WO2022104252A1 - An improved system for direct air capture of carbon dioxide without movement - Google Patents

An improved system for direct air capture of carbon dioxide without movement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022104252A1
WO2022104252A1 PCT/US2021/059498 US2021059498W WO2022104252A1 WO 2022104252 A1 WO2022104252 A1 WO 2022104252A1 US 2021059498 W US2021059498 W US 2021059498W WO 2022104252 A1 WO2022104252 A1 WO 2022104252A1
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Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
gas
chamber
sorbent
open
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PCT/US2021/059498
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French (fr)
Inventor
Graciela Chichilnisky
Fred MOESLER
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Global Thermostat Operations, LLC
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Publication of WO2022104252A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022104252A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0454—Controlling adsorption
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
    • B01D53/82—Solid phase processes with stationary reactants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/20—Organic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/202—Polymeric adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/06—Polluted air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/402—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using two beds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2

Definitions

  • FIG. 1 Another approach created utilized a “batch” process, as opposed to a continuous process.
  • Monoliths carrying a sorbent, such as an amine are moved such that they are exposed to moving air (in the form of a laminar flow), and where the sorbent captures the CO2 as it passes it.
  • the CO2-carrying monoliths are then exposed to a regeneration chamber which is substantially closed under vacuum, where heat in the form of water vapor is applied to the monolith such that it releases the CO2 initially adsorbed in a desorption phase.
  • a stream of ninety eight percent (98%) pure raw CO2 is generated.
  • a “batch” process utilizes regeneration boxes that move in a way that they “service” a plurality of sorbent-carrying monoliths, such that the regeneration boxes regenerate the sorbent.
  • a difficulty with these two processes resides in their different operating speeds. This is because it is faster to regenerate than to adsorb, since one is adsorbing CO2 from air that is very diluted, approximately 400 parts per million, thus making the step of adsorption relatively slow.
  • DAC systems as described and claimed in patents naming Drs. Peter Eisenberger and Graciela Chichilnisky as inventors are improved upon by the present invention by enabling the capture and regeneration apparatus to remain substantially stationary.
  • the present invention contemplates a system that is capable of the capture of carbon dioxide from any number of sources, that is stationary, without movement, of what otherwise in the prior art has required moving capture and/or regeneration apparatus.
  • Said sources may include, without limitation, ambient air, flue gases from sources such as fossil fuel combustion, and combinations of carbon dioxide-containing gases which may or may not include ambient air.
  • This patent application which supplements a prior patent application directed to the same subject, comprises an improved system for the direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide, WHERE MOVEMENT IS ELIMINATED. More specifically, as can be seen in the accompanying drawings and their descriptions below, a novel use of valves and valving accomplishes the desired goals of the system according to the present invention.
  • the pending patent application entitled “Novel Composition of Matter & Carbon Dioxide Capture Systems,” and its contents, are hereby incorporated by reference, as if fully set forth herein, in order to provide an optional, but unnecessary, composition of matter approach.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a no movement direct air capture system that will capture CO2 from the air or gases and will produce a >95% purity CO2 product.
  • the system of the present invention will result in anticipated decreased costs of DAC, and will not require the movement of capture and/or regeneration apparatus of the type known to the art.
  • the present invention further demonstrates an expected DAC process designed to reduce anticipated costs of captured CO2 from the air and gases containing carbon dioxide, as well as the energy burden associated with the capture process.
  • This inventive newer-generation process comprises a system and process that will operate at steady state, reducing the relative complexity required for physically starting and stopping a movement system. It is anticipated that the present invention provides enhanced reliability.
  • the present invention contemplates a novel process that uses a novel arrangement of valves to facilitate the capture of carbon dioxide and thereafter the regeneration of the amine or other material that was used in the capture process.
  • process in this context is meant to include or be synonymous with the term “method.”
  • valves essentially expose the sorbent-carrying monoliths first to air and thereafter to water vapor, without moving them. The remainder of the direct air capture process is the same as previously developed.
  • Fig. l is a schematic representation of the overall design of the system according to this invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the inventive system illustrating an active phase wherein adsorption of carbon dioxide occurs;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of the inventive system illustrating an active phase wherein desorption occurs
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the inventive system illustrating the employment of multiple units used for adsorption of carbon dioxide
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the inventive system illustrating the employment of a multiple-unit system wherein one unit is used for adsorption and the remaining units are used for desorption;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the inventive system, illustrating a multiple-unit system wherein one unit is utilized for adsorption in an active phase, and another unit is utilized for desorption.
  • a stream of either ambient air or gases including ambient air enters fresh air inlet (1) on its way toward a carbon dioxide adsorption unit.
  • a stream of steam represented by reference character (2) is utilized to desorb the carbon dioxide “captured” in the adsorption unit, thereby releasing carbon dioxide.
  • An adsorption unit (3) contains a solid adsorbent that is chosen for its specific affinity for carbon dioxide.
  • a stream of desorbed carbon dioxide (4) is illustrated, which has been desorbed and released from the adsorption unit after being treated with steam (2).
  • Stream (4) will contain residual air and steam, and proceeds to carbon dioxide recovery.
  • Stream (5) represents the spent air that has been discharged. This spent air constitutes air that has passed through the adsorption unit and is now reduced in carbon dioxide concentration.
  • a stream of inlet air (1) is fed into an adsorption unit (3), wherein carbon dioxide is adsorbed onto the surface of the sorbent utilized.
  • the air, thereafter with a reduced carbon dioxide concentration exits the adsorption unit through valving (5).
  • a stream of steam (2) is added to the adsorption unit (3).
  • the energy of this steam causes adsorbed carbon dioxide to be released, and this released carbon dioxide, together with any residual air and any residual steam, leave the system (4) toward carbon dioxide recovery.
  • FIG. 4 which illustrates a multiple unit system comprising multiple units in an active adsorption phase
  • Inlet air (1) and (6) is fed into the adsorption units (3) and (8) where carbon dioxide is absorbed on to the surface of the sorbent used.
  • the air now with a reduced carbon dioxide concentration, exits the adsorption units (5) and (10).
  • FIG. 5 which illustrates a multiple-unit system with one unit in active adsorption phase (8), while the other unit is desorbing (3).
  • Inlet air (6) is fed into the adsorption unit (8), where carbon dioxide is absorbed onto the surface of the sorbent used.
  • the air now with a reduced carbon dioxide concentration, exits the adsorption unit(10).
  • Steam (2) is added to the adsorption unit (3), where the energy of the steam causes absorbed carbon dioxide to be released.
  • the released carbon dioxide together with any residual air, any residual steam, leave the system (4) on its path toward carbon dioxide recovery.
  • Fig. 6 which illustrates a multiple unit system with one unit in active adsorption phase (3), while the other unit is desorbing (8), a stream of inlet air (1) is fed into an adsorption unit (3), where carbon dioxide is absorbed onto the surface of a sorbent used. The air, now with a reduced carbon dioxide concentration, exits the adsorption unit(5). Steam (7) is added to the adsorption unit (8), where the energy of the steam causes absorbed carbon dioxide to be released. This released carbon dioxide, together with any residual air and any residual steam leave the system (9) to carbon dioxide recovery.

