WO2020006346A1 - Formula design for a solid laundry fabric softener - Google Patents
Formula design for a solid laundry fabric softener Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2020006346A1 WO2020006346A1 PCT/US2019/039713 US2019039713W WO2020006346A1 WO 2020006346 A1 WO2020006346 A1 WO 2020006346A1 US 2019039713 W US2019039713 W US 2019039713W WO 2020006346 A1 WO2020006346 A1 WO 2020006346A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- peg
- solid
- quaternary ammonium
- silicone
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000002979 fabric softener Substances 0.000 title description 35
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 286
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 52
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 52
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid group Chemical group C(CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC(=O)O)(=O)O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000604 Polyethylene Glycol 200 Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminopropiophenone Chemical compound CC(N)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 PUAQLLVFLMYYJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CNC IQDGSYLLQPDQDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- OTGQIQQTPXJQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-(octadecanoyl)ethanolamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCO OTGQIQQTPXJQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002565 Polyethylene Glycol 400 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002582 Polyethylene Glycol 600 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002593 Polyethylene Glycol 800 Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940098691 coco monoethanolamide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013870 dimethyl polysiloxane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920013822 aminosilicone Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 claims description 3
- XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N prednisone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 XOFYZVNMUHMLCC-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003627 tricarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 100
- -1 triethanolamine diester Chemical class 0.000 description 71
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 39
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 16
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 11
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 10
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 235000015165 citric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 8
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000004900 laundering Methods 0.000 description 7
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 229920002594 Polyethylene Glycol 8000 Polymers 0.000 description 5
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- QRUFUHLEVQQZRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium ethanol methyl sulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].CCO.CCO.CCO.COS([O-])(=O)=O QRUFUHLEVQQZRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011083 sodium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 5
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003752 hydrotrope Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- IYAQFFOKAFGDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dihydro-1h-imidazol-3-ium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound C1CN=CN1.COS(O)(=O)=O IYAQFFOKAFGDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000008051 alkyl sulfates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229960004543 anhydrous citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920001983 poloxamer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 3
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylpiperidin-4-one Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)N1CCC(=O)CC1 RTBFRGCFXZNCOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-methylheptadecanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O XDOFQFKRPWOURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019737 Animal fat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycolic acid Chemical compound OCC(O)=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002257 Plurafac® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000005275 alkylenearyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N alpha-D-galactose Chemical group OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous glutaric acid Natural products OC(=O)CCCC(O)=O JFCQEDHGNNZCLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical group OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 125000002837 carbocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyldioctadecylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC REZZEXDLIUJMMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007046 ethoxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229930182830 galactose Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DKPHLYCEFBDQKM-UHFFFAOYSA-H hexapotassium;1-phosphonato-n,n-bis(phosphonatomethyl)methanamine Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)CN(CP([O-])([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O DKPHLYCEFBDQKM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008172 hydrogenated vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CN1 MTNDZQHUAFNZQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019531 indirect food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940060367 inert ingredients Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001412 inorganic anion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960001021 lactose monohydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS(O)(=O)=O JZMJDSHXVKJFKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N monoethyl carbonate Chemical class CCOC(O)=O CQDGTJPVBWZJAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-hydroxy-2-propan-2-ylsulfonylethanimidamide Chemical compound CC(C)S(=O)(=O)CC(N)=NO LNOPIUAQISRISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrilotriacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O MGFYIUFZLHCRTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002889 oleic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002891 organic anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxetane Chemical compound C1COC1 AHHWIHXENZJRFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- YSWYYGKGAYSAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphane Chemical compound P.P YSWYYGKGAYSAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229940113115 polyethylene glycol 200 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940085678 polyethylene glycol 8000 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019446 polyethylene glycol 8000 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007715 potassium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrroline Natural products C1CC=NC1 ZVJHJDDKYZXRJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008165 rice bran oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005713 safflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003813 safflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000015541 sensory perception of touch Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003352 sequestering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004666 short chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021391 short chain fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bisulfate Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])(=O)=O WBHQBSYUUJJSRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000342 sodium bisulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009518 sodium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFXAWOHHDUIALU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;hydron;difluoride Chemical compound F.[F-].[Na+] BFXAWOHHDUIALU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003381 solubilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005415 substituted alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005420 sulfonamido group Chemical group S(=O)(=O)(N*)* 0.000 description 1
- 229940006295 sulfonated oleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSROQCDVUIHRSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thietane Chemical compound C1CSC1 XSROQCDVUIHRSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiirane Chemical compound C1CS1 VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003553 thiiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195735 unsaturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/0005—Other compounding ingredients characterised by their effect
- C11D3/001—Softening compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
- C11D1/38—Cationic compounds
- C11D1/62—Quaternary ammonium compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
- C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
- C11D3/2079—Monocarboxylic acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
- C11D3/2082—Polycarboxylic acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/20—Organic compounds containing oxygen
- C11D3/2075—Carboxylic acids-salts thereof
- C11D3/2086—Hydroxy carboxylic acids-salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
- C11D3/30—Amines; Substituted amines ; Quaternized amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/3707—Polyethers, e.g. polyalkyleneoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/373—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
- C11D3/16—Organic compounds
- C11D3/37—Polymers
- C11D3/3703—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C11D3/373—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing silicones
- C11D3/3742—Nitrogen containing silicones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D2111/00—Cleaning compositions characterised by the objects to be cleaned; Cleaning compositions characterised by non-standard cleaning or washing processes
- C11D2111/10—Objects to be cleaned
- C11D2111/12—Soft surfaces, e.g. textile
Definitions
- TITLE FORMULA DESIGN FOR A SOLID LAUNDRY FABRIC SOFTENER
- the invention relates to solid laundry fabric softening compositions and applications of use.
- the solid laundry fabric softening compositions combine quaternary ammonium compounds, such as quaternary dialkyl actives with low iodine values and silicone to provide softness without causing any significant yellowing or loss of water absorption or wicking to the treated linen.
- the solid laundry fabric softening compositions can be provided as a multi-use block having uniform dispensing rates and without block weeping or sloughing.
- processing aids for solidification comprising one or more of (A) polyethylene glycol and an acidulant, (B) a surfactant and an acidulant, or (C) polyethylene glycol, a surfactant and an acidulant, are combined with the quaternary ammonium compounds and silicone to provide the stable solid composition.
- the processing aids for solidification can also include a water soluble salt that is not hygroscopic and/or a stabilizer.
- liquid softeners are easy to handle, e.g., easy to dispense and to measure.
- the liquid softeners also minimizes the potential for concentrated deposition of the softener on an area of a fabric to cause visible staining.
- some automatic clothes washers built with an automatic fabric softener dispenser require the fabric softener in liquid form for proper dispensing.
- liquid fabric softener compositions contain a high level of water.
- the traditional liquid fabric softener products normally contain about 90% to about 95% of water. These products require a great amount of packaging material, the transport of large weight (making shipping expensive), and large shelf space in the retail stores.
- Recent trends to produce concentrated fabric softeners, with the intention of reducing waste, have improved the environmental impact and decreased the water content in the liquid compositions to about 72% to 80%, which is still a significant amount of water.
- all liquid formulations also have the further disadvantage that the formulations can become unstable upon long term storage, leading to separation of the ingredients. Liquid formulations can also suffer from extremes of storage temperature, such as both freezing or extremely warm temperatures.
- solid fabric softener compositions There is a need in the art for improved solid fabric softener compositions.
- the benefits of solid compositions include: the compactness of the compositions permit the transport of less weight, making shipping more economical; less packaging is required so that smaller and more readily disposable containers can be used; there is less chance for messy leakage; and less shelf space is required in the retail stores. Solid formulations are also more stable to storage, and extremes of temperature.
- a solid softener that has a performance comparable to a liquid softener with the same kind and amount of active content.
- the first challenge in producing a solid softener is developing a formulation that will not melt, "weep", for separate during typical storage and transport temperatures.
- Many preferred softening actives that are biodegradable such as triethanolamine diester quats (one example of which is methyl bis(ethyl tallowate)-2- hydroxy ethyl ammonium methyl sulfate), have a low melting point and are semi-solid at room temperature, and are much harder to formulate into a non-weeping product.
- common actives for liquid softeners are not suitable for use in formulating solid compositions.
- An advantage of the solid fabric softening compositions and methods of use thereof, is that a solid fabric softening compositions provides a multi-use composition without weeping and/or sloughing and providing a desired dispensing rate of a product that provides premium softness without causing yellowing or other fabric discoloration.
