WO2020133154A1 - Antenna, microwave device and communication system - Google Patents

Antenna, microwave device and communication system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020133154A1
WO2020133154A1 PCT/CN2018/124661 CN2018124661W WO2020133154A1 WO 2020133154 A1 WO2020133154 A1 WO 2020133154A1 CN 2018124661 W CN2018124661 W CN 2018124661W WO 2020133154 A1 WO2020133154 A1 WO 2020133154A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
filter layer
filtering
aperture
radio frequency
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2018/124661
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
杨宁
马剑涛
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP18944268.4A priority Critical patent/EP3883059B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/124661 priority patent/WO2020133154A1/en
Priority to CN201880100528.2A priority patent/CN113228414B/en
Publication of WO2020133154A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020133154A1/en
Priority to US17/360,780 priority patent/US20210328357A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H01Q15/0053—Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/001—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems for modifying the directional characteristic of an aerial
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/008—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems with a particular shape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/02—Details
    • H01Q19/021—Means for reducing undesirable effects

Definitions

  • This application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to an antenna, microwave equipment, and a communication system.
  • Microwave backhaul has the characteristics of rapid deployment and flexible installation, and is one of the solutions for mobile backhaul.
  • co-channel interference caused by different microwave devices operating in the same frequency band will severely limit the improvement of spectrum efficiency. Therefore, the suppression of co-channel interference signals has become one of the key issues that microwave devices need to solve urgently. .
  • the sending end pre-codes the transmitted signal to suppress downlink interference
  • the receiving end uses a digital baseband interference cancellation algorithm to suppress uplink interference. Whether it is the sending end or the receiving end, it will affect the target service signal.
  • the sending end needs to perform precoding according to the channel information fed back by the receiving end, and devices of different suppliers cannot communicate with each other at present, the solution is limited to use between receiving and sending devices of the same supplier, and the application scenarios are limited.
  • the present application provides an antenna, a microwave device applying the antenna, and a communication system, which can solve the problem that the interference suppression process affects the target service signal and the problem of limited scenarios.
  • the present application provides an antenna, including an antenna body and a filter assembly.
  • the antenna body has an antenna aperture, which is used to send and receive radio frequency signals (such as microwave signals) passing through the antenna aperture, and the antenna body has an optical axis.
  • the filtering component is located at the aperture of the antenna and is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis (it should be understood that the so-called “vertical” may be substantially vertical), which is used to filter the interference signal in the radio frequency signal.
  • the filtering component may include a filtering layer and a supporting component.
  • the filtering layer is formed of a lossy medium.
  • the supporting component is used to support the filtering layer, so that the filtering layer forms a louver-like spatial structure.
  • the filter assembly with a louver structure can suppress the combined electric field strength in the non-zero angle range, and realize the side lobe suppression of the antenna, thereby reducing the influence of the interference signal on the received target service signal.
  • the implementation complexity of the antenna is low, and it has almost no impact on the target service signal, and the application scenario is not limited (for example, the transceiver device is not limited by whether it is from the same supplier).
  • the filter layer includes a plurality of concentric circles at equal intervals, where the distance between any two adjacent concentric circles is greater than ⁇ /4, where ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal.
  • the filter layer includes a plurality of semicircles of increasing radius, and the two adjacent semicircles are connected end to end, where the distance between any two adjacent semicircles is greater than ⁇ /4, and ⁇ is the minimum operation of the RF signal The wavelength corresponding to the frequency.
  • the filter layer includes at least one Archimedes spiral, wherein the spiral pitch is greater than ⁇ /4, and ⁇ is a wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal.
  • the antenna further includes a radome, and the filter layer is attached to the aperture of the radome.
  • the filter layer can be attached to the inside of the caliber of the radome and protected by the radome to avoid environmental impact.
  • the support assembly includes a chassis and a support frame, and the support frame and the filter layer are matched.
  • the filter layer of softer material is supported by a support frame of suitable size, so that the filter layer forms an electromagnetic louver structure to realize antenna side lobe suppression, thereby reducing the influence of interference signals.
  • the chassis may be a disc or a cross.
  • the present application provides a microwave device.
  • the microwave device includes an antenna, an indoor unit, and an outdoor unit.
  • the antenna includes an antenna body and a filter assembly.
  • the antenna body has an antenna aperture, which is used to send and receive radio frequency signals (such as microwave signals) passing through the antenna aperture, and the antenna body has an optical axis.
  • the filtering component is located at the aperture of the antenna and is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis (it should be understood that the so-called “vertical” may be substantially vertical), which is used to filter the interference signal in the radio frequency signal.
  • the filtering component may include a filtering layer and a supporting component.
  • the filtering layer is formed of a lossy medium.
  • the supporting component is used to support the filtering layer, so that the filtering layer forms a louver-like spatial structure.
  • the filter assembly with a louver structure can suppress the combined electric field strength in the non-zero angle range, and realize the side lobe suppression of the antenna, thereby reducing the influence of the interference signal on the received target service signal.
  • the implementation complexity of the antenna is low, and it has almost no impact on the target service signal, and the application scenario is not limited (for example, the transceiver device is not limited by whether it is from the same supplier).
  • the filter layer includes a plurality of concentric circles at equal intervals, where the distance between any two adjacent concentric circles is greater than ⁇ /4, where ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal.
  • the filter layer includes a plurality of semicircles of increasing radius, and the two adjacent semicircles are connected end to end, where the distance between any two adjacent semicircles is greater than ⁇ /4, and ⁇ is the minimum operation of the RF signal The wavelength corresponding to the frequency.
  • the filter layer includes at least one Archimedes spiral, wherein the spiral pitch is greater than ⁇ /4, and ⁇ is a wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal.
  • the antenna further includes a radome, and the filter layer is attached to the aperture of the radome.
  • the filter layer can be attached to the inside of the caliber of the radome and protected by the radome to avoid environmental impact.
  • the support assembly includes a chassis and a support frame, and the support frame and the filter layer are matched.
  • the filter layer of softer material is supported by a support frame of suitable size, so that the filter layer forms an electromagnetic louver structure to realize antenna side lobe suppression, thereby reducing the influence of interference signals.
  • the chassis may be a disc or a cross.
  • the present application provides a communication system, characterized in that the communication system includes at least two microwave devices in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microwave network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 3C is a schematic structural diagram of another supporting assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 4C is a schematic structural diagram of another supporting assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 5C is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6C is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a comparison diagram of an antenna direction provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microwave network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the microwave network system 100 may include two or more microwave devices, and a microwave link between any two microwave devices.
  • the microwave devices can transmit and receive signals through antennas.
  • four antennas 101-104 are shown in the figure.
  • the antenna 101 and the antenna 102 may belong to the same microwave device or different microwave devices.
  • the microwave network system 100 can be used for backhaul or fronthaul of wireless signals, and the microwave devices to which the antenna 101 and the antenna 102 belong can be connected to the base station.
  • the antenna 101 transmits a downlink signal to the antenna 103 through the microwave link 105. If the relative angle ⁇ between the downlink signal direction of the antenna 101 and the antenna 104 is less than 90 degrees, and the antenna 104 and the antenna 101 work in the same frequency band, the downlink signal sent by the antenna 101 to the antenna 103 will generate a downlink interference signal to the antenna 104 .
  • the antenna 103 and the antenna 104 may belong to the same microwave device or different microwave devices.
  • the microwave equipment to which the antenna 103 and the antenna 104 belong may be connected to the base station controller or to the transmission equipment, such as optical network equipment, Ethernet equipment, and so on.
  • the antenna 102 When the microwave device of the antenna 102 is used as the receiving end, the antenna 102 receives the uplink signal from the antenna 104 through the microwave link 106. If the relative angle ⁇ between the uplink signal direction of the antenna 104 and the antenna 101 is less than 90 degrees, and the antenna 101 and the antenna 104 work in the same frequency band, the uplink signal sent by the antenna 104 to the antenna 102 will generate an uplink interference signal to the antenna 101 .
  • FIG. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the antenna 200 may include an antenna body 210 and a filter component 220.
  • the antenna body 210 has an antenna aperture 230 for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals passing through the antenna aperture 230, such as radio frequency signals or microwave signals.
  • the antenna body 210 may be an antenna of any structure in the prior art, such as a Cassegrain antenna, a parabolic antenna, or a lens antenna, or may be an antenna of any structure that may appear in the future.
  • the antenna aperture 230 is actually an equivalent surface of the front end of the antenna.
  • the antenna aperture may be a circular surface formed by the front end of the reflection surface.
  • the antenna aperture (or effective area) is a parameter indicating the efficiency of the antenna receiving electromagnetic wave power.
  • the antenna aperture is the area perpendicular to the direction of the incident electromagnetic wave and effectively intercepts the incident radio wave energy.
  • the antenna body 210 may include a series of optical elements.
  • the Cassegrain antenna may include a feed, a main reflective surface, and a secondary reflective surface;
  • the parabolic antenna may include a feed and a reflective surface;
  • the lens antenna may include a feed and a lens.
  • the antenna body 210 may be an optical system, and has an optical axis 240, which is an imaginary line in the optical system, which defines how the optical system transmits light.
