WO2024069105A1

WO2024069105A1 - Device for a vehicle with a glazed element and associated infrared camera, glazed element of this type

Info

Publication number: WO2024069105A1
Application number: PCT/FR2023/051497
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gabriel JOBERT
Original assignee: Saint-Gobain Glass France
Priority date: 2022-09-30
Filing date: 2023-09-28
Publication date: 2024-04-04
Also published as: FR3140328A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for a vehicle comprising a vehicle glazing (100) that includes, in a peripheral region, a through-hole having an insert (2), and an infrared camera having an infrared sensor. An RPV vignetting aspect ratio is defined for the insert. RPV is in a range of 0.8-1.2 Ra with Ra being the aspect ratio of the infrared sensor.

Description

DESCRIPTION

TITLE: DEVICE FOR VEHICLE WITH GLASS ELEMENT AND ASSOCIATED INFRARED CAMERA, SUCH A GLASS ELEMENT

The invention relates to a device for a vehicle with vehicle glazing, in particular a windshield, an infrared camera for displaying information.

Vehicle glazing and associated technology are constantly evolving, particularly to improve safety.

In particular, patent GB2271139 proposes a windshield comprising laminated glazing with, in a central part and close to the upper longitudinal edge, an opening filled by an insert made of material transparent to thermal infrared, more precisely zinc sulphide (ZnS) of transmission of at least 50% from 5 to 3 p.m. A dedicated thermal camera or so-called Fl R for far infrared coupled with a screen visible to the driver is in the passenger compartment opposite the insert. The hole is circular and the insert is a disc glued to the walls of the hole.

The object or person detection performance of such a far infrared (FIR) camera device can be improved. More broadly, the invention also concerns medium infrared cameras (MWIR in English) or even short infrared (SWIR in English).

For this purpose, the present invention relates firstly to a device for a vehicle, in particular automobile (car, truck, public transport: bus, coach etc.) or railway or even aeronautical comprising:

- a glazed element which includes: o glazing (in particular laminated and/or curved) of a vehicle, in particular automobile (car, truck, public transport: bus, coach etc.) or railway (in particular at a maximum speed of at most 90km /h or at most 70km/h, in particular metros, trams), or even aeronautics, in particular windshield, rear window, side glazing, in particular of a given thickness (subcentimetric in particular of at most 5mm for a windshield - automobile windshield), glazing having a main external face (called face F1) intended to be oriented towards the outside (oriented towards the outside in the mounted position) and a main (most) internal face intended to be on the passenger compartment side, - in the mounted position - (called face F4 if laminated glazing or called face F2), glazing comprising, preferably in a peripheral zone and preferably which is in the upper part of the glazing (preferably near the upper longitudinal edge in particular in a central region of the part upper), a through or blind hole (passenger compartment side hole) between the main internal face and the main external face (extending along a thickness of the glazing, all or part), in particular through hole delimited by a side wall of the glazing, in particular through hole (forming a cavity in the edge of the glazing) or closed hole (surrounded by a side wall of the glazing), in particular the glazing is not sufficiently transparent in the infrared from 0.8 to 20 pm, glazing (generally rectangular in shape in particular) extending (having a height) along an axis Y1 and (having a width) along a horizontal axis X1 normal to Y1, in particular X1 and Y1 defined from a reference point o in said hole, and possibly projecting on the passenger compartment side, an insert ("or porthole") - flat or curved, depending on the local curvature of the glazing - made of transparent material at an infrared wavelength LB in a range from 0.8pm to 20pm, in particular beyond from 2.5 pm, preferably from 7.5 to 8 pm to 3 or 1 pm, in particular from 9.5 to 10.5 pm, with an external main face - preferably flush or even set back from the external main face - intended to be oriented outwards in the mounted position and with an interior main face intended to be oriented towards the passenger compartment in the mounted position, the interior main face (flat or possibly curved) presenting an optical passage zone, (ie passage of infrared light rays to LB crossing the insert), having a height V1 (characteristic height, corresponding to the total height or the apparent height, if obscured) along the axis Y1 and a width W1 (characteristic width, corresponding to the total width or the apparent width, if obscured) along the axis X1, in particular with V1 >W1,

- an infrared (or even multispectral) camera (intended to be) arranged on the internal main face side, so as to receive infrared radiation at said LB (or even several radiations in at least one given infrared and/or visible spectral range) after crossing said insert -and any remaining part of the glazing if blind hole-, infrared camera comprising an infrared sensor at said LB (or at said spectral range, preferably matrix sensor of at least 160 pixels by at least 120 pixels) having an aspect ratio Ra (preferably greater than 1 and even greater than or equal to 1.25) we define a so-called vignetting aspect ratio RPV (which is based on the projection of the optical passage zone in a plane normal to the optical axis Xc of the infrared camera)

[Math 1]

W1

RPV = -

VI cosyl y1 =90- a1 with a1 being the local angle between an optical axis Xc of the infrared camera and the axis Y1 in position on the vehicle a1 is preferably at least 15° or 20° and at most 60° or 50° or 40° and therefore preferably y1 is in a range going from 25° or 30° or 40° to 75° or 70° or 50°. If the Xc axis is horizontal, a1 is the local angle of inclination of the glazing.

RPV is in a range going from 0.8 to 1.2 Ra, preferably from 0.95 Ra to 1.05 Ra. By adapting the shape of the insert (forming a pupil) in particular its RPV as a function of the Ra of the infrared sensor, the invention makes it possible to reduce the effects of vignetting of the infrared imaging device on the image captured by the infrared camera, that is to say to reduce the cut by the edge of the insert of the rays at the ends of the field of view.

The invention also makes it possible to minimize the size of the insert as much as possible in order to avoid a harmful impact on the mechanical integrity of the glazing and especially since its size has a direct impact on the cost linked to the material.

For example V1 and W1 are at most 100mm and even at most 50mm or 35mm and preferably at least 3mm (with V1 >W1).

The thickness of the insert can be less than, equal to or greater than the thickness of the glazing. The thickness of the insert is preferably at most 1cm, particularly in a range from 3 to 10mm.

In the case of a through hole, the insert (notably flat) can be flush with or set back from the main external face, and preferably protruding or flush on the passenger compartment side.

In the case of a blind hole in laminated glazing, the insert (in particular flat) can be flush with or set back from the main face called face F3 of the internal glass sheet, and preferably protruding or flush with the main internal face called face F4 of the internal glass sheet on the passenger compartment side. Preferably, the distance (the delta in height) between the main exterior face and the main exterior face is in a range from 0 mm to 0.05 mm.

When the glazing is curved we can define Y1, X1 as being directions in contact with the main internal face of the glazing at a reference point. We prefer a reference point close to the location of the insert. We can choose as a reference point, a point on the main internal face on the wall delimiting the hole, for example the highest point (in the mounted position). When the hole is centered, this reference point passes through the Y0 axis of symmetry in height of the glazing. The Z1 axis normal to Y1 and X1 goes from the inside to the outside of the glazing depending on the thickness of the glazing.

The present invention is advantageously supplemented by the following characteristics, taken individually or in any of their technically possible combinations.

