WO2021099593A1

WO2021099593A1 - Prefabricated housing module

Info

Publication number: WO2021099593A1
Application number: PCT/EP2020/082944
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nicolas METGE; Tristan BARTH; Christophe ALLAZ
Original assignee: Vinci Construction
Priority date: 2019-11-21
Filing date: 2020-11-20
Publication date: 2021-05-27
Also published as: FR3103507A1; FR3103507B1

Abstract

The invention relates to a prefabricated housing module (10) having a wooden framework, comprising: - at least four corner posts (12), - two longitudinal beams (13) and optionally a transverse beam (14), preferably one transverse beam, connecting the corner posts, - at least one structural floor (15), - at least one solid or bracing partition (16) on the side opposite the transverse beam if the module has one.

Description

Title: Prefabricated housing module Technical area

The present invention relates to the construction of buildings using prefabricated modules.

Prior art

It is known to build housing from prefabricated modules which are assembled to each other both horizontally and vertically. These modules are in the form of boxes with reinforced / structural walls on each of their sides to either take over the final load cases or to take over the provisional load cases (transport & installation), and are most of the time equipped with provisional waterproofing system for water and air.

This type of modular construction does not easily make it possible to obtain housing where the rooms communicate directly with each other, such as T2 or T3 for example. In addition, the cost of producing the modules, all of whose walls are structural and therefore solid because they have to support the weight of the modules placed on them, is relatively high.

Disclosure of the invention

There is therefore a need to further improve the construction of buildings using prefabricated modules which are assembled on site.

There is also an interest in benefiting from buildings favoring the use of wood for their construction, if this is desired.

Summary of the invention

The invention aims, according to a first of its aspects, to meet all or part of these needs and has as its object a process for constructing a building, in particular a collective housing building, comprising the steps of:

Build a load-bearing concrete infrastructure with a core housing the staircase (s) and / or elevator (s), attach prefabricated housing modules to the infrastructure, the modules being assembled together and at least some of the modules adjacent to the core being assembled to the latter. The invention makes it possible to simplify the production of the modules since at least some of them can be produced with less mechanical strength, taking advantage of the presence of the core and of the adjacent modules. In particular, the invention makes it possible to produce the modules without a solid wall on at least one of their sides, which reduces their cost. The invention also makes it possible to maximize the use of wood for the construction of the building if desired.

Modules

Housing modules are prefabricated before being lifted and placed on the infrastructure or other modules already in place on the infrastructure. The general shape of the modules is preferably parallelepiped.

The modules advantageously comprise posts which ensure the absorption of vertical loads. These posts can be corner posts, but modules can also have additional posts. Preferably, the framework of the housing modules is made of wood, preferably glued laminated timber (also called BLC). The posts can thus be in glued laminated timber and the housing modules advantageously comprise one or more solid partitions, preferably in cross laminated timber (also called CLT). The housing modules also preferably include a cross laminated floor, supported by glued laminated beams, in particular two longitudinal beams and possibly a transverse beam, as detailed below. In certain cases in particular, the modules may comprise, on the side opposite to the transverse beam tunnel, a solid partition, preferably in cross-laminated form. Modules may have only one solid partition along a long side, or even no solid partition along their long sides. Non-solid partitions are, for example, made of plasterboard on a non-load-bearing metal frame.

The posts are preferably each provided at their lower and upper ends with fittings configured to ensure the centering of the posts of an upper module placed on a lower module and ensure the transmission of forces between beams and columns, or even between balcony and column structure. -beams, as well as between adjacent modules. These fittings can advantageously have an anti-lifting device once the upper module is placed on a lower module. The upper fittings present at the upper end of the posts are also advantageously suitable for fixing or integrating means for lifting the module, as detailed below.

The modules are preferably provided with locking means which automatically hook together when the modules are lowered next to each other. These locking means can be configured so that the locking means present at a given location of the module hook onto complementary locking means of a neighboring module, or as a variant hook onto complementary locking means of two other neighboring modules, thus bringing together the three modules concerned.

A top bracket is preferably arranged to hook with a top bracket of an adjacent module, the hooking taking place automatically when a new module is lowered next to an adjacent module already in place on the infrastructure. Each upper fitting can advantageously be in two parts, with a removable upper part and a lower part serving for anchoring in the post. This lower part may include a plate and means for anchoring the fitting within the post, such as an insert. The latter has for example a cross section in the shape of a cross.