  • the filter component 220 is located near the antenna aperture 230, and may be located exactly at the position of the antenna aperture 230, or may be offset from the position of the antenna aperture 230 within a certain range.
  • the antenna 200 may further include a radome (not shown in the figure) for protecting the antenna from interference from the external environment.
  • the filter component 220 can also be attached to the aperture of the radome, can be integrally formed with the radome, or can be used as an independent component.
  • the filtering component 220 includes a filtering layer and a supporting component, wherein the filtering layer is formed of a lossy medium.
  • Lossy media are usually materials that have a greater loss of electromagnetic waves, such as absorbing materials. Since the material of the lossy medium is relatively soft, a supporting component is needed to support it, so that the filter layer forms a spatial structure similar to a blind, so as to filter the interference signal.
  • the supporting component can use materials with good wave-transmitting properties, such as ABS plastic and glass steel.
  • the antenna 200 may be applied to the transmitting device, the interference signal is absorbed after passing through the filtering component 220, and the target service signal may be directly transmitted through the filtering component 220.
  • the filter component with a louver structure suppresses the combined electric field strength in the non-zero angle range, and achieves antenna side lobe suppression to achieve the purpose of suppressing interference signals.
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2B, the transmission direction of the target service signal and the interference signal is opposite to the direction in FIG. 2A.
  • the interference signal in the embodiment of the present invention may be a co-frequency interference signal or a non-co-frequency interference signal.
  • FIG. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electromagnetic shutter may include a plurality of concentric circles 301 at equal intervals.
  • the radius of the first concentric circle 301 is r
  • the radius of the second concentric circle 301 is 2*r
  • the radius of the Nth concentric circle 301 is N*r.
  • N*r can also be slightly smaller than R.
  • FIG. 3B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and can be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 3A.
  • the support assembly may include a chassis 302 and a plurality of equally-spaced concentric circles 303 (support frames).
  • the radius of the concentric circle 303 is adapted to the radius of the concentric circle 301 of the electromagnetic shutter, and the concentric circle 301 is covered on the inner diameter side (or outer diameter side) of the concentric circle 303. If the concentric circle 301 covers the inner diameter side of the concentric circle 303, the outer diameter of the concentric circle 301 and the inner diameter of the concentric circle 303 are the same.
  • the concentric circle 301 covers the outer diameter side of the concentric circle 303, the inner diameter of the concentric circle 301 and the outer diameter of the concentric circle 303 are the same.
  • the number of concentric circles 303 and the number of concentric circles 301 may be the same, and the height h of the concentric circle 303 and the height h of the concentric circle 301 may be the same.
  • the height H of the chassis 302 and the thickness d of the concentric circles 303 are as small as possible, thereby reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 3C is a schematic structural diagram of another support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and can also be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 3A.
  • 3C is different from FIG. 3B in that the chassis 302 can be replaced with a cross 304.
  • the cross 304 can be realized with the same material as the chassis 302.
  • the electromagnetic louver may include a plurality of semicircles 401 with increasing radii, and the adjacent two semicircles are alternately connected end to end.
  • the radius of the first semicircle 401 is r/2
  • the radius of the second semicircle 401 is r
  • the radius of the Nth semicircle 401 is N*r/2.
  • the radius r and the number N of the semicircle 401 need to be designed according to the antenna aperture, that is, N*r/2 ⁇ R, where R is the aperture radius of the antenna.
  • the distance r> ⁇ /4 between two adjacent semicircles 401 where ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave.
  • ⁇ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave.
  • the height of the semicircle 401 is h, and the height h and the thickness d of each semicircle 401 are the same as much as possible.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention, for supporting a shutter structure shown in FIG. 4A.
  • the support assembly may include a chassis 402 and a plurality of semi-circles 403 (support frames) of increasing radius.
  • the chassis 402 is similar to the chassis 302, the radius of the semicircle 403 matches the radius of the semicircle 401, and the semicircle 403 is covered on the inner diameter side (or outer diameter side) of the semicircle 401. If the semicircle 401 covers the inner diameter side of the semicircle 403, the outer diameter of the semicircle 401 and the inner diameter of the semicircle 403 are the same.
  • the semicircle 401 covers the outer diameter side of the semicircle 403, the inner diameter of the semicircle 401 and the outer diameter of the semicircle 403 are the same.
  • the number of semicircles 403 and the number of semicircles 401 may be the same, and the height h of the semicircle 403 and the height h of the semicircle 401 may be the same.
  • the height H of the chassis 402 and the thickness d of the semicircle 403 are as small as possible, thereby reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 4C is a schematic structural diagram of another supporting assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and can also be used to support a louver structure shown in FIG. 4A.
  • the difference between FIG. 4C and FIG. 4B is that the chassis 402 can be replaced with a cross 404.
  • the cross 404 can be realized with the same material as the chassis 402.
  • the electromagnetic shutter may include an Archimedes spiral 501.
  • the spiral pitch is r
  • the spiral pitch r and the number of turns N need to be designed according to the antenna aperture, that is, N*r ⁇ R, where R is the radius of the antenna aperture.
  • the height of the Archimedes spiral 501 is h
  • the height h and thickness d of each circle are as close as possible.
  • FIG. 5B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and can be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the support assembly may include a chassis 502 and an Archimedes screw 503 (support frame).
  • the size of the Archimedes spiral 503 matches the size of the Archimedes spiral 501 of the electromagnetic shutter, and the Archimedes spiral 501 covers the inner diameter side (or outer diameter side) of the Archimedes spiral 503. If the Archimedes spiral 501 covers the inner diameter side of the Archimedes spiral 503, the outer diameter of the Archimedes spiral 501 and the inner diameter of the Archimedes spiral 503 are the same.
  • the Archimedes spiral 501 covers the outer diameter side of the Archimedes spiral 503, the inner diameter of the Archimedes spiral 501 and the outer diameter of the Archimedes spiral 503 are the same.
  • the number of turns of the Archimedes spiral 503 and the number of turns of the Archimedes spiral 301 may be the same, and the height h of the Archimedes spiral 503 and the height h of the Archimedes spiral 301 may be the same.
  • the height H of the chassis 502 and the thickness d of the Archimedes spiral 503 are as small as possible, thereby reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 5C is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and can be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 5A.
  • 5C and 5B are different in that the chassis 502 can be replaced with a cross 504.
  • the cross 504 can be realized with the same material as the chassis 502.
  • FIG. 6A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electromagnetic shutter may include two superimposed Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b.
  • the pitch of a single spiral is 2*r
  • the pitch of two spirals superimposed is r
  • the number of turns N of each spiral needs to be designed according to the antenna aperture, that is, 2N*r ⁇ R, where R is the radius of the antenna aperture.
  • the height of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b is h, and the height h and thickness d of each circle are as close as possible.
  • the greater the height h and the greater the thickness d the better the side lobe suppression effect, but the greater the antenna gain loss, the two indicators of side lobe suppression effect and antenna gain loss need to be considered together to determine the Archimedes spiral The height h and thickness d of 501.
  • FIG. 6B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and can be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 6A.
  • the support assembly may include a chassis 602 and two Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b (support frames).
  • the size of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b matches the size of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b of the electromagnetic shutters. (Or outside diameter side).
  • the outer diameters of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b are the same as the inner diameters of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b. If the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b cover the outer diameter sides of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b, the internal diameters of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b are the same as the external diameters of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b.
  • the number of turns of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b can be the same as the number of turns of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b, and the height h of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b and the heights of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b h can be the same.
  • the height H of the chassis 602 and the thickness d of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b are as small as possible, thereby reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves.
  • FIG. 6C is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and can be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 6A.
  • the difference between FIG. 6C and FIG. 6B is that the chassis 602 can be replaced with a cross 604.
  • the cross 604 can be realized with the same material as the chassis 602.
  • the microwave device 700 may include an antenna 701, an outdoor unit (ODU) 702, an indoor unit (IDU) 703, and an intermediate frequency cable 704.
  • the microwave device 700 may include one or more antennas 701.
  • the ODU 702 and the IDU 703 can be connected by an intermediate frequency cable 704, and the ODU 702 and the antenna 701 can be connected by a feed waveguide.
  • the antenna 701 can be implemented by using any one of the antennas in the foregoing embodiments, including the antenna body and the filter component.
  • the antenna 701 mainly provides the directional transmission and reception function of the radio frequency signal, and realizes the conversion between the radio frequency signal generated or received by the ODU 702 and the radio frequency signal in the atmospheric space.
  • the antenna 701 converts the radio frequency signal output by the ODU 702 into a directional radio frequency signal to radiate into space.
  • the antenna 701 receives the radio frequency signal in the space, focuses the radio frequency signal, and transmits it to the ODU 702.
  • the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be an antenna in the transmission direction or an antenna in the reception direction.
  • the antenna 701 receives a radio frequency signal radiated from space.
  • the radio frequency signal includes a target service signal and an interference signal, and the interference signal is filtered by a filter component.
  • the filter component includes a filter layer and a support component. The dissipation medium is formed, and the supporting component is used to support the filter layer, so that the filter layer forms a spatial structure similar to a blind.
  • the antenna 701 receives the radio frequency signal filtered by the filtering component, and then sends it to the ODU 702.
