WO2023147614A1

WO2023147614A1 - Installation and securing system for panels or discs on an underlying surface

Info

Publication number: WO2023147614A1
Application number: PCT/AT2023/060025
Authority: WO
Inventors: Arnold Peter
Original assignee: Arnold Peter
Priority date: 2022-02-02
Filing date: 2023-02-01
Publication date: 2023-08-10

Abstract

The invention relates to an installation and securing system for panels or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) for securing said panels or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) on any underlying surface, in particular solar generators or façades, whereby holding points (4, 6) of panels or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) are threaded or hung onto a support mechanism, consisting of strands (7), either directly or via holding elements (2, 3, 8), and are transferred in the form of a jointless system in a stack (11), transported, unfolded using a lifting device (14) in order to form a flat complete unit (12) at the installation location, and secured to any underlying surface (16, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 48, 49) on securing elements on the underlying surface (16, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 48, 49) using anchoring elements (17).

Description

Assembly and fastening system for panels or discs on a base

The present invention relates to a flexible and cost-effective assembly and fastening system for plates or discs, for fastening these plates or discs to any substrate.

Plates or disks, regardless of their geometry, such as rectangular, round, triangular, hexagonal, trapezoidal or other geometric shapes, are used in many applications. For example on facades, where they mostly serve as exterior wall cladding. In a further application, plates or panes are also used in photovoltaic systems in the form of modules or panels and in solar thermal systems as collectors.

Facades are either single-leaf or multi-leaf. The wall construction, also known as the outer wall, usually consists of masonry, concrete, reinforced concrete, wood, clay, steel, glass, natural or artificial stone.

Single-shell facades can be designed as warm facades. A thermal insulation layer is applied directly to the wall construction. The thermal insulation layer is usually protected by external cladding such as plaster, panels or panes.

Multi-shell facades consist of several shells. The first shell usually consists of a wall construction that can have a directly attached insulation layer. A second shell, for example as outer wall cladding or the like, is attached parallel to the first shell at a distance from the first shell. A substructure made of support elements, usually consisting of profiles, is attached to the wall construction. The remaining area of the wall construction is usually filled with an insulating layer. The outer wall cladding, usually consisting of plates or panes, is attached to the supporting elements to protect against external influences. The space between shell one and shell two can be vented or non-vented. Shell two of the facade is also called a cold facade. Multi-layered facades with ventilated spaces are also called curtain ventilated facades or rear-ventilated facades. A large number of fastening systems are already known for fastening the outer shell (e.g. DE 200 03 056 Ul, DE 198 52 298 Al, DE 296 15 166 Ul, DE 20 2010 004 194 Ul, DE202020102247U1, DE102014003675B4, DE2020160053 62U1, EP2647779A1, EP2194209A2, EP1599647B1, EPI 160386B1). The different design proposals are mostly about optimizing the installation and reducing thermal bridges between the wall construction and the outer wall cladding. The disadvantage of the known systems is the long assembly time, since the panels or panes of the outer wall cladding have to be mounted individually on the supporting elements of the facade. In addition to profile solutions, systems are also known such as panels that can be attached to a body or suspended freely using a carrying system made of cables or rods.

EP2505935A1 describes a fastening system with which flat elements are mounted on a carrying system consisting of ropes or rods, stretched around a body using a rope construction and fastened using ground anchors. In this case, no additional fastening element is required which penetrates the outer skin of the body. Disadvantages of this system are the complex cable routing around the building in order to maintain the tension of the support system, the long assembly time of the individual flat elements on the support system, and the visual impairment caused by a body spanned by cables.

There are also non-patented cable mesh facades, where the load-bearing structure consists of a flat, single-layer tensioned cable mesh, to the nodes of which square or rectangular panes of glass are fastened at points without piercing the glass.

Photovoltaic systems convert the energy of light into electrical energy. This is done with several interconnected individual solar cells, which are referred to as modules (with a frame) or panels (without a frame). In addition, there are also printed photovoltaic cells that can be applied to various substrates. Modules, panels or printed photovoltaic cells, hereinafter referred to as "PV generators", are usually used on building roofs, on facades, on support systems in the open air or as a hanging roofing solution on specially erected support structures.

Solar thermal systems convert energy from light into thermal energy. This is done with solar thermal collectors that are filled with liquid media and connected to one another via pipelines. Solar thermal systems are used on building roofs, on facades or on support systems in the open air.

In the following, PV generators and solar thermal collectors are referred to as "solar generators".

In the field of photovoltaics, systems hanging on cables are known, which usually serve as a roofing solution. Cable systems are also known, with which the PV generators serving as a roof can track the position of the sun. Solar systems are known from WO 2010006460A2, in which PV generators are fastened pivotably to tensioned cables between two support brackets. Solar systems are known from W02006130892A1, where PV generators are attached to a supporting structure. The supporting structure mainly consists of cables that can track the PV generators in east-west movement and the horizontally aligned axis to the height of the sun. Disadvantages of these systems are the long assembly time of the supporting structure and the PV generators on site, since the PV Generators have to be mounted and wired individually on the supporting structure and the high costs in order to meet the static requirements for external loads from wind, snow, sand or ice. Furthermore, these systems are not suitable for use on the surfaces of bodies.

