bioelectric signals. The brain electrical signal not only can provide diagnosis basis for some brain diseases, but also can be used for assisting in judging the curative effect and adjusting the treatment strategy in time, such as epilepsy, alzheimer disease, hysteria and other diseases. Therefore, the acquisition of the brain electrical signals is very important.
In the existing electroencephalogram signal monitoring system, an electroencephalogram signal is acquired by an electrode plate on a brain and then is input into an electroencephalogram instrument through a lead wire, and an electroencephalogram doctor analyzes the electroencephalogram signal recorded by the electroencephalogram instrument through relevant software. In order to package the integrity of the brain electrical signal monitoring, a plurality of positions of the brain need to be monitored simultaneously, more electrode plates are needed during the brain electrical signal monitoring, more lead wires are arranged between an electroencephalograph and the electrode plates, a user cannot move at will during the brain electrical signal monitoring, and the brain electrical signal monitoring device is extremely inconvenient to use, and particularly, when long-time brain electrical signal monitoring is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wireless acquisition system for acquiring brain electrical signals so as to solve the problem that the existing brain electrical signal monitoring is inconvenient.
The wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition in this scheme, including the record end that supplies the user to hand and carry out wireless reception to the electroencephalogram signal and a plurality of collection ends that gather to the electroencephalogram signal in different brain positions, the collection end includes collection module, processing module, conversion module and transmitting module, the electroencephalogram signal transmission of collection module collection brain portion to conversion module, conversion module acquires the electroencephalogram signal and converts and convey the electroencephalogram signal after the conversion to processing module, processing module encapsulates the electroencephalogram signal after the conversion and sends to transmitting module, transmitting module sends the electroencephalogram signal after the encapsulation to the record end wireless transmission and stores.
The beneficial effect of this scheme is:
compared with the prior art, on the one hand, the brain electrical signals at a plurality of positions of the brain are collected through the plurality of collecting ends, the brain electrical signals are converted by the conversion module and then are wirelessly transmitted to the recording end by the transmission module, the recording end can be carried about by a user, and the brain electrical signals can be collected if the user carries home, so that the activities of the user are not limited, and the brain electrical signals are very convenient to use.
On the other hand, each acquisition end carries out wireless transmission to the record end with the brain electrical signal that gathers alone, if an electrode tip is as acquisition module to gather then wireless transmission, need not to set up the lead wire between a plurality of acquisition ends and record end, and user's position is unrestricted, even need carry out long-time monitoring to user's brain electrical signal, also need not to keep the user to be located a position for a long time, and brain electrical signal monitoring is more convenient.
Further, the recording end comprises a control module and a communication module, the control module obtains collected brain electrical signals and compares the collected brain electrical signals with a preset brain electrical threshold value, the control module wirelessly transmits abnormal information to a medical end of a background through the communication module when judging that the brain electrical signals are abnormal, the brain electrical threshold value comprises a threshold range and a lower limit value, and the abnormal signals comprise pathological abnormal signals and abnormal signals falling off from the collecting end.
The beneficial effects are that: the control module is used for analyzing pathological and acquisition end drop abnormal information in the electroencephalogram signals, so that the problem that abnormal information cannot be found in time when a plurality of acquisition ends send more electroencephalogram signals simultaneously is avoided.
Further, the control module comprises a judging unit, the judging unit judges whether the electroencephalogram signal is located in a threshold range or not, the judging unit sends out a pathological abnormal signal when the electroencephalogram signal is located outside the threshold range, and the control module adds a pathological identification section to the converted electroencephalogram signal according to the pathological abnormal signal.
The beneficial effects are that: when the judging unit judges pathological abnormality in the electroencephalogram signals, a pathological identification section is added to the electroencephalogram signals, so that abnormal electroencephalogram signals are marked in time, and the abnormal electroencephalogram signals can be conveniently and timely checked and processed later.