  • the antenna 701 receives a radio frequency signal from the ODU 702, the radio frequency signal includes a target service signal and an interference signal, and filters the interference signal through a filtering component.
  • the antenna 701 sends the radio frequency signal filtered by the filtering component.
  • the ODU 702 may include an intermediate frequency module, a sending module, a receiving module, a multiplexer, a duplexer, and so on.
  • ODU702 mainly provides the conversion function between the intermediate frequency analog signal and the radio frequency signal.
  • ODU 702 up-converts and amplifies the intermediate frequency analog signal from IDU 703, converts it into a radio frequency signal of a specific frequency, and sends it to antenna 701.
  • ODU 702 down-converts and amplifies the radio frequency signal received from antenna 701, converts it to an intermediate frequency analog signal, and sends it to IDU 703.
  • IDU703 can include single-board types such as main control switching clock board, intermediate frequency board, and service board. It can provide Gigabit Ethernet (GE) services and synchronous transfer mode-1 (synchronous transfer module-1, STM-1) services. Interface with multiple services such as E1 services. IDU703 mainly provides business signal baseband processing, baseband signal and intermediate frequency analog signal conversion function. In the transmission direction, IDU 703 modulates the baseband digital signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal. In the receiving direction, IDU703 demodulates and digitizes the received intermediate frequency analog signal and decomposes it into a baseband digital signal.
  • GE Gigabit Ethernet
  • STM-1 synchronous transfer module-1
  • the microwave device 700 may be a split type microwave device, that is, the IDU 703 is placed indoors, the ODU 702 and the antenna 701 are assembled together, and placed outdoors.
  • the microwave device 700 may also be an all-outdoor microwave device, that is, the ODU 702, IDU 703, and antenna 701 are all placed outdoors.
  • the microwave device 700 may also be an all-indoor microwave device, that is, the ODU 702 and IDU 703 are placed indoors, and the antenna 701 is placed outdoors.
  • ODU702 can also be called a radio frequency module
  • IDU703 can also be called a baseband.
  • the antenna provided by the implementation of the present invention is applied to microwave equipment, and the filter component with a louver structure suppresses the electric field intensity synthesized in the non-zero angle range, and realizes antenna side lobe suppression, which can have little impact on the target service signal. Improve the equipment's anti-interference ability.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the network device 801 and the network device 802 communicate normally, and the interference source 803 has a lateral offset distance L relative to the network device 801, which is equivalent to a lateral offset Shift angle ⁇ .
  • interference signals with ⁇ greater than 5 degrees will be significantly suppressed.
  • FIG. 9 is a comparison diagram of an antenna direction provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the solid line represents the direction diagram of the antenna that adopts the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention
  • the broken line represents the direction diagram of the antenna that does not adopt the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the antenna side lobe is suppressed in the antenna pattern using the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

Abstract

Provided are an antenna, a microwave device and a communication system. The antenna comprises an antenna body and a filtering component. The antenna body is provided with an antenna aperture and is used for transceiving a radio frequency signal that passes through the antenna aperture, and the antenna body is provided with an optical axis; the filtering component is positioned at the antenna aperture, is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis, and is used for filtering out an interference signal from the radio frequency signal; the filtering component comprises a filtering layer and a support component; the filtering layer is formed of a lossy medium; and the support component is used for supporting the filtering layer, such that the filtering layer forms a space structure similar to shutters. The antenna provided in the embodiments of the present invention can suppress antenna sidelobes, and can solve the problem of a target service signal being impacted during an interference suppression process, such that the application scenario thereof is not limited.

Description

一种天线、微波设备和通信系统Antenna, microwave equipment and communication system 技术领域Technical field
本申请涉及通信领域，尤其涉及一种天线、微波设备和通信系统。This application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to an antenna, microwave equipment, and a communication system.
背景技术Background technique
随着通信网络技术的发展，数据流量越来越大，而基站站址的部署成本越来越高，因此，需要充分利用现有站址的频谱效率。微波回传具有快速部署、安装灵活特点，为移动回传的解决方案之一。随着基站密度的不断增加，不同的微波设备工作在相同的频段而产生的同频干扰将会严重限制频谱效率的提升，因此，同频干扰信号的抑制成为微波设备急需解决的关键问题之一。With the development of communication network technology, data traffic is increasing, and the deployment cost of base station sites is getting higher and higher. Therefore, it is necessary to make full use of the spectrum efficiency of the existing site. Microwave backhaul has the characteristics of rapid deployment and flexible installation, and is one of the solutions for mobile backhaul. As the density of base stations continues to increase, co-channel interference caused by different microwave devices operating in the same frequency band will severely limit the improvement of spectrum efficiency. Therefore, the suppression of co-channel interference signals has become one of the key issues that microwave devices need to solve urgently. .
现有技术中，发送端通过对发射信号进行预编码来抑制下行干扰，以及接收端利用数字基带干扰抵消算法来抑制上行干扰。不管是发送端还是接收端，都对目标业务信号造成影响。另外，由于发送端需要根据接收端的反馈的信道信息进行预编码，而目前不同供应商的设备之间无法互通，所以该方案仅限于同一供应商的收发设备之间使用，应用场景有限。In the prior art, the sending end pre-codes the transmitted signal to suppress downlink interference, and the receiving end uses a digital baseband interference cancellation algorithm to suppress uplink interference. Whether it is the sending end or the receiving end, it will affect the target service signal. In addition, since the sending end needs to perform precoding according to the channel information fed back by the receiving end, and devices of different suppliers cannot communicate with each other at present, the solution is limited to use between receiving and sending devices of the same supplier, and the application scenarios are limited.
发明内容Summary of the invention
有鉴于此，本申请提供一种天线、应用该天线的微波设备和通信系统，可以解决干扰抑制的过程对目标业务信号造成影响的问题以及场景受限的问题。In view of this, the present application provides an antenna, a microwave device applying the antenna, and a communication system, which can solve the problem that the interference suppression process affects the target service signal and the problem of limited scenarios.
第一方面，本申请提供一种天线，包括天线本体和滤波组件。其中，天线本体具有天线口径，用于收发经过天线口径的射频信号(例如微波信号)，且天线本体具有光轴。滤波组件位于天线口径处，并且垂直于光轴设置(应理解，所谓的“垂直”可以是大致垂直)，用于过滤射频信号中的干扰信号。滤波组件可以包括滤波层和支撑组件，滤波层由有耗介质形成，支撑组件用于支撑滤波层，使得滤波层形成类似百叶窗的空间结构。本发明实施例中，通过具有百叶窗结构的滤波组件，可以抑制非零角度范围的合成电场强度，实现天线的旁瓣抑制，从而降低了干扰信号对接收到的目标业务信号的影响。该天线实现复杂度低，对目标业务信号几乎没有影响，应用场景不受限制(例如，收发设备不受是否来源于同一供应商的限制)。In a first aspect, the present application provides an antenna, including an antenna body and a filter assembly. Wherein, the antenna body has an antenna aperture, which is used to send and receive radio frequency signals (such as microwave signals) passing through the antenna aperture, and the antenna body has an optical axis. The filtering component is located at the aperture of the antenna and is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis (it should be understood that the so-called "vertical" may be substantially vertical), which is used to filter the interference signal in the radio frequency signal. The filtering component may include a filtering layer and a supporting component. The filtering layer is formed of a lossy medium. The supporting component is used to support the filtering layer, so that the filtering layer forms a louver-like spatial structure. In the embodiment of the present invention, the filter assembly with a louver structure can suppress the combined electric field strength in the non-zero angle range, and realize the side lobe suppression of the antenna, thereby reducing the influence of the interference signal on the received target service signal. The implementation complexity of the antenna is low, and it has almost no impact on the target service signal, and the application scenario is not limited (for example, the transceiver device is not limited by whether it is from the same supplier).
在一种可能的实现方式中，滤波层包括多个等间距的同心圆，其中，任意相邻两个同心圆的间距大于λ/4，λ为射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。通过多个等间距的同心圆，可以实现电磁百叶窗的结构，实现天线旁瓣抑制。In a possible implementation, the filter layer includes a plurality of concentric circles at equal intervals, where the distance between any two adjacent concentric circles is greater than λ/4, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal. Through multiple concentric circles at equal intervals, the structure of the electromagnetic shutter can be realized, and the side lobe of the antenna can be suppressed.
在一种可能的实现方式中，滤波层包括多个半径递增的半圆，相邻两个半圆之间首尾相连，其中，任意相邻两个半圆的间距大于λ/4，λ为射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。通过多个半径递交的半圆，可以实现电磁百叶窗的结构，实现天线旁瓣抑制。In a possible implementation, the filter layer includes a plurality of semicircles of increasing radius, and the two adjacent semicircles are connected end to end, where the distance between any two adjacent semicircles is greater than λ/4, and λ is the minimum operation of the RF signal The wavelength corresponding to the frequency. Through the semicircles submitted by multiple radii, the structure of the electromagnetic shutter can be realized, and the side lobe of the antenna can be suppressed.