This possibility of removable mounting of the upper part of the upper fitting on the plate makes it possible not to be hampered by the presence of the fitting during transport and thus to have a greater post height given the authorized template during the transport, and to use the plate to fix therein means contributing to the immobilization and / or the protection of the module during its transport, as detailed below. Advantageously, a sheet of an acoustic / vibratory insulator such as an elastomer for example, is interposed between the upper part of the upper fitting and the plate.

The upper part of the upper fitting may include a base intended to rest on the plate via its lower face, this base being provided on one edge, for certain fittings, with a female hooking profile defining a groove open downwards, while other fittings are provided on a corresponding edge with a male profile comprising a rib arranged to engage in the aforementioned groove in order to laterally assemble the two fittings. Other forms of locking means are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention. The same fitting can include a profile on one side of the base. attachment and on another side of the base, adjacent to the first, or more exceptionally opposite to the first, another attachment section so as to secure the post equipped with this fitting with two other neighboring posts belonging to respective modules. The fitting may in particular comprise on one side of the base a male attachment section and on an adjacent side a female attachment section.

Each upper fitting also advantageously comprises a male connector arranged to engage in a corresponding housing of a lower fitting when two modules are superimposed.

This male connector advantageously comprises two uprights defining between them a groove for receiving a lifting hook. These uprights are connected at the top by a transverse element on which the hook can hang. This transverse element may have been integral with the uprights.

Preferably, the male connector has a generally tapered upward shape so as to facilitate its engagement in the lower fitting. The male connector may have a generally frustoconical or prismatic envelope surface, for example.

The lower fitting has a housing to receive a male connector present on an underlying module or on the concrete infrastructure. This housing may be defined by a housing, in particular of parallelepipedal exterior shape, open downwards. This housing may be of generally flared downward shape, in particular have a shape complementary to that of the envelope surface of the connector, so as to maximize the bearing surface between the fittings.

The bottom bracket may have an insert which extends upward for attachment to the corresponding post, this insert preferably having a cross-shaped cross section, which may be glued to the post and / or otherwise secured therein. , especially studded or screwed.

The lower fitting may also include at least one insert extending in a horizontal direction, for fixing a longitudinal or possibly transverse beam, extending perpendicularly to the vertical post carrying the lower fitting. The lower fitting can also receive integrally (welding) or by assembly (for example by bolting) a console plate allowing the structure of a balcony to be fixed to it. When the post is arranged at an angle, the lower fitting may advantageously comprise two inserts each extending in a horizontal direction and at right angles to each other, for fixing a horizontal beam and a possible transverse beam of the module.

In the case of intermediate posts arranged between corner posts, the lower fitting may have two horizontal inserts arranged in the extension of one another, on either side of the housing intended to receive the male connector.

Horizontal inserts can be in the form of vertically oriented dishes. The lower fitting may have flanges extending along the horizontal inserts and connecting perpendicularly to the latter.

Some modules may also include lower fittings having an assembly function with a circulation module defining a circulation corridor between the housing modules.

These lower fittings can then include, in addition to the housing defining the housing for receiving the male connector, the fixing insert on the post and a horizontal insert for fixing to a horizontal beam, a console on which the circulation module can rest.

This console may include a plate preferably supported below by two vertical parallel reinforcements connecting to an upright of the housing, and above carrying a centering relief such as a tooth of triangular profile, facing upwards. The fitting can include at the rear of the console a centering flank, inclined downwards and towards the free edge of the plate, against which the edge of the circulation module or a wooden frame wall can bear. This inclined side can be defined by a vertical rib extending upwards from the upright of the housing to which the aforementioned vertical reinforcements are connected.

Each upper or lower fitting can be produced entirely in one piece, in particular in metal, for example by foundry and / or machining or even additive manufacturing, or alternatively by assembling components made separately.

The fittings can be made of aluminum, aluminum alloy, or other metals, in particular steel. Frame

The framework of the modules preferably comprises, in addition to the aforementioned posts, solid wooden beams, in particular glued laminated timber.

In particular, each housing module can comprise at the level of the floor of the module two longitudinal beams, possibly connected at one end by a single transverse beam, these beams being advantageously assembled to each other and to the corner posts by fittings such as the aforementioned lower fittings. The floor extends between the longitudinal beams.

At least one of the longitudinal beams of some modules can be interrupted for the attachment of an additional post.

Partitions

Each housing module preferably comprises at least one solid partition extending between two vertical posts, in particular on the side of the floor without a transverse beam if the module has one, then participating in the bracing of the module on this side.