Abstract

A no-movement system capable of directly capturing carbon dioxide from gas mixtures selected from ambient air and other gas mixtures containing carbon dioxide, the system comprising: a stationary chamber; a porous monolith supported within the chamber and being formed with channels extending therethrough, said monolith supporting a sorbent for reversibly sorbing carbon dioxide from a flow of such gas mixtures; an inlet gas flow conduit, open, at one end to the chamber containing the contact structure and at a second end to a source of the gas flow mixtures containing co2; a first outlet gas flow conduit; a second outlet gas flow conduit; an inlet flow conduit for steam; at least one valve with each flow conduit for controlling the time of flow through each such conduit; and an automated system electronically connected to each such flow conduit valve for controlling the time of opening of each valve.

Description

AN IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR DIRECT AIR CAPTURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE WITHOUT MOVEMENT
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Some ten (10) years ago, Dr. Graciela Chichilnisky, in collaboration with Dr. Peter Eisenberger, invented and developed systems and apparatus for the capture of carbon dioxide from ambient air and mixtures of gases including ambient air. The systems included two (2) fundamental processes, namely (1) a phase of capturing carbon dioxide via adsorption, and (2) the regeneration of the sorbent used in the first phase.
[0002] One approach for these systems was to use the continuous movement of the sorbent much like that of the “towel” used in airport restrooms, where the towel circulates, first adsorbing carbon dioxide, and thereafter including regeneration of the carbon dioxide sorbent on the towel. This is accomplished via continuous, non-stop movement.
[0003] Another approach created utilized a “batch” process, as opposed to a continuous process. Monoliths carrying a sorbent, such as an amine, are moved such that they are exposed to moving air (in the form of a laminar flow), and where the sorbent captures the CO2 as it passes it. The CO2-carrying monoliths are then exposed to a regeneration chamber which is substantially closed under vacuum, where heat in the form of water vapor is applied to the monolith such that it releases the CO2 initially adsorbed in a desorption phase. A stream of ninety eight percent (98%) pure raw CO2 is generated.
[0004] In another invention, a “batch” process utilizes regeneration boxes that move in a way that they “service” a plurality of sorbent-carrying monoliths, such that the regeneration boxes regenerate the sorbent. [0005] A difficulty with these two processes resides in their different operating speeds. This is because it is faster to regenerate than to adsorb, since one is adsorbing CO2 from air that is very diluted, approximately 400 parts per million, thus making the step of adsorption relatively slow.
[0006] Whether using the “towel” continuous approach or the two batch approaches, they all involve and require movement in order to accomplish their respective processes. From an engineering standpoint, movement of relatively heavy apparatus is expensive and prone to breakdowns. Imagine moving the gigaton of CO2 per year that will be required.
[0007] DAC systems as described and claimed in patents naming Drs. Peter Eisenberger and Graciela Chichilnisky as inventors (identified below), are improved upon by the present invention by enabling the capture and regeneration apparatus to remain substantially stationary. Stated differently, the present invention contemplates a system that is capable of the capture of carbon dioxide from any number of sources, that is stationary, without movement, of what otherwise in the prior art has required moving capture and/or regeneration apparatus. Said sources may include, without limitation, ambient air, flue gases from sources such as fossil fuel combustion, and combinations of carbon dioxide-containing gases which may or may not include ambient air.
[0008] This patent application, which supplements a prior patent application directed to the same subject, comprises an improved system for the direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide, WHERE MOVEMENT IS ELIMINATED. More specifically, as can be seen in the accompanying drawings and their descriptions below, a novel use of valves and valving accomplishes the desired goals of the system according to the present invention. [0009] The pending patent application entitled “Novel Composition of Matter & Carbon Dioxide Capture Systems,” and its contents, are hereby incorporated by reference, as if fully set forth herein, in order to provide an optional, but unnecessary, composition of matter approach.
[0010] Reference is also made to the issued U.S. patents naming Dr. Peter Eisenberger and/or Dr. Graciela Chichilnisky as inventors or co-inventors.
