WO2021207831A1 - Method and systems for indexing databases on a contextual basis - Google Patents
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- WO2021207831A1 WO2021207831A1 PCT/CA2021/050487 CA2021050487W WO2021207831A1 WO 2021207831 A1 WO2021207831 A1 WO 2021207831A1 CA 2021050487 W CA2021050487 W CA 2021050487W WO 2021207831 A1 WO2021207831 A1 WO 2021207831A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/22—Indexing; Data structures therefor; Storage structures
- G06F16/2228—Indexing structures
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/20—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of structured data, e.g. relational data
- G06F16/24—Querying
- G06F16/245—Query processing
- G06F16/2457—Query processing with adaptation to user needs
- G06F16/24573—Query processing with adaptation to user needs using data annotations, e.g. user-defined metadata
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
- G06F21/60—Protecting data
- G06F21/64—Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
- H04L9/3236—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions
- H04L9/3239—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving non-keyed hash functions, e.g. modification detection codes [MDCs], MD5, SHA or RIPEMD
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/50—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
- H04L2209/80—Wireless
- H04L2209/805—Lightweight hardware, e.g. radio-frequency identification [RFID] or sensor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to database architectures for networked systems. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to methods and systems for indexing a database on multiple axes such that the database can be searched based on a number of unique contextual queries.
- Networks of electronically connected and remotely located computing devices form the backbone of many modern industries. It will be readily appreciated that such distributed networks of computing devices generate large amounts of data that must be stored in a reliable and accessible way.
- Data can be stored in a conceptual “table” format, where each entry in the table represents a particular value for a key, or primary key for the data that is stored in that particular location of the table and by extension, the database at a particular point in time.
- a database index is a data structure that can be used to quickly locate data without having to search every row in a database table.
- a database index is a copy of selected database columnar entries (typically called a database “key”) that is maintained in an ordered or tree structure such that it can be efficiently searched in order to return a storage location from where the entire row can be retrieved.
- a typical index would include transaction identification information that is related to a transaction that was performed across the electronic network. In this way, it is contemplated that the details surrounding a particular transaction can be retrieved by querying the network database(s) based on some transaction identification information (such as the time of the transaction, the date of the transaction, the identity of the transacting party, etc.).
- the present disclosure can provide methods and systems for indexing a database on multiple axes that include a contextual identifier, such that the database can be searched based on a number of unique queries, including the context of the transaction.
- the present disclosure provides methods and systems for indexing a database comprising the steps of receiving, from a device in electronic communication with a central server over an electronic communication network, transaction information relating to a transaction performed on the electronic communication network, the transaction information including transaction identification information, a transaction value and a transaction contextual identifier, storing the transaction information in at least one database in electronic communication with the central server and the device over the electronic communication network, indexing the transaction information in the database based on the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier, and generating a database index including at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier.
- the present disclosure provides methods and systems for indexing a database further comprising the steps of querying the database index based on a search query that includes at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier, retrieving at least one transaction identification information, transaction value and transaction contextual identifier that satisfies the search query, and retrieving at least one transaction from the database.
- FIGURE 1 is an illustration of a suitable system for use in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIGURE 2 is an illustration of a suitable device for use in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
- FIGURE 3 is an illustration of a method in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.
- the present disclosure can provide methods and systems for indexing a database on multiple axes that include a contextual identifier, such that the database can be searched based on a number of unique queries, including the context of the transaction.
- a suitable “device”, “user device”, “server” and “central server” can include any computing device having appropriate user input means, processing means, electronic communication means (either wireless or wired), power supply means and electronic storage means that will readily appreciated by the appropriately skilled person.
- Suitable examples of devices, user devices, servers or central servers in accordance with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, suitable mobile devices, laptop computers, desktop terminals, smart, wearable and internet-of-things (IOT) devices and remotely located “cloud” servers.
- IOT internet-of-things
- a suitable “electronic communication network” can include any network of electronically connected computing devices including a local area network, wide area network, peer-to-peer network and internet or “cloud” computing infrastructure as required by the end user application of the present disclosure.
- a “transaction” or an “electronic transaction” will be understood to include, but is not limited to, any transfer of electronic data (including automated instructions to change, delete, insert, or otherwise modify data) between devices that are in electronic communication across an electronic communication network, as will be readily appreciated by the appropriately skilled person.
- RDBMS relational databases
- object stores object stores
- NoSQL databases or any suitable protocols, such as but not limited to, the BitcoinTM , EthereumTM , EOSIO or any other altcoin or cryptocurrency, distributed ledger or smart contract platform, whether such protocols are based on graphs, DAGs, chains of blocks or similar technology, all of which will be readily appreciated by the skilled person.
- protocols such as but not limited to, the BitcoinTM , EthereumTM , EOSIO or any other altcoin or cryptocurrency, distributed ledger or smart contract platform, whether such protocols are based on graphs, DAGs, chains of blocks or similar technology, all of which will be readily appreciated by the skilled person.