在一种可能的实现方式中，滤波层包括至少一个阿基米德螺旋，其中，螺旋间距大于λ/4，λ为所述射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。通过阿基米德螺旋，可以实现电磁百叶窗的结构，实现天线旁瓣抑制。In a possible implementation manner, the filter layer includes at least one Archimedes spiral, wherein the spiral pitch is greater than λ/4, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal. Through the Archimedes spiral, the structure of the electromagnetic shutter can be realized, and the side lobe of the antenna can be suppressed.
在一种可能的实现方式中，天线还包括天线罩，滤波层贴在天线罩的口径处。滤波层可以贴在天线罩的口径内侧，受天线罩的保护，避免了环境的影响。In a possible implementation, the antenna further includes a radome, and the filter layer is attached to the aperture of the radome. The filter layer can be attached to the inside of the caliber of the radome and protected by the radome to avoid environmental impact.
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑组件包括底盘和支撑架，支撑架和滤波层相适配。通过 尺寸适配的支撑架支撑材质较软的滤波层，使得滤波层形成电磁百叶窗结构，实现天线旁瓣抑制，从而降低了干扰信号的影响。In a possible implementation manner, the support assembly includes a chassis and a support frame, and the support frame and the filter layer are matched. The filter layer of softer material is supported by a support frame of suitable size, so that the filter layer forms an electromagnetic louver structure to realize antenna side lobe suppression, thereby reducing the influence of interference signals.
在一种可能的实现方式中，底盘可以为圆盘或十字架。In a possible implementation, the chassis may be a disc or a cross.
第二方面，本申请提供一种微波设备，该微波设备包括：天线、室内单元和室外单元，该天线包括天线本体和滤波组件。其中，天线本体具有天线口径，用于收发经过天线口径的射频信号(例如微波信号)，且天线本体具有光轴。滤波组件位于天线口径处，并且垂直于光轴设置(应理解，所谓的“垂直”可以是大致垂直)，用于过滤射频信号中的干扰信号。滤波组件可以包括滤波层和支撑组件，滤波层由有耗介质形成，支撑组件用于支撑滤波层，使得滤波层形成类似百叶窗的空间结构。本发明实施例中，通过具有百叶窗结构的滤波组件，可以抑制非零角度范围的合成电场强度，实现天线的旁瓣抑制，从而降低了干扰信号对接收到的目标业务信号的影响。该天线实现复杂度低，对目标业务信号几乎没有影响，应用场景不受限制(例如，收发设备不受是否来源于同一供应商的限制)。In a second aspect, the present application provides a microwave device. The microwave device includes an antenna, an indoor unit, and an outdoor unit. The antenna includes an antenna body and a filter assembly. Wherein, the antenna body has an antenna aperture, which is used to send and receive radio frequency signals (such as microwave signals) passing through the antenna aperture, and the antenna body has an optical axis. The filtering component is located at the aperture of the antenna and is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis (it should be understood that the so-called "vertical" may be substantially vertical), which is used to filter the interference signal in the radio frequency signal. The filtering component may include a filtering layer and a supporting component. The filtering layer is formed of a lossy medium. The supporting component is used to support the filtering layer, so that the filtering layer forms a louver-like spatial structure. In the embodiment of the present invention, the filter assembly with a louver structure can suppress the combined electric field strength in the non-zero angle range, and realize the side lobe suppression of the antenna, thereby reducing the influence of the interference signal on the received target service signal. The implementation complexity of the antenna is low, and it has almost no impact on the target service signal, and the application scenario is not limited (for example, the transceiver device is not limited by whether it is from the same supplier).
在一种可能的实现方式中，滤波层包括多个等间距的同心圆，其中，任意相邻两个同心圆的间距大于λ/4，λ为射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。通过多个等间距的同心圆，可以实现电磁百叶窗的结构，实现天线旁瓣抑制。In a possible implementation, the filter layer includes a plurality of concentric circles at equal intervals, where the distance between any two adjacent concentric circles is greater than λ/4, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal. Through multiple concentric circles at equal intervals, the structure of the electromagnetic shutter can be realized, and the side lobe of the antenna can be suppressed.
在一种可能的实现方式中，滤波层包括多个半径递增的半圆，相邻两个半圆之间首尾相连，其中，任意相邻两个半圆的间距大于λ/4，λ为射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。通过多个半径递交的半圆，可以实现电磁百叶窗的结构，实现天线旁瓣抑制。In a possible implementation, the filter layer includes a plurality of semicircles of increasing radius, and the two adjacent semicircles are connected end to end, where the distance between any two adjacent semicircles is greater than λ/4, and λ is the minimum operation of the RF signal The wavelength corresponding to the frequency. Through the semicircles submitted by multiple radii, the structure of the electromagnetic shutter can be realized, and the side lobe of the antenna can be suppressed.
在一种可能的实现方式中，滤波层包括至少一个阿基米德螺旋，其中，螺旋间距大于λ/4，λ为所述射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。通过阿基米德螺旋，可以实现电磁百叶窗的结构，实现天线旁瓣抑制。In a possible implementation manner, the filter layer includes at least one Archimedes spiral, wherein the spiral pitch is greater than λ/4, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal. Through the Archimedes spiral, the structure of the electromagnetic shutter can be realized, and the side lobe of the antenna can be suppressed.
在一种可能的实现方式中，天线还包括天线罩，滤波层贴在天线罩的口径处。滤波层可以贴在天线罩的口径内侧，受天线罩的保护，避免了环境的影响。In a possible implementation, the antenna further includes a radome, and the filter layer is attached to the aperture of the radome. The filter layer can be attached to the inside of the caliber of the radome and protected by the radome to avoid environmental impact.
在一种可能的实现方式中，支撑组件包括底盘和支撑架，支撑架和滤波层相适配。通过尺寸适配的支撑架支撑材质较软的滤波层，使得滤波层形成电磁百叶窗结构，实现天线旁瓣抑制，从而降低了干扰信号的影响。In a possible implementation manner, the support assembly includes a chassis and a support frame, and the support frame and the filter layer are matched. The filter layer of softer material is supported by a support frame of suitable size, so that the filter layer forms an electromagnetic louver structure to realize antenna side lobe suppression, thereby reducing the influence of interference signals.
在一种可能的实现方式中，底盘可以为圆盘或十字架。In a possible implementation, the chassis may be a disc or a cross.
第三方面，本申请提供一种通信系统，其特征在于，该通信系统包括至少两个如第二方面或第二方面任意一种可能的实现方式中的微波设备。In a third aspect, the present application provides a communication system, characterized in that the communication system includes at least two microwave devices in the second aspect or any possible implementation manner of the second aspect.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION
为了说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对描述实施例时所使用的附图作简单的介绍。In order to explain the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in describing the embodiments will be briefly described below.
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种微波网络架构的示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of a microwave network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2A为本发明实施例提供的一种天线的结构示意图；2A is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2B为本发明实施例提供的一种天线的结构示意图；2B is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3A为本发明实施例提供的一种电磁百叶窗的结构示意图；3A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3B为本发明实施例中提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图；3B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3C为本发明实施例提供的另一种支撑组件的结构示意图；3C is a schematic structural diagram of another supporting assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4A为本发明实施例提供的一种电磁百叶窗的结构示意图；4A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4B为本发明实施例提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图；4B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4C为本发明实施例提供的另一种支撑组件的结构示意图；4C is a schematic structural diagram of another supporting assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5A为本发明实施例提供的一种电磁百叶窗的结构示意图；5A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5B为本发明实施例中提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图；5B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图5C为本发明实施例提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图；5C is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6A为本发明实施例提供的一种电磁百叶窗的结构示意图；6A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6B为本发明实施例中提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图；6B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图6C为本发明实施例提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图；6C is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种微波设备结构示意图；7 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种应用场景的网络架构示意图；8 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明实施例提供的一种天线方向对比图。9 is a comparison diagram of an antenna direction provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.
首先介绍本发明实施例一种可能的应用场景。图1为本发明实施例提供的一种微波网络架构的示意图。如图1所示，微波网络系统100可以包括两个或两个以上的微波设备，以及任意两个微波设备之间的微波链路。微波设备之间可以通过天线进行收发信号，例如图中示出了4个天线101-104。天线101和天线102，可以属于同一个微波设备，也可以属于不同的微波设备。微波网络系统100可以用于无线信号的回传或前传，天线101和天线102所属的微波设备可以与基站相连。天线101的微波设备作为发送端时，天线101通过微波链路105向天线103发送下行信号。如果天线101的下行信号方向和天线104之间的相对角度α小于90度，并且天线104和天线101工作于相同的频段，则天线101向天线103发送的下行信号会对天线104产生下行干扰信号。天线103和天线104可以属于同一个微波设备，也可也属于不同的微波设备。天线103和天线104所属的微波设备可以与基站控制器相连，或者与传送设备相连，例如光网络设备、以太网设备等。天线102的微波设备作为接收端时，天线102通过微波链路106接收来自天线104的上行信号。如果天线104的上行信号方向和天线101之间的相对角度β小于90度，并且天线101和天线104工作于相同的频段，则天线104向天线102发送的上行信号会对天线101产生上行干扰信号。First, a possible application scenario of an embodiment of the present invention is introduced. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microwave network architecture provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the microwave network system 100 may include two or more microwave devices, and a microwave link between any two microwave devices. The microwave devices can transmit and receive signals through antennas. For example, four antennas 101-104 are shown in the figure. The antenna 101 and the antenna 102 may belong to the same microwave device or different microwave devices. The microwave network system 100 can be used for backhaul or fronthaul of wireless signals, and the microwave devices to which the antenna 101 and the antenna 102 belong can be connected to the base station. When the microwave device of the antenna 101 is used as the transmitting end, the antenna 101 transmits a downlink signal to the antenna 103 through the microwave link 105. If the relative angle α between the downlink signal direction of the antenna 101 and the antenna 104 is less than 90 degrees, and the antenna 104 and the antenna 101 work in the same frequency band, the downlink signal sent by the antenna 101 to the antenna 103 will generate a downlink interference signal to the antenna 104 . The antenna 103 and the antenna 104 may belong to the same microwave device or different microwave devices. The microwave equipment to which the antenna 103 and the antenna 104 belong may be connected to the base station controller or to the transmission equipment, such as optical network equipment, Ethernet equipment, and so on. When the microwave device of the antenna 102 is used as the receiving end, the antenna 102 receives the uplink signal from the antenna 104 through the microwave link 106. If the relative angle β between the uplink signal direction of the antenna 104 and the antenna 101 is less than 90 degrees, and the antenna 101 and the antenna 104 work in the same frequency band, the uplink signal sent by the antenna 104 to the antenna 102 will generate an uplink interference signal to the antenna 101 .