[0011] Eisenberger & Chichilnisky Granted Patents:
[0012] Examples of the fruits of past and current research and development can be found in several issued U.S. and foreign patents which name undersigned Peter Eisenberger, PhD as inventor and/or co-inventor with Dr. Graciela Chichilnisky. They are also the named inventor and/or co-inventor in several pending patent applications. All of the foregoing patents and patent applications are directed and relate to the capture of carbon dioxide from ambient air and mixtures of gases, some of which contain ambient air. The issued patents referred to in this paragraph are incorporated by reference and include the following:
[0013] U.S. Patent No. 10,512,880 granted December 24, 2019 entitled “Rotating multimonolith bed movement system for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.”
[0014] U.S. Patent No. 10,413,866 granted September 17, 2019 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration.”
[0015] U.S. Patent No. 10,239,017 granted March 26, 2019 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration.”
[0016] U.S. Patent No. 9,975,087 granted Mary 22, 2018 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration from relatively high concentration carbon dioxide mixtures.” [0017] U.S. Patent No. 9,937,461 granted April 10, 2018 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration utilizing an improved substrate structure.”
[0018] U.S. Patent No. 9,925,488 granted March 27, 2018 entitled “Rotating multi-monolith bed movement system for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.”
[0019] U.S. Patent No. 9,908,080 granted March 6, 2018 entitled “System and method for removing carbon dioxide from an atmosphere and global thermostat using the same.”
[0020] U.S. Patent No. 9,878,286 granted January 30, 2018 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration.”
[0021] U.S. Patent No. 9,776,131 granted October 3, 2017 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration.”
[0022] U.S. Patent No. 9,630,143 granted April 25, 2017 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration utilizing an improved substrate structure.”
[0023] U.S. Patent No. 9,616,378 granted April 11, 2017 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration from relatively high concentration carbon dioxide mixtures.”
[0024] U.S. Patent No. 9,555,365 granted January 31, 2017 entitled “System and method for removing carbon dioxide from an atmosphere and global thermostat using same.”
[0025] U.S. Patent No. 9,433,896 granted September 6, 2016 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration.”
[0026] U.S. Patent No. 9,227,153 granted January 5, 2016 entitled “Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration method using monolith.” [0027] U.S. Patent No. 9,061,237 granted June 23, 2015 entitled “System and method for removing carbon dioxide from an atmosphere and global thermostat using same.”
[0028] U.S. Patent No. 9,028,592 granted May 12, 2015 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration from relatively high concentration carbon dioxide mixtures.”
[0029] U.S. Patent No. 8,894,747 granted November 25, 2014 entitled “System and method for removing carbon dioxide from an atmosphere and global thermostat using the same.”
[0030] U.S. Patent No. 8,696,801 granted April 15, 2014 entitled “Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration apparatus.”
[0031] U.S. Patent No. 8,500,861 granted August 6, 2013 entitled “Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration method using co-generation.”
[0032] U.S. Patent No. 8,500,860 granted August 6, 2013 entitled “Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration method using effluent gas.”
[0033] U.S. Patent No. 8,500,859 granted August 6, 2013 entitled “Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration method using vertical elevator and storage.”
[0034] U.S. Patent No. 8,500,858 granted August 6, 2013 entitled “Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration method using vertical elevator.”
[0035] U.S. Patent No. 8,500,857 granted August 6, 2013 entitled “Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration method using gas mixture.”
[0036] U.S. Patent No. 8,500,855 granted August 6, 2013 entitled “System and method for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration.” [0037] U.S. Patent No. 8,491,705 granted July 23, 2013 entitled “Application of amine- tethered solid sorbents for carbon dioxide fixation from air.”
[0038] U.S. Patent No. 8,163,066 granted April 24, 2012 entitled “Carbon dioxide capture/regeneration structures and techniques.”
