WO2019219939A1

WO2019219939A1 - Method for generative production of a component, device for carrying out the method and motor vehicle

Info

Publication number: WO2019219939A1
Application number: PCT/EP2019/062863
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thorge Hammer; Sören Schiwy; Robert Stache
Original assignee: Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2018-05-18
Filing date: 2019-05-17
Publication date: 2019-11-21
Also published as: DE102018112126A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the generative production of at least one component, to a device for carrying out the method, and to a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car. A method for the generative production of at least one component (12) is provided. A powder (20) of a material (22) is heated by means of laser radiation (30) and at least partly melted, and the molten material (22) solidified for the purpose of at least partially forming the component (12). At least one region (25) of the powder (20) is irradiated with laser radiation (13) emitted by means of at least a first laser source (34), and then irradiated with laser radiation (30) emitted by means of at least a second laser source (34). In this way, heating and/or melting of the region (25) in multiple steps is implemented. At least part of the powder (20) is irradiated at least intermittently simultaneously by means of two laser sources (34), such that the radiation power striking the part is greater than the radiation power that can be implemented by means of one of the laser sources (34).

Description

Method for the generative production of a component, device for carrying out the method and motor vehicle

The invention relates to a method for the generative production of at least one component, a device for carrying out the method and a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car.

Generative manufacturing processes, also referred to as additive manufacturing processes, have found their way into various areas of industrial production due to numerous advantages. In particular, the flexibility of these methods, which allow the production of components without molds and thus can be used without expensive or costly changes for the production of new or modified components, qualifies them for a wide range of applications.

In the powder bed process, a layered structure is carried out in which a

Applied powder layer and the individual powder particles are locally connected. This occurs during selective laser melting, for example by local melting by means of laser radiation. In binder jetting, on the other hand, the particles are bonded together by means of a binder and the component is produced in this way. This method has in common that a surface of a powder bed for the purpose of connecting the powder particles is processed in areas. The loose powder from unprocessed areas can be used to support the following powder layers to be joined

typically removed after fabrication of the component. With such methods, components with overhangs of up to 15 ° can be produced.

In the previously known method is carried out after the connection of

Powder particles of a layer a lowering of the powder bed by one layer height and the orders of another layer of loose powder.

DE 10 2013 01 1 675 A1 describes a method for generating generative components, in which a powdery material is melted in layers by means of laser radiation. This is also called selective laser melting. The intensity of

Laser radiation is spatially and / or temporally changeable within the working plane. In a first area, the intensity is set such that the

Melting temperature of the material is reached or exceeded. In several outlying second areas each set a lower intensity. The

Intensities are independently adjustable. In particular, a preheating of the material can be realized before melting. EP 3 034 205 A2 discloses an apparatus for the generative production of a component on a building surface with a coater for producing a powder layer and a laser for local melting of the powder layer. Furthermore, the device comprises a deflection device for deflecting the laser beam to different areas of the powder layer or for focusing the laser beam and a compensation device for aligning the construction surface and a focal surface of the laser beam to each other. This allows the correction of an adjusted during the manufacturing process focus position and thus serves to set the desired local energy density of the laser beam.

For example, a measuring system may be arranged in the beam path of the laser to image the shape and size of the laser spot and to determine on the basis of whether the laser is focused. The deflector may include an F-theta lens to provide a planar focus area.

DE 10 2015 103 127 A1 describes a laser-based irradiation system for a device for additive manufacturing with a first beam source and a second beam source. The irradiation system furthermore has a common scanner optics for focusing the two laser beams and a beam combiner for superimposing the two beams. This can be split laser beams or different

Laser beams are coupled into a single transport fiber and moved together by means of a scanner optics over a melted area of the powder layer. Radiation from an annular fiber sheath of a transport fiber, which has a larger focus diameter, can heat the powder over a large area to a temperature close to the melting point and the laser beam from the fiber core of the

Transport fiber serves to melt the powder.

In other previously known 3-D printers for the production of metal components, several laser scanner units with respective laser sources share the surface of a

Powder beds and are thus able to produce each areas of jointly manufactured components or separate components. In this way, for example, calipers are produced. In this case, the speed can be increased significantly, since several laser scanner units can produce a component simultaneously. The disadvantage is that all scanners must have completed the production of their assigned area before a new layer of powder can be applied and the process begins again.

It is the object of the invention to provide a method and a device by means of which the generative production of at least one component in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner is possible. The object is achieved by the method for the generative production of at least one component according to claim 1 and by the apparatus for performing the method according to claim 7. Embodiments of the method are specified in the dependent claims 2-6, an embodiment of the device is specified in dependent claim 8. Furthermore, a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car, according to claim 9 is provided.