本发明实施例提供了一种天线，可以应用到微波设备中，提高微波设备的抗干扰能力。图2A为本发明实施例提供的一种天线的结构示意图，如图2A所示，天线200可以包括天线本体210和滤波组件220。天线本体210具有天线口径230，用于收发经过天线口径230的电磁波信号，例如射频信号或微波信号。天线本体210可以是现有技术中的任意一种结构的天线，例如卡塞格伦天线、抛物面天线、透镜天线等，也可以是未来可能出现的任意一种结构的天线。天线口径230实际上是天线前端的一个等效面，例如，在抛物面天线中，天线口径可以为反射面前端形成的圆形面。天线口径(或者有效面积)是表示天线接收电磁波功率的效率的参数。天线口径为垂直于入射电磁波方向，并且有效截获入射无线电波能量的面积。天线本体210可以包括一系列的光学元件，例如，卡塞格伦天线可以包括馈源、主反射面和副反射面；抛物面天线可以包括馈源和反射面；透镜天线可以包括馈源和透镜。天线本体210可以是一个光学系统，并且具有光轴240，光轴240是光学系统中一条假想的线，定义光学系统如何传导光线。滤波组件220位于天线口径230附近，可以正好位于天线口径230的位置，也可以在一定范围内偏离天线口径230的位置。可选的，天线200还可以包括天线罩(图中未示出)，用于保护天线免受外界环境的干扰。滤波组件220也可以贴在天线罩的口径处，可以和天线罩一体成型，也可以作为一个独立的组件。滤波组件220包括滤波层和支撑组件， 其中，滤波层由有耗介质形成。有耗介质通常是对电磁波损耗较大的材料，例如吸波材料。由于有耗介质材质比较软，需要一个支撑组件来支撑，使得滤波层形成类似百叶窗的空间结构，以实现对干扰信号的过滤。支撑组件可以使用透波性能良好的材料，例如ABS塑料、玻璃钢等。天线200可以应用于发送端设备，干扰信号经过滤波组件220后被吸收，而目标业务信号可以直接透射通过滤波组件220。通过具有百叶窗结构的滤波组件抑制了非零角度范围的合成电场强度，实现了天线旁瓣抑制，以达到干扰信号抑制的目的。An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna, which can be applied to a microwave device to improve the anti-interference ability of the microwave device. FIG. 2A is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2A, the antenna 200 may include an antenna body 210 and a filter component 220. The antenna body 210 has an antenna aperture 230 for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic wave signals passing through the antenna aperture 230, such as radio frequency signals or microwave signals. The antenna body 210 may be an antenna of any structure in the prior art, such as a Cassegrain antenna, a parabolic antenna, or a lens antenna, or may be an antenna of any structure that may appear in the future. The antenna aperture 230 is actually an equivalent surface of the front end of the antenna. For example, in a parabolic antenna, the antenna aperture may be a circular surface formed by the front end of the reflection surface. The antenna aperture (or effective area) is a parameter indicating the efficiency of the antenna receiving electromagnetic wave power. The antenna aperture is the area perpendicular to the direction of the incident electromagnetic wave and effectively intercepts the incident radio wave energy. The antenna body 210 may include a series of optical elements. For example, the Cassegrain antenna may include a feed, a main reflective surface, and a secondary reflective surface; the parabolic antenna may include a feed and a reflective surface; and the lens antenna may include a feed and a lens. The antenna body 210 may be an optical system, and has an optical axis 240, which is an imaginary line in the optical system, which defines how the optical system transmits light. The filter component 220 is located near the antenna aperture 230, and may be located exactly at the position of the antenna aperture 230, or may be offset from the position of the antenna aperture 230 within a certain range. Optionally, the antenna 200 may further include a radome (not shown in the figure) for protecting the antenna from interference from the external environment. The filter component 220 can also be attached to the aperture of the radome, can be integrally formed with the radome, or can be used as an independent component. The filtering component 220 includes a filtering layer and a supporting component, wherein the filtering layer is formed of a lossy medium. Lossy media are usually materials that have a greater loss of electromagnetic waves, such as absorbing materials. Since the material of the lossy medium is relatively soft, a supporting component is needed to support it, so that the filter layer forms a spatial structure similar to a blind, so as to filter the interference signal. The supporting component can use materials with good wave-transmitting properties, such as ABS plastic and glass steel. The antenna 200 may be applied to the transmitting device, the interference signal is absorbed after passing through the filtering component 220, and the target service signal may be directly transmitted through the filtering component 220. The filter component with a louver structure suppresses the combined electric field strength in the non-zero angle range, and achieves antenna side lobe suppression to achieve the purpose of suppressing interference signals.
天线200也可以应用于接收端设备，图2B为本发明实施例提供的一种天线的结构示意图。如图2B所示，目标业务信号和干扰信号的传输方向和图2A中的方向相反。本发明实施例中的干扰信号可以为同频干扰信号，也可以为非同频干扰信号。The antenna 200 can also be applied to the receiving end device. FIG. 2B is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2B, the transmission direction of the target service signal and the interference signal is opposite to the direction in FIG. 2A. The interference signal in the embodiment of the present invention may be a co-frequency interference signal or a non-co-frequency interference signal.
滤波层可以采用多种方式来实现电磁百叶窗结构，图3A为本发明实施例提供的一种电磁百叶窗的结构示意图。如图3A所示，从正视图可以看出，电磁百叶窗可以包括多个等间距的同心圆301。从圆心开始往外的方向上，第一个同心圆301的半径为r，第二个同心圆301的半径为2*r，第N个同心圆301的半径为N*r。而且同心圆301的半径r和个数N需要根据天线口径来进行设计，即N*r＝R，其中R为天线口径的半径。当然，N*r也可以略小于R。此外，相邻两个同心圆301的间距r>λ/4，其中λ为电磁波最小工作频率对应的波长。从侧视图可以看出同心圆301的高度为h，每个同心圆301的高度h和厚度d尽量相同。一般来说，高度h越大，厚度d越大，旁瓣抑制效果越好，但是天线增益损失也越大，需要综合考虑旁瓣抑制效果和天线增益损失两个指标来确定同心圆301的高度h和厚度d。The filter layer may use various methods to realize the electromagnetic shutter structure. FIG. 3A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3A, it can be seen from the front view that the electromagnetic shutter may include a plurality of concentric circles 301 at equal intervals. In the outward direction from the center of the circle, the radius of the first concentric circle 301 is r, the radius of the second concentric circle 301 is 2*r, and the radius of the Nth concentric circle 301 is N*r. Moreover, the radius r and the number N of the concentric circles 301 need to be designed according to the antenna aperture, that is, N*r=R, where R is the radius of the antenna aperture. Of course, N*r can also be slightly smaller than R. In addition, the distance r>λ/4 between two adjacent concentric circles 301, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave. It can be seen from the side view that the height of the concentric circles 301 is h, and the height h and the thickness d of each concentric circle 301 are as close as possible. In general, the greater the height h and the greater the thickness d, the better the side lobe suppression effect, but the greater the antenna gain loss, the two indicators of the side lobe suppression effect and antenna gain loss need to be comprehensively considered to determine the height of the concentric circle 301 h and thickness d.
