WO2021208481A1

WO2021208481A1 - Apparatus and method for preparing oil by pyrolyzing organic waste based on self-sustaining smoldering

Info

Publication number: WO2021208481A1
Application number: PCT/CN2020/138196
Authority: WO
Inventors: 冯超; 乔瑜; 成明凯; 高翔鹏; 徐明厚
Original assignee: 华中科技大学
Priority date: 2020-04-16
Filing date: 2020-12-22
Publication date: 2021-10-21
Also published as: CN111394114A; CN111394114B

Abstract

Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for preparing oil by pyrolyzing organic waste based on self-sustaining smoldering. The apparatus comprises a material conveying assembly, a smoldering assembly, a condensation separation assembly and a flue gas purification assembly that are sequentially connected; the mixed materials move from top to bottom in the smoldering assembly, become ash and are discharged by means of smoldering reaction in the movement process; meanwhile, the mixed materials are excited by heat generated by the smoldering reaction at the bottom of the smoldering assembly to be subjected to a pyrolysis reaction in the stacking process in the smoldering assembly, the generated pyrolysis gas moves to the condensation separation assembly along with the flue gas from bottom to top, the condensation separation assembly and the flue gas purification assembly are used for sequentially condensing and purifying the flue gas from the smoldering assembly, and the obtained purified flue gas is discharged from the apparatus. Since the two chemical processes of smoldering and pyrolysis are combined, the energy consumption is reduced, and the level of integration is improved.

Description

Organic waste pyrolysis oil production equipment and method based on self-sustained smoldering

【Technical Field】

The invention belongs to the technical field related to waste disposal, and more specifically, relates to a self-sustained smoldering-based organic matter pyrolysis oil production equipment and method.

【Background technique】

A large amount of organic waste is generated in the daily production process, including agricultural waste (such as straw), urban domestic waste (such as kitchen waste, municipal pollution), industrial waste (such as oil residue), etc. How to dispose of it efficiently and scientifically as above Organic waste, and the realization of recycling is the key point in the field of waste disposal. The organic part of organic waste is often the part of these waste components that has a large volume, difficult natural decomposition, high energy storage, and carries harmful substances such as insects, eggs, and bacteria. At the same time, it has high volatile content, high water content, and Features of low calorific value.

Traditional heat treatment methods such as pyrolysis can convert the organic part into pyrolysis oil and pyrolysis coke through thermal decomposition (usually around 500℃), so as to realize the energy utilization of products. However, traditional pyrolysis requires continuous external supply. Heat sources, especially for organic wastes with low calorific value, consume too much energy in the conversion process, and the gains outweigh the losses.

[Summary of the invention]

In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a self-sustained smoldering-based pyrolysis of organic waste oil production equipment and method, which couples the two chemical processes of smoldering and pyrolysis, and has both smoldering It can achieve low-energy self-sustaining reactions for low-calorific value organics, and pyrolysis can achieve the dual advantages of high-efficiency decomposition of organics and energy reuse.

To achieve the above objective, according to one aspect of the present invention, a self-sustained smoldering-based pyrolysis of organic waste oil production equipment is provided. The equipment includes a material conveying component, a smoldering component, a condensation separation component, and a flue gas purification component. , The material conveying assembly, the smoldering assembly, the condensation separation assembly, and the flue gas purification assembly are sequentially connected; the mixed material moves from top to bottom in the smoldering assembly, and passes through The smoldering reaction becomes ash and is discharged. At the same time, the heat generated by the smoldering reaction at the bottom of the smoldering assembly stimulates the pyrolysis reaction during the accumulation of the mixture in the smoldering assembly, and the resulting pyrolysis The gas moves from bottom to top with the flue gas to the condensation separation assembly, and the condensation separation assembly and the flue gas purification assembly are used to sequentially condense and purify the flue gas from the smoldering assembly to obtain The purified flue gas is discharged from the device.

Further, the material conveying assembly includes a material conveying device, a material conveying device, a crushing and grinding silo, a mixing silo, and a material conveying pipe. The material conveying device is connected to one side of the crushing and grinding silo, and the material conveying device The opposite sides are respectively connected to the crushing and grinding silo and the mixing silo, one end of the material conveying pipe is connected to the mixing silo, and the other end is connected to the smoldering assembly; the crushing and grinding silo is used for For crushing the organic waste from the material conveying device so that the particle size of the organic waste is less than or equal to 0.2 mm; The sand is mixed evenly.