At least part of the modules may include a partition, solid or not, along a longitudinal beam, or even two partitions when the latter is interrupted for fixing an intermediate post. In this case, these partitions extend respectively between this intermediate post and the corresponding corner posts.

When full, the partitions are preferably cross-laminated.

Assembly of housing modules Housing modules can be assembled in sequences of two, three, four or more, depending on the number of housing parts to be produced. In particular, it is advantageously possible to finish assembling the modules of the same housing before proceeding to the installation of the modules of the following housing. This makes it possible to consolidate the mechanical strength of the assembly as well as possible, the modules of the same housing being made in such a way as to give the housing in question, when assembled, the necessary structural stability, which does not necessarily allow the modules already in place of a housing as long as the remaining modules completing the housing are not installed, when there are no solid walls on certain sides of the modules. Thus, when the site is interrupted, for example at the end of the day, all the modules corresponding to the same housing are preferably in place. We can first install the housing modules adjoining the core, on several floors. Once the modules adjoining the core have been installed, those of the housing located on the same side as these modules can be placed, relative to the circulation spaces, then the housing modules located in front of these modules can be placed and the circulation modules installed. to structurally link the modules together.

Advantageously, the modules are assembled by arranging them in such a way that, if they are provided with transverse beams as mentioned above, they are located in the continuation of one another. These possible transverse beams can be arranged on the exterior side of the building, so as to support the structure of a balcony if necessary. As mentioned above, an alternative consists in directly fixing the structure of the balcony to the lower fittings of the module. In this case, these lower fittings are equipped with a flat console for fixing the structure of a balcony.

Preferably, the modules are arranged to be positioned one on top of the other and to be held in place under the effect of their own weight, without it being necessary to provide fixing by welding, bolting, nailing or screwing. one module over the other.

Thus, the vertical assembly of the modules is advantageously carried out by simple engagement of the aforementioned male connectors in the corresponding housings of the modules provided in the lower part thereof, without additional locking of the modules together using attached elements such as as screws or nails, for example. For some configurations, an anti-lift device can be integrated into the upper and lower hardware system.

This simplifies the construction because it suffices to lay the modules on top of each other. In addition, it is not necessary to preserve access to work on the fittings, which otherwise could constitute a significant constraint architecturally and increase labor costs.

The concrete infrastructure advantageously includes male connectors waiting to receive the first stage of modules. These connectors engage in the corresponding housings of these modules, in particular defined by the aforementioned lower fittings.

The core advantageously comprises, over its height, elements arranged so as to engage automatically on complementary elements of the modules adjacent to the core in order to hang them on the latter, during their installation. In particular, these elements can be hooked on the same elements as those which ensure the locking of the modules. between them. It is possible to use fittings of suitable shape, previously fixed to the core, configured to hook onto the profiles of the upper fittings. The core can thus be provided with male or female hooking profiles as defined above, with or without an anti-lifting device.

The housing modules are prefabricated in the factory and then brought to the site. Preferably, we start by installing the housing modules closest to the core, by securing them to the latter, as mentioned above.

To place a module, it is lifted using a lifting means such as a crane, equipped with a lifting frame that can be adjustable to adapt to the size of the module, equipped with hooks with automatic locking / unlocking, preferably arranged to hook onto connectors present on the modules, in particular on those present on the corner posts.

These hooks are thus advantageously arranged to snap automatically onto the male connectors of the corner posts, when the frame is lowered into contact with them for the first time. The hooks are unlocked, for example, by releasing the tension and lowering the hooks onto the connectors. The locking / unlocking operations can be assisted manually by an operator present at the lifting point and by another present above the building, on a platform for example. When a module is placed next to another already in place, the upper fittings of the adjacent posts can be locked, by engaging the corresponding hooking profiles, as mentioned above. Such locking ensures the absorption of transverse forces. Prefabricated circulation modules can be set up between the housing modules. Preferably, these circulation modules are also simply placed on the modules in place and only require, after installation, only additional light fastening means such as screws or nails. In the same way as the vertical removal of housing modules, these circulation modules can advantageously benefit from an anti-lifting device.

Preferably, roof modules are temporarily placed on the housing modules waiting to be covered by another floor of housing modules, when the site must be interrupted and there is a risk of bad weather. Circulation modules

The aforementioned circulation modules advantageously comprise a cross-laminated structural floor, and a sub-ceiling defining with the structural floor a plenum for the passage of cables and / or pipes and to be able to receive sound and / or thermal insulation. if necessary.