EP3514948A1 discloses a PV generator system mounted on a network of strands, which is stretched at a distance from a substructure and the PV generators can be mounted at an incline.

From US 2010/0065104 a retractable PV generator system is known, where PV generators are connected in pairs with a joint and can be retracted and extended with various devices such as a telescopic device or a rail system and a drive system. A PV generator system with joints, frames and holding elements is known from EP2669594A1, which also, as in US 2010/0065104, allows PV generators to be retracted into a rest position in adverse weather conditions (wind, snow, sand or ice). Disadvantages of these systems are the high costs due to the complex construction due to rail systems, holding elements, joints, control, drives, etc. Furthermore, the PV generator system from EP2669594A1 cannot be used for use on body surfaces.

Systems from the documents DE 3316789 A1 and JP 2005101103 A are also known from space technology, which show foldable solar sheets, but such systems cannot be transferred to wall constructions that are intended to be mountable on any type of substrate.

A mobile, foldable solar system is known from WO 2020/124198 A1. WO 2022/019659 A1 shows a collapsible solar system, which, however, cannot be mounted on just any substrate due to the rail system. Other collapsible solar systems designed with hinges are known from the documents WO 2016/049710 A1 and KR 20130137433 A, KR 20190042306 A, KR 102012027 B1 and JP 2018048455 A. A solar system that can be rolled up onto a house roof is known from DE 102014103782 A1.

Any subsoil can be an area in nature, such as meadows, fields, slopes, rock faces or similar, or various bodies, such as buildings, building roofs, building facades, scaffolding, avalanche protection devices, noise barriers, ship walls, rockfall nets, or similar, regardless of geometry , orientation or texture. Any substrate can consist of various organic and/or inorganic materials such as concrete, wood, metal, plastic, insulating material, glass, earth, grass, rock or the like. The nature and orientation of the subsurface can be flat, uneven, curved, vertical, horizontal, inclined or the like. The place of use is understood to be the subsurface where the panels or panes perform their intended task, such as protecting facades from external influences or converting solar energy into electrical or thermal energy in solar generators. The subsoil can assume a position that remains constant in space or a position that changes in space, such as in the case of means of transportation.

The invention is therefore based on the technical task of overcoming the disadvantages of the outlined prior art and of enabling a cost-saving and flexible assembly and fastening system for panels or panes, in particular for solar generators and facades, on a substrate that allows it , plates or discs on the fastening system at a suitable location, such as in a production facility, including all additional elements required for the site of use, to be folded together into a stack thanks to the flexible design, to be transported to the site of use as a finished unit, the stack with a lifting device to unfold at the place of use and to fasten the resulting flat overall unit, consisting of at least two unfolded and fully assembled plates or panes, at the intended place of use.

The object according to the invention is achieved in particular by the features of the independent patent claim. Further advantageous refinements are proposed according to the subclaims.

The invention relates to an assembly and fastening system for plates or panes, in particular for solar generators and facades, for fastening at least one, but a large number of plates or panes to a substrate. The invention allows the quick and inexpensive assembly of at least one or a large number of plates or panes on any surface, in a state pre-assembled on a fastening system, in the case of solar generators already including cabling and/or piping, using a foldable jointless fastening system.

Plates or panes are connected to holding elements consisting, for example, of frames, profiles, bent parts, cast parts, additively manufactured components, stamped parts, supports, screws, bolts, clamps or the like. The holding elements have at least one or more holding points, such as bores, hooks, eyebolts, components with bores, rods, bolts, eyelets, clamps, sheets or the like, where the plates or discs, including the holding elements, are attached to a supporting structure consisting of strands, such as For example, ropes, belts, wires, cables, chains, or the like are threaded or hung. If the panels or panes are installed with a supporting structure in a threaded state, the holding elements are secured via the holding points with a fixing element consisting of a form-fitting, material-fitting or force-fitting connection such as press, welded, soldered, glued or screwed connections, Clamps, hooks, stoppers, or similar, fixed to the structure. It should be noted that a breakpoint as Fixed bearing and the remaining breakpoints are made of floating bearings. The strand ends of the structure may have a fastener such as thimbles, turnbuckles, shackles, clamps, hooks, eyes, or the like. If the panels or panes are installed with a supporting structure in a suspended state, the holding elements are fixed to the supporting structure via the holding points with a fixing element consisting of a positive or non-positive connection such as screw connections, clamps, hooks, stoppers or similar.