- a suitable “database” and “electronic storage” can be any suitable means for storing electronic data in a writable, rewritable, retrievable and/or permanent manner, as will be readily understood by the skilled person.
- a suitable database will be organized in a table format.
- each row in the table in the database can further be composed of a key and a value, and that each key is unique to that particular table.
- each particular value (and the corresponding key) that is stored in the table in the database could conceivably be updated from time to time.
- Suitable state changes include, for example, but not limited to, when any row in a table is “mutated”, meaning that data is inserted, changed, or deleted in that particular row of the table under consideration.
- a row and a key/value pair stored in that row experiences a change of state when it is updated.
- a state change/change of state or mutation can occur to the particular key/value pair(s) stored in a database that are related to the particular electronic transaction under consideration, as will be appreciated by the appropriately skilled person.
- a first user device 2 a storage device 4 and a second user device 8 are in electronic communication with one another by way of an electronic communication network.
- first user device 2 and second user device 8 have visual display means and user interface means, as will be discussed herein.
- storage device 4 is a remotely located server.
- first user device 2, storage device 4 and second user device 8 are in electronic communication with each other through an electronic communication network 6 that is a wireless communication network operated through remote servers, also known as a cloud-based network, although other arrangements such as hard-wired local networks are also contemplated as discussed herein.
- electronic communication network 6 is a wireless communication network operated through remote servers, also known as a cloud-based network, although other arrangements such as hard-wired local networks are also contemplated as discussed herein.
- user device 2, 8 for use in connection with the present disclosure is illustrated.
- user device 2, 8 includes a processor 3, a communication subsystem 5 and local data storage 7, data input means 9, and user detection means 11 all of which are electronically connected by way of a bus 13.
- the method starts 100 and transaction information is received 102 from device that is in electronic communication with a central server over an electronic communication network.
- the received transaction information is related to a transaction performed on the electronic communication network between one or more devices.
- the transaction information can include transaction identification information (including, but not limited to, a hash of the transaction data, the transaction time, the transaction date, the transaction amount, the identity of the transacting user/device), a transaction value and a transaction contextual identifier.
- the transaction contextual identifier can include, but is not limited to, the method call and parameters of a stored procedure, the method call and parameters of a smart contract execution, an SQL statement (both with or without its prepared statement parameters), the effects of the transaction including, but not limited to, the database entries that were mutated, the location of these mutations in the database and the value of these mutations, including, but not limited to keys, composite keys, values, columns, or any other suitable piece of data that is produced as a side effect of the execution of a transaction.
- the transaction information can be stored 104 in at least one database that is in electronic communication with the central server and the device over the electronic communication network.
- the transaction information that is stored in the database can be indexed 106 in the database based on at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier. Subsequently, a database index can be generated 108 that includes at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier as discussed herein.
- the method can further comprise the steps querying the database index 110 based on a search query that can include at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier.
- At least one transaction is returned by the search 112. It is contemplated that the transactions returned by the search are associated with at least one of the transaction identification information, transaction value and/or transaction contextual identifier related to any transactions that satisfy the search query.
- one of the transactions returned by the search can be retrieved 114 from the database.
- a transaction can be stored and indexed in a database based on transaction contextual information. In this way, a user can query the database based on this transaction contextual information and retrieve any transactions that satisfy this search query.
Abstract
In at least one embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods and systems for indexing a database comprising the steps of receiving transaction information relating to a transaction performed on the electronic communication network, the transaction information including transaction identification information, a transaction value and a transaction contextual identifier, storing the transaction information in at least one database, indexing the transaction information in the database based on the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier; and generating a database index including at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier, querying the database index based on a search query that includes at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier, retrieving at least one transaction identification information, transaction value and transaction contextual identifier that satisfies the search query, and retrieving at least one transaction from the database.
Description
METHOD AND SYSTEMS FOR INDEXING DATABASES ON A CONTEXTUAL
BASIS
Field
The present invention relates to database architectures for networked systems. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to methods and systems for indexing a database on multiple axes such that the database can be searched based on a number of unique contextual queries.
Background
Networks of electronically connected and remotely located computing devices form the backbone of many modern industries. It will be readily appreciated that such distributed networks of computing devices generate large amounts of data that must be stored in a reliable and accessible way.
Data can be stored in a conceptual “table” format, where each entry in the table represents a particular value for a key, or primary key for the data that is stored in that particular location of the table and by extension, the database at a particular point in time.
Presently, the problem of finding a value within the most recent database state is solved by creating a database “index”, which is a data structure that can be used to quickly locate data without having to search every row in a database table. A database index is a copy of selected database columnar entries (typically called a database “key”) that is maintained in an ordered or tree structure such that it can be efficiently searched in order to return a storage location from where the entire row can be retrieved.