Advantageously, the aspect ratio Ra is greater than 1 or greater than or equal to 1.25, preferably chosen from: 1.25, 4/3, 16/9 and 21/9.

Large aspect ratio formats are advantageous in automotive scenarios because objects of interest are primarily found near the horizon. And preferably W1 and V1 are less than 50mm and/or the insert is preferably elliptical.

As an example of a sensor for a far infrared camera we can cite the ATTO640 sensor from Lynred, Ra=4/3, VGA image format (640x480).

We also prefer a non-circular insert, in particular elliptical, polygonal, trapezoidal, or another non-regular shape as long as the choice of shape has little influence on manufacturing costs. A circular insert (RPV=1) with a Ra sensor greater than 1, degrades the vertical field of view (VFOV) compared to the horizontal field of view (HFOV) due to its inclination.

The infrared sensor is preferably matrix, in particular a matrix of microbolometers or semiconductor photodiodes, of at least 160 pixels by at least 120 pixels. The infrared sensor is in particular of image format of height H2 (or V2) and width W2, preferably H2 ranging from H2min equal to 1 mm to H2max equal to 10mm and preferably W2 being in a range ranging from at minus Ra*H2min and Ra*H2max.

The infrared camera can be centered, with a horizontal optical axis (Xc), then the imaging system will present asymmetrical vertical vignetting, favoring the upper part of the vertical field of view. Symmetrical vignetting is made possible when you allow yourself to vertically offset the camera in relation to the center of the insert, towards the top of the glazing. However, this has the effect of worsening the space constraints, by bringing the camera (for example the lens mount) closer to the glazing, thus impacting the total vignetting.

The invention reduces the impact of vignetting in all configurations of the infrared camera. y1 is often less than 90°. In one embodiment, y1 goes from 30° to 75° or 70° and even from 40° or 45° or 55° to 70°. Preferably Xc forms an angle with the horizontal of 0°±0.2*VFOV, better 0°±0.05*VFOV and even 0°, VFOV being the vertical field of view of the infrared camera.

To facilitate assembly or to improve robustness in particular, the entire surface of the insert is not necessarily optically functional.

According to one configuration, the main interior face of the insert is masked at the periphery, preferably all around, by a (peripheral) occultation element defining the contour of the optical passage zone, V1 is thus a fraction of the total (real) height of the insert, called apparent height, and the width W1 is thus a fraction of the total (real) width of the insert, called apparent width.

The contour (or perimeter) of the optical passage zone can be fixed by all of the innermost points of the occultation element (of its internal edge). The internal edge of the concealment element (insert support, etc.) can be beveled (following the horizontal, etc.).

Then, cumulatively (or even alternatively) with the choice of the general shape of the insert, it is possible to optimize the edge of the insert, for example fixed by the type of cutting of a plate (the insert can also be preformed , for example being molded etc). Indeed, in the case where the edge (in particular fixed by cutting) is normal to the main interior and exterior faces, then certain infrared light rays which pass through one of the main interior and exterior faces are refracted in the insert and are thus offset relative to each other of the interior and exterior faces.

It is then wise for the angle of inclination of the edge of the insert (fixed by the cutting angle in particular) to be chosen in such a way that the main interior and exterior faces are offset following the angle deviation linked to the refraction of infrared light in the insert, with a tolerance.

Thus, advantageously, the insert has a beveled (oblique) edge, preferably all around, following an angle p oriented positively between an axis which is the normal of the insert, axis pointing towards the outside of the glazing , and the beveled slice, p going from Pmin to Pmax, with

[Math 2]

Pmin = asin sin(yl - VFOV/2) and

[Math 3]

Pmax = asin — sin(yl + VFOV/2) VFOV being the vertical field of view of the infrared camera, n1 being the refractive index of the insert at said LB in particular from 1.35 to 4.5.

We prefer that the angle p is equal to the median angle p ₀ :

[Math 4]

/? ₀ = asm

In one embodiment, the hole is through and delimited laterally by a wall of the glazing.

The insert is mounted on the glazing wall in different ways:

- by an adhesive (glue, in particular liquid deposition, double-sided tape, adhesive film, etc.)

- and/or mechanical, by a support preferably with a width of at least 0.5mm in the hole and even at most 10mm or even at most 2mm (width limited for purposes of discretion for example), support (side wall of the support) in direct contact and/or glued to the side wall of the glazing delimiting the hole.

The support allows the insert to be embedded (interfaced) with the wall of the glazing delimiting the hole. Preferably, the support performs a sealing function in particular is annular, surrounding and in direct contact or adhesive contact with the wall of the glazing delimiting the hole. Preferably, the support is robust to thermal expansion differences of the insert and the glazing.

The support is for example molded. The support can be made of organic polymer material (or inorganic organic hybrid), in particular fiber (glass fibers, etc.), for example flexible. The support can be formed from a thermoplastic material or a metallic material. The material of the support can be for example polyurethane, polybutylene terephthalate (called PBT), polyamide in particular nylon 66, acryn itrile and butadiene styrene (called ABS) or even aluminum or sintered steel . Preferably, the support material has a coefficient of thermal expansion of between 0.8 times the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass (first or second sheet of glass if laminated glazing) and between 1.2 times the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass (first or second sheet of glass if laminated glazing).

In particular, the insert can be embedded in the support comprising a side wall at least partially covering the wall of the glazing delimiting the hole (preferably support mounted without glue, in direct contact with the wall of the glazing) side wall extending along a first direction (normal or inclined relative to to the plane of the insert) up to an exterior surface of the flush support or below flush with the external main face. The width of the side wall, particularly if molded material, is preferably at least 0.5mm or 0.6mm. This width can be variable from the face facing the inside of the support to the face facing the outside of the support.

The support may have an interior edge (all or part) facing the edge of the insert and an exterior edge (all or part) facing the side wall delimiting the hole. The support may further comprise a step (inner edge side), step (the step nose more precisely) which is in contact with a peripheral zone of the main interior face, and on which the insert rests. The step forms a stop. The step then forms a peripheral element for concealing infrared rays, preferably with a width of at most 1 mm and even at most 0.5 mm. The interior edge of the support can be oblique beyond the step nose (outwards) to maintain the insert and the insert can even be of frustoconical section beyond the step (outwards).

Preferably, to maximize the optical passage zone:

- the main interior face of the insert is protruding or flush with the support (on the face facing the inside of the support), (and without obscuration)

- or when the main interior face of the insert is set back from the support (from the face oriented towards the inside of the support) and the support includes a step forming a peripheral element for concealing infrared rays, the step (the riser of the step) preferably comprises a flare moving away from the main interior face, in particular flare defined by an angle of at least VFOV/2, VFOV being the vertical field of view of the infrared camera; in other words, the interior edge of the support at the level of the step is beveled, (oblique) widening away from the main interior face.

The edge of the insert is not necessarily smooth. In particular for fixing purposes, the edge of the insert and the side wall of the support facing the edge (therefore the internal edge of the support) may have one or more elements with complementary shapes, in particular one or more the other may have one or more grooves whose shape is capable of trapping parasitic rays.