With the fastening system, a large number of panels or panes can be connected in spatial direction X and spatial direction Y, regardless of their geometry, material and functionality. If several plates or discs are connected in spatial direction X, a row of plates or discs is created. Each row has at least two holding elements. The plates or discs in a row can be connected either via the supporting structure, via holding elements or with plate connection elements consisting of a positive, material or non-positive connection such as welding, soldering, adhesive, screw, bolt clamp connections, with profiles, bent parts , cast parts, additively manufactured components, stamped parts, carriers, or the like. Before assembly at the place of use, the fastening system, which is flexible in spatial direction Z, allows the plates or panes, including holding and additional elements, to be assembled in a compact, non-assembled state without the use of joints, such as hinges, universal joints, ball joints, fork joints, joint connectors or the like To arrange form, for example as a stack. This arrangement allows a cost reduction of the overall system due to a high degree of pre-assembly and easy transport. The compact form of the panels or discs can be lifted and unfolded at the installation site with a lifting device such as a crane or the like. During the unfolding, individual rows of plates or discs can be connected with one or more row connecting elements, form-fitting, material-to-material or force-fitting, such as welded, soldered, adhesive, riveted, screwed connections, clamps, hooks, brackets, clamps, rails, carriers, Sheets or the like are connected. When unfolded, the sum of panels or panes results in a complete, flat overall unit, which can be used, for example, to protect existing substrates as a finished cold façade, with or without rear ventilation, as a finished rear-ventilated curtain wall, for the use of solar energy, or for other applications.

The finished flat overall unit, consisting of plates or panes including holding, fixing, supporting structure relief and additional elements, supporting structure and row and plate connecting elements, can be attached to fastening elements on the substrate, such as anchors, brackets, hooks, eyes, shackles, carabiners, joints , ring nuts, screws, threaded rods, rails, profiles, supports, metal sheets or similar. Alternatively, depending on the place of use, the supporting structure can also only be used for assembly purposes and the finished flat overall unit can be fixed to the substrate with the fastening elements via the holding elements and/or with the row connecting elements. With this type of assembly, the supporting structure can be removed again after assembly. The fastening elements on the subsurface are designed differently depending on the geometry and the static requirements of the subsurface. The fastening elements can, for example, be connected directly to a substrate with positive, material or non-positive connections such as anchors, screws, bolts, threaded rods, rivets, adhesive or welded connections or the like, or by additional holding elements such as brackets, hooks, carabiners, shackles , girders, profiles, trusses, rails, metal sheets, additional constructions or the like must be attached to the subsurface. The fastening elements can, for example, also be attached to a structure in front of a substrate or to other parts of the building, such as beams, profiles, trusses, rails, sheet metal, additional structures, or roof elements such as rafters, wall benches, purlins or the like, with positive, material or non-positive connections such as For example, anchors, screws, bolts, threaded rods, rivets, glued or welded joints, directly or by additional holding elements such as consoles, hooks, carabiners, shackles, joints, beams, profiles, trusses, rails, metal sheets, additional structures or the like.

If it is not possible to attach the flat overall unit to the subsurface where it is to be used, after the strands have been deflected, the fasteners can be attached to another subsurface, such as a building roof, another building or the like, with form-fitting, material-to-material or force-fitting connections such as anchors, screws, Bolts, threaded rods, rivets, glued or welded joints, directly or by additional holding elements such as brackets, hooks, beams, profiles, trusses, rails, metal sheets, additional structures or similar to the substructure.

The fastening system can already contain additional elements, depending on the requirements of the subsurface. Examples of additional elements are, but are not limited to, spacers with which a desired distance between panels or panes and the substrate can be produced; top, side and bottom finishes to close any gaps and to cover the strands and ventilation options, consisting for example of metal, wood or plastic elements; Ends of possible recesses in the flat overall unit for various openings on the ground, such as windows, skylights, pipelines or the like; Fire and lightning protection elements; anti-glare elements; mounting options; Structural relief elements, such as anchoring elements, to meet the static requirements caused by external influences such as wind, snow, sand, ice, rockfall or vibrations, as well as other additional elements to meet all of them prescribed legal and structural requirements. Additional elements can also be added later, for example during the unfolding of the stack or after the installation of the flat overall unit on the ground.

Depending on the static requirements at the place of use, additional fastening elements may be required to withstand the stress of external influences such as wind, snow, sand, ice, stone chips or vibrations. If the entire flat unit is attached to the substructure via a supporting structure, the tensile load due to external influences in the supporting structure should be kept as low as possible. In the best case, the supporting structure only absorbs the weight of the panels or panes, including all holding, fastening, fixing and additional elements. Structural relief elements absorb forces from external influences and transfer them to the subsoil. The structural relief elements can be positive or non-positive connections, such as anchors, screws, threaded rods, rivets, adhesive or welded connections, directly or through additional elements such as anchoring elements, spacers, spacers, clamps, hooks, pipes, rods, or the like.