[0039] The foregoing Eisenberger and Eisenberger et al. patents, as well as the prior art disclosed and cited of record therein, teach us that there may be myriad methods, apparatus and systems capable of capturing and sequestering carbon dioxide, but in manners not achieved according to the present invention.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0040] A primary object of the present invention is to provide a no movement direct air capture system that will capture CO2 from the air or gases and will produce a >95% purity CO2 product. The system of the present invention will result in anticipated decreased costs of DAC, and will not require the movement of capture and/or regeneration apparatus of the type known to the art.
[0041] The present invention further demonstrates an expected DAC process designed to reduce anticipated costs of captured CO2 from the air and gases containing carbon dioxide, as well as the energy burden associated with the capture process. This inventive newer-generation process comprises a system and process that will operate at steady state, reducing the relative complexity required for physically starting and stopping a movement system. It is anticipated that the present invention provides enhanced reliability.
[0042] The present invention contemplates a novel process that uses a novel arrangement of valves to facilitate the capture of carbon dioxide and thereafter the regeneration of the amine or other material that was used in the capture process. The use of the term “process” in this context is meant to include or be synonymous with the term “method.”
[0043] It is a primary purpose of the present invention to integrate the two CO2 capture and regeneration processes in a system where the capture and regeneration apparatus for accomplishing them is static, not moving.
[0044] This is accomplished by providing two inputs, with a valve for each, that open and close. One of these valves controls a stream that supplies adsorbent-carrying monoliths to capture CO2, and the other valve supplies controlling water vapor to heat the monoliths to separate the captured CO2 from the sorbent.
[0045] These valves essentially expose the sorbent-carrying monoliths first to air and thereafter to water vapor, without moving them. The remainder of the direct air capture process is the same as previously developed.
[0046] It is believed that this no-movement approach will be suitable for larger scale facilities, where gigatons of CO2 will need to be moved.
[0047] The present provisional patent application will be augmented, supplemented and improved, with additional technical details that will be helpful to one skilled in the art who wishes to build the present no-movement system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0048] Fig. l is a schematic representation of the overall design of the system according to this invention; [0049] Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the inventive system illustrating an active phase wherein adsorption of carbon dioxide occurs;
[0050] Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the inventive system illustrating an active phase wherein desorption occurs;
[0051] Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the inventive system illustrating the employment of multiple units used for adsorption of carbon dioxide;
[0052] Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the inventive system illustrating the employment of a multiple-unit system wherein one unit is used for adsorption and the remaining units are used for desorption; and
[0053] Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the inventive system, illustrating a multiple-unit system wherein one unit is utilized for adsorption in an active phase, and another unit is utilized for desorption.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0054] In Fig. 1, a stream of either ambient air or gases including ambient air enters fresh air inlet (1) on its way toward a carbon dioxide adsorption unit.
[0055] A stream of steam represented by reference character (2) is utilized to desorb the carbon dioxide “captured” in the adsorption unit, thereby releasing carbon dioxide.
[0056] An adsorption unit (3) contains a solid adsorbent that is chosen for its specific affinity for carbon dioxide. [0057] A stream of desorbed carbon dioxide (4) is illustrated, which has been desorbed and released from the adsorption unit after being treated with steam (2).
[0058] Stream (4) will contain residual air and steam, and proceeds to carbon dioxide recovery.
[0059] Stream (5) represents the spent air that has been discharged. This spent air constitutes air that has passed through the adsorption unit and is now reduced in carbon dioxide concentration.
[0060] In Fig. 2, which represents the unit in an active adsorption phase, a stream of inlet air (1) is fed into an adsorption unit (3), wherein carbon dioxide is adsorbed onto the surface of the sorbent utilized. The air, thereafter with a reduced carbon dioxide concentration exits the adsorption unit through valving (5).