A first aspect of the invention is a method for the generative production of at least one component in which a powder of a material is heated by means of laser radiation and at least partially melted and solidifies the molten material for the purpose of at least partially forming the component. At least one region of the powder is irradiated with laser radiation emitted by at least one first laser source

subsequently irradiated with laser radiation emitted by means of at least one second laser source. In this way, heating and / or melting of the area is realized in several steps.

At least part of the powder is irradiated at least in sections of time by means of at least two laser sources at the same time, so that the radiation power striking the part is greater than the radiation power that can be realized by means of one of the laser sources.

A powder according to the invention is a present in the form of solid particles

Material. The particle size is typically <0.5 mm. However, it is also possible to use granular substances or substance mixtures with larger particles.

In particular, metallic materials are used. However, the invention is not limited to this, since also thermal plastics or plastic-coated

Metal particles, as they are known from the binder jet process, can be processed. The latter are sintered at higher temperatures in an oven, in particular following the layered construction of the component, in which the plastic for the mechanical connection of the individual powder grains is at least partially melted, to produce a metallic structure with a higher strength.

Typically, powder or surface disposed in a layer

forming powder partially melted. This means that only areas of the layer are melted, so that only in the molten areas, the component is produced, and other areas of the layer are not melted and thus continue to exist as a powder. The at least partial melting of the powder optionally also means that individual particles of the material are only partially melted, in particular in the respective edge regions of the particles, so that there is no continuous liquid phase. Also in this way is a merging of the individual particles forming a substantially solid layer possible. In other words, individual particles can be completely melted, individual particles can be partially melted, for example in edge regions, and / or individual particles can not be melted or remain solid.

Upon irradiation of the area by means of laser radiation, the latter heats the powder located in the area so that it is at least partially melted. Laser radiation is directed to a surface of the powder to form a point of impact. In the process, the surface and possibly also powder underneath are heated or melted. Of course, the appearance point is not a point in the mathematical sense but rather an appearance surface, which is also referred to as the focus field, focus point or focal spot of the laser radiation. An entry point in the sense of the invention means the

Occurrence surface of a radiation on a surface and does not necessarily mean that there is a focus or focal point of an optical element or system at this point.

In particular, the method according to the invention describes a method for selective laser melting, typically abbreviated to SLM.

In particular, the method further comprises applying powder to produce a powder bed. It can be made a uniform surface,

For example, by means of a doctor blade to ensure uniform irradiation of the powder by means of laser radiation. After solidification of the previously melted powder in the region, in particular a renewed application of powder takes place.

The area of the powder is irradiated several times by means of respective laser sources. The outputting of the laser radiation by a laser source in particular also means that

Generating the laser radiation by the laser source. In other words, the area is irradiated at least once with at least one first laser source and then at least once with at least one second laser source. Following this, if necessary, a further irradiation can take place by means of further laser sources. The laser sources are in particular operable independently of each other.

The irradiation following the first irradiation by means of the second laser source means that at a first time the irradiation of the area takes place only by means of the first laser source and to a second, following at the first time

Time the irradiation of the area takes place only by means of the second laser source. It is irrelevant whether there is a simultaneous irradiation of the area by means of both laser sources between the first and the second time. The heating or melting of the area in several steps means that a

Heat input in individual sections is done, which by means of each different

Laser sources is realized. It is not necessary that there is an interruption of the heat input between the steps or sections. In other words, it is possible that the area is irradiated continuously over a defined period of time, wherein the irradiation is realized by means of a plurality of laser sources, which irradiate the area temporally successive. This is particularly the case when the points of application realized by means of the individual laser sources overlap.

The heating realized in several steps means in particular the increase of the temperature, which takes place in several steps. The melting realized in several steps means a multi-step energy input for melting. In this case, the temperature of the powder located in the area can be particularly during

Melting of the powder remain constant.

The heating in several steps can be realized by moving the powder with respect to at least two line and output devices or radiation sources. Alternatively or additionally, it can be realized by guiding laser radiation of at least two laser sources over the surface, also referred to as scanning.

Typically, similar laser sources are used as first, second and possibly third, etc., laser sources. Pig-tail diode lasers can be used. These are powerful diode lasers, which with a line and

Output device such as an optical fiber for conducting and outputting the

Laser radiation are connected. The end or the front side of the respective line and output device is in particular configured to output the respective laser radiation. Thus, the power of several laser sources can be cumulated to realize high overall performance. In this way, relatively inexpensive laser can be used to increase the temperature up to

Melting particular metallic materials to realize. In particular, after the irradiation of the region by means of the second laser source, irradiation of the region takes place by means of a third, a fourth and a fifth laser source. In a

Embodiment of the method is carried out successively irradiation of the area by means of at least ten laser sources.