The finished flat overall unit, consisting of at least two unfolded plates or panes, can be designed as desired. Different types of plates or discs can be combined with one another, regardless of their geometry, functionality or material properties. Recesses can be left free in order to take into account local conditions on an existing subsurface, such as windows, light shafts, supply and exhaust air shafts, other various process engineering components such as pipes, cooling systems, etc. or severe unevenness due to rock or similar.

Thanks to the assembly and fastening system for panels or panes, flat overall units can be produced in any size without size limitations. In the case of pre-assembly in a production facility and the transport to the site of use that is required as a result, the size can be limited by the choice of the means of transport, such as a truck, container, wagon, airplane or the like. In the case of large subsurfaces, it may be necessary to cover several complete units due to the size limitations of the means of transport. The fastening system is designed in such a way that several flat overall units can be connected via the strands of the supporting structure in spatial directions X and spatial direction Y with connection elements consisting of form-fitting, material-fitting or force-fitting connections, such as anchors, screws, bolts, hooks, eyes, clamps, carabiners, shackles , rivets, adhesive or welded joints, or the like can be connected. Additional elements of the fastening system such as electrical lines, pipes, side, top and bottom terminations, lightning conductors or the like can also be connected. The mounting and fastening system for plates or discs is designed in such a way that individual plates or discs can be replaced, for example if they are defective.

The invention will now be explained further with reference to various exemplary embodiments and possible uses, which are shown schematically in the drawings. The drawings are not shown to correct scale.

1A schematically shows two plates or discs that are raised in such a way that they form a flat overall unit.

Figure 1B shows the plates or disks of Figure 1A in a collapsed condition forming a rod.

1A and 1B during a lifting operation in which the plates or disks are brought from the stack shown in FIG. 1B into the overall planar unit of FIG. 1A.

2A schematically shows a row with two plates or discs, which are enclosed with a frame including holding points and threaded onto strands.

2B schematically shows a row with two plates or disks, which are fastened with clamps on profile rails and threaded onto strands with holding points mounted on the profile rails.

2C shows schematically a row with two plates or discs, which themselves have breakpoints and are threaded onto strands.

2D schematically shows a series of three example geometries of plates or disks threaded in combination onto strands.

2E shows schematically that any number of rows in spatial direction Y, consisting of any number of plates or discs in spatial direction X, can be threaded onto a large number of strands.

2F schematically shows any number of rows in the spatial direction Y, consisting of any number of plates or panes in the spatial direction X, which are connected with plate connecting elements which are unfolded via two suspended strands and the individual rows are connected with row connecting elements.

Fig. 3A shows a schematic of a cross-section of stacked plates or discs, each with two holding points for assembly with the structure. Fig. 3B schematically shows a cross-section of stacked plates or disks, each with a holding point for assembly with the structure.

3C schematically shows an elevation of a large number of plates or disks connected in the spatial direction X in the stacked state for assembly with the supporting structure.

3D shows a schematic elevation of a large number of plates or disks connected in the spatial direction X in the stacked state for assembly without a supporting structure.

4A schematically shows a cross-section of plates or discs, each with two holding points, which are transferred from the stacked state into a flat overall unit using a lifting device.

4B schematically shows a cross-section of plates or discs, each with a holding point, which are transferred from the stacked state into an overlapping, two-dimensional overall unit using a lifting device.

4C shows a schematic elevation of plates or disks threaded onto strands, each with two holding points, which are transferred from the stacked state into a flat overall unit using a lifting device.

Fig. 4D shows a schematic elevation of panels or disks suspended on two strands, each with two holding points, which are transferred from the stacked state to a flat overall unit using a lifting device, with the individual rows of panels or disks being connected to row connecting elements during the lifting process .

5A schematically shows a cross-section of a flat overall unit that is fastened to the ground with anchoring elements between the plates or panes on the ground and at the top and bottom to fastening elements on the ground with the strand ends of the supporting structure without any distance to the ground.

Fig. 5B shows a schematic of a cross-section of a flat overall unit, with spacers on a vertical, flat base, with an upper and lower end connected to anchoring elements between the plates or panes on the base and at the top, with the help of a strand deflection system, to fastening elements on another horizontal level ground and below to fasteners on the vertical level ground at each end of the strand of the structure.

Fig. 5C shows schematically a cross-sectional view of a planar assembly consisting of rows of plates or disks connected with row connecting elements, with spacers on a vertical flat base, which is fastened to the base with anchoring elements between the plates or disks without supporting structure. 5D schematically shows a section of a cross tear from a flat overall unit, which is fastened to a curved base without any distance to the base, with anchoring elements between the plates or panes.

5E schematically shows a cross-section of a flat overall unit that is mounted on an uneven base, the individual plates or discs are supported with spacers and connected to the base by anchoring elements. The strands of the flat overall unit are connected at the top and bottom with fastening elements which are mounted on the substructure.

5F schematically shows a cross-section of a flat overall unit in a free-hanging design, which is attached to the strands between two columns.