Roof Modules

The aforementioned roof modules preferably comprise a structural frame formed of assembled wooden beams, in particular of glued laminated timber, and a covering element such as a metal panel or a covering made of any other suitable material. The roof modules advantageously have housings arranged to engage on the male connectors of the underlying housing modules, these housings preferably being defined by fittings connecting the beams of the aforementioned frame. In the same way as current housing modules, the fittings of these roof modules can advantageously benefit from an anti-lifting device.

The housing modules advantageously have thermal and / or sound insulation, in particular on their side facing outwards, on the ceiling, and on their sides facing adjacent housing and / or circulation spaces.

In particular, each housing module preferably comprises at least one layer of thermal or sound insulation, such as mineral wool for example, attached to a partition, floor or ceiling, structural or not.

The partitions of the modules are preferably pre-painted, pre-tiled or otherwise finished, and the side of the modules open to the outside is preferably provided with a facade facing such as a cladding for example.

The modules can already be fitted with their openings and other interior or exterior joinery, in particular windows or doors.

The modules can already be fitted with a floor covering.

The modules can be pre-equipped with sanitary facilities, bathroom and kitchen.

The modules can be electrically pre-wired, high currents and / or low currents. The modules can include one or more passages waiting for connection to water and strong and / or weak current inlets. Modules transport

The modules are preferably transported to the building construction site on racks, preferably metal. They are preferably assembled at least partially on individual racks which are then used for transporting the modules to the construction site. In particular, the partitions can be mounted in the factory when the posts are already present on the rack, and the rack can be moved from one station to another during the assembly of the module.

Transport to the site can be done by truck, especially with a trailer. It is advantageous that the racks have retractable or retractable feet allowing the trailer to engage under the rack; this avoids a lifting operation of the rack for its installation on the truck.

Preferably, at least one removable bracing frame, in particular metal, is fixed to the rack for transporting the module. This frame is preferably fixed below the rack, for example by bolting, and above the aforementioned corner posts of the modules, for example also by bolting. This fixing in the upper part is carried out advantageously by using the same elements of the modules as those used for the connection of the connectors used for the vertical assembly of the modules together. It is thus advantageously possible to place on the longitudinal sides of the rack two opposing bracing frames. Each frame is removed upon arrival on site. The connectors can then be placed on the housing modules. The absence of these connectors during transport makes it easier to comply with the maximum height authorized.

The bracing frame (s) are useful for compensating for the relative fragility of certain modules taken in isolation, in particular when the partitions present on their long sides are not solid.

Transport structure

A further subject of the invention is a transport structure for transporting a housing module from the place of manufacture of the module to the building construction site, comprising: a transport rack on which the module is placed, at least one removable bracing frame, configured to be fixed to the rack and the module during transport. Handling lifter

The subject of the invention is also a lifting beam, which can be adjustable in order to adapt to the size of the module, allowing the modules to be lifted, handled and set down by means of lifting means such as a crane. This lifting beam is provided with a lifting frame that can be equipped with automatic locking / unlocking hooks, preferably arranged to hook onto connectors present on the modules, in particular those present on the corner posts. This lifting beam is of such mechanical strength and rigidity that it ensures the maintenance and structural stability of the module during the various temporary loads corresponding to all handling operations. Infrastructure

The subject of the invention is also a supporting infrastructure in concrete with a core, for the implementation of the construction method as defined above, comprising male connectors on standby, intended to cooperate with the housing modules of the first floor of housing modules placed on the infrastructure, and preferably on the core, locking means allowing the automatic hooking of the modules to the core during their installation.

Building

A further subject of the invention is a building obtained by implementing the method according to the invention, comprising: a concrete supporting infrastructure with a core housing the staircase (s) and / or elevator (s), housing modules prefabricated units attached to the infrastructure, the modules being assembled together and at least part of the modules adjacent to the core being assembled to the latter.

The construction method according to the invention can be implemented with housing modules other than the timber frame housing modules defined above, in particular metal frame housing modules.

However, preferably, this method is implemented with timber frame housing modules, having the characteristics set out above.

Another subject of the invention is, independently of the construction method defined above, involving a concrete infrastructure with a core, a housing module. as such, incorporating all or part of the characteristics presented above, capable of being used differently, in particular by being placed on an infrastructure without a concrete core or with a wooden or metal core or otherwise made, and / or in assembling the modules in a different way, in particular using elements added after the installation of the modules.

This prefabricated housing module comprises a wooden frame comprising: at least four corner posts, two longitudinal beams and possibly a transverse beam, preferably single, connecting the corner posts, at least one structural floor, at least one solid or bracing partition, on the side opposite the transverse beam, if the module has one.