- a multi-use solid laundry fabric softening composition comprises: a quaternary ammonium compound with an iodine value less than or equal to 15; a silicone, wherein the ratio of the quaternary ammonium compound to the silicone is from about 3 : 1 to about 1.8: 1; at least one processing aid for solidification comprising one or more of a
- solid laundry fabric softening composition is a non-weeping solid at a temperature of up to l20°F as measured by less than about 10 gram loss per 100 grams.
- a multi-use solid laundry fabric softening composition comprises: a quaternary ammonium compound with an iodine value less than or equal to 15 and
- Rl and R2 represent the same or different hydrocarbyl groups having from 12 to 24 carbon atoms, R 3 and R 4 represent the same or different hydrocarbyl groups containing 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, and X is an anion; a silicone, wherein the ratio of the quaternary ammonium compound to the silicone is from about 3: 1 to about 1.8: 1; at least one processing aid for solidification comprising a nonionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactant having an HLB between about 10-15, a stabilizer comprising a long chain fatty acid or a derivative of a long chain fatty acid, and one or more of polyethylene glycol, an acidulant, a water soluble salt that is not hygroscopic and may comprise one or more of sodium citrate, sodium monocitrate, and magnesium sulfate, wherein the solid laundry fabric softening composition is a non-weeping solid at a temperature of up to l20°F as measured by less than about 10 gram loss per
- a method for treating fabric in a wash wheel comprises providing a solid laundry fabric softening composition as described herein; contacting the solid laundry fabric softening composition with water to form an aqueous suspension; and dispensing the aqueous suspension to a wash wheel, where it contacts the fabric to be treated.
- actives or “percent actives” or “percent by weight actives” or “actives concentration” are used interchangeably herein and refers to the concentration of those ingredients involved in cleaning expressed as a percentage minus inert ingredients such as water or salts.
- alkyl refers to saturated hydrocarbons having one or more carbon atoms, including straight-chain alkyl groups (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, etc.), cyclic alkyl groups (or "cycloalkyl” or “alicyclic” or “carbocyclic” groups) (e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, etc.), branched-chain alkyl groups (e.g., isopropyl, tert-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, etc.), and alkyl-substituted alkyl groups (e.g., alkyl-substituted
- substituted alkyls and “substituted alkyls.”
- substituted alkyls refers to alkyl groups having substituents replacing one or more hydrogens on one or more carbons of the hydrocarbon backbone.
- substituents may include, for example, alkenyl, alkynyl, halogeno, hydroxyl, alkylcarbonyloxy, arylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyloxy, aryloxy, aryloxycarbonyloxy, carboxylate, alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, dialkylaminocarbonyl, alkylthiocarbonyl, alkoxyl, phosphate, phosphonato, phosphinato, cyano, amino (including alkyl amino, dialkylamino, arylamino, diarylamino, and alkylarylamino), acylamino (including alkylcarbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, carbamoyl and ureido), imino, sulfhydryl, alkylthio, arylthio, thiocarboxylate,
- substituted alkyls can include a heterocyclic group.
- heterocyclic group includes closed ring structures analogous to carbocyclic groups in which one or more of the carbon atoms in the ring is an element other than carbon, for example, nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen. Heterocyclic groups may be saturated or unsaturated. Exemplary heterocyclic groups include, but are not limited to, aziridine, ethylene oxide
- non-hygroscopic refers to a material or composition containing a material that when exposed to moisture, such as humidity, does not absorb moisture in an amount that would cause the material or composition to become liquid. Hygroscopic materials cause the solid to absorb water, resulting in a softer solid with lower penetrometer value in this context.
- laminatery “linen,”“fabric,” and/or“textile” as used herein refers to items or articles that are cleaned in a laundry washing machine.
- laundry refers to any item or article made from or including textile materials, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics, and knitted fabrics.
- the textile materials can include natural or synthetic fibers such as silk fibers, linen fibers, cotton fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers such as nylon, acrylic fibers, acetate fibers, and blends thereof including cotton and polyester blends.
- the fibers can be treated or untreated. Exemplary treated fibers include those treated for flame retardancy. It should be understood that the term "linen" is often used to describe certain types of laundry items including bed sheets, pillowcases, towels, table linen, tablecloth, bar mops and uniforms.
- polymer generally includes, but is not limited to,
- polymer shall include all possible isomeric configurations of the molecule, including, but are not limited to isotactic, syndiotactic and random symmetries, and combinations thereof.
- polymer shall include all possible geometrical configurations of the molecule.
- the term“sloughing” refers to large pieces or chunks of material falling out of or away from a solid composition during dispensing when water is used to bring a portion of a solid composition into an aqueous solution for dispensing. The pieces or chunks of solid material fall off the solid during or between dispensing in an unintentional and/or uncontrolled manner when the solid composition is softened by the dispensing water.
- solid refers to a composition in a generally shape-stable form under expected storage conditions, for example a powder, particle, agglomerate, flake, granule, pellet, tablet, lozenge, puck, briquette, brick or block, and whether in a unit dose or a portion from which measured unit doses may be withdrawn.
- a solid may have varying degrees of shape stability, but typically will not flow perceptibly and will substantially retain its shape under moderate stress, pressure or mere gravity, as for example, when a molded solid is removed from a mold, when an extruded solid exits an extruder, and the like.
- a solid may have varying degrees of surface hardness, and for example may range from that of a fused solid block whose surface is relatively dense and hard, resembling concrete, to a consistency characterized as less hard.
- the solid composition is a solid block and not loose powder or flowable powder.
- water soluble refers to a compound that can be dissolved in water at a concentration of more than 1 wt. %.
- weeping refers to a predictive assessment for sloughing in a small scale sample size.
- a small scale solid composition is kept inverted in an enclosed hot water bath (to simulate hot and humid conditions) over an extended time period to soften and loosen the solid composition.
- Weeping is measured by a high degree of sample softness and mass loss, which are indicators of sloughing concerns.
- a measurement for weeping according to the described solid compositions is based upon the mass loss of the solid composition evaluated.
- a non-weeping block is one that loses less than about 10 grams per 100 grams (10%) at a temperature of up to 120T for 72 hours.
- weight percent refers to the concentration of a substance as the weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and multiplied by 100. It is understood that, as used here, “percent,” “%,” and the like are intended to be synonymous with “weight percent,” “wt-%,” etc.
- compositions and methods described herein may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the components and ingredients as well as other ingredients described herein.
- consisting essentially of means that the compositions and methods may include additional steps, components or ingredients, but only if the additional steps, components or ingredients do not materially alter the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed
- compositions and methods are provided. It should also be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the term “configured” describes a system, apparatus, or other structure that is constructed or configured to perform a particular task or adopt a particular configuration. The term “configured” can be used interchangeably with other similar phrases such as arranged and configured, constructed and arranged, adapted and configured, adapted, constructed,
- the solid fabric softener compositions according to the disclosure comprise, consist of, and/or consist essentially of a low iodine value quaternary ammonium compound (iodine value of 15 or less), a silicone, at least one processing aid for solidification, and optionally a salt and/or additional functional ingredients.
- Exemplary ranges of the solid fabric softener compositions are shown in Tables 1A-1C in weight percentage of the solid compositions. Table 1A.
- Quaternary ammonium compounds have long been known in the art for their fabric softening capabilities in liquid formulations, and have the following general formula:
- R 2 wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 can each be C1-C24 aliphatic, normal or branched saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon groups, alkoxy groups (R— O— ), polyalkoxy groups, benzyl groups, allyl groups, hydroxyalkyl groups (HOR— ), and the like, and X is an anion, preferably selected from halide, methyl sulphate or ethyl sulphate radicals.
- the quaternary ammonium compounds can include any anion or counter ion that allows the component to be used in a manner that imparts fabric-softening properties.
- Exemplary counter ions include chloride, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, and sulfate.
- the quaternary ammonium compounds have the following general formula: wherein R 1 and R 2 represent the same or different hydrocarbyl groups having from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 14 to about 22 carbon atoms, or still more preferably from about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms; R 3 and R 4 represent the same or different hydrocarbyl groups containing about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; and X is any suitable anion, such as a halide.
- the preferred quaternary ammonium compounds have highly saturated carbon backbones (i.e. high degree of saturation of alkyl groups) of the hydrocarbyl groups.
- “highly saturated” carbon backbones are represented by a low iodine value of the quaternary ammonium compounds, namely an iodine value equal to 15 or less.
- High iodine value quaternary ammonium compounds have an iodine value greater than 15 and are not suitable for inclusion in the solid compositions disclosed herein. Without being limited to a particular mechanism of action, quaternary ammonium compounds having an iodine value equal to 15 or less provide highly saturated alkyl chain or alkyl backbone of a quaternary ammonium compound.
- the solid compositions cannot include highly unsaturated quaternary ammonium compounds as they are increasingly soft based on the higher degree of unsaturation and not suitable for the solid compositions.