Figure 6A shows a 3D view of a sheet-like assembly with side termination attached top and bottom to body surface fasteners and by anchoring elements to the body surface.

6B shows a 3D view of a flat overall unit with a side closure, which is attached at the top to an attached additional structure, at the bottom to fastening elements on the floor and by anchoring elements to a body surface.

6C shows a 3D view of a flat overall unit with a lateral closure, which is fastened to a body surface with anchoring elements without a supporting structure.

Fig. 6D shows a 3D view of a building where a flat overall unit with lateral terminations is attached at the top to an additional structure placed on a gable roof and at the bottom to fastening elements on the floor, as well as a second flat overall unit with lateral termination, recesses for windows including terminations above, below and laterally, which is attached to the top of roof elements and below to fasteners on the body surface and a third flat overall unit that is fastened directly to the gable roof.

FIG. 7 shows a detailed view of a flat overall unit with a recess for an opening in the ground and with a horizontal fire barrier. The recess is designed with terminations at the top, bottom and sides.

8 schematically shows a section of an elevation of two flat overall units which were connected at the strand ends with connecting elements and are fastened with anchoring elements to the ground.

In the following section, reference is made to the drawings wherein, by way of illustration only, specific embodiments are shown to show how the Invention can be performed. Directional terms such as "top", "bottom", "side", "front", "back" etc. refer to the orientation of the described components on the drawing. Because the components of embodiments of the present invention can be positioned in a variety of different orientations, these terms are used for purposes of illustration only and are in no way limiting.

1A shows an assembly and fastening system with two plates or discs 1 which are connected by means of two strands 7. FIG. The plates or panes 1 can be solar generators or facades, for example. Since the plates or discs 1 are connected only by strands 7 and in particular are not connected to one another at their edges by hinges or other line-like elements, this system can be manufactured and set up particularly quickly. In particular, the plates or disks 1 may first be stacked in a horizontal condition, as shown in Figure 1B, and then lifted (Figure IC) by pulling on the strand ends 13 of the strands 7 until they are in a vertical condition, for example (Fig. 1A), in which they are referred to as a flat unit 12 overall. In the planar whole 12 there are thus at least two plates or discs 1 in the longitudinal direction of the strands 7, with the plates or discs 1 arranged in the longitudinal direction of the strands 7 also being able to overlap (FIG. 4B).

In the specific embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A to 1C, each of the plates or discs 1 comprises four holding points 4, 6, with two first holding points 4 being designed as fixed bearings and two second holding points 6 being designed as floating bearings. In order to fix the strands 7 to the plates or discs 1, fixing elements 5 are used, which can be fixed to the holding points 4 designed as fixed bearings. The fixing elements 5 thus fix the strand 7 to the plate or pane 1, so that tensile forces can be transmitted from the strand 7 to the plate or pane 1 at this point. The breakpoints 6 designed as loose bearings, which can be designed as simple bushings, for example, differ from the fixed bearings 4 in that they do not absorb any tensile forces. In other embodiments, the holding points 6 designed as loose bearings can also be omitted.

It can further be seen from Figure 1A that one of the strands 7 runs along one side of the plate or disc 1 and the other strand 7 along the other side of the plate or disc 1. The strands 7 could either run alongside the plate or disc 1, as shown, or behind the plate or disc 1, so that in the view shown in Figure 1A they could lie within the outer sides of the plate or disc 1, whereby plates or discs can also be arranged immediately next to one another in a row. In other embodiments (see eg FIG. 2F) the strand 7 could be on only one side of the panel or disc 1 and another panel or disc 1 can be connected to the other side by means of panel connecting elements 51 . In this way can be a number of plates or disks 1, strands 7 being present at at least two breakpoints of a row of plates or disks 1, respectively.

It should also be noted that the strands 7 can be provided either permanently or temporarily, i.e. the strands 7 are present at least for the lifting process from the stack 11 into the planar entity 12. After that, when the flat whole 12 has been attached to the subsurface, the strands 7 can optionally also be removed again.

In FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D, three embodiments of at least two plates or disks 1, 9, 10 on strands 7 in series are shown as examples.

The plates or panes 1 are surrounded by a frame 2 in FIG. 2A. Breakpoints 4 , 6 are attached to the frame 2 , which are designed as fixed bearings 4 and as floating bearings 6 . On the fixed bearing side, the plates or discs 1 are fixed to the strand 7 with a fixing element 5 .

In FIG. 2B, the plates or discs 1 are fixed to profile rails 3 on the rear of the plates or discs 1 with holding elements 8, such as clamps and/or screw connections on the front of the plates or discs 1. The holding elements 8 are not visible in FIG. 2B since they are attached to the front of the plates or disks 1. Breakpoints are attached to the profile rails 3 as fixed bearings 4 and floating bearings 6. On the fixed bearing side, the plates or discs 1 are fixed to the strand 7 with a fixing element 5 .