The complementary elements in shape can thus be formed by a series of grooves formed on the support and by a series of grooves formed on the insert, the grooves formed on the support having a complementary shape with the grooves formed on the insert . Each groove can form a closed line the along the edge. The grooves can be parallel to each other. Preferably, the complementary shape elements comprise at least two grooves, preferably at least three grooves, preferably at least four grooves. Thus, at least part of the slice makes it possible to avoid parasitic reflection of light rays.

The elements with complementary shapes can have a thickness along an axis defined by a diameter of the insert (for example the total height V1). This thickness can be less than one tenth of the diameter of the insert, and preferably less than one twentieth of the diameter of the insert. The thickness may be less than 1 mm. Thus, it is possible to mechanically hold the insert in the support in the absence of adhesive while maximizing the size of the insert. The support may include a collar mounted fixed to the side wall of the support and extending on the main internal face for example over a few cm or even over 1 cm at most. Preferably, the side wall and the collar form a monolithic element, in particular molded. The thickness of the flange can be at least 0.6 or 0.8mm.

An adhesive layer is preferably in contact with the internal main face and with one face of the flange arranged facing the internal main face, it completely surrounds the side wall of the support, forming a seal. This allows for waterproofing. Preferably the glue extends over the side wall (outer side of the side wall therefore the outer edge) over at most half the thickness of the glazing and even the glue does not extend between the side wall delimiting the hole and the external edge of the support which is opposite. The width of the glue forming the joint can be at least 2mm or even 4mm. The adhesive layer can be formed by a glue, in particular polyurethane glue (PU). The adhesive layer can also be formed by double-sided adhesive tape or a self-adhesive film.

The insert can be planar with parallel main interior and exterior faces or be curved with main interior and exterior faces following the same curvature, in particular the local curvature of the glazing.

The material of the insert can have an infrared optical transmission of at least 30% and better still of at least 40% and even better of at least 60%, 65% or 70% at said LB (better in the spectral range ), notably infrared optical transmission greater than that of glazing.

The glazing (in particular the first sheet of glass and/or the second sheet of glass if laminated) may in particular have a first absorption coefficient ai bright at LB and better in the spectral range of the infrared camera, the insert having a second coefficient a? light absorption at LB and better in the spectral range of the infrared camera, the second coefficient a? being strictly less than the first coefficient ai). For example, the insert has a coefficient a? absorption of a light ray less than 0.5 cm' ¹ at LB and better in the spectral range of the infrared camera.

Advantageously, to improve mechanical resistance, the insert may include a layer of mechanical and/or chemical protection on the exterior face and possibly on the interior face.

The mechanical and/or chemical protection layer (preferably a coating - single-layer or multi-layer -) can be chosen from at least one of the following layers:

- a layer comprising a zinc sulphide (in particular ZnS) in particular on an insert of ZnS _x Sei- _x , in particular zinc selenide ZnSe, for mechanical protection,

- a diamond layer, preferably amorphous for its adhesion properties to the crystal of the insert, in particular with a thickness of at least 10nm or 20nm and preferably from 50nm to 300nm and even at most 100nm,

- a DLC layer (for “diamond like carbon” in English), that is to say a layer based on diamond-like carbon, preferably amorphous, in particular with a thickness of at least 10nm or 20nm and preferably 50nm at 300nm and even at most 10Onm. Adding a sufficiently thin layer of ZnS on ZnSe does not degrade transmission and guarantees erosion resistance similar to bulk ZnS. An example product is TUFTRAN™ from Rohm & Haas.

For example, material such as ZnS _x _Seix (including ZnS) can be coated with a layer of ZnS to protect it against acids and other specific solvents such as methanol, etc.

Alternatively to ZnS, it is therefore possible to deposit for example by chemical phase deposition (in particular PECVD) or vapor phase deposition (PVD) a diamond layer (or a DLC layer) without degrading transmission and still guaranteeing resistance to erosion. bigger. A manufacturing example is described in the publication by Osipkov and others IOP conf. Ser. Material Science and Engineering 74 (2015) 012013. The insert can therefore be coated with a functional overcoat (anti-scratch, anti-fog, etc.) of different refractive index n is the index of the material of dominant thickness. To further increase optical performance, the insert may include on its main interior face an internal anti-reflection coating, at said LB and better in the spectral range of the infrared camera, and/or on its main exterior face an external anti-reflection coating, at said LB and better in the spectral range of the infrared camera. The coating is single-layer or multi-layer.

As an example of material for the internal and/or external anti-reflective coating we can choose: YbFs, ZnS, ZnSe, silicon, germanium, diamond.

The infrared camera, with preferably a matrix infrared sensor, is preferably with a vertical field of view VFOV ranging from HFOVmin/Ra and HFOVmax/Ra and the same horizontal field of view HFOV ranging from 10° to 70°. The infrared camera is chosen in particular from: short infrared camera (LB of 0.8 to 2.5 pm or even 1.7 pm), particularly medium infrared camera (LB of 3 to 5 pm), and very particularly far infrared camera (LB of 7 .5 to 20pm preferably spectral range of 8 to 13pm).

Advantageously, the insert of the mid or far infrared camera is preferably an element chosen from zinc sulphide ZnS, zinc selenide ZnSe, BaF2, sapphire, CaF2, silicon, germanium, sapphire, a chalcogenide glass and a crosslinked organosulfur hybrid polymer comprising linear chains of sulfur crosslinked by organic comonomers or any other transparent material in the spectral range of use.

In one embodiment, the glazing forms laminated glazing, in particular a windshield, in particular curved, the laminated glazing comprising a first sheet of glass with a first face called face F1 which is the main external face and a second opposite face and a second sheet of glass (preferably) or plastic with a fourth face called face F4 which is the main internal face and a third opposite main face called face F3, the first and second sheets being linked by a lamination interlayer made of a polymer material ( notably acoustic and/or tinted) for example thermoplastic.

The hole is through, the camera is mid infrared (MWIR) with LB from 3 to 5pm, the camera is far infrared (Fl R) with LB from 7.5 to 20pm preferably 8 to 13pm, the insert is between the face F1 and face F4. Or the hole is partial, a hole which passes through the thickness of the second sheet of glass, the insert is between face F3 and face F4 and the camera is short infrared with LB from 0.8 to 2.5pm or even 1 ,7 p.m.

In one embodiment, the glazing forms laminated glazing, in particular a windshield (preferably of a road vehicle), in particular curved, the laminated glazing comprising a first sheet of glass with a first face called face F1 which is the main external face and a second opposite face and a second sheet of glass (preferably) or plastic with a fourth called face F4 which is the main internal face and a third opposite main face called face F3, the first and second sheets being linked by a lamination interlayer, (in particular acoustic and/or tinted) in a polymer material, for example thermoplastic.

The hole is through, with a first hole in the first sheet of glass, (a hole in the lamination interlayer), a second hole in the second sheet of glass, second hole of width greater than the first hole. Another insert is in the second hole and is perforated to accommodate a part (fraction of thickness) of the insert, insert which is between face F1 and said face F4 (extending over all or part of the thickness of the glazing). Said other insert is transparent at another wavelength LB1 of at most 1.7 pm (for another short infrared camera or a LIDAR, intended to be arranged on the internal main face side of the other insert so as to receive radiation infrared to said LB1 after crossing said other insert). LB is at least 2.5pm and the infrared camera is a mid or far infrared camera.