Further, the recording end further comprises a storage module, and the storage module stores the converted brain electrical signals.
The beneficial effects are that: the brain electrical signals are stored, so that the subsequent tracing of the brain electrical signals is facilitated, and omission is avoided.
Further, the control module further comprises a comparison unit, the comparison unit is used for comparing the acquired electroencephalogram signals with a set lower limit value, the comparison unit sends out an electrode shedding abnormal signal when the electroencephalogram signals are smaller than the lower limit value, the control module determines shedding time according to the electrode shedding abnormal signal, and the control module adds a shedding identification section to the electroencephalogram signals in a first period before and after the shedding time.
The beneficial effects are that: the two units are used for judging and analyzing pathological anomalies and anomalies caused by electrode shedding respectively, so that the situation that two different anomaly information are confused and cannot be found in time is avoided, and when the anomalies caused by electrode shedding are obtained from the electroencephalogram analysis, a shedding identification section is added to the electroencephalogram in a period of time, so that the electroencephalogram possibly having errors can be found in time.
Further, the control module comprises a timing unit for timing the transmission of the brain electrical signals, the timing unit transmits a timing transmission signal when the timing is finished, and the control module simultaneously acquires the pathological abnormal signal and the timing transmission signal and transmits the brain electrical signals in the storage module to the medical terminal.
The beneficial effects are that: when the analysis results show that the electroencephalogram signals have pathological abnormalities and reach the timing sending moment, all the electroencephalogram signals are sent, so that the referenceability is improved, the comparison analysis of all the signals is facilitated, and the accuracy of the subsequent analysis results is improved.
Further, the control module simultaneously acquires an electrode falling abnormal signal and adds a falling identification section to the electroencephalogram signal when the electrode falling abnormal signal is transmitted at a fixed time, and the control module transmits the electroencephalogram signal to the communication module when the next fixed time for transmitting the electroencephalogram signal arrives.
The beneficial effects are that: when the abnormal falling of the electrode is detected and the time of the timing transmission is reached, a falling identification section is added to the electroencephalogram signal, and the electroencephalogram signal is transmitted when the time of the next timing transmission of the electroencephalogram signal is reached, so that the continuity of the transmitted and collected electroencephalogram signal is improved.
Further, when the electrode shedding abnormal signal and the pathological abnormal signal are obtained at the same time, the control module adds shedding identification segments to a plurality of electroencephalogram signals in a second time period before and after the shedding time, and the second time period is smaller than the first time period.
The beneficial effects are that: and when the shedding abnormality and pathological abnormality of the electroencephalogram signals are analyzed at the same time, adding a shedding identification section to the electroencephalogram signals in a second time length which is smaller than the first time length, namely, marking less part of the electroencephalogram signals, and reducing the range of the electroencephalogram signals concerned.
Further, the sending module and the recording end are in wireless communication through a Bluetooth protocol, and the communication module and the medical end are in wireless communication through a mobile communication protocol.
The beneficial effects are that: the brain electrical signal is wirelessly transmitted to the recording end by the Bluetooth protocol, and is transmitted to the medical end by the mobile communication protocol, such as 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G communication protocol, so that the movable range of the acquisition object of the brain electrical signal is not limited, and the acquisition and the transmission of the brain electrical signal are not influenced.
Further, the acquisition end further comprises a power module, and the power module is used for supplying power to the processing module.
The beneficial effects are that: the power supply module is used for supplying power, so that the continuous acquisition of the brain electrical signals is facilitated, and the continuity of the brain electrical signals is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless acquisition system for acquiring electroencephalogram signals according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an acquisition end and a recording end in a wireless acquisition system for acquiring brain electrical signals according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Further details are provided below with reference to the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition, as shown in fig. 1 and 2: including a plurality of collection ends that gather the brain electrical signal of different brain positions, a plurality of collection ends wear in the head with current brain electrical cap form and carry out brain electrical signal collection, collection end includes collection module, processing module, converting module, send module and power module, collection module signal connection processing module, send module signal connection processing module, converting module signal connection processing module, power module is used for supplying power for processing module, power module can supply power with the mode of supplying power in the current bluetooth headset, collection end wireless connection has the record end, the record end supplies the user to carry and wireless receiving the brain electrical signal of collection end, brain electrical signal can voltage value representation, the record end includes communication module, control module and storage module, communication module signal connection control module, storage module signal connection control module, control module accessible battery carries out the power supply work.