- quaternary ammonium compounds include, for example, di(tallow alkyl)dimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate; dihexadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; di(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride; dioctadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; di(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate; dihexadecyl diethyl ammonium chloride; di(coconut alkyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride; ditallow alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; and di(hydrogenated tallow
- alkyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and combinations thereof.
- quaternary ammonium compounds useful in the solid fabric softening composition include but are not limited to mono-C8-C24 alkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds, monomethyl tri-C8-24 alkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, imidazolinium quaternary ammonium compounds, dimethyl-C8-24 alkylbenzyl quaternary ammonium compounds, complex di quaternary ammonium compounds, di-C8-24 alkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds, mono or dialkyl di or trialkoxy quaternary ammonium compounds, mono or dialkyl di or tripolyalkoxy quaternary ammonium compounds, (the alkoxy group being a methoxy, ethoxy or propoxy group or a hydroxyethyl or
- hydroxypropyl the polyalkoxy being polyethoxy or polypropoxy group with 2-50 alkoxy groups
- diamidoamine-methyl-C8-C22 alkyl- quaternary ammonium compounds di-C8- C22 alkyl methyl benzyl quaternary ammonium compounds.
- the solid fabric softening compositions can preferably include a quaternary ammonium compound having sufficient saturated hydrocarbon groups, such as the alkyl groups, to have an iodine value equal to 15 or less.
- the solid fabric softening compositions can preferably include a dialkyl quaternary ammonium compound having saturated alkyl groups for R 1 and R 2 having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, preferably from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 14 to about 22 carbon atoms, or still more preferably from about 14 to about 20 carbon atoms.
- the dialkyl quaternary ammonium compound is a di(hydrogenated
- DHTDMAC tallowalkyldimethyl ammonium chloride
- ester quat an ester quat
- the solid fabric softening compositions can preferably include an amidoamine quaternary ammonium compound, including for example diamidoamine quaternary ammonium compounds.
- exemplary diamidoamine quaternary ammonium compounds are available under the name Varisoft®.
- Exemplary amidoamine quaternary ammonium compounds include methyl-bis(tallow amidoethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, methyl bis(oleylamidoethyl)-2- hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, and methyl bis(hydr.tallowamidoethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl sulfate.
- the solid fabric softening compositions can preferably include an imidazolinium quaternary compound.
- exemplary imidazolinium quaternary ammonium compounds include methyl- lhy dr. tallow amido ethyl-2-hydr. tallow imidazolinium-methyl sulfate, methyl- 1 -tallow amido ethyl-2-tallow imidazolinium-methyl sulfate, methyl- l-oleyl amido ethyl-2-oleyl imidazolinium-methyl sulfate, and 1 -ethylene bis(2 -tallow, l-methyl, imidazolinium-methyl sulfate).
- the solid fabric softening compositions can preferably include an alkylated quaternary compound.
- exemplary alkylated quaternary ammonium compounds include ammonium compounds having an alkyl group containing between 6 and 24 carbon atoms.
- Exemplary alkylated quaternary ammonium compounds include monoalkyl trimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds, monomethyl trialkyl quaternary ammonium compounds, and dialkyl dimethyl quaternary ammonium compounds.
- the alkyl group is preferably C12-C24, C14-C24, C14-C22, or C14-C20 group that is aliphatic and saturated, straight or branched.
- the solid fabric softening compositions can preferably include an ester quaternary compound.
- Ester quats refer to a compound having at least two or more alkyl or alkenyl groups connected to the molecule via at least one ester link.
- An ester quaternary ammonium compound can have at least one, or can have two or more ester links present.
- Exemplary ester quaternary ammonium compounds include for example, di-alkenyl esters of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate and N,N-di(tallowoyloxy ethyl)N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride, polyol ester quat (PEQ).
- compounds include, but are not limited to, di-oleic ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate, di-oleic ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate, partially hardened tallow ester of triethanol ammonium ethyl sulphate, palm ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate, hardened tallow ester of triethanol ammonium methyl sulphate, unsaturated carboxylic acid reaction products with triethanolamine dimethyl sulphate quaternized.
- TAA triethanolamine
- MDEA methyldiethanolamine
- diamidoquats e.g., methyl bis(hydrogenated tallow amidoethyl)-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium methyl sulfate
- dialkyldimethyl quats e.g., dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride.
- Preferred ester quats are those made from the reaction of alkyl carboxylic acid fraction, methyl ester and triglyceride with triethanolamine.
- ammonium quaternary fabric softening actives are disclosed in ET.S. Patent No. 4,769,159, which is herein incorporated by reference.
- the ammonium quaternary fabric softening active employed has a low iodine value. Iodine values are a measurement of unsaturation of the alkyl chain or alkyl backbone of a quaternary ammonium compound.
- Iodine values can be calculated according to ASTM D5554-15, Standard Test Method for Determination of the Iodine Value of Fats and Oils wherein the same method is used for determining the iodine value of an alkyl chain or alkyl backbone of a quaternary ammonium compound.
- one or more of the quaternary ammonium compounds can be included in the solid composition.
- the ammonium quaternary fabric softening active is present at a level in the range of from about 1 wt-% to about 30 wt-%, preferably from about 1 wt-% to about 25 wt-%, preferably from about 5 wt-% to about 25 wt-%, and most preferably from about 5 wt-% to about 15 wt-% by weight based on the total weight of the solid fabric softener composition.
- the solid fabric softening compositions include at least one silicone compound.
- Suitable silicones include an organosilicone, such as: a polyalkyl silicone, an aminosilicone, a siloxane, a polydimethyl siloxane, an ethoxylated organosilicone, a propoxylated organosilicone, an ethoxylated/propoxylated organosilicone, and mixtures thereof.
- the organosilicone is an aminofunctional silicone.
- Organosilicones not only provide softness and smoothness to fabrics, but also provide a substantial color appearance benefit to fabrics, especially after multiple laundry washing cycles.
- Exemplary organosilicones comprise Si— O moieties and may be selected from (a) non- functionalized siloxane polymers, (b) functionalized siloxane polymers, and combinations thereof.
- the molecular weight of the organosilicone is usually indicated by the reference to the viscosity of the material.
- the organosilicones may comprise a viscosity of from about 10 to about 2,000,000 centistokes at 25°C.
- suitable organosilicones may have a viscosity of from about 10 to about 800,000 centistokes at 25 °C.
- Suitable organosilicones may be linear, branched or cross-linked.
- Suitable organosilicones may be in the form of neat liquids, combinations with solvents, or emulsions in water. If aqueous emulsions are used, the preferred silicones are as concentrated as possible to minimize the amount of liquid added to the composition, since large amounts of liquid can complicate the solidification process.
- a linear or branched structured silicone polymer can also be used in the solid fabric softening compositions.
- the silicone of the present invention can further be a single polymer or a mixture of polymers.
- the silicone is an amino-functional silicone which can be a linear or branched structured amino-functional silicone polymer and can further be a single polymer or a mixture of polymers, including a mixture of polymers wherein one of the polymers contains no amino functionality, e.g., a polydimethylsiloxane polymer.
- the silicone does not include ester based polysiloxanes.
- the ester based polysiloxanes include those polymers with a cleavable bond as described in U.S. Publication No. 2019/0024018, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
- These polysiloxanes excluded from the silicone compound of the solid compositions include siloxane polymers having at least one unit of the following formula (I): wherein:
- L is a linking bivalent alkylene radical
- each R 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C4 alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, and combinations thereof, each s is independently an integer of from 2 to about 12; each y is independently an integer of from 1 to about 100,
- each Xi and X 2 is independently selected from the group consisting of:
- each of R 4 moiety is independently selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C32 alkyl, C1-C32 substituted alkyl, C6-C32 aryl, C5-C32 substituted aryl, C6-C32 alkylaryl, C6-C32 substituted alkylaryl; and each Z is independently selected from the group consisting of: the index j is an integer from 1-32,
- each Ri is independently selected from the group consisting of H, OH, C1-C32 alkyl, C1-C32 substituted alkyl, C 6 -C 32 aryl, C5-C 32 substituted aryl, C 6 -C 32 alkylaryl, C 6 -C 32 substituted alkylaryl, C1-C 32 alkoxy and C1-C 32 substituted alkoxy,
- each R 3 is independently selected from the group consisting of C1-C 32 alkylene, Ci- C 32 substituted alkylene, C 6 -C 32 aryl, C5-C 32 substituted aryl, C 6 -C 32 alkylenearyl, and C5-C 32 substituted alkylenearyl,
- each index m is one or zero
- each index p is an integer of from about 2 to about 1000
- the index n is an integer of from about 1 to about 50.