Further, the smoldering assembly includes a material distributor, a smoldering furnace body, an electric heating net, a uniform air distributor, an air inlet channel, an ash accumulation funnel, an ash accumulation chamber, and an ash discharge device, and the materials are uniformly distributed The smolder is arranged in the smoldering furnace body and located on the top of the smoldering furnace body; the material distributor is connected to the material conveying pipe; the part of the smoldering furnace body adjacent to the material distributor An air outlet is provided, and the air outlet is connected to the condensation separation assembly;

The electric heating net and the uniform air distributor are sequentially arranged at one end of the smoldering furnace body away from the material distributor; the end of the smoldering furnace body adjacent to the uniform air distributor is provided with The air inlet channel; the bell mouth of the ash accumulation funnel is connected to the smoldering furnace body, the other end is connected to the ash accumulation chamber, and the ash discharge device is connected to the ash accumulation chamber.

Further, the electric heating net is used for starting and igniting the smoldering furnace body.

Further, the smoldering furnace body is a barrel-shaped body surrounded by a holding furnace wall.

Further, the condensation separation assembly includes a plurality of condensation separators, a plurality of collectors, and a flue gas pipeline, and the plurality of condensation separators are connected in series through the flue gas pipeline, and are respectively connected to the plurality of collectors ; Both ends of the flue gas channel are respectively connected to the air outlet and the flue gas purification assembly.

Further, the number of the plurality of condensation separators is equal to the number of the plurality of collectors, and both are three.

Further, the flue gas purification assembly includes a flue gas purification device and a flue gas outlet, the flue gas purification device is connected to the flue gas pipe, and the flue gas outlet is provided on the flue gas purification device.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis method for oil production is provided. The method mainly includes the following steps: The burning organic waste is pyrolyzed to make oil, and then the organic waste is used to pyrolyze the organic waste to make oil.

Further, the thermochemical process in the device is a low-temperature pyrolysis process at 300°C to 500°C.

In general, compared with the prior art through the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, the self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis oil production equipment and method provided by the present invention mainly have the following beneficial effects:

1. The mixed material moves from top to bottom in the smoldering assembly, and is discharged as ash through the smoldering reaction during the movement. At the same time, the mixed material is piled up in the smoldering assembly. The heat generated by the smoldering reaction that occurs at the bottom of the smoldering assembly stimulates the pyrolysis reaction, thereby coupling the two chemical processes of smoldering and pyrolysis, and having both smoldering can achieve low-energy self-sustaining reactions for low-calorific value organic matter, and Pyrolysis can achieve the dual advantages of efficient decomposition of organic matter and energy reuse.

2. The electric heating net is used for the ignition of the smoldering furnace body, and does not need to be turned on for a long time, which reduces energy consumption and can realize continuous operation.

3. The thermochemical process in the equipment is a low-temperature pyrolysis process at 300°C to 500°C, which requires a low temperature, is easy to implement, and has good applicability.

4. A plurality of the condensation separators are connected in series through the flue gas pipeline, the cooling temperature is controlled by controlling the circulating cooling medium, and the condensation collection for different pyrolysis flue gases is realized through stepped temperature control.

【Explanation of the drawings】

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis equipment for oil production provided by the present invention.

In all the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to denote the same elements or structures, among which: 1-material conveying device, 2-crushing grinding chamber, 3-material conveying device, 4-mixing silo, 5-material conveying Tube, 6-material uniformizer, 7-smoldering furnace body, 8-electric heating net, 9-uniform air distributor, 10-air inlet channel, 11-ash accumulation funnel, 12-ash accumulation chamber, 13- Ash discharge device, 14-condensation separator, 15-collector, 16-flue gas pipeline, 17-flue gas purification device, 18-flue gas outlet.

【Detailed ways】

In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, but not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Please refer to FIG. 1, the self-sustained smoldering organic waste pyrolysis equipment provided by the present invention includes a material conveying component, a smoldering component, a condensation separation component and a flue gas purification component. The material conveying component, the The smoldering assembly, the condensation separation assembly, and the flue gas purification assembly are connected in sequence; the mixed material moves from top to bottom in the smoldering assembly, and is discharged as ash through the smoldering reaction during the movement. At the same time, during the process of stacking the mixture in the smoldering assembly, the heat generated by the smoldering reaction at the bottom of the smoldering assembly stimulates the pyrolysis reaction, and the generated pyrolysis gas follows the flue gas from bottom to top Move to the condensation separation component, and then the flue gas is condensed and purified by the condensation separation component and the flue gas purification component in sequence, and the obtained purified flue gas is discharged from the equipment.