Such a module can take all or part of the characteristics presented above. Another subject of the invention is an assembly comprising several housing modules according to the invention, assembled together to form a housing, in particular of the T2, T3 or T4 type. These modules are advantageously provided with locking means which automatically hook together when the modules are lowered next to each other.

The subject of the invention is also an assembly comprising a housing module according to the invention and a roof module placed on the housing module.

The invention may be better understood from reading the detailed description which follows, of a non-limiting example of implementation thereof, and from examining the appended drawing, in which:

Brief description of the drawings

[Fig 1] Figure 1 schematically and partially shows a building made in accordance with the invention,

[Fig 2] Figure 2 shows the infrastructure alone, before the installation of the housing modules,

[Fig 3] Figure 3 partially and schematically shows, in perspective, the framework of an example of a housing module,

[Fig 4] Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3 of another example of housing module, [Fig 5] Figure 5 illustrates the assembly of three housing modules to form a housing,

[Fig 6] Figure 6 illustrates the vertical assembly of housing modules,

[Fig 7] Figure 7 shows in isolation a set of fittings of the housing modules,

[Fig 8] Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 7 of a variant of fittings, [Fig 9] Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 7 of another variant of fittings,

[Fig 10] Figure 10 illustrates the assembly of upper fittings belonging to adjacent housing modules,

[Fig 11] Figure 11 illustrates the assembly of three housing modules using another variant of the upper fitting,

[Fig 12] Figure 12 illustrates the use of the fittings of Figure 9 to support the circulation modules,

[Fig 13] Figure 13 illustrates the assembly of housing modules on transport racks,

[Fig 14] Figure 14 illustrates the installation, prior to transport, of bracing frames on the racks of Figure 13,

[Fig 15] Figure 15 illustrates the transport of the modules by truck,

[Fig 16] Figure 16 shows a detail of the construction of a transport rack, [Fig 17] Figure 17 shows a detail of the fixing of the bracing frame on the housing module,

[Fig 18] Figure 18 illustrates the fitting of the upper fittings before lifting the modules,

[Fig 19] Figure 19 illustrates the lifting of a module,

[Fig 20] Figure 20 illustrates the automatic locking of the hooks,

[Fig 21] Figure 21 illustrates the installation of the housing modules,

[Fig 22] Figure 22 illustrates the temporary installation of the roof modules,

[Fig 23] Figure 23 illustrates the construction of the building,

[Fig 24] FIG. 24 represents an example of the relative arrangement of the frames of the modules of the same housing, [Fig 25] Figure 25 shows the floor equipped with a sub-ceiling, circulation modules,

[Fig 26] Figure 26 illustrates an example of an interior layout of a housing formed of three housing modules, and

[Fig 27] Figure 27 illustrates an example of a layout of a building floor.

detailed description

FIG. 1 shows an example of a building 1 produced in accordance with one aspect of the invention, comprising a reinforced concrete infrastructure 2 provided with a concrete core 3, housing the staircase (s) and / or elevator (s). ).

In the example considered, it is a multi-storey apartment building, formed by the assembly of prefabricated housing modules.

The infrastructure 2 is shown in isolation in Figure 2. It may include a basement 5 and a slab 4 on which are placed the housing modules of the first floor of housing.

Each housing module 10 comprises, according to one aspect of the invention, a wooden frame 11, shown in isolation in Figure 3.

In the case of the module shown in this figure, the framework 11 comprises four corner posts 12, preferably in glued laminated timber, two longitudinal beams 13, parallel to each other and extending like the long sides of the module and possibly a single transverse beam 14 connecting the two longitudinal beams 13 at one end. The beams 13 and 14 are preferably also made of glued laminated timber.

The frame 11 is completed by a structural floor 15 in cross-laminated timber and by a partition 16 also in cross-laminated timber, opposite the beam 14 and participating in the bracing of the module.

The posts 12 are assembled to the beams by lower brackets 20 which are described below and carry at their upper end upper brackets 30 used for assembling the modules together.

FIG. 4 represents another example of a framework 11 for a housing module which differs from that of FIG. 3 by the presence of an intermediate post 17 on one of the long sides. The longitudinal beam can then be cut into two parts 13a and 13b connected by a lower fitting 21 fixed in the post 17.

Solid cross-laminated timber partitions 16a and 16b extend between one of the corner posts 12 and the intermediate post 17 and between the latter and the opposite corner post 12, respectively.