In the context of blockchain and distributed ledgers, a typical index would include transaction identification information that is related to a transaction that was performed across the electronic network. In this way, it is contemplated that the details surrounding a particular transaction can be retrieved by querying the network database(s) based on some transaction identification information (such as the time of the transaction, the date of the transaction, the identity of the transacting party, etc.).
However, in these applications there is no way for a user to determine the context that surrounds a particular transaction that is performed on the network. In other words, although a particular
transaction can be retrieved from the network database(s) if the user queries the appropriate transaction identification information, there is no way for the user to determine the context surrounding the particular transaction and search the network based on that contextual information.
Accordingly, there is a need for methods and systems for indexing a database on multiple axes that include a contextual identifier, such that the database can be searched based on a number of unique queries, including the context of the transaction.
Brief Summary
It is contemplated that the present disclosure can provide methods and systems for indexing a database on multiple axes that include a contextual identifier, such that the database can be searched based on a number of unique queries, including the context of the transaction.
In at least one embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods and systems for indexing a database comprising the steps of receiving, from a device in electronic communication with a central server over an electronic communication network, transaction information relating to a transaction performed on the electronic communication network, the transaction information including transaction identification information, a transaction value and a transaction contextual identifier, storing the transaction information in at least one database in electronic communication with the central server and the device over the electronic communication network, indexing the transaction information in the database based on the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier, and generating a database index including at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier.
In at least one embodiment, the present disclosure provides methods and systems for indexing a database further comprising the steps of querying the database index based on a search query that includes at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier, retrieving at least one transaction identification information, transaction value and transaction contextual identifier that satisfies the search query, and retrieving at least one transaction from the database.
Brief Description of the Figures
The present disclosure will be better understood in connection with the following figures, in which:
FIGURE 1 is an illustration of a suitable system for use in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIGURE 2 is an illustration of a suitable device for use in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present disclosure; and
FIGURE 3 is an illustration of a method in accordance with at least one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description of the Embodiments
It is contemplated that the present disclosure can provide methods and systems for indexing a database on multiple axes that include a contextual identifier, such that the database can be searched based on a number of unique queries, including the context of the transaction.
In the context of the present disclosure, it will be appreciated that a suitable “device”, “user device”, “server” and “central server” can include any computing device having appropriate user input means, processing means, electronic communication means (either wireless or wired), power supply means and electronic storage means that will readily appreciated by the appropriately skilled person.
Suitable examples of devices, user devices, servers or central servers in accordance with the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, suitable mobile devices, laptop computers, desktop terminals, smart, wearable and internet-of-things (IOT) devices and remotely located “cloud” servers.
In the context of the present disclosure, a suitable “electronic communication network” can include any network of electronically connected computing devices including a local area network, wide area network, peer-to-peer network and internet or “cloud” computing infrastructure as required by the end user application of the present disclosure.
In the context of the present disclosure, a “transaction” or an “electronic transaction” will be understood to include, but is not limited to, any transfer of electronic data (including automated
instructions to change, delete, insert, or otherwise modify data) between devices that are in electronic communication across an electronic communication network, as will be readily appreciated by the appropriately skilled person.
It will be appreciated that the present disclosure can be used in any suitable database context, such as but not limited to, relational databases (RDBMS), object stores, NoSQL databases, or any suitable protocols, such as but not limited to, the Bitcoin™ , Ethereum™ , EOSIO or any other altcoin or cryptocurrency, distributed ledger or smart contract platform, whether such protocols are based on graphs, DAGs, chains of blocks or similar technology, all of which will be readily appreciated by the skilled person.
In the context of the present disclosure, a suitable “database” and “electronic storage” can be any suitable means for storing electronic data in a writable, rewritable, retrievable and/or permanent manner, as will be readily understood by the skilled person.
In at least one embodiment, it is contemplated that a suitable database will be organized in a table format. In these embodiments, it is contemplated that each row in the table in the database can further be composed of a key and a value, and that each key is unique to that particular table.
It will be appreciated that as a database is updated, each particular value (and the corresponding key) that is stored in the table in the database could conceivably be updated from time to time.
In the context of the present disclosure, it will be appreciated that when the key/value is updated it constitutes a “state change”, which can alternately and analogously be referred to as a “change of state” or a “mutation”. Suitable state changes include, for example, but not limited to, when any row in a table is “mutated”, meaning that data is inserted, changed, or deleted in that particular row of the table under consideration.
In other words, in the context of the present disclosure a row and a key/value pair stored in that row experiences a change of state when it is updated. It will be appreciated that in the context of the present disclosure, when an electronic transaction is conducted between two or more devices that are in electronic communication across the electronic communication network, a state change/change of state or mutation can occur to the particular key/value pair(s) stored in a database
that are related to the particular electronic transaction under consideration, as will be appreciated by the appropriately skilled person.