The invention also relates to a glazed element with vehicle glazing having an external main face intended to be oriented towards the outside and an internal main face intended to be on the passenger compartment side, the glazing comprising a hole, through or blind hole between the face main internal face and the main external face, glazing along an axis Y1 and along a horizontal axis X1 normal to Y1

- in said hole, an insert made of transparent material at an infrared wavelength LB included in a range from 0.8 to 20 pm (in particular from 0.8 to 2.5 pm or 1.7 pm or 3 to 5 pm or even 7.5 or 8 to 1 p.m.), with a main exterior face intended to be oriented towards the outside and a main interior face intended to be on the passenger compartment side, the main interior face (possibly curved) presents an optical passage zone, having a height V1 along the axis Y1 and a width W1 along the horizontal axis X1 of the glazing, an aspect ratio called vignetting RPV is defined

[Math 5]

W1

RPV = — VI; - cos y yl

RPV being in a range going from 0.8 to 1.2 Ra, preferably from 0.95 Ra to 1.05 Ra. Ra being the aspect ratio of an infrared sensor (in particular short, far-medium infrared) intended to be arranged on the internal main face side so as to receive a infrared radiation to said LB, y1 ranging from 30° to 70° and even from 40° or 45° to 55° to 70°.

As usual lamination interlayer, in addition, we can cite poly(vinyl butyral) PVB, polyurethane PU used flexible, a thermoplastic without plasticizer such as ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), an ionomer resin. These plastics have, for example, a thickness between 0.2 mm and 1.1 mm, in particular 0.3 and 0.7 mm.

Without departing from the scope of the invention, the interlayer can of course comprise several sheets of thermoplastic material of different natures, for example of different hardnesses to ensure an acoustic function, as for example described in publication US 6,132,882, in particular a set of PVB sheets of different hardnesses. Likewise, one of the glass sheets can be thinned compared to the thicknesses conventionally used.

The lamination interlayer can according to the invention have a corner shape, in particular with a view to a HUD (Head Up Display) application. Also the lamination interlayer (one or more sheets) can be tinted in the mass.

The lamination interlayer may comprise another functional plastic film (transparent, clear or tinted), for example a PET poly(ethylene terephthalate) film carrying an athermal, electroconductive layer, etc. For example we have PVB/functional plastic film/PVB between faces F2 and F3.

The transparent plastic film can have a thickness of between 10 and 100 μm. The transparent plastic film can be more widely made of polyamide, polyester, polyolefin (PE: polyethylene, PP: polypropylene), polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), poly ethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate ( PC). We prefer a clear film, particularly PET.

As we can use for example a clear coated PET film, for example XIR from the company Eastman, a coextruded PET-PMMA film, for example of the SRF 3M® type, but also many other films (for example PC, PE , PEN, PMMA, PVC), which are visually as transparent as possible and do not change in the autoclave with regard to their surface and consistency.

In the case of a blind (non-through) hole, if necessary, a partial or total hole is made in the lamination interlayer (and any functional plastic film).

In order to limit heating in the passenger compartment or to limit the use of air conditioning, at least one of the glass sheets (preferably the exterior glass) is tinted, and the laminated glazing may also include a reflective or absorbent layer. THE solar radiation, preferably on face F4 or on face F2 or F3, in particular a layer of transparent electroconductive oxide called TCO layer (on face F4) or even a stack of thin layers comprising at least one TCO layer, or d stacks of thin layers comprising at least one layer of silver (on face F2 or F3), the or each layer of silver being arranged between dielectric layers. We can combine a layer (with silver) on side F2 and/or F3 and a TCO layer on side F4.

The TCO layer (of a transparent electroconductive oxide) is preferably a layer of fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F) or a layer of mixed tin and indium oxide (ITO).

In the case of a through hole, this layer reflecting or absorbing solar radiation is perforated (or absent) facing the insert.

In the case of a blind hole, it is preferred that this layer reflecting or absorbing solar radiation also be perforated (or absent) to the right of the blind hole.

The glazing according to the invention may include an opaque (masking) layer, in particular an enamel (black etc.), at the edge of the hole (so as to mask the infrared camera or other sensors or cameras for example).

A main face (for example face F2) of the glazing may include an opaque (masking) layer, in particular an enamel (black etc.) at the edge of the through hole (so as to mask the infrared camera for example) and/or a face main (for example face F3 or F4) of the glazing has an opaque (masking) layer, in particular an enamel (black etc.) at the edge of the through hole (so as to mask the infrared camera for example).

It is also possible to provide a masking layer on at least one of the main faces of the lamination interlayer, particularly PVB.

Naturally the most sought-after application is for the glazing to be a windshield of a road vehicle (automobile) or even rail vehicle (at moderate speed).

The invention further relates to a road (automobile) or rail vehicle, in particular autonomous or semi-autonomous, integrating said glazed element (in particular windshield) and even said device as defined above.

The invention relates in particular to a motor vehicle, in particular autonomous or semi-autonomous, integrating said glazed element (in particular windshield) and even said device as defined above.

The point closest to the infrared camera is preferably spaced from the main internal face and distant from the main internal face (F4 in particular) by at most 20mm and preferably at least 2mm. Other characteristics, aims and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows, which is purely illustrative and not limiting, and which must be read with reference to the appended drawings in which:

[Fig. 1] - Figure 1 shows a partial sectional view of a device with a glazed element forming a windshield and an infrared camera according to one embodiment of the invention,

[Fig. 2] - Figure 2 illustrates the general shape of an insert in the glazed element of Figure 1 and a plane normal to the optical axis showing the image format of the sensor of the infrared camera of Figure 1,

[Fig. 3] - Figure 3 shows a front view of the automobile windshield of Figure 1,

[Fig. 4] - Figure 4 shows a partial sectional view of a device with a glazed element forming a windshield and an infrared camera according to one embodiment of the invention,

[Fig. 5] - Figure 5 illustrates a section of an insert with mounting support in a variant of Figure 4,

[Fig. 6] - Figure 6 illustrates a partial section of a glazed element forming a windshield according to one embodiment of the invention,

[Fig. 7] - - Figure 7 illustrates a section of an insert with mounting support in a variant of Figure 6,

[Fig. 8] - Figure 8 illustrates a partial section of a glazed element forming a windshield according to one embodiment of the invention,

[Fig. 9] - Figure 9 shows a partial sectional view of a device with a glazed element forming a windshield and an infrared camera according to one embodiment of the invention,

[Fig. 10] - Figure 10 is a sectional view with perspective of the insert support of Figure 9,

[Fig. 10'] - Figure 10' is a sectional view of the insert of Figure 9,

[Fig. 11] - Figure 11 shows a partial sectional view of a device with a glazed element forming a windshield and an infrared camera according to one embodiment of the invention,

[Fig. 12] - Figure 12 shows a partial sectional view of a device with a glass element forming a windshield and an infrared camera according to one embodiment of the invention, [Fig. 13] - Figure 13 shows four curves C1, C'1, C2 and C'2 showing the light intensity I collected as a function of the angle FV, precisely angle FV1 relative to the horizontal optical axis angle FV2 relative to the vertical axis Z respectively, with a sensor of given image format, by modifying the shape of the isosurface insert S,

[Fig. 14] Figure 14 shows four curves C3, C'1, C4 and C'2 showing the IR light intensity collected as a function of the angle FV, precisely angle FV1 relative to the horizontal optical axis angle FV2 relative to the vertical axis Z respectively, with a sensor of a given image format, by modifying the shape and the edge of the isosurface insert S.