- the silicone is present at a level in the range of from about 0.5 wt-% to about 20 wt-%, preferably from about 1 wt-% to about 20 wt-%, and most preferably from about 1 wt-% to about 10 wt-% by weight based on the total weight of the solid fabric softener composition.
- the ratio of the dialkyl quaternary ammonium compound to the silicone in the solid fabric softener composition provides efficacious softening without deleterious effects on treated surfaces when provided in a ratio less than about 3: 1, preferably from about 2.4: 1 to about 1.8:1, or most preferably from about 2: 1.
- the solid fabric softening compositions also include at least one, at least two, or at least three processing aids for solidification.
- the processing aids for solidification participate in maintaining the compositions in a solid form.
- the solidification agent can maintain the overall composition, including solid and liquid components, in a solid form.
- the solid form of the solid fabric softening compositions referred to herein is a solid block and not loose powder or flowable powder.
- the processing aids can provide other advantageous features to the compositions.
- the processing aids can reduce the weeping or sloughing of the solid fabric softening compositions during dispensing and use.
- the processing aids can comprise, consist of or consist essentially of one or more polyethylene glycol, a surfactant, an acidulant (such as a long chain fatty acid or its salt), stabilizing agent, and/or a salt.
- the processing aid for solidification includes one or more non- deliquescent materials.
- a non-deliquescent material provides a non- hygroscopic material such that when the solid composition is exposed to humidity (such as during the dispensing of a solid composition) the composition does not absorb water or does not absorb sufficient water to become liquid. This is important due to the dispensing challenges, namely humid environments that the solid compositions are exposed to.
- Suitable processing aids for solidification include at least one solid polyethylene glycol
- PEG PEG
- one or more PEG can be included in the solid fabric softening compositions.
- the PEG includes at least one of PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG 600, PEG 800, PEG 1,000, PEG 2,000, PEG 3,000, PEG 4,000, PEG 5,000, PEG 6,000, PEG 7,000, PEG 8,000, PEG 9,000, PEG 10,000, and derivatives and the like.
- the PEG includes a combination of at least two of PEG 200, PEG 400, PEG 600, PEG 800, PEG 1,000, PEG 2,000, PEG 3,000,
- the processing aid for solidification can include methoxy poly(ethylene glycol).
- two or more PEG having different molecular weights are included in the solid fabric softening compositions.
- MPEG methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)
- MPEG is employed as the processing aid, which can be combined with other processing aids.
- the PEG is present at a level in the range of from about 0 wt-% to about 25 wt-%, from about 5 wt-% to about 25 wt-%, preferably from about 5 wt-% to about 20 wt-%, and most preferably from about 5 wt-% to about 15 wt-% by weight based on the total weight of the solid fabric softener composition.
- Salts may also be included in the solidification matrix, preferably water soluble salts.
- Salts, including water soluble salts can be either organic or inorganic.
- Water soluble salts include a salt of a polycarboxylic acid, which is an acid with more than one carboxylate group, including for example diacids and triacids such as citrate.
- Water soluble salts include salts of acids such as carboxylic acids (aliphatic, acetic, formic), aromatic (benzoic, salicylic) or dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic, phthalic, sebacic, adipic, glutaric; tricarboxylic acids such as citric acid, carboxylic acids such as aliphatic (oleic, palmitic, stearic), or aromatic acids
- acids such as carboxylic acids (aliphatic, acetic, formic), aromatic (benzoic, salicylic) or dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic, phthalic, sebacic, adipic, glutaric; tricarboxylic acids such as citric acid, carboxylic acids such as aliphatic (oleic, palmitic, stearic), or aromatic
- salts can also include neutral salts, including for example, sulphates and the like.
- a preferred salt of an acid is sodium citrate and/or monosodium citrate.
- the salt is present at a level in the range of from about 0 wt-% to about 50 wt-%, from about 5 wt-% to about 50 wt-%, from about 5 wt-% to about 50 wt-%, from about 10 wt-% to about 50 wt-%, preferably from about 15 wt-% to about 50 wt-%, preferably from about 20 wt-% to about 40 wt-%, and most preferably from about 25 wt-% to about 40 wt-% by weight based on the total weight of the solid fabric softener composition.
- the solid fabric softening compositions may also include an acidulant.
- the acid has to be compatible with the other ingredients in the composition.
- One or more acidulants can be included in the solid fabric softening compositions.
- a wide range of acidic materials can be used including, but not limited to: oxalic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, tartaric acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, amino tri(methylene phosphonic) acid, l-hydroxyethylidine-l,l-diphosphonic acid, hexamethylene diamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid), ammonium or sodium bifluoride, ammonium or sodium silicofluoride, ammonium or sodium bisulfate, ammonium or sodium bisulfite, hydroxyacetic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfamic acid.
- a preferred class of acidulants are polycarboxylic acids such as dicarboxylic acids.
- the acids which are preferred include adipic, glutaric, succinic, and mixtures thereof.
- a preferred acidulant is a mixture of adipic, glutaric and succinic acid, which is a raw material sold by BASF under the name SOKALAN® DCS.
- an acid that not only affects the pH, but also is capable of chelating iron over the pH range of 2 to 8.
- Dissolved iron in both ferric and ferrous oxidation states is found in many water supplies used for laundering fabrics. Iron can enter the water supply from the water source whether groundwater or surface water or from iron pipes either used in the municipal water supply or for plumbing at the site. Even small amounts of dissolved iron, less than 0.5 ppm, can cause white fabrics to yellow or colored fabrics to discolor over time. Water softening equipment used to remove the calcium and magnesium ions from hard water does not completely remove troublesome iron ions from the water.
- Preferred iron chelating acids include citric acid, gluconic acid and amino tri(methylene phosphonic acid). Citric acid is the most preferred acid material since it acidifies, buffers in the proper range, chelates iron and is mild to fabrics and skin.
- the acidulant concentration in the composition range from about 0 wt-% to about 60 wt-
- the components of the solid fabric softening compositions can further be combined with various functional components suitable for use in laundry softening applications.
- the solid fabric softening composition including the quaternary ammonium compound, silicone, and processing aids for solidification make up a large amount, or even substantially all of the total weight of the solid composition. For example, in some embodiments few or no additional functional ingredients are disposed therein.
- additional functional ingredients may be included in the compositions.
- the functional ingredients provide desired properties and functionalities to the compositions.
- the term "functional ingredient” includes a material that when dispersed or dissolved in a use and/or concentrate solution, such as an aqueous solution or suspension, provides a beneficial property in fabric softening and/or maintaining stability and suitable dispensing of the solid composition.
- the compositions include a corrosion inhibitor.
- the compositions may include additional salts, defoaming agents, anti-redeposition agents, solubility modifiers, dispersants, stabilizing agents, sequestrants and/or chelating agents, surfactants (including nonionic surfactants), anti-wrinkling agents, optical brighteners, fragrances and/or dyes, rheology modifiers or thickeners, hydrotropes or couplers, buffers, solvents, enzymes, soil-release agents, dye scavengers, starch / crisping agent, germicides / fungicides, antioxidants or other skin care components, sanitizers and components for residual protection, and the like.
- the solid composition may also include optional wetting agents or surfactants.
- surfactant(s) is included as a processing aid for solidification.
- the surfactant can replace at a least a portion of another processing aid for solidification, such as PEG.
- surfactants utilized include those selected from water soluble or water dispersible nonionic, semi-polar nonionic, cationic, anionic or any combination thereof.
- nonionic or cationic surfactants are preferred due to compatibility with quaternary ammonium compounds.
- nonionic surfactants with HLB values between about 10 to about 15 are preferred.
- HLB Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance
- An HLB scale was derived as a means for comparing the relative hydrophilicity of amphiphilic molecules. Molecules with an HLB value of 10 or greater indicate that the molecule is hydrophilic and soluble in water.
- Nonionic surfactants useful in the solid compositions include alcohol ethoxylate surfactants.
- Alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants include: Tomadol 25-7 available from Tomah; Dehypon LS 54 available from Henkel; Pluronic N-3, Plurafac LF-221, Plurafac D-25, and SLF-18 available from BASF.
- Additional Pluronics may include block copolymers, such as Pluronics F-108 (Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)).
- Useful nonionic surfactants include:
- Block poly oxypropylene-polyoxy ethylene polymeric compounds based upon propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, trimethylolpropane, and ethylenediamine as the initiator reactive hydrogen compound.
- Examples of polymeric compounds made from a sequential propoxylation and ethoxylation of initiator are commercially available from BASF Corp.
- One class of compounds are difunctional (two reactive hydrogens) compounds formed by condensing ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the addition of propylene oxide to the two hydroxyl groups of propylene glycol. This hydrophobic portion of the molecule weighs from about 1,000 to about 4,000.