In Fig. 2C, the plates or discs 1 themselves have attachment points 4, 6, or these attachment points have been attached directly to the plates or discs 1, such as ring nuts, weldments, components with holes or the like. The plates or discs 1 with the holding points 4, 6 are fixed to the strand 7 with a fixing element 5.

In Fig. 2D different geometries of plates or discs 1, 9, 10, which are threaded onto strands 7 in combination, are shown. Plates or discs 1, 9, 10 consisting of different materials and/or different functionalities can also be combined.

2E shows a flat overall unit 12 which can have any number of plates or disks 1 on any number of strands 7 in the spatial direction X and in the spatial direction Y.

2F shows a flat overall unit 12 consisting of several rows of plates or discs 1, which can be connected with row connecting elements 50 and can be unfolded and lifted with only two suspended strands 7 as an assembly aid. In In this embodiment, all plates and discs 1 in a row are connected without strands by means of plate connecting elements 51 . The plate connecting elements 51 can be, for example, screws, bolts, rivets, dowels or the like, which are inserted into holes or eyelets in the plates or discs 1 and optionally also connected by force-fitting or material-to-material connections, such as nuts, cotter pins, adhesive or welded connections . However, the plate connecting elements 51 could also be clamps, connecting plates, hooks, wires, clamps or the like in order to connect the plates or discs 1 in a row. The plate connecting elements 51 thus create a non-positive, positive or material connection of the plates or panes 1 and thereby form a row consisting of connected plates or panes 1. The row connecting elements 50 mentioned serve to stiffen the already produced flat whole 12. The row connecting elements 50 can be, for example, plates, strips, sheets, profiles, rails, carriers or the like, preferably made of metal, plastic or wood, which connect two rows consisting of at least two plates or discs 1 in each case. The row connecting elements 50 can, for example, be screwed or clamped to the plates or discs 1 or the holding elements. If a strip or rail-shaped row connecting element 50 is used, this can also be mounted over the entire length of the flat whole 12 in spatial direction X and could thus connect twelve panels and panes 1 in the case of FIG. 2F, for example.

Regardless of the embodiment, shown in particular in Figs. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E and 2F, the plates or discs 1 can be attached via the holding points 4, 6 to the strands 7 threaded or hooked and converted into a compact stack form 11 as shown in Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D. In FIG. 3A, the plates or disks 1 are threaded onto a strand 7 via two holding points 4, 6 per plate or disk 1 and fixed with a fixing element 5. FIG. In FIG. 3B the plates or discs 1 are threaded onto a strand 7 via a holding point 4 per plate or disc 1 and fastened with a fixing element 5 . The strand 7 has a fastening element at the strand end 13 at both ends. The stacks 11 can have any number of plates or disks 1 and can be stacked as desired, regardless of the number of holding points 4, 6 of the plates or disks 1. In Fig. 3C, the outline shows that any number of panels or panes 1 can be connected in rows in the spatial direction X via a number of strands 7 to form a long stack 11 per stack layer. 3D shows a stack 11 consisting of several rows of plates or panes 1. Within a row, ie in spatial direction X, the plates or panes 1 are each connected to the plate connecting elements 51 mentioned. In the example shown, the rows of plates or discs 1 have holding points 4 , 6 on the outside, ie at opposite ends of the row in spatial direction X, and are suspended on two strands 7 with fixing elements 5 . To unfold the stack 11, at least two breakpoints are provided per row, for example, which can also be fastened behind the plates or panes 1. The stack 11, consisting of plates or discs 1, as shown in Figs. 4A, Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C and Fig. 4D, lifted with a lifting device 14 and in a finished flat overall unit 12, consisting of plates or Disks 1, are transferred. Regardless of the embodiment, in Fig. 4A with two holding points 4, 6 and Fig. 4B with one holding point 4, the horizontal gap 15 between two plates or disks 1 can be adjusted from zero millimeters to any distance with the fixing element 5 . Furthermore, the distances can be selected in such a way that flat overall units 12 with overlapping plates or discs 1, as shown in FIG. 4B, are produced.