In all the figures, similar elements bear identical references. Items are not to scale.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device comprising a windshield 100 mounted in a road (or rail) vehicle according to the invention, in section with an infrared camera 9 placed behind the windshield facing an area which is preferably located in the central and upper part of the windshield. Figure 3 shows a front view of the automobile windshield 100 of Figure 1.

The windshield 100 is a laminated, curved glazing comprising:

- an external sheet of glass 1, for example clear or extraclear glass, with main exterior face called face F1 and main face called opposite face F2, and 2.1 mm thick or even 1.6 mm or even less,

- and an internal glass sheet 1' (or alternatively a plastic sheet) for example in tinted glass (or clear or extraclear) and 2.1mm thick or even 1.6mm or even less, with main face interior called face F4 on the passenger compartment side and a side called face F3 opposite

- the two sheets of glass being linked to each other by an interlayer of thermoplastic material 3, most often of polyvinyl butyral (PVB) for example clear, of submillimeter thickness possibly having a cross section decreasing in the shape of a wedge of the top towards the bottom of the laminated glazing, for example a PVB (RC41 from Solutia or Eastman) with a thickness of approximately 0.76 mm or alternatively if necessary an acoustic PVB (three-layer or four-layer) for example with a thickness of 0.81 mm approximately, for example interlayer in three PVB sheets. The first glass sheet 1 is in particular based on silica, soda-lime, silicosodo-calcium (preferably), aluminosilicate, borosilicate, has a weight content of total iron oxide (expressed in the form Fe2Os) of at most 0.05% (500ppm), preferably at most 0.03% (300ppm) and at most 0.015% (150ppm) and in particular greater than or equal to 0.005%. The first sheet of glass may have a redox greater than or equal to 0.15, and in particular between 0.2 and 0.30, in particular between 0.25 and 0.30. We choose in particular an OPTWHITE glass and 1.95mm.

The second sheet of glass 1, in particular based on silica, soda-lime, preferably silica-soda-lime (and like the first sheet of glass), or even aluminosilicate, or borosilicate, has a weight content of total iron oxide of at least 0.4% and preferably at most 1.5%. Mention may be made in particular of the Applicant's glasses called TSAnx (0.5 to 0.6% iron) TSA2+, TSA3+ (0.8 to 0.9% iron) , TSA4+(1% iron), TSA5+, for example green. For example, we choose a 1.6mm TSA3+ glass.

In a conventional and well-known manner, the windshield is obtained by hot lamination of elements 1, 1' and 3.

According to the invention, in the peripheral zone facing the thermal camera, the windshield has a through hole 4 here between the external main face 11 and the internal main face 14, hole delimited by a side wall 15 of laminated glazing (wall of glass 1/PVB 3/glass 1'). In said through hole 4, an insert 2 of transparent material is mounted in a so-called LB range of infrared wavelengths included in a range from 0.8 to 20 pm, of refractive index n1 in the LB range, in particular of 1.35 to 4.5, with an exterior face 21, an interior face 22 and a straight edge 20.

The glazing extends along an axis Y1 along a horizontal axis X1 normal to Y1.

The glazing is curved, we can define Y1, X1 as being axes in contact with the internal main face 14 at a reference point. We prefer a reference point close to the location of the insert 2. We can choose as a reference point, a point on the main internal face on the wall delimiting the hole 4, for example the highest point (in the mounted position ). When hole 4 is centered, this reference point passes through the Y0 axis of symmetry in height of the glazing. The Z1 axis normal to Y1 and X1 goes from the inside to the outside of the glazing depending on the thickness of the glazing.

The camera 7 can be oriented at a certain angle with respect to the horizontal. The optical axis Xc of the camera preferably forms an angle with the horizontal of 0°±0.2*VFOV, preferably 0°±0.05*VFOV and even zero (normal to the vertical axis Z) , VFOV being the vertical field of view of the infrared camera 7. For its assembly, the insert is glued to the wall 15 or as here is preferably embedded in a support 2 comprising a side wall at least partially covering the wall 15 (preferably support mounted without glue, in direct contact with the wall of the glazing ) side wall extending in a first direction (normal or inclined relative to the plane of the insert) to an exterior surface

51 of the support flush or below flush with the external main face 1 1. The width of the side wall, in particular if molded material, is preferably at least 0.5mm or 0.6mm. This width can be variable from the side facing inwards

52 on the side facing outwards 51.

The support has an inner edge 50 (all or part) facing the edge of the insert 20 and an outer edge 50 (all or part) facing the side wall delimiting the hole 15.

This mounting support 5, between the insert 2 and the side wall 15 is in particular in the form of a ring 5, is in direct contact with the side wall 15 by the external edge 50' over the entire periphery and in direct contact with the insert 2 by the internal edge 50 all around. Here the interior and exterior surfaces 51, 52 are parallel and the interior and exterior edges 50, 50’ are parallel and straight (parallel to Z1).

The through hole 4 is here closed (surrounded by the wall 15) but can alternatively be a through hole, made in the edge of the glazing therefore, preferably upper longitudinal slice.

The through hole (and insert) may be in another region of the windshield or even in another vehicle glazing other than a windshield.

The vehicle glazing can alternatively be monolithic.

The windshield 100 also comprises on the external main face 11 (face F1) for example or preferably on face F2 (and/or on face F3 or face F4, preferably face F2 or even face F4 in addition) an opaque coating for example black 6, such as a layer of enamel or black lacquer.

This coating is here on the entire surface of the glazing placed opposite the device incorporating the infrared camera 7 (on the entire perimeter of the hole 4 therefore), including its housing 8 (plastic, metal etc.), so as to hide it. this. The box 8 can be fixed to a plate glued to the internal face 14 with glue 80 and fixed to the roof 9 or between the roof and the insert. Plate 7 is optional and box 8 can be fixed differently.

This layer can be a layer (printed ink, etc.) deposited on a main face of the lamination interlayer 3. The opaque layer 6 can extend beyond the area with the insert 2. Optionally the (lateral) extension of the opaque layer forming a strip at the upper edge of the through hole so that the windshield has an opaque strip (black) along the upper longitudinal edge or even an opaque frame (black) around the entire periphery, as shown in Figure 3. Insert 2 (and the through hole) can be in the central enlarged black area (rearview mirror area or sensors) centered along YO or offset, or alternatively the insert 2' is offset to the left or right of this enlarged black zone, in a transparent zone. Within this enlarged zone, the insert 2 can be next to a transmission window 70 of another wavelength LB', for example for a visible camera. In another variant, the insert 2' in the enlarged zone and under this transmission window 70 and for example centered along YO.