The housing modules 10 are grouped together by two, three, four or more to form housing with two, three, four or more rooms.

In Figure 5, there is shown the frames of three housing modules 10 assembled to form a T3 type housing.

The housing modules 10 of the same floor are assembled together at the level of the upper fittings 30, as described below.

The modules 10 are assembled vertically, as illustrated in Figure 6, depending on the number of floors to be achieved. The upper brackets 30 are configured to fit into the lower brackets 20, the weight of the upper tier modules being taken up by the posts 12 and 17 of the lower tier.

We will continue to describe with reference to Figures 7 to 11 more precisely the fittings 20, 21 and 30.

The lower bracket 20 which is used for assembling the beams 13 and 14 with a corner post 12 may comprise, as illustrated, a housing 22 open downwards, defining a housing for receiving the upper bracket 30, and inserts 23, 24 and 25 intended for securing the fitting with the horizontal beams and the vertical corner post. The horizontal inserts 23 and 24 are in the example illustrated in the form of plates each intended to be housed in a corresponding slot in the facing beam. The vertical insert 25 has a cross section. The plates 23 and 24 are stiffened at their base by respective soles 27 and 28.

The upper fittings 30 are made in the example considered in two parts 30a and 30b which are assembled by bolting, with the interposition of an acoustic / vibratory insulator 31.

The upper part 30a comprises a base 32 surmounted by a male connector 33 formed by two uprights 34 connected at the top by a connecting element 35. The lower part 30b serves for anchoring within the post and comprises a plate 38 extended below by an insert 39, for example of cross-section in the form of a cross, as illustrated.

The upper fittings 30 are produced with locking means which make it possible to secure two adjacent fittings 30 with respect to the lateral forces.

To this end, some fittings 30 are made with reliefs arranged to fit into reliefs of complementary shape to other fittings 30 when the housing modules are placed next to each other.

In the example illustrated, certain upper fittings 30 are thus produced with protruding from the base 32 on one side a locking profile 40 defining a groove 41 open downwards, while other upper fittings 30 are produced in a similar manner with a locking profile 43 of complementary shape, directed upwards, arranged to engage in the groove 41 during the assembly of the fittings 30, as illustrated in FIG. 10.

In this figure, it can be seen that the uprights 34 have a flattened cross section along a median plane for the connector 33. The connecting element 35 extends perpendicularly to this plane.

The outer flanks 34a of the uprights 34 are inclined upward towards this median plane, as are the flanks 34b perpendicular to this median plane, so as to give the connector 33 a generally tapered upward shape, leading to an auto -centring of the connector 33 in the corresponding housing of the lower fitting 20.

In the example under consideration, the upper part 30a of the upper fitting 30 is made in one piece by machining the material, as is the lower part 30b, for example made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

In Figure 8, there is shown the lower fitting 21 which serves for fixing the intermediate post 17 as well as to the two parts 13a and 13b of the associated longitudinal beam.

This fitting 21 comprises two horizontal inserts 23 located in the extension of one another, on either side of the housing 22, formed of vertical plates arranged to be fixed within the parts 13a and 13b of the associated longitudinal beam. .

The building has corridors allowing access to the accommodation. These corridors are provided by circulation modules 50 placed between the housing modules, as illustrated in Figure 12.

These circulation modules are arranged so as to take up transverse forces and allow the housing modules to be joined together up to the concrete core 3.

In Figure 12 only the structural floor 51 of these circulation modules 50 is shown.

Certain lower fittings 20 are provided on one side with a console 52 intended to support the floor 51, as shown more particularly in FIG. 9.

Console 52 extends horizontally near the upper end of housing 22, being supported by reinforcing ribs 54 connected to housing 22.

The fitting 20 also comprises a vertical stop 55 having an inclined side 56, against which the edge of the circulation module bears, as can be seen in FIG. 12.

A blocking relief 58, for example in the form of a tooth of triangular profile when viewed from the front in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the stop 55, cooperates with a corresponding relief of the floor 51, and contributes to the immobilization of that - here as well as to the resumption of transverse forces.

The consoles 52 can be provided in particular on the lower fittings 20 located opposite the transverse beam 14, if the module has one.

Certain upper fittings 30 may be provided with locking means allowing the three housing modules to be locked, as shown in Figure 11.

It is thus possible to produce certain upper fittings 30 with two locking means on two adjacent sides of the base 32, for example one consisting of a male locking profile 43 and the other by a female locking profile 40.

The housing modules 10 are prefabricated in the factory, and are delivered to the site ready for installation, being equipped with thermal and sound insulation, and pre-wired with the electrical and fluid networks.