It is contemplated that state changes are written to suitable electronic storage, which in some embodiments can be append-only storage as will be readily appreciated by the skilled person.
Turning to Figure 1, at least one embodiment of a system for use in connection with the present disclosure is illustrated. In this embodiment, a first user device 2, a storage device 4 and a second user device 8 are in electronic communication with one another by way of an electronic communication network.
In this embodiment first user device 2 and second user device 8 have visual display means and user interface means, as will be discussed herein. In this embodiment, storage device 4 is a remotely located server.
It is further contemplated that first user device 2, storage device 4 and second user device 8 are in electronic communication with each other through an electronic communication network 6 that is a wireless communication network operated through remote servers, also known as a cloud-based network, although other arrangements such as hard-wired local networks are also contemplated as discussed herein.
Turning to Figure 2, at least one embodiment of user device 2, 8 for use in connection with the present disclosure is illustrated. In this embodiment, user device 2, 8 includes a processor 3, a communication subsystem 5 and local data storage 7, data input means 9, and user detection means 11 all of which are electronically connected by way of a bus 13.
Turning to Figure 3, at least one embodiment of the present method is depicted. In this embodiment, the method starts 100 and transaction information is received 102 from device that is in electronic communication with a central server over an electronic communication network.
It is contemplated that the received transaction information is related to a transaction performed on the electronic communication network between one or more devices. In at least one embodiment, it is contemplated that the transaction information can include transaction identification information (including, but not limited to, a hash of the transaction data, the
transaction time, the transaction date, the transaction amount, the identity of the transacting user/device), a transaction value and a transaction contextual identifier.
In at least one embodiment, it is contemplated that the transaction contextual identifier can include, but is not limited to, the method call and parameters of a stored procedure, the method call and parameters of a smart contract execution, an SQL statement (both with or without its prepared statement parameters), the effects of the transaction including, but not limited to, the database entries that were mutated, the location of these mutations in the database and the value of these mutations, including, but not limited to keys, composite keys, values, columns, or any other suitable piece of data that is produced as a side effect of the execution of a transaction.
Next, it is contemplated that the transaction information can be stored 104 in at least one database that is in electronic communication with the central server and the device over the electronic communication network.
It is contemplated that the transaction information that is stored in the database can be indexed 106 in the database based on at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier. Subsequently, a database index can be generated 108 that includes at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier as discussed herein.
In some embodiments, it is contemplated that the method can further comprise the steps querying the database index 110 based on a search query that can include at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier.
Once the database is queried based on the search query 110, it is contemplated that at least one transaction is returned by the search 112. It is contemplated that the transactions returned by the search are associated with at least one of the transaction identification information, transaction value and/or transaction contextual identifier related to any transactions that satisfy the search query.
Finally, it is contemplated that one of the transactions returned by the search can be retrieved 114 from the database.
In this way, it is contemplated that a transaction can be stored and indexed in a database based on transaction contextual information. In this way, a user can query the database based on this transaction contextual information and retrieve any transactions that satisfy this search query.
The embodiments described herein are intended to be illustrative of the present compositions and methods and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Various modifications and changes consistent with the description as a whole and which are readily apparent to the person of skill in the art are intended to be included. The appended claims should not be limited by the specific embodiments set forth in the examples but should be given the broadest interpretation consistent with the description as a whole.
Claims
1. A method for indexing a database comprising the steps of:
Receiving, from a device in electronic communication with a central server over an electronic communication network, transaction information relating to a transaction performed on the electronic communication network, the transaction information including transaction identification information, a transaction value and a transaction contextual identifier;
Storing the transaction information in at least one database in electronic communication with the central server and the device over the electronic communication network;
Indexing the transaction information in the database based on the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier; and
Generating a database index including at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:
Querying the database index based on a search query that includes at least one of the transaction identification information, the transaction value and the transaction contextual identifier;
Retrieving at least one transaction identification information, transaction value and transaction contextual identifier that satisfies the search query; and
Retrieving at least one transaction from the database.
3. The method of claim 1 or claim 2 wherein the transaction identification information is selected from the group of: a hash of the transaction data, a transaction time, a transaction date, a transaction amount, an identity of the transacting user, and an identity of the transacting device.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the transaction contextual identifier is selected from the group of: a method call of a stored procedure, a parameter of a stored procedure, a smart contract execution, an SQL statement with prepared statement parameters, an SQL statement without prepared statement parameters, and the effects of the transaction.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the effects of the transaction are selected from the group of: at least one mutated database entry, the location of a mutation in the database, the value of a mutation in the database.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the value of a mutation in the database is selected from the group of keys, composite keys, values, columns, or a piece of data that is produced by way of the execution of a transaction.
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US202063010992P | 2020-04-16 | 2020-04-16 | |
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