[0061] In Fig. 3, which represents a unit in an active desorption phase, a stream of steam (2) is added to the adsorption unit (3). The energy of this steam causes adsorbed carbon dioxide to be released, and this released carbon dioxide, together with any residual air and any residual steam, leave the system (4) toward carbon dioxide recovery.
[0062] In Fig. 4, which illustrates a multiple unit system comprising multiple units in an active adsorption phase, Inlet air (1) and (6) is fed into the adsorption units (3) and (8) where carbon dioxide is absorbed on to the surface of the sorbent used. The air, now with a reduced carbon dioxide concentration, exits the adsorption units (5) and (10).
[0063] In Fig. 5, which illustrates a multiple-unit system with one unit in active adsorption phase (8), while the other unit is desorbing (3). Inlet air (6) is fed into the adsorption unit (8), where carbon dioxide is absorbed onto the surface of the sorbent used. The air, now with a reduced carbon dioxide concentration, exits the adsorption unit(10). Steam (2) is added to the adsorption unit (3), where the energy of the steam causes absorbed carbon dioxide to be released. The released carbon dioxide, together with any residual air, any residual steam, leave the system (4) on its path toward carbon dioxide recovery.
[0064] In Fig. 6, which illustrates a multiple unit system with one unit in active adsorption phase (3), while the other unit is desorbing (8), a stream of inlet air (1) is fed into an adsorption unit (3), where carbon dioxide is absorbed onto the surface of a sorbent used. The air, now with a reduced carbon dioxide concentration, exits the adsorption unit(5). Steam (7) is added to the adsorption unit (8), where the energy of the steam causes absorbed carbon dioxide to be released. This released carbon dioxide, together with any residual air and any residual steam leave the system (9) to carbon dioxide recovery.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. A no-movement system capable of directly capturing carbon dioxide from gas mixtures selected from ambient air and other gas mixtures containing carbon dioxide, the system comprising: a stationary chamber at one location; a porous monolith supported within the chamber and being formed with channels extending therethrough, said monolith supporting a sorbent for reversibly sorbing carbon dioxide from a flow of such gas mixtures; an inlet gas flow conduit, open at one end to the chamber containing the contact structure and at a second end to a source of the gas flow mixtures containing co2 ; a first outlet gas flow conduit, open at one end to the chamber and at a second end to the air; a second outlet gas flow conduit, open at one end to the chamber and at a second end to a storage facility for the captured co2; an inlet flow conduit for steam open at one end to the chamber and at a second end designed to be connected to a source of process heat steam; at least one valve with each flow conduit for controlling the time of flow through each such conduit; and an automated system electronically connected to each such flow conduit valve for controlling the time of opening of each valve, so as to permit the flow of each of the incoming gas mixture and steam, and the exiting gas mixture after contacting the sorbent and regenerated carbon dioxide; whereby co2 can be removed from co2-containing gas mixtures and pure co2 can be collected and stored or used for other purposes, without the continuing energy costs of moving either a sorbent-supporting porous monolith or the regeneration chamber for regenerating the sorbent and harvesting the collected carbon dioxide.
2. The no-movement system of claim 1, wherein the sorbent is an amine.
3. The no-movement system of claim 1, wherein the valves are block valves.
4. The no-movement system of claim 1, wherein the steam is process steam having a temperature of no greater than 130°c.
5. The no-movement system of claim 1, wherein the other gas mixtures are mixtures of ambient air with a flue gas.
6. The no-movement system of claim 1, further comprising a flue gas inlet, the flue gas inlet being open at one end to the chamber and at a second end to a source of flue gas, and a valve for the flue gas conduit automatically controlled to open at specified times.
7. The no-movement system of claim 6, wherein valve for the flue gas inlet is timed to open at a specific time during the sorbing period.
8. The no-movement system of claim 4, wherein the valve for the inlet flow conduit for steam is set to open as a fast sweep to remove remaining co2-lean remaining gas mixture before beginning the regeneration period for the sorbent, in order to enable relatively higher purity carbon dioxide to be collected during regeneration.
PCT/US2021/059498 2020-11-16 2021-11-16 An improved system for direct air capture of carbon dioxide without movement WO2022104252A1 (en)