The flat overall units 12 can be lifted directly to the place of use with a lifting device 14 and fastened to the ground. In FIG. 5A, the flat overall unit 12, with the fastening elements on the strand ends 13, is fastened to the floor 19 via fastening elements 18 at the top, which were attached to the level surface 16, and below, via strand tensioning devices 21 and fastening elements 20. The strands 7 absorb the entire self-weight of the overall flat unit 12 . At the top, bottom and between the plates or panes 1, the flat overall unit 12 is connected to the base 16 via anchoring elements 17 to relieve the load on the supporting structure. The anchoring elements 17 have the task of absorbing additional forces that occur, with the exception of the dead weight of the flat overall unit 12, and introducing them into the subsoil. So that the strands 7 and the fastening elements 18, 20 do not remain visible, the flat overall unit has an upper end 23 and a lower end 24. The flat overall unit 12 can also be positioned at a defined distance from a level base 16, as shown in Fig. 5B , which can be used for rear ventilation, for example, can be attached with spacers 25. So that the distance between the base 16 and the flat overall unit 12 does not remain visible, an upper termination 23 and a lower termination 24 were provided in FIG. 5B. If the base 16 cannot absorb the dead weight of the flat overall unit 12 for static reasons, the strands 7 can be deflected via a strand deflection 26 onto another base 22, which can absorb the dead weight of the flat overall unit 12, and via fastening elements 27 on the bottom 22 , with the fasteners at the strand end 13 above, are attached. The strand deflection 26 has a protective cover 28 against external influences and as a privacy screen. The attachment below can be done via the fasteners at the strand end 13, with fasteners 18 on the substrate 16 and a strand tensioning device 21. 5C shows a flat overall unit 12 which is fastened to the substrate 16 without strands 7, with spacers 25 and anchoring elements 17. FIG. With this type of attachment, the base 16 must be able to absorb all the forces that occur. Additionally, row connectors 50 are shown for connecting the rows of panels or discs. Fig. 5D shows a fixed flat unit 12 on a curved base 29 in combination with a flat base 16 Embodiment with spacer 25, as in Fig. 5B, is also possible. In FIG. 5E a flat overall unit 12 is attached to an uneven base 30 . The distances between the flat overall unit 12 and the uneven ground 30 are set using spacers 25 . The flat overall unit 12 is connected to the uneven ground 30 with anchoring elements 17 . The spacers 25 and the anchoring elements 17 serve as supporting structure relief elements. In addition, the flat overall unit 12 is connected to the fastening elements at the end 13 of the strand at the top and bottom by means of fastening elements 20 which are fastened to the uneven ground 30 and a strand tensioning device 21 . The overall planar unit 12 can also be embodied in a free-floating design, as shown in FIG. 5F. In this example, the flat overall unit 12 is suspended on columns (which form a base 31 ) with the fastening elements at the end 13 of the strand.

Plates or discs 1 on various structures (which form a substructure 33) are examples of use, as shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D. The embodiment has been chosen in these figures as an example as in Fig. 2B, where plates or discs 1 are fastened with clamps 8 to profile rails 3, which are not visible in Fig. 6A, Fig. 6B, Fig. 6C and Fig. 6D . All of the embodiments, in particular those shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D and 2F, can be attached to the structures shown in the same way. In addition, the flat overall unit 12 has a lateral termination 32 so that the distance between the structure and the flat overall unit 12 is not visible. The gap dimensions 15 between the plates or panes 1 were shown as horizontally and vertically symmetrical in these exemplary embodiments, but can be set as desired in all of the exemplary embodiments. In FIG. 6A, the flat overall unit 12 is fastened to a wall of the structure at the top and bottom using fastening elements 18, which are connected to the fastening elements on the strand ends 13 and strand clamping devices 21. If the wall of the building is not statically suitable for absorbing the forces that occur, as shown in Fig. 6B, an additional construction 35 on the roof of the building, such as a cantilevered truss girder or the like, can be used to support the flat overall unit 12 on fastening elements 42 of the additional construction 35 or directly to the additional construction 35, with the fasteners on the strand ends 13 are attached. Below, the attachment to fasteners 20 on the floor 19 can be done. 6C shows the attachment of the flat overall unit 12 to the building, with the anchoring elements 17. No strands 7 are provided in this embodiment. In Fig. 6D the application of plates or discs 1 to a building with a gabled roof (which forms a substructure 34) is shown. At the front of the building, the flat overall unit 12 is connected to the roof of the building by means of an additional structure 36 placed thereon. Adapted plates or panes 37 ensure that a homogeneous appearance is created optically and that the flat overall unit 12 encloses the entire building surface to protect the underlying materials. Other geometries of plates or disks 38 can also be integrated into the flat overall unit become. The building side wall has openings 40, such as windows. The flat overall unit 12 is already provided with corresponding cutouts 39 and with terminations, above 23, below 24 and laterally 32, before assembly. The flat overall unit 12 can be fastened at the top to fastening elements 42 on roof elements 41 . Flat overall units 12 can also be fastened to a roof surface (which forms a base 48).

Fig. 7 shows a detailed view of a flat overall unit 12, which is designed with additional elements to meet fire protection regulations. The substrate 16 including thermal insulation 43 has an opening 40. The panels or panes 1 are already fitted with a fire barrier made of insulating material 45, which is used in a holding device 44 for the fire barrier made of insulating material 45, and with a fire barrier 46 made of metal or other fireproof material Materials carried out and attached to the anchoring elements 17 on the ground 16. The recess 39 in the overall flat unit 12 has a lateral 32 and a lower termination 24.