The brain electrical signal collection module collects brain electrical signals and transmits the brain electrical signals to the conversion module, the collection module can use brain electrical signal collection electrodes on the existing electrode caps, a plurality of collection ends form electrode caps to be worn on the head, the conversion module obtains brain electrical signals to be converted and transmits the converted brain electrical signals to the processing module, the conversion module can use the existing signal amplification circuit, each electronic component in the conversion module can select a patch type product to reduce the volume of the collection end, the processing module packages the converted brain electrical signals and transmits the converted brain electrical signals to the sending module, the processing module can use an existing Hai Si brand SOC chip or other miniature chips meeting requirements, the sending module wirelessly transmits the packaged brain electrical signals to the recording end to be stored, and the sending module and the recording end are in wireless communication through a Bluetooth protocol, and can conduct information interaction through a transmitter in the Bluetooth earphone and a receiver in the Bluetooth earphone arranged in the recording end.
The communication module on the recording end receives the encapsulated brain electrical signals and transmits the encapsulated brain electrical signals to the control module, the control module compares the brain electrical signals with a preset brain electrical threshold value to obtain abnormal signals, the abnormal signals comprise pathological abnormal signals and abnormal signals falling off by the acquisition end, the brain electrical threshold value comprises a threshold range and a lower limit value, the control module comprises a control unit, a judging unit and a comparing unit, the judging unit is in signal connection with the control unit, the comparing unit is in signal connection with the control unit, the control module transmits the brain electrical signals to the storage module for storage, the storage module can be used for taking down and reading brain electrical signal data, and the storage module can use an existing SD card.
The control module judges whether the electroencephalogram signal is located in a threshold range through the judging unit, the threshold range can be set according to the normal electroencephalogram signal range of the brain, the threshold range comprises a minimum value and a maximum value, the electroencephalogram signal is judged by the judging unit and the maximum value and the minimum value respectively, the electroencephalogram signal is located out of the threshold range when being smaller than the minimum value or larger than the maximum value, the judging unit sends out pathological abnormal signals when the electroencephalogram signal is located out of the threshold range, the control unit of the control module obtains the pathological abnormal signals and adds a pathological identification section to the electroencephalogram signal, and the control unit stores the electroencephalogram signal with the pathological identification section to the storage module.
The control unit adds a falling identification section to the electroencephalogram signal in a first time period before and after the falling time, for example, the falling time is T, the first time period is N, the time period range of the added falling identification section is from the time (T-N) to the time (T+N), when the control unit acquires the abnormal signal, the control unit wirelessly transmits abnormal information to a medical end at a background through a communication module, the communication module and the medical end perform wireless communication through a mobile communication protocol, for example, the communication module performs information interaction through a 2G, 3G, 4G or 5G mobile communication protocol, and the control unit can select according to actual requirements.
The specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
when the electroencephalogram signals are collected, the collection ends are arranged on the head electrode caps of the patient, the collection modules on each collection end collect the electroencephalogram signals and then convert the electroencephalogram signals by the conversion modules, the conversion modules send the converted electroencephalogram signals to the processing modules, the processing modules package the converted electroencephalogram signals and then send the converted electroencephalogram signals to the recording ends in a Bluetooth communication mode through the sending modules, the connection between each collection end and each recording end is not needed through a lead wire, the recording ends can be carried by a user, the collection of the electroencephalogram signals can be carried by the user, the position and the activity of the user can not be limited, the user is not needed to be kept to be located at one position for a long time, the electroencephalogram signals are more convenient to monitor, and the user can use very conveniently.