The heating or melting of the area in several steps allows the melting despite a lower energy input per step. In this way, it does not come to the evaporation or the blasting of powder particles or to rupture the

Powder layer, as in one known from the prior art, in one step energy input is known. Also movements of the powder, which may result, for example, as a result of high local temperature gradients are prevented.

In other words, the irradiation takes place at the same time by means of a plurality of first laser sources and / or at the same time by means of a plurality of second laser sources. During the simultaneous irradiation, a higher radiant power can be realized on the part of the powder in this way than with the respective use of only one laser source. In other words, the respective radiation powers of all laser sources used at the same time are cumulated.

In particular, at least two laser sources or corresponding ones are used

Output devices arranged to output laser radiation at the same position along the feed direction, so that the laser beams realized by them are simultaneously directed to the part of the powder during movement of the powder.

This embodiment enables the use of particularly cost-effective laser sources, since each individual laser source manages with a comparatively low radiation power. In addition, a device according to this embodiment of the invention for carrying out the method by the presence of a plurality of first, second and possibly further laser sources in a simple manner to different requirements adaptable, for example, with regard to the material used or its

Melting point and / or with respect to a feed rate or to be melted layer thickness.

An embodiment of the method for the generative production of at least one component is characterized in that the powder is moved along at least a portion of the time along with the irradiation by at least one laser source along a feed direction. In this case, the movement takes place in particular relative to the laser source or to an output device for outputting laser radiation.

Typically, the powder is moved linearly. For example, it can be on a

Conveyor belt to be arranged by means of this with respect to the laser sources and optionally in relation to other parts of the apparatus for carrying out the

Procedure to be moved. The powder can of course also in

Periods are moved without irradiation.

In other words, a continuous process for the generative production of at least one component is provided. This allows a particularly fast and cost-effective production of components. In a further embodiment of the method, the powder is irradiated in succession by means of at least two laser sources, which are set up to output laser radiation at different positions along the feed direction.

The two laser sources can be at different positions along the

Be arranged feed direction. Typically, each laser source, that is to say at least the first and the second laser source, is provided with an output device for outputting

Laser radiation, in particular a light guide such as an optical fiber for the conduction and output of the laser radiation connected, wherein the output device or the end of the respective light guide is adapted to output the laser radiation.

In particular, the output devices, that is, for example, the light guides or their ends, are arranged at different positions in relation to the feed direction. They can be stationary. In other words, the powder is moved along output devices arranged one behind the other so that a region of the powder is irradiated successively in succession by means of laser radiation emitted from the output devices. In this way, the temperature is increased in several steps in continuous operation. This allows a particularly simple implementation of the

inventive method. The arrangement described can also in the

Be arranged device for carrying out the method, which is thus particularly simple and inexpensive to produce.

A further embodiment of the method for the generative production of at least one component is characterized in that the first and the second laser source are imaged by means of a planar field optics on a substantially planar surface of the powder.

In other words, the output by means of a respective laser source

Laser radiation imaged by means of a plan field optics on the surface of the powder. In this case, a plan field optics for multiple or all laser sources can be used. A flat surface according to the invention means a surface running along a non-curved plane. In other words, the laser radiation is influenced such that the surface of the powder is irradiated substantially uniformly.

A plan field optics serves to focus the laser radiation on a flat surface and comprises at least one lens or at least one lens system. Thus, a curvature of the image field is minimized when imaging the laser radiation on the flat surface of the powder bed. Various designs of planar field optics are also known as F-theta optics, scan optics or flat field optics. This brings the advantage of a particularly uniform irradiation of the area or

different areas of the powder with it and allows in this way a particularly high quality of the manufactured component.

In a further embodiment of the method, the laser radiation is guided over the powder by means of an optical scanning device, in particular by means of a rotating polygon mirror. In the case of a rotating polygon mirror, the axis of rotation is aligned in particular parallel to a feed direction of the powder.

In other words, the optical scanning device, also referred to as a scanning unit, serves to image the laser radiation on the surface of the powder. This serves a controllable and in particular uniform irradiation of the surface of the powder. The guiding of the laser radiation over the powder is also called scanning. In particular, an occurrence point of the laser radiation is guided over the powder. A rotating polygon mirror has a cross-section in the shape of a regular polygon so that each of the angled outer surfaces allows for guiding the laser radiation across the powder along a path. In this way, a large number of scanning operations are made possible with each revolution of the polygon mirror.

In a rotation axis oriented parallel to the feed direction of the powder, the laser radiation is guided perpendicular to the feed direction of the powder and in particular along linear paths over the surface thereof.