- Ethylene oxide is then added to sandwich this hydrophobe between hydrophilic groups, controlled by length to constitute from about 10% by weight to about 80% by weight of the final molecule.
- Another class of compounds are tetra-flinctional block copolymers derived from the sequential addition of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide to ethylenediamine.
- the molecular weight of the propylene oxide hydrotype ranges from about 500 to about 7,000; and, the hydrophile, ethylene oxide, is added to constitute from about 10% by weight to about 80% by weight of the molecule. 2.
- the alkyl group can, for example, be represented by diisobutylene, di-amyl, polymerized propylene, iso-octyl, nonyl, and di-nonyl.
- These surfactants can be polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols. Examples of commercial compounds of this chemistry are available on the market under the trade names Igepal® manufactured by Rhone-Poulenc and Triton® manufactured by Union Carbide.
- the alcohol moiety can consist of mixtures of alcohols in the above delineated carbon range or it can consist of an alcohol having a specific number of carbon atoms within this range.
- Examples of like commercial surfactant are available under the trade names UtensilTM, DehydolTM manufactured by BASF, NeodolTM manufactured by Shell Chemical Co. and AlfonicTM manufactured by Vista Chemical Co.
- ester moieties have one or more reactive hydrogen sites on their molecule which can undergo further acylation or ethylene oxide (alkoxide) addition to control the hydrophilicity of these substances. Care must be exercised when adding these fatty ester or acylated carbohydrates to compositions of the present invention containing amylase and/or lipase enzymes because of potential incompatibility.
- nonionic low foaming surfactants examples include:
- end blocking the terminal hydroxy group or groups (of multi-functional moieties) to reduce foaming by reaction with a small hydrophobic molecule such as propylene oxide, butylene oxide, benzyl chloride; and, short chain fatty acids, alcohols or alkyl halides containing from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms; and mixtures thereof.
- reactants such as thionyl chloride which convert terminal hydroxy groups to a chloride group.
- Such modifications to the terminal hydroxy group may lead to all-block, block-heteric, heteric-block or all-heteric nonionics.
- R is an alkyl group of 8 to 9 carbon atoms
- A is an alkylene chain of 3 to 4 carbon atoms
- n is an integer of 7 to 16
- m is an integer of 1 to 10.
- Y is the residue of organic compound having from about 1 to 6 carbon atoms and one reactive hydrogen atom
- n has an average value of at least about 6.4, as determined by hydroxyl number
- m has a value such that the oxy ethylene portion constitutes about 10% to about 90% by weight of the molecule.
- Y Compounds falling within the scope of the definition for Y include, for example, propylene glycol, glycerine, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, ethylenediamine and the like.
- the oxypropylene chains optionally, but advantageously, contain small amounts of ethylene oxide and the oxy ethylene chains also optionally, but advantageously, contain small amounts of propylene oxide.
- Additional conjugated polyoxyalkylene surface-active agents which are advantageously used in the compositions of this invention correspond to the formula: P[(C 3 H 6 0)n(C2H40)mH] x wherein P is the residue of an organic compound having from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and containing x reactive hydrogen atoms in which x has a value of 1 or 2, n has a value such that the molecular weight of the polyoxyethylene portion is at least about 44 and m has a value such that the oxypropylene content of the molecule is from about 10% to about 90% by weight.
- the oxypropylene chains may contain optionally, but advantageously, small amounts of ethylene oxide and the oxyethylene chains may contain also optionally, but advantageously, small amounts of propylene oxide.
- Polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants suitable for use in the present compositions include those having the structural formula R2CONR1Z in which: Rl is H, C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl, ethoxy, propoxy group, or a mixture thereof; R2 is a C5-C31 hydrocarbyl, which can be straight-chain; and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (preferably ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z can be derived from a reducing sugar in a reductive amination reaction; such as a glycityl moiety.
- alkyl ethoxylate condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from about
- the alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 6 to 22 carbon atoms, more preferably between 10 and 18 carbon atoms, most preferably between 12 and 16 carbon atoms.
- the ethoxylated C6-C18 fatty alcohols and C6-C18 mixed ethoxylated and propoxylated fatty alcohols are suitable surfactants for use in the present compositions, particularly those that are water soluble.
- Suitable ethoxylated fatty alcohols include the C6-C18 ethoxylated fatty alcohols with a degree of ethoxylation of from 3 to 50.
- Suitable nonionic alkylpolysaccharide surfactants particularly for use in the present compositions include those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,565,647, Llenado, issued Jan. 21, 1986. These surfactants include a hydrophobic group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from about 1.3 to about 10 saccharide units. Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose, galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties.
- the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-, etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside.
- the intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6-positions on the preceding saccharide units.
- Fatty acid amide surfactants suitable for use the present compositions include those having the formula: R6CON(R 7 )2 in which R 6 is an alkyl group containing from 7 to 21 carbon atoms and each R 7 is independently hydrogen, Ci- C 4 alkyl, Ci- C 4 hydroxyalkyl, or— ( C2H 4 0)XH, where x is in the range of from 1 to 3.
- a useful class of non-ionic surfactants include the class defined as alkoxylated amines or, most particularly, alcohol alkoxylated/aminated/alkoxylated surfactants. These non ionic surfactants may be at least in part represented by the general formulae: R 20 — (PO)sN— (EO) tH, R 20 — (PO)sN— (EO) tH(EO)tH, and R 20 — N(EO) tH; in which R 20 is an alkyl, alkenyl or other aliphatic group, or an alkyl-aryl group of from 8 to 20, preferably 12 to 14 carbon atoms, EO is oxy ethylene, PO is oxypropylene, s is 1 to 20, preferably 2-5, t is 1-10, preferably 2-5, and u is 1-10, preferably 2-5.
- R 20 is as defined above, v is 1 to 20 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 (preferably 2)), and w and z are independently 1-10, preferably 2-5.
- R 20 is as defined above, v is 1 to 20 (e.g., 1, 2, 3, or 4 (preferably 2)), and w and z are independently 1-10, preferably 2-5.
- These compounds are represented commercially by a line of products sold by Huntsman Chemicals as nonionic surfactants.
- a preferred chemical of this class includes SurfonicTM PEA 25 Amine Alkoxylate.
- Preferred nonionic surfactants for the compositions of the invention include alcohol alkoxylates, EO/PO block copolymers, alkylphenol al
- Nonionic Surfactants edited by Schick, M. J., Vol. 1 of the Surfactant Science Series, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1983 is an excellent reference on the wide variety of nonionic compounds generally employed in the practice of the present invention.
- a typical listing of nonionic classes, and species of these surfactants, is given in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678 issued to Laughlin and Heuring on Dec. 30, 1975. Further examples are given in
- compositions are surface active substances which are categorized as anionics because the charge on the hydrophobe is negative; or surfactants in which the hydrophobic section of the molecule carries no charge unless the pH is elevated to neutrality or above (e.g. carboxylic acids).
- carboxylic acids e.g. carboxylic acids
- Carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate and phosphate are the polar (hydrophilic) solubilizing groups found in anionic surfactants.
- cations counter ions
- sodium, lithium and potassium impart water solubility;
- ammonium and substituted ammonium ions provide both water and oil solubility; and, calcium, barium, and magnesium promote oil solubility.
- Anionic surfactants can be added in an amount between about 1 wt.% and about 10 wt.%; more preferably between about 1 wt.% and about 5 wt.%.
- Anionic sulfate surfactants suitable for use in the present compositions include alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfates, the linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxysulfates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, the Cs - Ci7 acyl-N-(Ci -C 4 alkyl) and -N-(Ci -C2 hydroxyalkyl) glucamine sulfates, and sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside, and the like.
- alkyl sulfates alkyl poly(ethyleneoxy) ether sulfates and aromatic poly(ethyleneoxy) sulfates such as the sulfates or condensation products of ethylene oxide and nonyl phenol (usually having 1 to 6 oxy ethylene groups per molecule).
- Anionic sulfonate surfactants suitable for use in the present compositions also include alkyl sulfonates, the linear and branched primary and secondary alkyl sulfonates, and the aromatic sulfonates with or without substituents.
- Anionic carboxylate surfactants suitable for use in the present compositions include carboxylic acids (and salts), such as alkanoic acids (and alkanoates), ester carboxylic acids (e.g. alkyl succinates), ether carboxylic acids, sulfonated fatty acids, such as sulfonated oleic acid, and the like.
- Such carboxylates include alkyl ethoxy carboxylates, alkyl aryl ethoxy carboxylates, alkyl poly ethoxy poly carboxylate surfactants and soaps (e.g. alkyl carboxyls).
- Secondary carboxylates useful in the present compositions include those which contain a carboxyl unit connected to a secondary carbon.