The communication module on the recording end receives the brain electrical signals and transmits the brain electrical signals to the control module, the control unit of the control module transmits the brain electrical signals to the judging unit and the comparing unit, the judging unit judges whether the brain electrical signals are located in a threshold range, when the brain electrical signals are located outside the threshold range, the judging unit transmits pathological abnormal signals to the control unit, the control unit adds a pathological identification section to the brain electrical signals according to the pathological abnormal signals, the control unit stores the brain electrical signals added with the pathological identification section to the storage module, the comparing unit compares the brain electrical signals with a lower limit value, when the brain electrical signals are smaller than the lower limit value, the comparing unit transmits electrode shedding abnormal signals to the control unit, the control unit determines the shedding moment of the electrodes, namely the moment of receiving the electrode shedding abnormal signals, and adds shedding identification sections to the brain electrical signals in a first time before and after the shedding moment, when the control unit receives the pathological abnormal signals, namely the pathological abnormal signals or the electrode shedding abnormal signals, the control unit transmits the corresponding abnormal signals to the end of the background, the abnormal brain electrical signals are timely detected, the abnormal brain electrical signals can be timely increased, and the readability of the abnormal brain electrical signals can be clearly and timely processed.
Example two
The difference from the first embodiment is that the control module further includes a timing unit, the timing unit is in signal connection with the control unit, the timing unit is used for timing the transmission of the electroencephalogram signals, the timing unit is used for timing through an internal clock of the control module, the timing duration can be set according to requirements, for example, 24 hours, the timing unit is used for transmitting a timing transmission signal when the timing is finished, and the control unit is used for acquiring the timing transmission signal and acquiring the electroencephalogram signals in the storage module and transmitting the electroencephalogram signals to a medical end at a background.
When an electrode falling abnormal signal and a timing sending signal are obtained at the same time, a falling identification section is added to an electroencephalogram signal by a control unit of the control module, the control unit sends the electroencephalogram signal to a medical end of a background through the communication module when the next timing sending electroencephalogram signal arrives, namely, the control unit sends the electroencephalogram signal when the timing sending signal is received next time, so that the fact that unlabeled wrong electroencephalogram signals are sent to the medical end immediately is avoided, enough time is reserved for the labeling falling identification section of the electroencephalogram signal, and the signal when the unlabeled electrode falls is prevented from being sent to the medical end.
When the electrode shedding abnormal signal and the pathological abnormal signal are obtained at the same time, the control unit adds the shedding identification section to a plurality of electroencephalograms in a second time period before and after the shedding time, the second time period is smaller than the first time period, the situation that the electroencephalograms caused by electrode shedding are mistakenly used as the pathological electroencephalograms to be abnormal is avoided, and the shedding identification section is added to the electroencephalograms in the second time period smaller than the first time period, namely, a small number of the electroencephalograms are marked, so that the range of the electroencephalograms concerned to be shed is narrowed.
When the timing transmission signal and the pathological abnormal signal are acquired simultaneously, the control unit adds a pathological identification section to the electroencephalogram signal, and when the next timing transmission electroencephalogram signal arrives, the control unit transmits the electroencephalogram signal to a medical end of a background through the communication module, namely, the control unit transmits the electroencephalogram signal when the next timing transmission signal is received, does not immediately transmit, reserves enough time for carrying out pathological identification operation of the electroencephalogram signal, and prevents that part of data which cannot be focused is caused by transmitting unlabeled electroencephalogram signals.
Example III
The difference from the first embodiment is that the control unit does not directly send the electroencephalogram signal to the judging unit and the comparing unit, that is, the judging unit and the comparing unit do not work simultaneously, the control unit sends the electroencephalogram signal to the judging unit to judge, when the electroencephalogram signal is out of the threshold range, the control unit sends the electroencephalogram signal to the comparing unit to compare when the electroencephalogram signal is out of the threshold range, which means that the electroencephalogram signal is smaller than the minimum value.