In the case of very large substrates 49, which are covered with panels or panes 1, several flat overall units 12 are connected. 8 shows a detailed view where a flat overall unit 12 is connected with a connecting element 47, with the fastening element at the strand end 13 at the bottom, with the fastening element at the strand end 13 at the top of the second flat overall unit 12. The flat overall units 12 are connected to the base 49 with an anchoring element 17 and the distance between the base 49 and the flat overall unit 12 is established with spacers 25 .

Claims

patent claims

1. Mounting and fastening system for plates or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38), in particular for solar generators and facades, for fastening the plates or discs (1,

9, 10, 38) on any substrate (16, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 48, 49), characterized in that the assembly and fastening system has at least two plates or discs (1, 9, 10, 37 , 38), wherein the plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) have holding points (4 and/or 6) which are either part of the plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) are attached directly or via holding elements (2, 3, 8) to the plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38), the plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) being on strands (7) are threaded on and fixed to the strands (7) with fixing elements (5), and the plates or discs (1, 9,

10, 37, 38) can be folded into a stack (11) and converted into a flat overall unit (12) by means of a lifting device (13).

2. Assembly and fastening system according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of plates or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) are connected in rows to form a long stack (11) per stack layer.

3. Assembly and fastening system according to claim 2, wherein the plates or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) are connected in a row via several strands (7) to form a long stack (11).

4. Assembly and fastening system according to claim 2, wherein the plates or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) are connected in a row without strands via plate connecting elements (51) to form a long stack (11) and have at least two holding elements ( 2,3,8), the strands (7) preferably only being connected at opposite ends of the row to the plates or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) located there.

5. Assembly and fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) comprises at least one of the following additional elements: an anchoring element (17), an upper, lower or lateral closure (23, 24, 32), a spacer (25), a holding device (44), an insulating material (45), a fire barrier (46), in the case of solar generators, cabling and/or piping.

6. Assembly and fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the horizontal and vertical gap (15) between the plates or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) preferably by the fixing elements (5) and / or row connecting elements (50) is adjustable and the plates or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) can preferably also be designed to overlap in the vertical direction of the flat whole (12).

7. Assembly and fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a spacer (25), wherein the distance between the substrate (16, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 48, 49) and the flat Overall unit (12) with a spacer (25) is adjustable.

8. Assembly and fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the flat overall unit (12) can be positioned on the substrate (16, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 48, 49) and can be secured with fastening elements (18, 20 , 27, 42) can be fastened to the strand ends (13) on the base (16, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 48, 49).

9. Assembly and fastening system according to claim 8, wherein the fasteners (18, 20, 27, 42) on the substrate (16, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 48, 49) and the strands (7) of flat overall unit (12), consisting of the plates or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38), only absorb the dead weight of the flat overall unit (12) and additionally occurring forces are introduced into the subsoil via support structure relief elements (17, 25). .

10. Assembly and fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising at least one further flat overall unit (12), wherein the flat wholes (12) are connected with connecting elements (47).

11. Assembly and fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein by omitting individual plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) recesses in the flat overall unit (12) can be made.

12. Assembly and fastening system according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein individual plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) of the flat overall unit (12) can be dismantled at the place of use.

13. A method for assembling and fastening plates or discs (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) according to the system according to claims 1 to 12 on any substrates (16, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 48 , 49), comprising the steps of: a. Threading the plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) including holding points (4 and/or 6) which are either part of the plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) directly or via holding elements (2, 3, 8) attached to the plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38), on strands (7), b. Fixing the plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) on strands (7) with fixing elements (5), c. Folding the plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) connected to strands (7) into a stack (11), i.e. transporting the finished stack (11) to the place of use, and e. Unfolding the finished stack (11) with a lifting device (14) to form a flat overall unit (12),

14. The method according to claim 13, comprising at least one of the following steps, carried out before, after or during one of steps a) to e): g. Conveying the flat overall unit (12) with the lifting device (14) to the ground, h. Fastening the flat overall unit (12) to the base (16, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 48, 49) with fastening elements (18, 20, 27, 42), i. Adjusting the distance between the base (16, 22, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 48, 49) and the flat overall unit (12) with spacers (25), j. Anchoring the flat overall unit (12) to the subsurface (16, 22, 29, 30, 33, 34, 49) with anchoring elements (17), k. Removing the strands (7) and the fixing elements (5), l. Attaching at least one of the following additional elements: an anchoring element (17), an upper, lower or side closure (23, 24, 32), a spacer (25), a holding device (44), an insulating material (45), a fire barrier (46 ), cabling and piping for solar generators, m. replacing individual panels or panes (1, 9, 10, 37, 38), for the flat overall unit mounted on the subsurface (12) in the event of defects, n. stiffening the flat overall unit (12) by connecting at least two plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) with at least one row connecting element (50), and/or o. connecting at least two plates or disks (1, 9, 10, 37, 38) in a row, preferably without strands, by means of plate connecting elements (51) and/or holding elements.