- the secondary carbon can be in a ring structure, e.g. as in p- octyl benzoic acid, or as in alkyl-substituted cyclohexyl carboxylates.
- carboxylate surfactants typically contain no ether linkages, no ester linkages and no hydroxyl groups. Further, they typically lack nitrogen atoms in the head-group (amphiphilic portion). Suitable secondary soap surfactants typically contain 11-13 total carbon atoms, although more carbons atoms (e.g., up to 16) can be present. Suitable carboxylates also include acylamino acids (and salts), such as acylgluamates, acyl peptides, sarcosinates (e.g. N-acyl sarcosinates), taurates (e.g. N-acyl taurates and fatty acid amides of methyl tauride), and the like.
- acylamino acids and salts
- Suitable anionic surfactants include alkyl or alkylaryl ethoxy carboxylates of the following formula:
- n is an integer of 4 to 10 and m is 1.
- R is a Cs-Ci 6 alkyl group.
- R is a C12-C14 alkyl group, n is 4, and m is 1.
- R is and R 1 is a C6-C 12 alkyl group. In still yet other embodiments, R 1 is a C9 alkyl group, n is 10 and m is 1.
- alkyl and alkylaryl ethoxy carboxylates are commercially available. These ethoxy carboxylates are typically available as the acid forms, which can be readily converted to the anionic or salt form.
- compositions are surface active substances which are categorized as cationic surfactants if the charge on the hydrotrope portion of the molecule is positive.
- cationic surfactants in which the hydrotrope carries no charge unless the pH is lowered close to neutrality or lower, but which are then cationic (e.g. alkyl amines), are also included in this group.
- cationic surfactants may be synthesized from any combination of elements containing an "onium" structure RnX+Y— and could include compounds other than nitrogen (ammonium) such as phosphorus (phosphonium) and sulfur (sulfonium).
- nitrogen phosphorus phosphonium
- sulfur sulfonium
- the cationic surfactant field is dominated by nitrogen containing compounds, probably because synthetic routes to nitrogenous cationics are simple and straightforward and give high yields of product, which can make them less expensive.
- Amine oxide cationic surfactants are not included in cationics suitable for use in the solid compositions described herein.
- Cationic surfactants preferably include, more preferably refer to, compounds containing at least one long carbon chain hydrophobic group and at least one positively charged nitrogen.
- the long carbon chain group may be attached directly to the nitrogen atom by simple substitution; or more preferably indirectly by a bridging functional group or groups in so-called interrupted alkylamines and amido amines.
- Such functional groups can make the molecule more hydrophilic and/or more water dispersible, more easily water solubilized by co-surfactant mixtures, and/or water soluble.
- additional primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups can be introduced or the amino nitrogen can be quaternized with low molecular weight alkyl groups.
- the nitrogen can be a part of branched or straight chain moiety of varying degrees of unsaturation or of a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring.
- cationic surfactants may contain complex linkages having more than one cationic nitrogen atom.
- R represents an alkyl chain
- R', R", and R" may be either alkyl chains or aryl groups or hydrogen and X represents an anion.
- the first class includes alkylamines and their salts.
- the second class includes alkyl imidazolines.
- the third class includes ethoxylated amines.
- the fourth class includes quaternaries, such as
- alkylbenzyldimethylammonium salts alkylbenzene salts, heterocyclic ammonium salts, tetra alkylammonium salts, and the like.
- Cationic surfactants useful in the compositions include those having the formula
- R 1 mR 2 xYLZ wherein each R 1 is an organic group containing a straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with up to three phenyl or hydroxy groups and optionally interrupted by up to four of the following structures:
- R 1 groups can additionally contain up to 12 ethoxy groups m is a number from 1 to 3.
- no more than one R 1 group in a molecule has 16 or more carbon atoms when m is 2 or more than 12 carbon atoms when m is 3.
- Each R 2 is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a benzyl group with no more than one R 2 in a molecule being benzyl, and x is a number from 0 to 11, preferably from 0 to 6.
- Y is can be a group including, but not limited to:
- L is 1 or 2
- Y groups being separated by a moiety selected from R 1 and R 2 analogs (preferably alkylene or alkenylene) having from 1 to about 22 carbon atoms and two free carbon single bonds when L is 2.
- Z is a water soluble anion, such as a halide, sulfate, methyl sulfate, hydroxide, or nitrate anion, particularly preferred being chloride, bromide, iodide, sulfate or methyl sulfate anions, in a number to give electrical neutrality of the cationic component.
- the solid composition may also include a medium to long chain fatty carboxylic acid as a stabilizer.
- the stabilizer is included as a processing aid for solidification.
- Exemplary fatty acids, such as a free fatty acids can be employed and the term“fatty acid” is used herein in the broadest sense to include unprotonated or protonated forms of a fatty acid.
- the pH of an aqueous composition will largely determine whether a fatty acid is protonated or unprotonated.
- the fatty acid may be in its unprotonated, or salt form, together with a counter ion, such as, but not limited to, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and the like.
- the term“free fatty acid” means a fatty acid that is not bound to another chemical moiety (covalently or otherwise).
- the fatty acid may include those containing from 12 to 25, from 13 to 22, or even from 16 to 20, total carbon atoms, with the fatty moiety containing from 10 to 22, from 12 to 18, or even from 14 (mid-cut) to 18 carbon atoms.
- the fatty acids may be derived from (1) an animal fat, and/or a partially hydrogenated animal fat, such as beef tallow, lard, etc.; (2) a vegetable oil, and/or a partially hydrogenated vegetable oil such as canola oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, sunflower oil, sesame seed oil, rapeseed oil, cottonseed oil, com oil, soybean oil, tall oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, other tropical palm oils, linseed oil, tung oil, castor oil, etc.; (3) processed and/or bodied oils, such as linseed oil or tung oil via thermal, pressure, alkali-isomerization and catalytic treatments; (4) combinations thereof, to yield saturated (e.g.
- stearic acid unsaturated (e.g. oleic acid), polyunsaturated (linoleic acid), branched (e.g. isostearic acid) or cyclic (e.g. saturated or unsaturated disubstituted cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl derivatives of polyunsaturated acids) fatty acids.
- unsaturated e.g. oleic acid
- polyunsaturated linoleic acid
- branched e.g. isostearic acid
- cyclic e.g. saturated or unsaturated disubstituted cyclopentyl or cyclohexyl derivatives of polyunsaturated acids
- Suitable carboxylic acids may be saturated or unsaturated, but are preferably saturated carboxylic acids.
- carboxylic acids have from about 10 to about 22 carbon atoms on the alkyl or alkenyl chain, and are in either straight chain or branched chain configuration, preferable carboxylic acids are in straight chain configuration having from about 14 to about 22 carbon atoms.
- useful carboxylic acids include stearic acid (Cl 8), palmitic acid (Cl 6) or behenic acid (C22).
- Additional examples include long chain fatty acids or its salt, such as stearic acid, palmitic acid, coco fatty acid, stearic monoethanol amide, coco- monoethanolamide, and the like.
- Additional stabilizing agents can include SMEA (stearic monoethanolamide).
- SMEA stearic monoethanolamide
- Various hydrophobic species that are solid at room temperature are suitable for use as stabilizing agents, including but not limited to: palmitic acid, coco fatty acid, stearic monoethanolamide, coco- monoethanolamide, fatty acids described above.
- Preferred stabilizing agents have a solubility between 4 ppm and 10,000 ppm in water at 45°C and a melting point above 50 °C.
- the stabilizer is present at a level of from about 0% to about 5.0% by weight based on the total weight of the composition preferably from about 0.5% to about 4.5%, and most preferably from about 1% to about 4% by weight based on the total weight of the solid fabric softener composition.
- the solid composition may also include at least one additional salt.
- the additional salt is a salt for conductivity and/or is an inorganic anion or non-sequestering organic anion to allow for standard measurements of conductivity of the wash solution.
- Sodium chloride is preferably used, however a wide variety of ionizable salts can be used. Examples of suitable salts are the halides and acetates of the group IA metals of the Periodic Table of the Elements, for example, lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, calcium bromide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, sodium acetate, potassium acetate, or mixtures thereof. Sodium chloride is preferred.
- the ionizable salts are particularly useful during the process of mixing the ingredients to make the compositions herein, and later to obtain the desired conductivity for measurement of
- the amount of ionizable salts used depends on the amount of active ingredients used in the compositions and can be adjusted according to the desire of the formulator.
- a salt for conductivity included in the solid compositions preferably has a solubility of at least about 5 ppm at 45 °C. In preferred embodiments, a salt for conductivity included in the solid compositions preferably has a solubility above stearic acid.