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US202063114052P 2020-11-16 2020-11-16
US63/114,052 2020-11-16

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Cited By (2)

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EP4309767A1 (en) 2022-07-19 2024-01-24 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Method of capturing co2 from the atmosphere and air contactor device configured to carry out the method of capturing co2
WO2024026405A1 (en) * 2022-07-27 2024-02-01 Clairity Technology Inc. Systems and methods for performing direct air capture with the assistance of a recirculating buffer fluid for generation of a partially enriched stream of carbon dioxide from chemical media

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US6755892B2 (en) * 2000-08-17 2004-06-29 Hamilton Sundstrand Carbon dioxide scrubber for fuel and gas emissions
US20130064746A1 (en) * 2011-09-12 2013-03-14 Hitachi, Ltd. CO2 Sorbent

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US6755892B2 (en) * 2000-08-17 2004-06-29 Hamilton Sundstrand Carbon dioxide scrubber for fuel and gas emissions
US20130064746A1 (en) * 2011-09-12 2013-03-14 Hitachi, Ltd. CO2 Sorbent

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4309767A1 (en) 2022-07-19 2024-01-24 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Method of capturing co2 from the atmosphere and air contactor device configured to carry out the method of capturing co2
WO2024017935A1 (en) 2022-07-19 2024-01-25 Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Cientificas (Csic) Method of capturing co2 from the atmosphere and air contactor device configured to carry out the method of capturing co2
WO2024026405A1 (en) * 2022-07-27 2024-02-01 Clairity Technology Inc. Systems and methods for performing direct air capture with the assistance of a recirculating buffer fluid for generation of a partially enriched stream of carbon dioxide from chemical media

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