This embodiment of the invention allows scalability of the apparatus for performing the method to higher feed rates and higher

Laser powers. Thus, the method can advantageously with higher

Feed rates and higher laser powers are operated, which allows a particularly rapid and efficient production of components.

An embodiment of the method for the generative production of at least one component is characterized in that a secondary region of the powder, which is adjacent to the region to be melted or melted to form the component, is heated. This is done in particular by irradiation by means of laser radiation. The heating minimizes dissipation of heat from the molten portion of the powder by reducing temperature differences between the powder to be melted and the minor portion of the powder.

The heating of the secondary area is effected in particular by means of at least one first and / or at least one second laser source. In particular, it is effected by means of multiple successive irradiation by means of laser radiation. Alternative or supplementary another method of heating can be used. For example, the entire powder bed and / or other parts of the device can be heated by realizing a warm atmosphere.

By minimizing the temperature difference between to be melted or

molten powder and the minor area and the associated minimization of heat dissipation, the overall temperature of the powder bed or the component to be produced is increased. In other words, a heat accumulation is generated. This has the advantage of minimizing thermal distortion resulting from volume shrinkage of the solidifying or cooling material. The cooling is slowed down and evened out. As a result, the stresses arising in the component, in particular tensile stresses, as are known in conventional methods, minimized. In one embodiment of the method, thermal insulation of the powder takes place. In this way, cooling of the powder is slowed down and evened out.

A further embodiment of the method for the generative production of at least one component is characterized in that irradiation of a first region of the powder of the material arranged in a first plane takes place. At least

Periodically at the same time, a powder of a material is applied to a second region of the material which has been previously at least partially melted and in particular solidifies again in a second plane spaced from the first plane, heated by means of laser radiation and at least partially melted. In this way, at the same time an education several levels of a component takes place.

In particular, the first and the second plane are aligned parallel to one another.

Typically, the same material is applied in the second level as in the first level.

In one embodiment of the method, at least in sections, at least simultaneously in at least ten levels, in particular at least fifty levels, and in one

Embodiment applied in at least one hundred levels of powder, heated and at least partially melted.

In particular, a distance measured along an advancing direction of the powder between an occurrence point of the laser radiation on the first region of the powder and an occurrence point of the laser radiation on the powder applied to the second region is less than 10 cm, in particular less than 3 cm. This can be achieved by the high quality of the laser radiation which can be realized by means of the method according to the invention, that is to say by the high beam quality or beam quality and optionally by high-quality polygon mirrors and long focal lengths of the lenses used. To this A device for carrying out the method, by means of which components constructed from several hundred layers can be produced, can be produced in a comparatively small space or with a comparatively short distance. Also be in this way by the spatial proximity of the effective ranges of the individual

Laser sources, which in the continuous process associated with rapidly successive irradiations by the individual laser sources, thermal gradients between individual areas of the component to be manufactured and / or the powder bed is reduced so that a slow and uniform cooling can take place, which minimizes thermal distortion as described.

In particular, the order of the powder takes place in a thickness between 5 square meters and 50 square meters; especially in a range of 10 sqm to 20 sqm. In one embodiment, a layer thickness between 50 square meters and 1 mm is produced.

In other words, a plurality of parallel planes of at least one component are produced at least in sections at the same time. There is a continuous, step-shaped production of several layers of at least one component. In this way, an entire component or a plurality of components can be produced completely in a continuous process. In particular, the already described advantages of slow and uniform cooling give.

In addition, in a rapid implementation of a continuous process for the generative production of at least one component of the thermal distortion is minimized, so that components of higher quality can be produced in a particularly simple manner.

In one embodiment, the solidified material of the second region of the first plane during the application of the powder in the second plane at a temperature between 500 ° C and 1500 ° C, in particular between 700 ° C and 1000 ° C. Compared to conventional methods for the generative production of at least one component in which each molten layer largely cools before the application of a further powder layer, in the inventive method in this way

Volume shrinkage caused thermal distortion and thus minimizes the remaining in the component or registered in the component tensile stresses. In other words, a heat build-up comprising multiple printed layers is realized, allowing slow and even cooling.

A second aspect of the invention is a device for carrying out the

inventive method. This comprises a receiving and moving device for receiving a powder and movement of the powder along a feed direction. Furthermore, the device comprises a laser unit with at least two laser sources for Realization of laser radiation on at least one area of the powder accommodated in the receiving and moving device for heating and at least partial melting of the powder. The laser sources are set up to output laser radiation at different positions along the feed direction, such that, as the powder moves along the feed direction, the area of the powder can be irradiated in chronological succession by means of the laser sources.