- the salt for conductivity such as sodium chloride can be present at a level of from about 0% to about 60% by weight based on the total weight of the composition preferably from about 1% to about 50% by weight based on the total weight of the solid fabric softener composition.
- a dispersant may be included to help remove soils and microorganisms from articles and surfaces.
- dispersants include, but are not limited to, to water soluble polymers, surfactants, hydrotropes, and wetting agents.
- the dispersant is an anionic surfactant.
- the composition need not include a dispersant, but when a dispersant is included it can be included in an amount that provides the desired dispersant properties. Suitable ranges of the dispersant in the composition can be up to about 20 wt-%, about 0.5 to about 15 wt- %, or about 2 to about 9 wt-%. Fragrance
- the solid composition may also include any softener compatible fragrance/perfume. Suitable perfumes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,138, said patent being incorporated herein by reference.
- the solid laundry fabric softening compositions are preferably multi-use solid compositions formed by combining the components in the weight percentages and ratios disclosed herein.
- the solid compositions are provided as a solid and a use solution, wherein the use solution is a suspension, is formed during the dispensing and / or laundering process.
- the solid compositions are substantially homogeneous with regard to the distribution of ingredients throughout its mass and are dimensionally stable.
- the solid compositions can be a cast or extruded solid.
- the resulting solid may take forms including, but not limited to pellet, block, or tablet.
- the solids do not include loose or flowable powders
- the compositions are solid blocks with dimensional stability, as measured by a growth exponent of less than 3% if heated to a temperate of 120F taking into account change in any dimension of the solid composition.
- the solids can have a weight of at least about 50 grams, at least about 100 grams, at least about 250 grams, at least about 1 kilogram, or at least about 10 kilograms.
- the solid composition may be dissolved, for example, in an aqueous or other medium, to create a concentrated and/or use solution.
- the solution may be directed to a storage reservoir for later use and/or dilution, or may be applied directly to a point of use in the laundering application.
- the solid compositions are beneficially designed as multi- use solids, such as blocks, and can be repeatedly used as a solid fabric softening composition for multiple cycles.
- the solid compositions described herein are solidified as cast solids.
- the solid compositions can be manufactured in commonly available mixing equipment.
- a mixing system may be used to provide for continuous mixing of the ingredients at high enough shear to form a substantially
- homogeneous solid or semi-solid mixture in which the ingredients are distributed throughout its mass.
- the mixture is processed at a temperature to maintain the physical and chemical stability of the ingredients.
- An ingredient may be in the form of a liquid or a solid such as a dry particulate, and may be added to the mixture separately or as part of a premix with another ingredient.
- One or more premixes may be added to the mixture.
- the ingredients are mixed to form a substantially homogeneous consistency wherein the ingredients are distributed substantially evenly throughout the mass.
- the mixture can be discharged from the mixing system through a die or other shaping means.
- the profiled extrudate then can be divided into useful sizes with a controlled mass.
- the composition hardens due to the chemical or physical reaction of the requisite ingredients forming the solid.
- the solidification process may last from a few minutes to about six hours, or more, depending, for example, on the size of the cast or extruded composition, the ingredients of the composition, the temperature of the composition, and other like factors.
- the cast composition "sets up” or begins to hardens to a solid form within about 1 minute to about 3 hours, or in the range of about 1 minute to about 2 hours, or in some embodiments, within about 1 minute to about 20 minutes.
- the solid softener is dispensed by contacting a solid with a sufficient amount of water to dissolve at least a portion of the solid fabric softener composition, thereby forming a dissolved portion of the solid fabric softener composition that can then be added to the rinse cycle of the laundry process.
- the water temperature for dispensing should be from about 40°C to about 60°C, preferably from about 45°C to about 55°C.
- the formulations of the present invention preferably dispense at greater than 10 grams/minute, more preferably greater than 15 grams/minute, and most preferably greater than 20 grams/minute without experiencing any weeping, sloughing or chunking in the dispensing of the multi-use solid blocks.
- the dispensing of the solid compositions described herein beneficially provide a non-weeping solid composition wherein the mass loss of the solid composition is less than about 10 grams per 100 grams (10%) at a temperature of up to l20°F for 72 hours.
- the diluted liquid compositions formed from the solid compositions disclosed herein are preferably used in the rinse cycle of the conventional automatic laundry operations.
- rinse water has a temperature from about 5°C to about 60°C.
- Fabrics or fibers are contacted with an amount of the solid softener composition that is effective to achieve the desired level of softness.
- the amount used is based upon the judgment of the user, depending on concentration of the softening material, fiber or fabric type, degree of softness desired, and the like.
- the amount of softener dispensed is typically characterized as the ratio of the amount of softening quaternary ammonium compound active to the amount of linen. This ratio is preferably in the range of from 0.01% quaternary ammonium compound active to linen to as high as 0.25%, more preferably in the range of 0.025% to 0.20%.
- the amount of water used to deliver this amount of solid softening composition can be any amount that can conveniently dissolve the desired dose in the required amount of time to deliver the softening composition to the rinse cycle of the machine. For example, using water from 45°C to 55°C a 100 g dose of softening composition is typically dispensed in from 1 to 4 minutes using from 2 to 10 liters of water.
- the solid fabric softening compositions beneficially provide softness without causing any significant loss of water absorption or wicking to the treated linen.
- the solid fabric softening compositions do not reduce water absorption - which can be measured by the distance water can wick up a treated linen in a fixed period of time (as outlined in the Examples).
- the treated linens have premium softness in addition to whiteness, brightness and malodor removal.
- softness it is meant that the quality perceived by users through their tactile sense to be soft.
- Such tactile perceivable softness may be characterized by, but not limited to resilience, flexibility, fluffmess, slipperiness, and smoothness and subjective descriptions such as "feeling like silk or flannel.”
- the softness resulting from the use of the solid fabric softening composition is at least equivalent to the softness preference exhibited by commercially available liquid fabric softener compositions.
- the solid fabric softening compositions beneficially provide softness without causing any significant yellowing or discoloration to the treated linen.
- the yellowing gives the linens an unclean or unsavory appearance at best.
- the use of quaternary ammonium fabric conditioners which cause yellowing may provide a nice feel, but shorten the overall life of a linen because the linen must be discarded before its otherwise useful life is exhausted.
- yellowing is less obvious but the quaternary ammonium compounds cause a dulling of the colors over time.
- spectrophotometer typically through“L,”“a,” and“b” values of the color scale. The color change is then reported as delta E (as outlined in the Examples) between treated and new linen. Typically a value of delta E > 1 is considered perceptible to the human eye and indicates discoloration, such as yellowing.
- Low iodine value quat (LQ1) - DHTDMAC dihydrogenated tallow dimethyl ammonium chloride, having an iodine value of 0;
- Sokalan DCS - mixture of dicarboxylic acids adipic, glutaric and succinic acid;
- Silicone - aminofunctional silicone fluid Silicone - aminofunctional silicone fluid.
- a fabric softness study was conducted to compare the fabric softening capability of a biodegradable high iodine value (HQ) triethanolamine (TEA) ester-quaternary ammonium compound to a nonbiodegradable low iodine value (LQ1) DHTDMAC quaternary ammonium compound.
- the low iodine value style quaternary ammonium compounds are known to provide fabric softening and this study was conducted to compare the fabric softening capability.
- a total of 20 consecutive laundering cycles— involving both wash and dry cycles— were performed on two sets of linens comprising cotton terry towels. All treatment towels were scoured by running two consecutive wash cycles using a high amount (7 oz /cwt) of an alkaline detergent.
- a 35- pound washer was filled with 28 pounds of cotton terry towels. The remaining wash and dry cycles were then run consecutively according to two different treatment systems set forth in Table 2. After the cycles were completed, the towels were kept in a controlled environmental chamber overnight at a temperature of between 65°F and 75°F, with a humidity of 40-50%.
- the towels were assessed by a human panel of at least 20 different panelists.
- the towels were folded identically and the order of the samples (e.g. AB or BA) was randomized across panels.
- the panelists had to touch/handle both towels in each set and choose which towel possessed superior qualities (in this case, softness).
- the panelists had to choose one towel from each pair; if the panelist maintained no difference between the towels, the data indicated the pairs were equal.
- DHTDMAC quaternary ammonium compounds on the appearance of linens was assessed.
- an amino-functional silicone was evaluated in combination to combat the undesirable effects of DHTDMAC quaternary ammonium compounds.
- liquid silicone to a solid fabric softener makes the formulations soft and leads to sloughing during dispensing. This undesirable effect on a solid is a limitation that must be overcome to develop a solid fabric softener composition that not only prevents dinginess and a reduction in wi eking capabilities, but also sloughing and softness.
- wicking/absorption was also measured.