The material conveying assembly includes a material conveying device 1, a material conveying device 3, a crushing and grinding bin 2, a mixing bin 4, and a material conveying pipe 5. The material conveying device 1 is connected to one side of the crushing and grinding bin 2, so The opposite sides of the material conveying device 3 are respectively connected to the crushing and grinding silo 2 and the mixing silo 4, one end of the material conveying pipe 5 is connected to the mixing silo 4, and the other end is connected to the female Combustion components.

The smoldering components include a material distributor 6, a smoldering furnace body 7, an electric heating net 8, a uniform air distributor 9, an air inlet channel 10, an ash accumulation funnel 11, an ash accumulation chamber 12, and an ash discharge device 13. The material homogenizer 6 is arranged in the smoldering furnace body 7 and located on the top of the smoldering furnace body 7. In this embodiment, the material homogenizer 6 is connected to the material conveying pipe 5; the smoldering furnace body 7 is cylindrical, and an air outlet is provided at a position adjacent to the material homogenizer 6, the The air outlet is connected to the condensation separation assembly.

The electric heating net 8 and the uniform air distributor 9 are sequentially arranged at one end of the smoldering furnace body 7 away from the material distributor 6. An air inlet channel 10 is provided at one end of the smoldering furnace body 7 adjacent to the uniform air distributor 9. The bell mouth of the ash accumulation funnel 11 is connected to the smoldering furnace body 7, the other end is connected to the ash accumulation chamber 12, and the ash discharge device 13 is connected to the ash accumulation chamber 12.

The condensation separation assembly includes a plurality of condensation separators 14, a plurality of collectors 15, and a flue gas pipeline 15. The plurality of condensation separators 14 are connected in series through the flue gas pipeline 16, and are respectively connected to the plurality of collectors. 15 phase connection. The two ends of the flue gas channel 16 are respectively connected to the air outlet and the flue gas purification assembly. In this embodiment, the number of the plurality of condensation separators 14 is equal to the number of the plurality of collectors 15, and both are three.

The flue gas purification assembly includes a flue gas purification device 17 and a flue gas outlet 18, the flue gas purification device 17 is connected to the flue gas pipe 16, and the flue gas outlet 18 is arranged on the flue gas purification device 17 .

In this embodiment, the raw material is organic waste; the crushing and grinding bin 2 is used to crush the particle size of the material to less than 0.2 mm; the mixing bin 4 is used to combine the crushed raw material with a particle size of 1 mm The sand is uniformly mixed; the smoldering furnace body 7 is a barrel-shaped body surrounded by the wall of the holding furnace; a plurality of condensing separators are arranged in series, and the cooling temperature is controlled by controlling the circulating cooling medium, and through stepped temperature control, Condensation collection for different pyrolysis flue gas.

In this embodiment, the thermochemical process of the equipment is a low-temperature pyrolysis process at about 300°C to 500°C. The reaction process can realize self-sustained heating and low-temperature pyrolysis in the case of a low-temperature air atmosphere and a strong oxidation process. The heat required for the decomposition reaction is generated by the oxidation reaction of the bottom material and propagated upward; the electric heating net 9 is mainly used for starting the furnace and igniting the equipment, and does not need to be turned on for a long time, reducing energy consumption and realizing continuous operation.

The present invention also provides a self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis method for oil production, the method mainly includes the following steps:

(1) Provide the above-mentioned self-sustained smoldering-based pyrolysis of organic waste oil production equipment.

(2) The raw material conveying device 1 conveys the organic waste to the crushing and grinding bin 2, and the crushing and grinding bin 2 crushes the particle size of the organic waste to less than 0.2 mm and then transfers it to the material conveying device 3, and transmitted to the mixing silo 4 via the material conveying device 3.

(3) The mixing silo 4 uniformly mixes the crushed organic waste and the sand with a particle size of 1 mm, and the stirred mixture is transferred to the material homogenizer 6 through the material conveying pipe 5.

(4) The mixed material enters the smoldering furnace body 7 through the material distributing device 6, and the mixed material enters the smoldering furnace body 7 from above along the length direction of the smoldering furnace body 7 Move downwards gradually to the bottom of the smoldering furnace body 7, the mixture material becomes ash through smoldering reaction during the movement, and the ash passes through the electric heating net 8 and the uniform air distributor 9 After the gap, it falls into the ash accumulation funnel 11, and is discharged from the smoldering assembly through the ash discharging device 13; at the same time, the mixed material is deposited in the smoldering furnace body 7 during the accumulation process. The heat generated by the smoldering reaction at the bottom of the smoldering furnace body 7 stimulates the pyrolysis reaction, and the generated pyrolysis gas moves from bottom to top with the flue gas to the air outlet, and then enters the condensation separator 14, three The condensation separator 14 is used to perform condensation collection of flue gas at a constant temperature in different stages, and the condensed components (oil) in the flue gas enter the collector 15 below under the action of gravity.