Typically, each laser source is provided with an output device for outputting

Laser radiation connected. These are arranged and arranged such that the

Irradiation of the powder at different positions along the feed direction can be realized. In particular, the output devices are at different

Positions arranged along the feed direction. Thus, during a movement along the feed direction, the powder passes through the dispensing devices one after the other and can be irradiated in succession with the laser radiation emitted in each case. Each output device may be part of a line and output device, for example comprising an optical fiber.

A laser unit comprises at least two laser sources, which are not

must necessarily be coupled mechanically or control technology but can be completely independent of each other.

The receiving and moving device is typically linearly movable. It comprises, for example, a receiving device movable along a feed direction for receiving the powder, which can be moved by means of a movement device. It can be configured as a conveyor belt.

As described, in particular so-called pig-tail diode lasers can be used as laser sources. These have the further advantage that they achieve high radiation performance with a comparatively small space.

The apparatus may further comprise an applicator for applying the powder for placement on the receiving and moving device or on previously at least partially melted and in particular re-solidified material.

The device according to the invention is simple and inexpensive and serves the particularly efficient generative production of components.

An embodiment of the device is characterized in that the device has a plurality of generation devices for the generative production of a respective material layer of at least one component. Each generation includes one

Applicator for applying the powder for placement on the receiving and Movement device or on previously at least partially melted and in particular solidified material and a laser unit.

In particular, the generation devices are arranged one behind the other along the

Feed direction of the powder arranged.

Each generation device can continue to have a plan field optics for the deflection of the

Laser radiation for the purpose of uniform irradiation of a substantially planar

Surface of the powder have. Each generation device may comprise a rotatably arranged polygon mirror for guiding the laser radiation over the powder or for imaging the laser radiation on the surface of the powder, wherein the

Rotation axis of the polygon mirror is aligned in particular parallel to a feed direction of the powder.

In particular, each generation device serves the jobs, at least partially melting and solidifying a layer of powder, so that a layer of the component is produced. The number of generation devices thus corresponds to the number of layers that can be produced. In one embodiment, the device has at least ten, in particular at least fifty, and in one embodiment at least one hundred

Generation devices, which are arranged along the feed direction one behind the other.

A third aspect of the invention is a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car. This comprises at least one component produced by the method according to the invention. In particular, it is a metal component or a plastic component.

The invention is explained below with reference to the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, which illustrate different aspects and embodiments.

Show it

1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device,

2 shows a first embodiment of a line and output device for use in a device,

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the function of the line and

Output device of Figure 2,

4 shows a second embodiment of a line and output device for use in a device, 5 shows a schematic representation of the function of the line and output device of Figure 4,

6 shows a first multispot arrangement of line and output devices for use in a device,

7 shows a schematic representation of the use of the first multi-spot arrangement from FIG. 6,

Fig. 8: a schematic representation of the use of line and

Output devices,

9 shows a schematic representation of a light conductor which can be used in the device,

10 shows a first multispot arrangement in the device of usable light guides,

11 shows a second multi-spot arrangement in the device of usable optical fibers,

FIG. 12 shows a third multispot arrangement in the device of usable light guides, FIG.

13 is a first perspective view of a detail of a device,

14 is a second perspective view of a detail of the device shown in FIG. 13, and FIG

Fig. 15: a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the device.

FIG. 1 shows a part of an embodiment of a device for the generative production of at least one component. The respective laser radiation 30 is superimposed by four laser sources 34 in order to irradiate an area 25 of an in-plane powder 20 of a material 22 or its surface 26 and in this way to heat and at least partially melt. After completion of the irradiation by means of

Laser radiation 30 solidifies the molten material 22 for the at least partial formation of at least one component.

The illustrated laser unit 32 includes four linearly successively arranged laser sources 34, wherein respective mirrors 135 are arranged such that the respective laser radiation 30 is superimposed in the direction of the powder 20 to be irradiated and thus the cumulative laser radiation 30 of all laser sources 34 impinges on the powder 20 simultaneously , In this way, a plurality of smaller-sized laser sources 34 can be used to achieve a total of high radiation power. The superposed laser radiation 30 is deflected and focused by means of optical elements 132, namely a mirror and a condenser lens. It is a line and output device 70, namely a circular cross-section having optical fiber 72 is shown, through which the laser radiation 30 is guided in sections to the material 22. At the left end of the line and

Output device 70 exits the laser radiation for the purpose of deflection or focusing by means of the optical elements 132 from the line and output device 70. At the end shown on the right, the laser radiation 30 of all four laser sources 34 enters the line and output device 70. Such a superposition of a plurality of laser sources 34 or their respective laser radiation 30 can be described in each of the following

Light guide 72 and line and output device 70 be realized.