The modules are advantageously assembled on racks 100 which also serve for their transport, as illustrated in FIG. 13.

The racks 100 are fitted with retractable feet 101. In figure 13, we see the thermal and sound insulation which covers the ceiling of the modules 10 as well as at least a non-solid partition 60 on a large side of the module. It can also be seen that the housing modules 10 are provided with a facade facing 62.

Bracing frames 110 are attached to the racks 100 for transport, to cover the long sides of the modules 10, as shown in figure 14.

These frames 110 have uprights 111 which are immobilized below by bolting in shoes provided for this purpose on the racks 100 and above using connecting lugs 103 bolted on the plates 38 of the lower part 30b of the upper fittings 30, the upper part of these, comprising the connector 33, then not being present, as illustrated in FIG. 17.

Each rack 100 advantageously comprises, as illustrated in FIG. 16, connectors 33 fixed to the longitudinal members of the rack so as to engage in the corresponding housings of the lower fittings of the module and thus hold it in place.

The height of the feet 101 of the racks makes it possible to position a transport vehicle under the racks 100, and to place the racks on this vehicle by retracting the feet, as illustrated in figure 15. It can be seen in this figure that the housing modules can be covered with a tarpaulin for transport.

On arrival at the site, as shown in Figure 18, the tarpaulins are removed, as are the bracing frames 110 and the upper parts 30a of the fittings 30 are installed.

Each module 10 can then be lifted using a lifting frame 200 equipped with hooks 201 arranged to hook onto the connectors 33, as illustrated in Figure 19.

The hooks 201 are preferably with automatic locking and unlocking, being for example of the ELEBIA NEO50 type, automatically locking on the connectors 33 when they are lowered onto them, and being able to unlock automatically when the module is removed, as partially. illustrated by the sequence shown in Figure 20.

Where appropriate, the operation of installing the modules 10 is assisted by a human operator present on a nacelle 210, as illustrated in Figure 21.

The installation of the housing modules 10 is carried out starting with the modules closest to the core 3. The latter is provided with fittings 300 provided with profiles of locking 43 allowing the locking profiles 40 of the upper fittings 30 to be hooked when the modules are lowered, as illustrated in FIG. 24.

The modules are preferably fitted housing by housing. Thus, in the example of FIG. 21, we begin by placing all the modules of a first housing, three in number, before installing the modules of the upper floor, always starting with the closest modules 10. core 3.

In the event of bad weather, or at the end of the day, roof modules 70 can be installed temporarily, in order to protect the underlying housing modules, as illustrated in Figure 22.

The roof modules 70 are permanently installed on the top floor housing modules, as shown in Figure 23.

Installing the modules housing by housing allows the structural strength of certain modules to be used to consolidate adjacent modules.

Referring to Figure 24, we see that the housing may include an intermediate housing module 10b arranged between two end modules 10a and 10c provided with solid partitions 16 in the longitudinal direction of the modules while the module intermediate has only a solid partition 16 in the perpendicular direction. The end modules 10a and 10c thus participate in the bracing of the intermediate module 10b in the longitudinal direction of the modules.

In Figure 25, there is illustrated the installation of the circulation modules between two rows of housing modules 10.

It can be seen that the structural floor of the circulation module can be lined with a false ceiling 56 leaving a plenum for the passage of cables or pipes and for receiving sound and / or thermal insulation.

The circulation module floors come to rest on the consoles of the housing modules after they have been put in place.

The accommodations can be arranged in various ways.

By way of example, FIG. 26 shows an example of the layout of an apartment formed of three housing modules 10. It will be noted that, by the arrangement of the modules and their partitions, it is avoided. full, to have duplicates of solid cross-laminated partitions between dwellings. Thus, the partition 80 at one end of the housing is not solid, being for example of type ½ Styl, while it is solid, in cross-laminated timber, on the opposite side.

Within one floor, the housing modules can be assembled to form more or less large housing. By way of example, FIG. 27 shows a possible arrangement, among others, of the housing modules 10.

It can be seen that the housings arranged on either side of the concrete core 3 may not have a solid partition 16 made of cross-laminated timber, taking advantage of the presence of the concrete core to provide bracing. Only the partitions located opposite the core 3 and along the circulation corridors can be full. For example, the partition 16 arranged opposite the core is a 12 cm thick cross-laminated wood partition, while the partitions arranged along the corridor are 10 cm thick cross-laminated timber.