More precisely concerning the insert 2, the interior and exterior faces 21, 22 are for example flat, the insert having a thickness preferably constant, the thickness preferably being at most 1 cm or subcentimetric in particular in a range ranging from 3 to 10mm. The edge 20 of the insert 2 facing the side wall of the glazing 15 preferably has a sufficient thickness to facilitate maintenance, for example at least 3mm (towards the top of the glazing).

The main exterior face 21 here is flush with the main exterior face 11 (face F1) or alternatively is set back from the main exterior face 11 (face F1).

The main interior face 22 here projects from the main internal face 14 (face F4). Insert 2 here has a rectangular section.

Preferably, the distance (the delta in height) between the face F1 and the exterior face 21 is in a range going from 0 mm to 0.05 mm. Preferably, the distance (the delta in height) between the face F1 and the exterior surface 51 of the support (face facing outwards) is in a range going from 0 mm to 0.05 mm.

The material of insert 2 has an infrared transmission of at least 40% or 50% and better still of at least 65% at LB.

The material of insert 2, in particular polycrystalline, is for example chosen from:

- a zinc compound comprising selenium and/or sulfur or

- a compound comprising a barium fluoride.

In particular we choose:

- a compound comprising a multispectral zinc sulfide, in particular obtained after hot isostatic pressing, in particular including selenium, such as ZnS _x Sei- _x with x preferably at least 0.97, in particular multispectral ZnS - or a compound comprising a zinc selenide, in particular ZnSe, in particular including sulfur, such as ZnSe _y Si- _y with y of at least 0.97

. a compound comprising a barium fluoride in particular including calcium and/or strontium, in particular Bai-j-j CajSrjF2 with i andj preferably at most 0.25 or else Bai-jCajF2 with i preferably at most 0.25 , in particular BaF2.

You can choose a bare multispectral ZnS or covered with a protective layer of zinc sulfide or a ZnSe covered with a protective layer of zinc sulfide.

The insert 2 here preferably comprises a mechanical and/or chemical protection layer 2' on the main exterior face 21 and possibly on the main interior face. It is a coating chosen for example from a layer comprising a zinc sulphide, a diamond layer or a DLC layer.

The material of the support 5 can for example be polyurethane. Preferably, the support material 5 has a thermal expansion coefficient of between 0.8 times the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass and between 1.2 times the thermal expansion coefficient of the glass.

The infrared camera 7 receives infrared light radiation at said LB after passing through said insert 2. The infrared camera 7 comprises an infrared sensor 71 at said LB having an aspect ratio Ra preferably greater than 1 and even greater than or equal to 1 .25 and downstream a lens 72.

The infrared sensor 71 is matrix, in particular a matrix of micro-bolometers or semiconductor photodiodes, of at least 160 pixels by at least 120 pixels, image format of height H2 (or V2) and width W2, preferably H2 ranging from H2min equal to 1 mm to H2max equal to 10mm and W2 of at least Ra*H2min and Ra*H2max.

The infrared camera 71 has a vertical field of view VFOV ranging from HFOV min and max/Ra and the same horizontal field of view HFOV ranging from 10° to 70° and the camera in particular chosen from far infrared camera or alternatively medium infrared camera.

The aspect ratio Ra is greater than 1 preferably chosen from: 1.25 4/3, 16/9 and 21/9.

The interior main face 22 has an optical passage zone, having a height V1 along the axis Y1 and a width W1 along the axis X1.

Figure 2 illustrates (in the left part) the general elliptical shape, preferably of the insert 2 defined by its height V1 (between edges A and B) and its width W1 (between edges I and J). Right part of Figure 2, a plane normal to the optical axis (along Z) shows the image format of sensor 71 defined by V2 (distance GH) and W2 (EF distance). We carry out the projection of the insert in this normal plane. We then define an aspect ratio called RPV vignetting

[Math 6]

W1

RPV = -

VI cos yl y1 =90- a1 with a1 being the local angle between the optical axis Xc of the infrared camera and the axis Y1 in position on the vehicle

RPV is chosen according to the invention in a range going from 0.8 and 1.2 Ra, preferably from 0.95 Ra to 1.05 Ra. y1 is in a range from 30° to 70°.

W1 and V1 are preferably less than 50mm, the insert is preferably elliptical.

Here V1 is the distance between the edges AB (following Y1) and corresponds to the total (real) height of the insert. The interior main face 22 of the insert is projecting or flush with the interior surface 52 of the support 5.

If insert 2 is curved we can keep V1 as the distance between the edges AB or choose the arc AB.

The optical axis Xc passes through the center C of insert 2 (camera 7 is centered).

Preferably, the point T of the infrared camera closest to the glazing is spaced from the main internal face 14 (face F4) by a distance h of at most 20mm and preferably non-zero, of at least 2mm.

Figure 4 shows a partial sectional view of a device with a glazed element forming a windshield 200 and with an infrared camera 7 according to one embodiment of the invention.

This windshield 200 differs from the previous windshield 100 by the elements detailed below.

The edges 50, 20 of the support 5 and the insert 2 have for example complementary elements of shape 23,54 configured to block movement of the insert 2 relative to the support in a direction normal to the surface of the glazing. The shape-complementary elements can be formed by a series of grooves (or bosses) formed on the support and by a series of grooves formed (or bosses) on the insert 2, the grooves formed on the support having complementarity shaped with the grooves formed on the insert, preferably at least four grooves. Each groove can form a closed line along the edge. The grooves can be parallel to each other. Thus, at least part of the slice makes it possible to avoid parasitic reflection of light rays.

The complementary shape elements may have a thickness of less than one tenth of the diameter of the insert, and preferably less than one twentieth of the diameter of the insert. The thickness may be less than 1 mm. Thus, it is possible to mechanically hold the insert in the support in the absence of adhesive while maximizing the apparent diameter of the insert.

The support 5 comprises the side wall and a flange 53 fixedly mounted to the side wall and extending on the interior face 14 F4. The side wall and the collar 53 here form a monolithic element, preferably formed by injection of a material from the support 5 into a mold. An adhesive layer 6' is in contact with face F4 and with an internal face of flange 53 arranged opposite face F4. The adhesive layer 6' completely surrounds the side wall of the support, so as to form a waterproof seal between the face F4 and the flange 53.

The adhesive layer 6' can be formed by a glue, in particular polyurethane glue (PU). The adhesive layer 6' can also be formed by double-sided adhesive tape.

Furthermore, the insert 2 comprises on its main exterior face 21 an external anti-reflective coating 24, at said LB 23 and on its main interior face 22 an internal anti-reflection coating 24', at said LB.

Figure 5 illustrates a section of an insert embedded in its support in a variant of Figure 4.

This variant differs in that the support 5 comprises (opposite the collar 53) a step 55 having a surface called the nosing of the steps in contact with the interior face 22 of the support and a riser here normal to the nosing of the steps. The insert 2 is mounted to rest on the stop formed by the nosing. Thus, it is possible to prevent the movement of the insert 2 along Z1 without using adhesive between the insert and the support 5.