(5) The flue gas passing through the condensing separator enters the flue gas purification device 17 through the flue gas pipe 16, and the flue gas purification device 17 removes the remaining toxic and harmful gases in the flue gas, after purification The latter flue gas is finally discharged through the flue gas outlet 18.

Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement and improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention, All should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

A self-sustained smoldering-based pyrolysis of organic waste oil production equipment, which is characterized in that:

The equipment includes a material conveying component, a smoldering component, a condensation separation component, and a flue gas purification component. The material conveying component, the smoldering component, the condensation separation component and the flue gas purification component are connected in sequence; a mixture The material moves from top to bottom in the smoldering assembly, and is discharged as ash through the smoldering reaction during the movement. At the same time, the mixed material is accumulated by the insult in the process of stacking in the smoldering assembly. The heat generated by the smoldering reaction at the bottom of the combustion assembly stimulates the pyrolysis reaction, and the generated pyrolysis gas moves from bottom to top with the flue gas to the condensation separation assembly, and the condensation separation assembly and the flue gas purification assembly are used for The flue gas from the smoldering assembly is sequentially condensed and purified, and the purified flue gas obtained is discharged from the equipment.
The self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis oil production equipment according to claim 1, wherein the material conveying component includes a material conveying device, a material conveying device, a crushing and grinding silo, a mixing silo, and a material conveying pipe , The raw material conveying device is connected to one side of the crushing and grinding silo, the opposite sides of the material conveying device are respectively connected to the crushing and grinding silo and the mixing silo, and one end of the material conveying pipe is connected to The other end of the mixing silo is connected to the smoldering assembly; the crushing and grinding silo is used to crush the organic waste from the material conveying device so that the particle size of the organic waste is less than or equal to 0.2 mm The mixing silo is used to uniformly mix the crushed organic waste particle stream and the sand with a particle size of 1 mm.
The self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis oil production equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: the smoldering components include a material homogenizer, a smoldering furnace body, an electric heating net, and a uniform air distributor , The air inlet channel, the ash accumulation funnel, the ash accumulation chamber and the ash discharge device, the material homogenizer is arranged in the smoldering furnace body and located on the top of the smoldering furnace body; the material homogenizer is connected In the material conveying pipe; the smoldering furnace body is provided with an air outlet at a position adjacent to the material homogenizer, and the air outlet is connected to the condensation separation assembly;

The electric heating net and the uniform air distributor are sequentially arranged at one end of the smoldering furnace body away from the material distributor; the end of the smoldering furnace body adjacent to the uniform air distributor is provided with The air inlet channel; the bell mouth of the ash accumulation funnel is connected to the smoldering furnace body, the other end is connected to the ash accumulation chamber, and the ash discharge device is connected to the ash accumulation chamber.
The self-sustained smoldering-based pyrolysis of organic waste oil production equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: the electric heating net is used for starting and igniting the smoldering furnace body.
The self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis oil production equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: the smoldering furnace body is a barrel-shaped body surrounded by a holding furnace wall.
The self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis oil production equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: the condensation separation assembly includes a plurality of condensation separators, a plurality of collectors and flue gas pipes, a plurality of said The condensing separator is connected in series through the flue gas pipeline, and is respectively connected to a plurality of the collectors; the two ends of the flue gas channel are respectively connected to the air outlet and the flue gas purification assembly.
7. The self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis oil production equipment according to claim 6, wherein the number of the plurality of condensation separators is equal to the number of the plurality of collectors, and both are three.
The self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis oil production equipment according to claim 6, wherein the flue gas purification assembly includes a flue gas purification device and a flue gas outlet, and the flue gas purification device is connected to the In the flue gas pipeline, the flue gas outlet is arranged on the flue gas purification device.
A self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis method for oil production is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: firstly, the self-sustained smoldering-based organic waste pyrolysis method according to any one of claims 1-8 is provided The oil-making equipment is then used to pyrolyze organic waste to make oil.
The method for producing oil by pyrolysis of organic waste based on self-sustaining smoldering according to claim 9, wherein the thermochemical process in the equipment is a low-temperature pyrolysis process at 300°C to 500°C.