In the inner region 75 of the light guide 72, information relating to the temperature of the irradiated material 22, namely a heat radiation 60, is directed in the opposite direction to the laser radiation 30. This radiates from the surface 26 irradiated by laser radiation 30, passes through the same optical elements 132 as well as the laser radiation and is guided by means of a further mirror 137 to a detection device 62. This serves to detect the heat radiation 60 in order to influence the laser intensity.

For this purpose, both the detection device 62 and the laser sources 34 are connected to a control and / or regulating device 140, which has a

Temperature evaluation device 142 and a laser source control 144 includes. The detection device 62 is for the purpose of evaluating the temperature prevailing on the surface 26 in control-technical connection with the

Temperature evaluation device 142. This gives corresponding signals to the

Laser source controller 144, which is adapted to influence on the basis of the received signals one or more laser sources 34 with respect to their respective laser intensity. In this way, too high or too low irradiation can be detected and compensated accordingly.

Furthermore, a signal of an interference radiation 130 is shown, which is radiated from an area adjacent to the irradiated area 25 of the surface 26 and is also refracted or deflected by the optical elements 133, the light guide 72 and the mirror 137. However, it can be seen that the interference radiation 130 is not detected by the detection device 62 and thus has no influence on the

Has laser intensity. In other words, only the temperature signal from the center of the point of occurrence hits the detection device 62 and is used to influence the laser intensity. Due to the suitable design of the optical elements 132, the Mirror 137 and the detection device 62 ensures that no interfering radiation 130 impedes such control of the laser intensity.

FIG. 2 shows a line and output device 70 for conducting and outputting laser radiation with a light guide 72 for use in a device for the generative production of at least one component. The front, bottom left end face of the line and output device 70 and the light guide 72 is used to output the laser radiation for the purpose of irradiation of the powder. The inner region 75 of the light guide 72, an optical fiber, is designed as a glass body 76 and serves to transmit the heat radiation emitted by the material to be irradiated or irradiated in the direction of a detection device of the device.

In an alternative embodiment, the inner region 75 of the light guide 72 is hollow. This has the advantage over the design in glass that the heat radiation can be detected even in spectral regions in which glass is not able to conduct the heat radiation, since glass is no longer transparent in these areas.

In other words, the inner region 75 is for transmission of

Thermal radiation designed. The line and output device 70 shown here is also referred to as dual-core fiber.

The light guide 72 serves for the at least in sections conducting the laser radiation from a laser source to the material to be irradiated. This means that the distance traveled by the laser radiation from the laser source to the point of impact on the powder is not necessarily completely realized by the light guide 72. The light guide 72 and its inner region 75 each have coaxially arranged circular cross sections. In this way, exactly that of the irradiated area of the material

emitted heat radiation for the purpose of influencing the laser intensity

Detection device are passed. The respective materials of the light guide 72 and its inner region 75 have different refractive indices. The inner region 75 of the light guide is bounded by a glass surface. An outer diameter D1 of the line and output device 70 and the optical fiber 72 is between 50 pm and 1000 pm. Especially for larger plants, it makes sense to have an outer one

Diameter D1 in the range of 500 pm -1000 pm to realize.

It is advantageous to realize a ratio of the diameter of the inner region 75 to the outer diameter D1, which is between 0.3 and 0.9. In particular, it is desirable to have this ratio between 0.5 and 0.8. This has the advantage that the heat radiation to be measured can be reliably supplied to the detection device 62. Figure 3 shows schematically the operation of the described line and output device 70. In the upper part of the figure, a segment of the line and output device 70 is shown, which is cut off to improve the clarity of the presentation. If arranged in the device for the generative production of at least one component, a laser source would be connected to the light guide 72 in the further course of the line and output device 70, and a detection device would be connected to the inner region 75 of the light guide 72.

It can be seen that laser radiation 30 from the end of the line and

Output device 70 and configured as an optical fiber light guide 72 exits. The emergent laser radiation 30 is divergent and is focused by an optical element 132, namely a first condenser lens 138, to produce a parallel beam path. The laser radiation 30 passes through another optical element 132, namely a second converging lens 139, and is focused. In the state shown here, the focus or focal point of the laser radiation 30 is located in front of or behind the point of occurrence of

Laser radiation 30 on a surface forming material 22 of the powder 20, so that the laser radiation 30 at the point of occurrence, ie at its surface on the surface, again as a divergent laser radiation 30 is present. This serves to realize a soft

Transition between a cold core and a hot edge of laser radiation at the point of impact. Typically, an optical pickup device for guiding the

Laser radiation 30 via the powder 20 in the parallel beam path between the optical elements 132 shown.