- three test swatches sized 4”x7” were cut out of the test towels. The test swatches are marked with a line located 10 mm from the bottom. A colored dye solution is placed into a wicking apparatus, which comprises a basin filled partially with a blue dye solution. The test swatches were suspended from the top of the wicking apparatus using paper binder clamps, and then the swatches were lowered into the colored dye solution up to the marked 10 mm line. The test swatches were left undisturbed for six minutes.
- test swatches were removed from the dye solution, and the highest point reached by the dye solution is marked with a dot. The distance between the 10 mm line to the dot is measured. The procedure was repeated at least three times and averaged for the final data point. A larger water wicking distance on terry towels indicated a higher water absorption capacity of the towels. A result of at least 20 mm or greater is a preferred result for water absorption.
- Table 3 The results of the wicking test are provided in Table 3.
- the DHTDMAC/silicone ratio which maintains ideal linen color and moisture absorption was identified between approximately 3 : 1 to 1.8: 1. At the high end of the ratio, a change in linen color is noted after the twentieth laundering cycle. At a DHTDMAC/silicone ratio of 2.4 and below, the linen color change was much lower; no perceptible difference was noted with respect to the color of the garments. Water absorption was adequate for towels treated with a fabric softener composition with a DHTDMAC/silicone ratio of 2.4 or below.
- the samples were prepared, they were chilled overnight below 0°C. The samples were allowed to come up to room temperature and were weighed to assess a starting weight. Then, in sets of eight, the specimen cup samples were placed on metal stands in a l20°F water bath for two days. The samples were removed, weighed, and evaluated using visual observations, a Penetrometer and the Likert scale every twelve hours over the course of two days. Table 4.
- Penetrometer hardness is an indicator of sloughing because samples that become soft under high-humidity conditions are prone to falling apart either from gravity or the water pressure of a dispenser.
- Table 6 depicts the concentration of the quaternary ammonium compound, the initial mass and hardness, as well as the final mass, weeping, and hardness.
- Formulation 1 was harder than either Formulation 2 or Formulation 5.
- Formulation 2 was softer than both Formulation 1 and Formulation 5, suggesting that for samples containing the same amount of quaternary ammonium compounds, those with high iodine value quaternary ammonium compounds were softer than those made with low iodine value quaternary ammonium compounds.
- the same trend was noted between Formulation 3 and Formulation 4 before weeping.
- Formulations containing low iodine value quaternary ammonium compounds both comprising and lacking silicone were evaluated. Samples were made with a quaternary ammonium compound having an iodine number of ⁇ 15. One of test formulations further contained silicone, as shown in Table 7. The samples were assessed using the methods described in Example 3, including the Likert scale according to Table 5.
- both formulations demonstrate acceptable hardness. Both formulations also demonstrate minimal mass loss from weeping. As a result, the formulations made with LQ2, both with and without silicone, maintain strength and cohesion under weeping conditions.
- LQ2 high iodine value, i.e. an iodine value of greater than 15
- LQ1 low iodine value, i.e. an iodine value equal to or less than 15
- the ratios were chosen using the ratios of Example 1 as a baseline.
- Mixture samples were prepared according to the formulations in Table 8.
- Formulation 18 comprising PEG 8000, demonstrated acceptable hardness and mass loss under weeping conditions; however, Formulation 17 lost less mass and had an overall better appearance in terms of cohesion and uniformity.
- Formulation 22 a similar formulation further comprising stearic acid. These formulations were further compared with Formulation 20, containing low levels of PEG and stearic acid. The results indicate that stearic acid can be used as a replacement for PEG and can promote cohesion while maintaining high sample hardness and good weeping performance.
- processing aids can prevent sloughing and mass loss.
- fatty acids like stearic acid and palmitic acid, fatty acid derivatives like stearic monoethanolamide and octadecanedioic acid.
- Formulation 20 had the highest hardness and least mass loss of all samples in Table 11.
- Formulation 23c and 23d were made with monosodium citrate with and without stearic acid, respectively. Adding 1% stearic acid increased cohesion and reduced water penetration into the sample. The same trend was observed with the Formulation 23a and 23b; compared to Formulation 23a, Formulation 23b maintained a harder and more uniform surface under dispensing conditions, and was more resistant to water penetration into the sample.
- Formulation 1 which did not contain silicone, the formula remain hard throughout use and no significant sloughing was observed.
- silicone was added to the formula, as shown by Formulation 2, at an amount needed to decrease dinginess and wi eking, the formula sloughs significantly during use in the dispenser.
- Formulation 3 further comprised anhydrous citric acid.
- Anhydrous citric acid is a non-deliquescent material that remains crystalline in a high humidity chamber.
- Formulation 3 containing the non-deliquescent material, beneficially remained hard throughout use, preventing sloughing during dispensing and preventing both mass loss and weeping.
- Table 12 demonstrates that where a solid fabric softener composition contains silicone, additional materials capable of absorbing moisture and improving hardness should be added. Further non-deliquescent materials were evaluated in Example 1.
- non-deliquescent materials were evaluated for their ability to aid in absorbing moisture and facilitating stability.
- non-deliquescent materials include sodium acetate, magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, lactose monohydrate, potassium chloride, and citric aci d/sodium citrate.
- Tables 10-12 demonstrate that anhydrous citric acid or its salts can be utilized as an additional solidification and anti -weeping aid, especially where silicone is present in the composition.
- further analyses were conducted using citric acid and its salts, as well as other non-deliquescent materials.
- lOO-gram formulations were prepared according to Table 13. Specifically, varying ratios of citric acid and sodium citrate were tested, ranging from 0-15% citric acid and 0-15% sodium citrate.
- Formulations A-B were assessed for hardness and weeping using the methods described in Example 3, including the Likert scale according to Table 5. Table 14 shows the evaluation of these formulations.
- Formulation B exhibited minimal mass loss under weeping conditions.
- Formulation C was easily removable from the specimen container but remained a cohesive block.
- Formulations A-B had minimal to no sloughing.
- Formulations C-E were evaluated for sloughing during dispensing.
- Sample D exhibited the least chunking and sloughing during dispensing.
- Additional formulations employing surfactants were evaluated. ETse of surfactants in the solid formulations to aid processing, dispensing, and reduce sloughing were evaluated.
- Nonionic surfactants with HLB 10-15 were evaluated to add into the formulation to promote dissolution of hydrophobic materials (e.g. quaternary ammonium compounds) and reduce buildup of these materials on the grate in a dispenser for the solid composition.
- Formulations as shown in Table 18 were made with and without surfactant, including nonionics (Surfactant 1 and 2) and cationic (Surfactant 3), and were tested for sloughing. To achieve differentiation, samples were dispensed for 15 cycles at l45°F. To test the solubility of the material remaining on the grate of the dispenser, the softener dispense cycle was then run twice with an empty capsule to rinse any easily soluble material off the grate.
- surfactant including nonionics (Surfactant 1 and 2) and cationic (Surfactant 3)
- Formulation 31 demonstrated improvement in the solubility of hydrophobic components in the formulation, reduced buildup of sloughed material on the dispensing grate, as a result of reduction in sloughing buildup relative to Formulation 33 (no surfactant), Formulation 32 (surfactant HLB ⁇ 10), and Formulation 34 (cationic surfactant).
- the surfactant improved solubility of the quaternary ammonium compound and other hydrophobic species without decreasing softness performance of the composition and allowed higher loading of hydrophobic components.
- the surfactant prevents fouling of dispenser components.
- Formulation 35 exhibited good dispensing behavior, with little to no sloughing.
- Formulation 36 was softer than 4.5% PEG 200, and exhibited good dispensing behavior, with little to no sloughing demonstrating that MPEG 550 is a good processing aid, but PEG 200 is preferred for composition hardness.
- Formulation 37 having 2% PEG 200 in combination with 2% nonionic alcohol ethoxylate surfactant having an HLB between 10-15 showed comparable hardness to
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CA3104685A CA3104685A1 (en) | 2018-06-29 | 2019-06-28 | Formula design for a solid laundry fabric softener |
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WO2022268446A1 (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-29 | Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. | Laundry composition |
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WO2020006346A1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-02 | Ecolab Usa Inc. | Formula design for a solid laundry fabric softener |
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WO2022268446A1 (en) | 2021-06-21 | 2022-12-29 | Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. | Laundry composition |
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AU2019291889B2 (en) | 2021-11-11 |
US20200002644A1 (en) | 2020-01-02 |
JP7135208B2 (en) | 2022-09-12 |
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US11015144B2 (en) | 2021-05-25 |
US20240060009A1 (en) | 2024-02-22 |
US11814606B2 (en) | 2023-11-14 |
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US20210246397A1 (en) | 2021-08-12 |
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