Step 55 forms a peripheral element for concealing infrared rays. V1 is then the apparent height, less than the total height V2 between A and B.

V1 is equal to the distance AoB' as a first approximation or even is equal to A'B' if we take into account the vignetting caused by the right slice of height A0A1 which is the counter step. A' is the extension following the horizontal of the edge Ai of the riser. Figure 6 illustrates a partial section of a glazed element 400 forming a windshield according to one embodiment of the invention.

This variant differs from the embodiment of Figure 4 by the shape of the edge of the insert 2 which has a complementary shape 23' to the shape 53 of the internal edge of the support (of the side wall. The shape 53 of type hook allows retention of insert 2.

Here the insert is flush with the interior face 52 of the support.

For simplification, the opaque layer 6 is omitted and could be on face F2 and/or on face F4.

Figure 7 illustrates a section of an insert embedded in its support in a variant of Figure 6.

This variant differs from the embodiment of Figure 4 in that the riser of step 55 is beveled and therefore parallel to the horizontal to further limit the effects of vignetting. V1 is equal to A’Ai which is equal to A0A2 here.

Figure 8 illustrates a partial section of a glazed element 600 forming a windshield according to one embodiment of the invention,

This variant mainly differs from the embodiment of Figure 4 in that the main interior face 22 of the insert is set back from the interior face 52 of the support 5.

The innermost part of the edge 50 is beveled 57 forming a chamfer, flaring away from the main interior face 22 defined by an angle a2 of at least VFOV/2, VFOV being the vertical field of view of the camera infrared.

V1 can be defined as the real height AB or more precisely by A’B.

Figure 9 shows a partial sectional view of a device with glazed element 700 forming a windshield and infrared camera according to one embodiment of the invention. Figure 10 is a sectional view with perspective of the insert support of Figure 9. Figure 10' is a sectional view of the insert of Figure 9.

The insert 2 has a beveled (or oblique) edge, preferably all around, following an angle p oriented positively between an axis which is the normal N of the insert, pointing towards the outside of the glazing and going from p _m in to Pmax with

[Math 7]

Pmin = asin sin(yl - VFOV /2) And

[Math 8]

Pmax = asin ^sin(yl + VFOV/2)^

VFOV being the vertical field of view of the infrared camera, n1 being the refractive index of the insert at said LB.

We prefer that the angle p is equal to the median angle (3o:

[Math 9]

/? ₀ = asin

Naturally, the support also has a beveled (or oblique) edge to remain in contact with the insert.

The beveled edge can be smooth or with grooves as already indicated, in particular the complementarities of shapes between the edge of the insert and the edge of the support (the side wall of the support).

As a variant, we can provide a step or stop like step 55 already described.

As already seen, the hole is through, the camera is mid infrared with LB from 3 to 5pm or far infrared with LB from 7.5 to 20pm, the insert is between face F1 and face F4.

Alternatively, the hole is partial, a hole which passes through the thickness of the second glass sheet 1', the insert is between face F3 and face F4 (all or part of the thickness of 1') and the camera is short infrared with LB from 0.8 to 2.5pm or even 1.7pm.

Figure 11 shows a partial sectional view of a device 800 with a glazed element forming a windshield and an infrared camera according to one embodiment of the invention.

The windshield 800 differs from the windshield 100 in that the hole 4 is partial, made only in the internal glass sheet 1' or even in the lamination interlayer 3 if necessary (partial or through hole in interlayer 3) .

The exterior face 21 of the insert 2 is therefore glued here to the main interior face 32 of the lamination insert 3 (the face 31 being the main exterior face).

The infrared camera 7' is a short infrared camera preferably with a sensor 71' for short infrared (LB from 0.8 to 2.5 pm or 1.7 pm) and a lens 72'. Figure 12 shows a partial sectional view of a device 900 with a glazed element forming a windshield and an infrared camera according to one embodiment of the invention.

The windshield 900 differs from the windshield 100 by the environment of insert 2 (always between face F1 and face F4) and the shape of hole 4.

Hole 4 is through, with:

- a first through hole 41 of the first sheet of glass,

- a second through hole 42 of the second sheet of glass, second hole of width greater than the first hole

- a through hole of spacer 43.

Another insert 2' is only in the second hole 42 and is perforated to accommodate part of the insert 2. Said other insert 2' is transparent at another wavelength LB1 of at most 2.5pm or 1, 7pm. For example a SWIR camera or a Lidar is associated with this other insert and near the far infrared camera 7 or a MWIR camera as a variant.

First and second optical characterizations in the form of curves reflecting the horizontal and vertical vignetting are carried out with the device 100 arranged as described in Figure 1 and in particular with the following data:

- a1= 35°, therefore yl= 55°

- for sensor 71, the FPA VGA image format (640*480 pixels) with a step of 17 pm, Ra is greater than 1 here equal to 4/3, the spectral range is 8 to 12 pm (far infrared camera or FIR), with a HFOV of 42.1° and VFOV of 31.9°

- lens 72 with a focal length of 14mm and open at f/1.2.

- insert 2 in zinc selenide ZnS, with refractive index n1 equal to 2.2 and thickness 3mm, i.e. elliptical with V1 =22.87mm and W1=17.49mm giving an RPV=4/3 and therefore equal to Ra, i.e. circular with a diameter of 20mm for the iso-surface comparison giving an RPV=1.743 therefore 1.31 Ra, insert with a straight edge (first characterizations) or with a bevel (second characterizations) following an angle following :

[Math 10]

which is equal to 21.8°. The insert has no coating, the optical axis is horizontal and the camera is centered, the mount of camera 7 is 25mm from the glazing.

Figure 13 thus shows, for the first characterizations, four curves C1, C'1, C2 and C'2 showing the light intensity I collected as a function of the angle FV, precisely angle FV1 relative to the horizontal optical axis X or the angle FV2 relative to the vertical axis Z respectively, with a sensor of a given image format, by simply modifying the shape and the edge of the isosurface insert,

- for curve C1 with the elliptical insert, I is a function of FV1

- for curve C1 ' the circular insert, I is a function of FV1

-for curve C2 with the elliptical insert, I is a function of FV2

-for curve C’2 with the circular insert, I is a function of FV2.

Figure 14 thus shows, for the second characterizations, four curves C3, C'1, C4 and C'2 showing the light intensity I collected as a function of the angle FV, precisely FV1 relative to the horizontal optical axis X or the angle FV2 relative to the vertical axis Z respectively, with a sensor of a given image format, by simply modifying the shape and the edge of the isosurface insert S,

- for curve C3 with the elliptical and beveled insert, I is a function of FV1

- for curve C’1 with the circular insert, I is a function of FV1

- for curve C4 with the elliptical and beveled insert, I is a function of FV2

- for curve C’2 with the circular insert, I is a function of FV2.

These curves illustrate the fact that with the insert having the RPV according to the invention and the beveling according to the invention independently improve vignetting. The combination of the two solutions is preferable from the point of view of vignetting (vertical and horizontal equivalent).