图3B为本发明实施例中提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图，可以用于支撑如图3A所示的电磁百叶窗结构。如图3B所示，支撑组件可以包括底盘302和多个等间距同心圆303(支撑架)。同心圆303的半径与电磁百叶窗的同心圆301的半径相适配，将同心圆301覆于同心圆303的内径侧(或外径侧)。如果同心圆301覆于同心圆303的内径侧，则同心圆301的外径和同心圆303的内径相同。如果同心圆301覆于同心圆303的外径侧，则同心圆301的内径和同心圆303的外径相同。同心圆303的数量和同心圆301的数量可以相同，并且，同心圆303的高度h和同心圆301的高度h可以是相同的。底盘302的高度H和同心圆303的厚度d尽可能小，从而减少电磁波的反射。FIG. 3B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and can be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 3A. As shown in FIG. 3B, the support assembly may include a chassis 302 and a plurality of equally-spaced concentric circles 303 (support frames). The radius of the concentric circle 303 is adapted to the radius of the concentric circle 301 of the electromagnetic shutter, and the concentric circle 301 is covered on the inner diameter side (or outer diameter side) of the concentric circle 303. If the concentric circle 301 covers the inner diameter side of the concentric circle 303, the outer diameter of the concentric circle 301 and the inner diameter of the concentric circle 303 are the same. If the concentric circle 301 covers the outer diameter side of the concentric circle 303, the inner diameter of the concentric circle 301 and the outer diameter of the concentric circle 303 are the same. The number of concentric circles 303 and the number of concentric circles 301 may be the same, and the height h of the concentric circle 303 and the height h of the concentric circle 301 may be the same. The height H of the chassis 302 and the thickness d of the concentric circles 303 are as small as possible, thereby reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves.
图3C为本发明实施例提供的另一种支撑组件的结构示意图，也可以用于支撑如图3A所示的电磁百叶窗结构。图3C与图3B不同之处在于，底盘302可以用一个十字架304来替代。十字架304可以采用和底盘302相同的材料实现。FIG. 3C is a schematic structural diagram of another support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and can also be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 3A. 3C is different from FIG. 3B in that the chassis 302 can be replaced with a cross 304. The cross 304 can be realized with the same material as the chassis 302.
图4A为本发明实施例提供的一种电磁百叶窗的结构示意图。如图4A所示，从正视图看，电磁百叶窗可以包括多个半径递增的半圆401，相邻两个半圆的首尾交替相连。从圆心开始往外的方向上，第一个半圆401的半径为r/2，第二个半圆401的半径为r，第N个半圆401半径为N*r/2。半圆401的半径r和个数N需要根据天线口径来进行设计，即N*r/2≦R，其中R为天线的口径半径。此外，相邻两个半圆401的间距r>λ/4，其中λ为电磁波最小工作频率对应的波长。从侧视图可以看出半圆401的高度为h，每个半圆401的高度h和厚度d尽量相同。一般来说，高度h越大，厚度d越大，旁瓣抑制效果越好，但是天线增益损失也越大，需要综合考虑旁瓣抑制效果和天线增益损失两个指标来确定半圆401的高度h和厚度d。4A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4A, from the front view, the electromagnetic louver may include a plurality of semicircles 401 with increasing radii, and the adjacent two semicircles are alternately connected end to end. In the outward direction from the center of the circle, the radius of the first semicircle 401 is r/2, the radius of the second semicircle 401 is r, and the radius of the Nth semicircle 401 is N*r/2. The radius r and the number N of the semicircle 401 need to be designed according to the antenna aperture, that is, N*r/2≦R, where R is the aperture radius of the antenna. In addition, the distance r>λ/4 between two adjacent semicircles 401, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave. From the side view, it can be seen that the height of the semicircle 401 is h, and the height h and the thickness d of each semicircle 401 are the same as much as possible. Generally speaking, the greater the height h, the greater the thickness d, the better the side lobe suppression effect, but the greater the antenna gain loss, the two indexes of the side lobe suppression effect and the antenna gain loss need to be comprehensively considered to determine the height h of the semicircle 401 And thickness d.
图4B为本发明实施例提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图，用于支撑如图4A所示的百叶窗结构。如图4B所示，支撑组件可以包括底盘402和多个半径递增的半圆403(支撑架)。底盘402和底盘302类似，半圆403的半径和半圆401的半径相适配，将半圆403覆于半圆401的内径侧(或外径侧)。如果半圆401覆于半圆403的内径侧，则半圆401的外径和半圆 403的内径相同。如果半圆401覆于半圆403的外径侧，则半圆401的内径和半圆403的外径相同。半圆403的数量和半圆401的数量可以相同，并且，半圆403的高度h和半圆401的高度h可以是相同的。底盘402的高度H和半圆403的厚度d尽可能小，从而减少电磁波的反射。FIG. 4B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention, for supporting a shutter structure shown in FIG. 4A. As shown in FIG. 4B, the support assembly may include a chassis 402 and a plurality of semi-circles 403 (support frames) of increasing radius. The chassis 402 is similar to the chassis 302, the radius of the semicircle 403 matches the radius of the semicircle 401, and the semicircle 403 is covered on the inner diameter side (or outer diameter side) of the semicircle 401. If the semicircle 401 covers the inner diameter side of the semicircle 403, the outer diameter of the semicircle 401 and the inner diameter of the semicircle 403 are the same. If the semicircle 401 covers the outer diameter side of the semicircle 403, the inner diameter of the semicircle 401 and the outer diameter of the semicircle 403 are the same. The number of semicircles 403 and the number of semicircles 401 may be the same, and the height h of the semicircle 403 and the height h of the semicircle 401 may be the same. The height H of the chassis 402 and the thickness d of the semicircle 403 are as small as possible, thereby reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves.
图4C为本发明实施例提供的另一种支撑组件的结构示意图，也可以用于支撑如图4A所示的百叶窗结构。图4C和图4B的不同之处在于，底盘402可以用一个十字架404来替代。十字架404可以采用和底盘402相同的材料实现。FIG. 4C is a schematic structural diagram of another supporting assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and can also be used to support a louver structure shown in FIG. 4A. The difference between FIG. 4C and FIG. 4B is that the chassis 402 can be replaced with a cross 404. The cross 404 can be realized with the same material as the chassis 402.
图5A为本发明实施例提供的一种电磁百叶窗的结构示意图。如图5A所示，从正视图可以看出，电磁百叶窗可以包括一个阿基米德螺旋501。螺旋间距为r，并且螺旋间距r和圈数N需要根据天线口径来进行设计，即N*r≦R，其中R为天线口径的半径。此外，螺旋间距r>λ/4，其中λ为电磁波最小工作频率对应的波长。从侧视图可以看出阿基米德螺旋501的高度为h，每一圈的高度h和厚度d尽量相同。一般来说，高度h越大，厚度d越大，旁瓣抑制效果越好，但是天线增益损失也越大，需要综合考虑旁瓣抑制效果和天线增益损失两个指标来确定阿基米德螺旋501的高度h和厚度d。5A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5A, it can be seen from the front view that the electromagnetic shutter may include an Archimedes spiral 501. The spiral pitch is r, and the spiral pitch r and the number of turns N need to be designed according to the antenna aperture, that is, N*r≦R, where R is the radius of the antenna aperture. In addition, the helical pitch r>λ/4, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave. From the side view, it can be seen that the height of the Archimedes spiral 501 is h, and the height h and thickness d of each circle are as close as possible. Generally speaking, the greater the height h and the greater the thickness d, the better the side lobe suppression effect, but the greater the antenna gain loss, the two indicators of side lobe suppression effect and antenna gain loss need to be considered together to determine the Archimedes spiral The height h and thickness d of 501.
图5B为本发明实施例中提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图，可以用于支撑如图5A所示的电磁百叶窗结构。如图5B所示，支撑组件可以包括底盘502和阿基米德螺旋503(支撑架)。阿基米德螺旋503的尺寸与电磁百叶窗的阿基米德螺旋501的尺寸相适配，将阿基米德螺旋501覆于阿基米德螺旋503的内径侧(或外径侧)。如果阿基米德螺旋501覆于阿基米德螺旋503的内径侧，则阿基米德螺旋501的外径和阿基米德螺旋503的内径相同。如果阿基米德螺旋501覆于阿基米德螺旋503的外径侧，则阿基米德螺旋501的内径和阿基米德螺旋503的外径相同。阿基米德螺旋503的圈数和阿基米德螺旋301的圈数可以相同，并且，阿基米德螺旋503的高度h和阿基米德螺旋301的高度h可以是相同的。底盘502的高度H和阿基米德螺旋503的厚度d尽可能小，从而减少电磁波的反射。FIG. 5B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and can be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 5A. As shown in FIG. 5B, the support assembly may include a chassis 502 and an Archimedes screw 503 (support frame). The size of the Archimedes spiral 503 matches the size of the Archimedes spiral 501 of the electromagnetic shutter, and the Archimedes spiral 501 covers the inner diameter side (or outer diameter side) of the Archimedes spiral 503. If the Archimedes spiral 501 covers the inner diameter side of the Archimedes spiral 503, the outer diameter of the Archimedes spiral 501 and the inner diameter of the Archimedes spiral 503 are the same. If the Archimedes spiral 501 covers the outer diameter side of the Archimedes spiral 503, the inner diameter of the Archimedes spiral 501 and the outer diameter of the Archimedes spiral 503 are the same. The number of turns of the Archimedes spiral 503 and the number of turns of the Archimedes spiral 301 may be the same, and the height h of the Archimedes spiral 503 and the height h of the Archimedes spiral 301 may be the same. The height H of the chassis 502 and the thickness d of the Archimedes spiral 503 are as small as possible, thereby reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves.