The brain electrical signal detected when the electrode falls off or is in poor contact is very small, and only when the brain electrical signal is judged to be outside the threshold range and smaller than the lowest value, the brain electrical signal is compared with the lower limit value, and when the brain electrical signal is larger than the highest value, the brain electrical signal is not compared, so that the operation energy consumption of the system can be saved.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and specific structures and features that are well known in the art are not described in detail herein. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A wireless acquisition system for brain electrical signal gathers, its characterized in that: the brain electrical signal acquisition device comprises a recording end which is carried by a user and is used for wirelessly receiving brain electrical signals and a plurality of acquisition ends which are used for acquiring the brain electrical signals at different brain positions, wherein each acquisition end comprises an acquisition module, a processing module, a conversion module and a transmission module, the brain electrical signals acquired by the acquisition module are transmitted to the conversion module, the conversion module acquires the brain electrical signals to be converted and transmits the converted brain electrical signals to the processing module, the processing module packages the converted brain electrical signals and transmits the packaged brain electrical signals to the transmission module, and the transmission module wirelessly transmits the packaged brain electrical signals to the recording end to be stored;
the recording end comprises a control module, the control module obtains acquired brain electrical signals and compares the acquired brain electrical signals with a preset brain electrical threshold value to obtain abnormal signals, the brain electrical threshold value comprises a threshold range and a lower limit value, and the abnormal signals comprise pathological abnormal signals and abnormal signals of falling off of the acquisition end;
the control module further comprises a comparison unit, wherein the comparison unit is used for comparing the acquired electroencephalogram signals with a set lower limit value, the comparison unit sends out an electrode shedding abnormal signal when the electroencephalogram signals are smaller than the lower limit value, the control module determines shedding time according to the electrode shedding abnormal signal, and the control module adds shedding identification sections to the electroencephalogram signals in a first period of time before and after the shedding time; when the electrode shedding abnormal signal and the pathological abnormal signal are simultaneously acquired, the control module adds shedding identification segments to a plurality of electroencephalogram signals in a second time period before and after the shedding time, and the second time period is smaller than the first time period.
2. The wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition according to claim 1, wherein: the recording end comprises a communication module, and the control module wirelessly transmits abnormal information to a medical end of the background through the communication module when judging that the electroencephalogram signal is abnormal.
3. The wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control module comprises a judging unit, the judging unit judges whether the electroencephalogram signal is located in a threshold range or not, the judging unit sends out a pathological abnormal signal when the electroencephalogram signal is located outside the threshold range, and the control module adds a pathological identification section to the converted electroencephalogram signal according to the pathological abnormal signal.
4. The wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition according to claim 2, characterized in that: the recording end further comprises a storage module, and the storage module stores the converted electroencephalogram signals.
5. The wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition according to claim 2, characterized in that: the control module comprises a timing unit for timing the transmission of the electroencephalogram signals, the timing unit transmits a timing transmission signal when the timing is finished, and the control module simultaneously acquires pathological abnormal signals and the timing transmission signal and transmits the electroencephalogram signals in the storage module to the medical terminal.
6. The wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition according to claim 5, wherein: the control module simultaneously acquires an electrode falling abnormal signal and a timing sending signal, adds a falling identification section to the electroencephalogram signal, and sends the electroencephalogram signal to the communication module when the next timing sending electroencephalogram signal arrives.
7. The wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition according to claim 2, characterized in that: the transmitting module and the recording end are in wireless communication through a Bluetooth protocol, and the communication module and the medical end are in wireless communication through a mobile communication protocol.
8. The wireless acquisition system for electroencephalogram signal acquisition according to claim 1, wherein: the acquisition end further comprises a power module, and the power module is used for supplying power to the processing module.
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