The irradiated area 25 is located on the side of the powder 20 facing the line and output device 70. The thermal radiation 60 radiated from the irradiated material 22 or from the area 25 passes through the optical elements 132 in the opposite direction to the laser radiation 30 and arrives in this manner in the designed as a glass body 76 inner region 75 of the line and output device 70. There, it is forwarded for the purpose of detection.

As an alternative to the embodiment described here, the inner region of the optical waveguide 72 can also be designed as a hollow or hollow core, ie as an air volume bounded by an inner wall of the optical waveguide 72, a glass surface, for conducting the thermal radiation.

Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the line and output device 70, in which the light guide 72 is configured as a photonic crystal fiber 73. This optical fiber has fine channels or cavities aligned along its direction of the light guide which, as structures with a refractive index, influence the movement of laser radiation.

In this way, laser radiation can be directed particularly efficiently. The inner area 75 of the light guide 72 is configured in this embodiment as a cavity 77 or hollow core. The line and output device 70 is surrounded by a glass jacket 78. The diameter D2 of the inner region 75 of the light guide 72 is about 30 pm and the diameter D3 of the light guide 72 is about 100 pm.

FIG. 5 shows the use of the line and output device 70 described in FIG. 4 in a device for the generative production of at least one component. Analogous to the illustration of Figure 3, this is cut off in its upper region. The laser radiation 30 emerges on the underside of the light guide 72 and strikes the area 25 of the powder 20 of the material 22 to be irradiated. Heat radiation 60 emitted by the area 25 enters the cavity 77 in the opposite direction to the laser radiation 30

designed inner region 75 of the line and output device 70 and is guided by this in the direction of a detection device, not shown. It can be seen that a wall of the inner region 75 is designed for reflection of the heat radiation. This can be the case in all described embodiments of the line and output device 70.

FIG. 6 shows a square multispot arrangement 100, which is designed as a field or array with five by five line and output devices 70. In this case, the individual line and output devices 70 can be configured analogously to FIGS. 2 or 4 and thus as a dual core fiber or as a hollow core having photonic crystal fiber. All of the line and output devices 70 have a light guide 72 and its inner area 75 designed to transmit the information, the light guide 72 and the inner area 75 being arranged coaxially.

On the one hand, such a multi-spot arrangement 100 can be used to temporally successively irradiate a region of the powder by means of the line and output devices 70 arranged next to one another along a first expansion direction and thus to heat and / or melt the region in FIG to realize several steps. This can be realized by means of an optical scanning device during a movement of the powder along a feed direction and / or during a scanning of the surface with laser radiation output from the multi-spot arrangement. The output devices arranged side by side along a second expansion device can be used to simultaneously irradiate a portion of the powder in order to control the radiation powers of the respective ones

To cumulate output devices connected laser sources or at a

Scanning the surface of a part of the powder by means of multiple laser sources multiple times to be irradiated one after the other. Also, analogous to FIG. 1, a plurality of laser sources can be coupled into the individual line and output devices 70.

FIG. 7 shows schematically and by way of example the use of the multi-spot arrangement 100 from FIG. 6 in carrying out a method for the generative production of at least one component. A powder of a material 22 is irradiated to produce a component 12 by means of laser radiation emitted from the light guides 72, so that it is heated and at least partially melted. The molten material 22 solidifies after the irradiation for the at least partial formation of the component 12. An information regarding the temperature of the material to be irradiated or irradiated 22, namely a

Heat radiation 60, is transmitted in the inner region 75 of the light guide 72 for the purpose of detecting them to influence the laser intensity.

The measured by the respective heat radiation temperatures T1 to T6 of the respective appearance points of the individual line and output devices 70 are shown in different hatching in the inner region 75 of the respective light guide. The first temperature T1 corresponds to a temperature range between about 750 ° C and 899 ° C, the second temperature T2 corresponds to a range between about 900 ° C and 949 ° C, the third temperature T3 corresponds to a range between about 950 ° C and 1099 ° C, the fourth temperature T4 corresponds to a range between about 1100 ° C and 1299 ° C, the fifth temperature T5 corresponds to a range between about 1300 ° C and 1599 ° C and the sixth temperature T6 corresponds to a temperature of about 1600 ° C and possibly higher.

It can be seen that in the appearance of the top right and left

Output means 70 a comparatively low temperature T1 prevails, since this point of occurrence is on the one hand along the scanning direction 31 of the multi-spot arrangement 100 from and thus the material 22 located there has not yet been irradiated. On the other hand, this point of occurrence lies behind along the feed direction 49 of the material 22 and has not yet been irradiated in a previously realized scan. The application point arranged therebelow has a significantly higher third temperature T3, since it was irradiated immediately before by means of laser radiation which was output by means of the line and output device 70 shown above on the right. The further below

Performance points have correspondingly higher temperatures.