图5C为本发明实施例提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图，可以用于支撑如图5A所示的电磁百叶窗结构。图5C和图5B的不同之处在于，底盘502可以用一个十字架504来替代。十字架504可以采用和底盘502相同的材料实现。FIG. 5C is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and can be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 5A. 5C and 5B are different in that the chassis 502 can be replaced with a cross 504. The cross 504 can be realized with the same material as the chassis 502.
图6A为本发明实施例提供的一种电磁百叶窗的结构示意图。如图6A所示，从正视图可以看出，电磁百叶窗可以包括叠加的两个阿基米德螺旋601a和601b。单个螺旋间距为2*r，两个螺旋叠加后的间距为r和每个螺旋的圈数N需要根据天线口径来进行设计，即2N*r≦R，其中R为天线口径的半径。此外，叠加后的螺旋间距r>λ/4，其中λ为电磁波最小工作频率对应的波长。从侧视图可以看出阿基米德螺旋601a和601b的高度为h，每一圈的高度h和厚度d尽量相同。一般来说，高度h越大，厚度d越大，旁瓣抑制效果越好，但是天线增益损失也越大，需要综合考虑旁瓣抑制效果和天线增益损失两个指标来确定阿基米德螺旋501的高度h和厚度d。6A is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic shutter provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6A, it can be seen from the front view that the electromagnetic shutter may include two superimposed Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b. The pitch of a single spiral is 2*r, the pitch of two spirals superimposed is r and the number of turns N of each spiral needs to be designed according to the antenna aperture, that is, 2N*r≦R, where R is the radius of the antenna aperture. In addition, the superimposed spiral pitch r>λ/4, where λ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the electromagnetic wave. From the side view, it can be seen that the height of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b is h, and the height h and thickness d of each circle are as close as possible. Generally speaking, the greater the height h and the greater the thickness d, the better the side lobe suppression effect, but the greater the antenna gain loss, the two indicators of side lobe suppression effect and antenna gain loss need to be considered together to determine the Archimedes spiral The height h and thickness d of 501.
图6B为本发明实施例中提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图，可以用于支撑如图6A所示的电磁百叶窗结构。如图6B所示，支撑组件可以包括底盘602和两个阿基米德螺旋603a和603b(支撑架)。阿基米德螺旋603a和603b的尺寸与电磁百叶窗的阿基米德螺旋601a和601b的尺寸相适配，将阿基米德螺旋601a和601b覆于阿基米德螺旋603a和603b的内径侧(或外径侧)。如果阿基米德螺旋601a和601b覆于阿基米德螺旋603a和603b的内径侧，则阿基米德螺旋601a和601b的外径和阿基米德螺旋603a和603b的内径相同。如果阿基米德螺旋601a和601b覆于阿基米德螺旋603a和603b的外径侧，则阿基米德螺旋601a和601b的内 径和阿基米德螺旋603a和603b的外径相同。阿基米德螺旋603a和603b的圈数和阿基米德螺旋601a和601b的圈数可以相同，并且，阿基米德螺旋603a和603b的高度h和阿基米德螺旋601a和601b的高度h可以是相同的。底盘602的高度H和阿基米德螺旋603a和603b的厚度d尽可能小，从而减少电磁波的反射。6B is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and can be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 6A. As shown in FIG. 6B, the support assembly may include a chassis 602 and two Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b (support frames). The size of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b matches the size of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b of the electromagnetic shutters. (Or outside diameter side). If the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b cover the inner diameter sides of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b, the outer diameters of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b are the same as the inner diameters of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b. If the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b cover the outer diameter sides of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b, the internal diameters of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b are the same as the external diameters of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b. The number of turns of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b can be the same as the number of turns of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b, and the height h of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b and the heights of the Archimedes spirals 601a and 601b h can be the same. The height H of the chassis 602 and the thickness d of the Archimedes spirals 603a and 603b are as small as possible, thereby reducing the reflection of electromagnetic waves.
图6C为本发明实施例提供的一种支撑组件的结构示意图，可以用于支撑如图6A所示的电磁百叶窗结构。图6C和图6B的不同之处在于，底盘602可以用一个十字架604来替代。十字架604可以采用和底盘602相同的材料实现。6C is a schematic structural diagram of a support assembly provided by an embodiment of the present invention, and can be used to support the electromagnetic shutter structure shown in FIG. 6A. The difference between FIG. 6C and FIG. 6B is that the chassis 602 can be replaced with a cross 604. The cross 604 can be realized with the same material as the chassis 602.
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种微波设备结构示意图。如图7所示，微波设备700可以包括天线701、室外单元(outdoor unit，ODU)702、室内单元(indoor unit，IDU)703、和中频电缆704。微波设备700可以包括一个或多个天线701。ODU 702和IDU 703之间可以通过中频电缆704相连，ODU 702和天线701之间可以通过馈电波导相连。7 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the microwave device 700 may include an antenna 701, an outdoor unit (ODU) 702, an indoor unit (IDU) 703, and an intermediate frequency cable 704. The microwave device 700 may include one or more antennas 701. The ODU 702 and the IDU 703 can be connected by an intermediate frequency cable 704, and the ODU 702 and the antenna 701 can be connected by a feed waveguide.
天线701可以采用上述实施例中的任意一种天线来实现，包括天线本体和滤波组件。天线701主要提供射频信号的定向收发功能，实现ODU 702产生或接收的射频信号与大气空间的射频信号之间的转换。发送方向上，天线701将ODU 702输出的射频信号转换为具有方向性的射频信号，向空间辐射。接收方向上，天线701接收空间的射频信号，将射频信号进行聚焦，传送给ODU 702。本发明实施例提供的天线，可以是发送方向上的天线，也可以是接收方向上的天线。The antenna 701 can be implemented by using any one of the antennas in the foregoing embodiments, including the antenna body and the filter component. The antenna 701 mainly provides the directional transmission and reception function of the radio frequency signal, and realizes the conversion between the radio frequency signal generated or received by the ODU 702 and the radio frequency signal in the atmospheric space. In the transmission direction, the antenna 701 converts the radio frequency signal output by the ODU 702 into a directional radio frequency signal to radiate into space. In the receiving direction, the antenna 701 receives the radio frequency signal in the space, focuses the radio frequency signal, and transmits it to the ODU 702. The antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention may be an antenna in the transmission direction or an antenna in the reception direction.
例如，接收方向上，天线701接收空间辐射的射频信号，该射频信号包括目标业务信号和干扰信号，通过滤波组件对干扰信号进行过滤，其中，滤波组件包括滤波层和支撑组件，滤波层由有耗介质形成，支撑组件用于支撑滤波层，使得滤波层形成类似百叶窗的空间结构。天线701接收经过滤波组件过滤的射频信号，然后发送给ODU 702。For example, in the receiving direction, the antenna 701 receives a radio frequency signal radiated from space. The radio frequency signal includes a target service signal and an interference signal, and the interference signal is filtered by a filter component. The filter component includes a filter layer and a support component. The dissipation medium is formed, and the supporting component is used to support the filter layer, so that the filter layer forms a spatial structure similar to a blind. The antenna 701 receives the radio frequency signal filtered by the filtering component, and then sends it to the ODU 702.
发送方向上，天线701从ODU 702接收到射频信号，该射频信号包括目标业务信号和干扰信号，并通过滤波组件对干扰信号进行过滤。天线701将经过滤波组件过滤的射频信号发送出去。In the transmission direction, the antenna 701 receives a radio frequency signal from the ODU 702, the radio frequency signal includes a target service signal and an interference signal, and filters the interference signal through a filtering component. The antenna 701 sends the radio frequency signal filtered by the filtering component.
ODU 702可以包括中频模块、发送模块、接收模块、复用器、双工器等。ODU 702主要提供中频模拟信号和射频信号的相互转换功能。在发送方向，ODU 702将来自IDU 703的中频模拟信号经过上变频和放大，转换成特定频率的射频信号，并向天线701发送。在接收方向，ODU 702将从天线701接收的射频信号经过下变频和放大，转换成中频模拟信号，并向IDU 703发送。The ODU 702 may include an intermediate frequency module, a sending module, a receiving module, a multiplexer, a duplexer, and so on. ODU702 mainly provides the conversion function between the intermediate frequency analog signal and the radio frequency signal. In the transmission direction, ODU 702 up-converts and amplifies the intermediate frequency analog signal from IDU 703, converts it into a radio frequency signal of a specific frequency, and sends it to antenna 701. In the receiving direction, ODU 702 down-converts and amplifies the radio frequency signal received from antenna 701, converts it to an intermediate frequency analog signal, and sends it to IDU 703.
IDU 703可以包括主控交换时钟板、中频板、业务板等单板类型，可以提供吉比特以太(Gigabit Ethernet，GE)业务、同步传输模式-1(synchronous transfer module-1，STM-1)业务和E1业务等多种业务接口。IDU 703主要提供业务信号基带处理、基带信号和中频模拟信号的相互转换功能。在发送方向，IDU 703把基带数字信号调制成中频模拟信号。在接收方向，IDU 703将接收到的中频模拟信号进行解调和数字化处理，分解成基带数字信号。IDU703 can include single-board types such as main control switching clock board, intermediate frequency board, and service board. It can provide Gigabit Ethernet (GE) services and synchronous transfer mode-1 (synchronous transfer module-1, STM-1) services. Interface with multiple services such as E1 services. IDU703 mainly provides business signal baseband processing, baseband signal and intermediate frequency analog signal conversion function. In the transmission direction, IDU 703 modulates the baseband digital signal into an intermediate frequency analog signal. In the receiving direction, IDU703 demodulates and digitizes the received intermediate frequency analog signal and decomposes it into a baseband digital signal.