The dimension of the modules has been indicated for information in this figure, it being understood that the invention is not limited to particular dimensions.

It can be seen in FIG. 27 that the bracing of the front modules is provided by the presence of the floors of the modules which are superimposed on each other.

The transverse forces which apply to the building on the row of modules located on the side opposite to the core 3 can be transmitted to the latter through the structural floors of the circulation modules.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the example which has just been described.

Depending on the aspects of the invention that are considered, many variations are possible, as to the assembly of the modules or their realization.

Claims

1. Prefabricated housing module (10) comprising a wooden frame comprising: at least four glued laminated corner posts (12), two longitudinal glued laminated beams (13) and possibly a transverse beam (14), of single preferably, connecting the corner posts, at least one cross laminated structural floor (15), at least one solid or bracing partition (16) on the side opposite to the cross beam if the module has one.

2. Prefabricated housing module (10) comprising a wooden frame comprising: at least four corner posts (12), each provided at their lower and upper ends with fittings (20; 30) configured to ensure the centering of the posts an upper module placed on a lower module, each upper fitting (30) being in two parts (30a, 30b), with a removable upper part and a lower part serving for anchoring in the post, two longitudinal beams ( 13) and optionally a transverse beam (14), preferably single, connecting the corner posts, at least one structural floor (15), at least one solid or bracing partition (16) on the side opposite to the transverse beam if the module presents one.

3. Module according to claim 2, the corner posts and the longitudinal beams being glued laminated timber and the structural floor being cross laminated.

4. Module of claim 1, the corner posts each being provided at their lower and upper ends with fittings (20; 30) configured to ensure the centering of the posts of an upper module placed on a lower module.

5. Module according to the preceding claim, each upper fitting (30) being in two parts (30a, 30b), with a removable upper part and a lower part serving for anchoring in the post.

6. Module according to one of claims 3 and 5, the lower part (30b) comprising a plate (38) and anchoring means (39) of the fitting within the post.

7. Module according to the preceding claim, a sheet (31) of an acoustic insulation being interposed between the upper part (30a) of the upper fitting and the plate (38).

8. Module according to one of claims 6 and 7, the upper part of the upper fitting comprising a base (32) intended to rest on the plate (38) by its lower face, this base being provided on one edge at least with 'a female hooking profile (40) defining a groove (41) open downwards or a male profile (43) comprising a rib arranged to engage in the aforementioned groove in order to laterally assemble the two fittings.

9. Module according to claim 8, the same fitting comprising on one side of the base (32) a hooking profile and on another side of the base, adjacent to the first, another hooking profile so as to secure the fitted post. of this fitting with two other posts belonging to respective modules.

10. Module according to any one of claims 2 and 4 to 9, each upper fitting comprising a male connector (33) arranged to engage in a corresponding housing of a lower fitting (20) when two modules are superimposed.

11. Module according to claim 10, the male connector comprising two uprights (34) defining between them a groove for receiving a lifting hook (201).

12. Module according to one of claims 10 and 11, each lower fitting (20) having a housing for receiving a male connector (33) present on an underlying module or on a concrete infrastructure, this housing preferably being defined. by a housing, in particular of parallelepiped shape, open at the bottom.

13. Module according to claim 12, the housing being of generally flared downward shape, in particular having a shape complementary to that of the envelope surface of the male connector.

14. Module according to any one of claims 2 and 4 to 13, each lower fitting (20) comprising an insert (25) which extends upwards for fixing in the corresponding post, this insert preferably having a section. transverse cross-shaped, the lower fitting preferably comprising at least one insert (23; 24) extending in a horizontal direction, for fixing a beam longitudinal or possibly transverse, extending perpendicular to the vertical post carrying the lower fitting.

15. Module according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one lower fitting having an assembly function with a circulation module (50) defining a circulation corridor between the housing modules, this lower fitting comprising a console. preferably comprising a plate (52) supported below by two vertical parallel reinforcements (54) connecting to an upright of a housing, and above carrying a centering relief (58) such as a tooth of triangular profile, oriented towards the top, the fitting comprising at the rear of the console a centering flank (55), inclined downwards and towards the free edge of the plate, against which the edge of the floor module can bear.

16. An assembly comprising several housing modules (10) as defined in any one of the preceding claims, assembled together to form a housing, in particular of the T2, T3 or T4 type.

17. Assembly according to the preceding claim, the modules (10) being provided with locking means (41, 43) which automatically hook together when the modules are lowered next to each other.

18. An assembly comprising a housing module (10) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 15, and a roof module (70) placed on the housing module.