Claims

1. Device for vehicle comprising:

- a glazed element (100 to 900) comprising: o vehicle glazing having an external main face (11) intended to be oriented towards the outside and an internal main face (14) intended to be on the passenger compartment side, the glazing comprising a hole (4), through or blind, between the internal main face and the external main face, glazing extending along an axis Y1 and along a horizontal axis X1 normal to Y1 o in said hole, an insert (2) made of transparent material at an infrared wavelength LB included in a range from 0.8 to 20 pm, with a main exterior face (20) intended to be oriented towards the outside and a main interior face (21) intended to be on the passenger compartment side, the main interior face has an optical passage zone, having a height V1 along the axis Y1 and a width W1 along the axis X1,

- an infrared camera (7), intended to be arranged on the internal main face side (14), so as to receive infrared radiation at said LB after passing through said insert, infrared camera comprising an infrared sensor (71) at said LB having a ratio aspect Ra, we define a so-called vignetting aspect ratio RPV

[Math 11]

W1

RPV = -

VI cos yl y1 =90- a1 with a1 being the local angle between an optical axis Xc of the infrared camera and the axis Y1 in position on the vehicle

RPV being in a range going from 0.8 to 1.2 Ra.

2. Device for a vehicle according to the preceding claim characterized in that RPV is in a range ranging from 0.95 and 1.05 Ra.

3. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the aspect ratio Ra is greater than 1 and even greater than or equal to 1.25, preferably chosen from: 1.25, 4/3, 16/ 9 and 21/9, and in particular W1 and V1 are less than 50mm, the insert (2) is preferably elliptical.

4. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the infrared sensor (71) is matrix, in particular a matrix of micro-bolometers or semiconductor photodiodes, of at least 160 pixels by at least 120 pixels, of image format of height H2 and width W2, preferably H2 ranging from H2min equal to 1mm to H2max equal to 10mm and W2 of at least Ra*H2min and Ra*H2max.

5. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that y1 is in a range going from 30° to 70°, preferably Xc forms an angle with the horizontal of 0°±0.2*VFOV, of preferably 0°± 0.05*VFOV, VFOV being the vertical field of view of the infrared camera (7).

6. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the main interior face (21) of the insert is masked at the periphery, by an occultation element defining the contour of the optical passage zone, V1 is thus a fraction of the total height of the insert, called apparent height, and the width W1 is thus a fraction of the total width of the insert, called apparent width.

7. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the insert (2) has a beveled edge, following an angle p oriented positively between an axis which is the normal of the insert, pointing outwards of the glazing, and the beveled edge, angle p going from p _m in to p _m ax, with

[Math 12] min = asin sin(yl - 7F07/2)) and

[Math 13]

Pmax = asin ^sin(yl + VFOV/2)^

8. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the hole (4) is through, delimited laterally by a wall (15) of the glazing.

9. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the hole (4) is through and delimited laterally by a wall (15) of the glazing, the insert (2) is embedded in a support (5) comprising a side wall at least partially covering the wall (15) delimiting the hole.

10. Device for a vehicle according to the preceding claim characterized in that the main interior face of the insert (2) is projecting or flush with the support or in that when the main interior face (21) of the insert is set back from the support and that the support comprises a step (55) forming a peripheral element for concealing infrared rays, the step preferably comprises a flare in moving away from the interior main face, in particular flare defined by an angle of at least VFOV/2, VFOV being the vertical field of view of the infrared camera.

11. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the material of the insert (2) has an infrared optical transmission of at least 30% and better still of at least 40% and even better of at least 40%. less 60%, 65% or 70% to said LB and preferably the insert comprises on its main interior face an internal anti-reflective coating, at said LB, and/or on its main exterior face an external anti-reflection coating, at said LB.

12. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the infrared camera is with a vertical field of view VFOV ranging from HFOV min/Ra and HFOVmax/Ra and even a horizontal field of view HFOV ranging from 10° to 70°, infrared camera chosen in particular from: short infrared camera, medium infrared camera, and far infrared camera.

13. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the camera is a medium infrared camera or far infrared camera, the hole is through and the insert is preferably an element chosen from zinc sulphide, selenide zinc, silicon, germanium, BaF2, sapphire, CaF2, a chalcogenide glass and a crosslinked organosulfur hybrid polymer comprising linear sulfur chains crosslinked by organic comonomers.

14. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the glazing forms laminated glazing, in particular a windshield, in particular curved, the laminated glazing comprising a first sheet of glass (1) with a first face called face F1 which is the main external face (11) and a second opposite face and a second sheet of glass or plastic (1 ') with a fourth called face F4 which is the main internal face (14) and a third opposite main face called face F3, the first and second sheets being linked by a lamination interlayer (3), made of a polymer material, and in that the hole is through, the camera is medium infrared with LB of 3 to 5pm or far infrared with LB of 7 .5 to 20 pm, the insert is between face F1 and face F4 or in that the hole is partial, hole which passes through the thickness of the second sheet of glass, the insert is between face F3 and face F4 and the camera is short infrared with LB from 0.8 to 2.5pm or 1.7pm.

15. Device for a vehicle according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the glazing forms laminated glazing, in particular a windshield, in particular curved, the laminated glazing comprising a first sheet of glass (1) with a first face called face F1 which is the main external face (11) and a second opposite face and a second sheet of glass or plastic (1 ') with a fourth main face called face F4 which is the main internal face (14) and a third opposite main face called face F3, the first and second sheets being linked by a lamination interlayer (3), made of a polymer material, the hole is through, with a first hole (41) of the first sheet of glass, a second hole (42) of the second sheet of glass, second hole of width greater than the first hole, another insert (2') is in the second hole and is perforated to accommodate a part of the insert (2) which is between the face F1 and the face F4, said other insert being transparent at another wavelength LB1 of at most 2.5pm or 1.7pm, and LB is at least 2.5pm and the infrared camera is a camera mid or far infrared.

16. Glazed element (100 to 800) characterized in that it comprises:

- a vehicle glazing having an external main face (11) intended to be oriented towards the outside and an internal main face (14) intended to be on the passenger compartment side, the glazing comprising a hole (4), partial or through hole, glazing having a height along an axis Y1 and a width along a horizontal axis X1 normal to Yi

- in said hole, an insert (2) made of transparent material at an infrared wavelength LB included in a range from 0.8 to 20 pm, with an external main face (20) intended to be oriented towards the outside and a main interior face (21) intended to be on the passenger compartment side, the main interior face has an optical passage zone, having a height V1 along the axis Y1 and a width W1 along the horizontal axis X1 of the glazing, a ratio d is defined so-called RPV vignetting aspect

[Math 14]

W1

RPV = -

VI cos yl

RPV being in a range ranging from 0.8 and 1.2 Ra, preferably from 0.95Ra to 1.05Ra Ra being the aspect ratio of an infrared sensor (71) intended to be arranged on the internal main face side ( 14), so as to receive infrared radiation at said LB, y1 being in a range from 30° to 70°.

17. Road or rail vehicle, in particular autonomous or semi-autonomous, integrating said glazed element (100 to 800) according to claim 16 or integrating said device according to one of claims 1 to 15.