微波设备700可以为分体式微波设备，即IDU 703放置于室内，ODU 702和天线701装配在一起，并放置于室外。微波设备700也可以为全室外微波设备，即ODU 702、IDU 703和天线701都放置于室外。微波设备700也可以为全室内微波设备，即ODU 702和IDU 703放置于室内，天线701放置于室外。ODU 702也可以称为射频模块，IDU 703也可以称为基带。The microwave device 700 may be a split type microwave device, that is, the IDU 703 is placed indoors, the ODU 702 and the antenna 701 are assembled together, and placed outdoors. The microwave device 700 may also be an all-outdoor microwave device, that is, the ODU 702, IDU 703, and antenna 701 are all placed outdoors. The microwave device 700 may also be an all-indoor microwave device, that is, the ODU 702 and IDU 703 are placed indoors, and the antenna 701 is placed outdoors. ODU702 can also be called a radio frequency module, and IDU703 can also be called a baseband.
将本发明实施提供的天线应用于微波设备中，通过具有百叶窗结构的滤波组件抑制了非零角度范围合成的电场强度，实现了天线旁瓣抑制，可以在对目标业务信号几乎没有影响的 前提下提高设备抗干扰的能力。The antenna provided by the implementation of the present invention is applied to microwave equipment, and the filter component with a louver structure suppresses the electric field intensity synthesized in the non-zero angle range, and realizes antenna side lobe suppression, which can have little impact on the target service signal. Improve the equipment's anti-interference ability.
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种应用场景的网络架构示意图。如图8所示，针对同频同极化(V极化)网络场景，网络设备801和网络设备802正常通信，干扰源803相对于网络设备801存在横向偏移距离L，等效于横向偏移角θ。采用本发明实施例的提供的技术方案后，θ大于5度的干扰信号会被明显抑制。8 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, for the same frequency co-polarization (V polarization) network scenario, the network device 801 and the network device 802 communicate normally, and the interference source 803 has a lateral offset distance L relative to the network device 801, which is equivalent to a lateral offset Shift angle θ. After the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are used, interference signals with θ greater than 5 degrees will be significantly suppressed.
图9为本发明实施例提供的一种天线方向对比图。由图9可见，实线表示采用了本发明实施例提供的技术方案的天线的方向图，虚线表示未采用本发明实施例提供的技术方案的天线的方向图。可以看出，采用了本发明实施例提供的技术方案的天线方向图中，天线旁瓣被抑制。9 is a comparison diagram of an antenna direction provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 9, the solid line represents the direction diagram of the antenna that adopts the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention, and the broken line represents the direction diagram of the antenna that does not adopt the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the antenna side lobe is suppressed in the antenna pattern using the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above are only the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention. It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (15)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，所述天线包括：An antenna, characterized in that the antenna includes:
    天线本体，所述天线本体具有天线口径，用于收发经过所述天线口径的射频信号，且所述天线本体具有光轴；以及An antenna body, the antenna body having an antenna aperture for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals passing through the antenna aperture, and the antenna body having an optical axis; and
    滤波组件，所述滤波组件位于所述天线口径处，并且垂直于所述光轴设置，用于过滤所述射频信号中的干扰信号；所述滤波组件包括滤波层和支撑组件，所述滤波层由有耗介质形成，所述支撑组件用于支撑所述滤波层，使得所述滤波层形成类似百叶窗的空间结构。A filtering component, which is located at the aperture of the antenna and is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis, and is used for filtering interference signals in the radio frequency signal; the filtering component includes a filtering layer and a supporting component, and the filtering layer Formed by a lossy medium, the support assembly is used to support the filter layer so that the filter layer forms a louver-like spatial structure.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的天线，所述滤波层包括多个等间距的同心圆，其中，任意相邻两个同心圆的间距大于λ/4，λ为所述射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the filter layer includes a plurality of concentric circles with equal intervals, wherein the distance between any two adjacent concentric circles is greater than λ/4, and λ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the RF signal .
  3. 如权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述滤波层包括多个半径递增的半圆，相邻两个半圆之间首尾相连，其中，任意相邻两个半圆的间距大于λ/4，λ为所述射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the filter layer includes a plurality of semicircles with increasing radius, and two adjacent semicircles are connected end to end, wherein the distance between any two adjacent semicircles is greater than λ/4, λ is the wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal.
  4. 如权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述滤波层包括至少一个阿基米德螺旋，其中，螺旋间距大于λ/4，λ为所述射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the filter layer comprises at least one Archimedes spiral, wherein the spiral pitch is greater than λ/4, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal.
  5. 如权利要求1-4任一所述的天线，其特征在于，所述天线还包括天线罩，所述滤波层贴在所述天线罩的口径处。The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the antenna further comprises a radome, and the filter layer is attached to the aperture of the radome.
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一所述的天线，其特征在于，所述支撑组件包括底盘和支撑架，所述支撑架和所述滤波层相适配。The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the support assembly includes a chassis and a support frame, and the support frame is adapted to the filter layer.
  7. 如权利要求6所述的天线，其特征在于，所述底盘为圆盘或十字架。The antenna according to claim 6, wherein the chassis is a disc or a cross.
  8. 一种微波设备，其特征在于，所述微波设备包括：天线、室内单元和室外单元，所述天线包括：A microwave device, characterized in that the microwave device includes: an antenna, an indoor unit, and an outdoor unit, and the antenna includes:
    天线本体，所述天线本体具有天线口径，用于收发经过所述天线口径的射频信号，且所述天线本体具有光轴；以及An antenna body, the antenna body having an antenna aperture for transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals passing through the antenna aperture, and the antenna body having an optical axis; and
    滤波组件，所述滤波组件位于所述天线口径处，并且垂直于所述光轴设置，用于过滤所述射频信号中的干扰信号；所述滤波组件包括滤波层和支撑组件，所述滤波层由有耗介质形成，所述支撑组件用于支撑所述滤波层，使得所述滤波层形成类似百叶窗的空间结构。A filtering component, which is located at the aperture of the antenna and is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis, and is used for filtering interference signals in the radio frequency signal; the filtering component includes a filtering layer and a supporting component, and the filtering layer Formed by a lossy medium, the support assembly is used to support the filter layer so that the filter layer forms a louver-like spatial structure.
  9. 如权利要求8所述的微波设备，所述滤波层包括多个等间距的同心圆，其中，任意相邻两个同心圆的间距大于λ/4，λ为所述射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。The microwave device according to claim 8, wherein the filter layer includes a plurality of concentric circles with equal intervals, wherein the distance between any two adjacent concentric circles is greater than λ/4, and λ is corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the RF signal wavelength.
  10. 如权利要求8所述的微波设备，其特征在于，所述滤波层包括多个半径递增的半圆，相邻两个半圆之间首尾相连，其中，任意相邻两个半圆的间距大于λ/4，λ为所述射频信号最小工作频率的波长。The microwave device according to claim 8, wherein the filter layer comprises a plurality of semicircles with increasing radius, and two adjacent semicircles are connected end to end, wherein the distance between any two adjacent semicircles is greater than λ/4 , Λ is the wavelength of the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal.
  11. 如权利要求8所述的微波设备，其特征在于，所述滤波层包括至少一个阿基米德螺旋，其中，螺旋间距大于λ/4，λ为所述射频信号最小工作频率对应的波长。The microwave device according to claim 8, wherein the filter layer includes at least one Archimedes spiral, wherein the spiral pitch is greater than λ/4, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to the minimum operating frequency of the radio frequency signal.
  12. 权利要求8-11任一所述的微波设备，其特征在于，所述天线还包括天线罩，所述滤波层贴在所述天线罩的口径处。The microwave device according to any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the antenna further includes a radome, and the filter layer is attached to the aperture of the radome.
  13. 如权利要求8-12任一所述的微波设备，其特征在于，所述支撑组件包括底盘和支撑架，所述支撑架和所述滤波层相适配。The microwave device according to any one of claims 8-12, wherein the support assembly includes a chassis and a support frame, and the support frame is adapted to the filter layer.
  14. 如权利要求13所述的微波设备，其特征在于，所述底盘为圆盘或十字架。The microwave device according to claim 13, wherein the chassis is a disc or a cross.
  15. 一种通信系统，其特征在于，所述通信系统包括至少两个如权利要求8-14任一所述的微波设备。A communication system, characterized in that the communication system includes at least two microwave devices according to any one of claims 8-14.
PCT/CN2018/124661 2018-12-28 2018-12-28 Antenna, microwave device and communication system WO2020133154A1 (en)

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CN201880100528.2A CN113228414B (en) 2018-12-28 2018-12-28 Antenna, microwave equipment and communication system
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US20210328357A1 (en) 2021-10-21
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