The top-left entry point already has a high fifth temperature T5, since it is located in the immediate vicinity of hot, previously irradiated material 22. The occurrence points below have correspondingly even higher sixth temperatures T6. In the upper row, the temperature drops due to the dwindling influence of the already heated, previously irradiated material 22 from the left to the right. Downwards, the respective temperatures increase as described. After reaching a defined maximum temperature, for example, the laser intensity can be reduced, so that no overheating of the material 22 occurs in any area.

Schematically, a scanning direction 31 is shown which describes a relative movement of the respective points of occurrence of the light guides 72 in relation to the surface to be irradiated. The material 22 is moved along the movement of the points of occurrence

Scanning direction 31 temporally successively irradiated by laser radiation of multiple laser sources, at the same time with the irradiation, the heat radiation of the respective

irradiated areas are directed to a respective detection device, detected by means of this and used to influence the laser intensity. In particular, the respective appearance points by means of a rotating polygon mirror or a

Oscillation of leading mirror led over the surface. In particular, the embodiment with oscillating mirror represents a cost-effective variant in which the heating process is reversible.

A planar field optics can be used to uniformly irradiate the substantially planar surface of the powder.

In addition to guiding the points of occurrence across the surface, there is a linear movement of the powder along the advancing direction 49. In this way, a continuous process is provided for the generative production of at least one component in which the powder relative to the optical fibers 72 and applicators to the

Orders of the powder is moved in order to realize in this way a continuous layer-by-layer production of the component.

The individual line and output devices 70 of the multi-spot arrangement 100 from FIG. 7 are shown schematically in FIG. 8, whereby the hatchings shown in the respective inner area 75 of the light guides 72 also correspond to the abovementioned temperature ranges of the first temperature T1 to the sixth temperature T6.

Figures 9 to 12 show schematically different arrangements of optical fibers 72 of line and output devices analogous to Figure 7. These can in some

Embodiments alternative to the line and shown in Figures 2 and 4

Output devices are used. In these refinements, light conductors 72, for example optical fibers, are used as line and output devices for conducting and outputting laser radiation.

The light guide 72 shown in FIG. 9 has a diameter D4 of 500 μm -1000 μm. It can be used to laser radiation of any arranged laser source in such a way issue that it occurs at a desired position on the powder to be heated. The illustration shows a plan view of one end of the light guide 72, which is set up to output laser radiation and thus serves as an output device for outputting laser radiation. This also applies analogously to the following figures.

FIG. 10 illustrates a square multispot arrangement 100, which is designed as a field or array with five by five light guides 72. With preferred diameters of the individual line and output devices in the range of 500 pm, the length L1 along both extension directions of the square arrangement is 2.5 mm. Such a multi-spot arrangement 100 can be used analogously to the multi-spot arrangement 100 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.

Depending on the respective requirements, different arrangements of the individual light guides 72 within the multi-spot arrangement 100 can be selected so that, for example, rectangular or round shapes are present, as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12.

FIG. 13 schematically shows a detail of a device for the generative production of a component 12. A powder 20 of a material 22 is arranged on a receiving and moving device, not shown here, and is moved along the feed direction 49 by the latter. A laser unit 32 having sixteen line and output devices arranged in a stationary multi-spot arrangement 100 is arranged above the powder 20 and behind it. The line and output devices are connected at their respective other ends, each with a laser source not shown here, which is also part of the laser unit 32. The multi-spot arrangement 100 is designed as a field or array with two by eight line and output devices, so that in each case eight line and

Output devices at different positions along the feed direction 49, namely, one behind the other, are arranged and two line and

Output devices at the same position along the feed direction 49,

next to each other, are arranged. The illustration shows examples of line and

Output devices according to the figures 2 and 4, however, it can also be used according to the figures 9 to 12.

In this way, the laser sources connected to the respective eight line and output devices arranged one behind the other are arranged in such a way or configured by means of the respective line and output devices that they are set up to output laser radiation at different positions along the feed direction 49. In this way, the area 25 of the powder 20 can move along the direction of advance 49 of the powder 20 by means of each of the eight adjacent arranged line and output devices output laser radiation are irradiated successively. In this way, the heating or melting of the region 25 takes place in eight steps.

Upon further movement along the feed direction 49, after the passage of the laser unit 32, the molten material 22 solidifies for the purpose of at least partially forming at least one component. In this way, a material layer 27 is formed.

Depending on the optical elements used, the two adjacent line and output devices can, on the one hand, serve for the simultaneous irradiation of the respective part of the powder 20, in order to increase in this way the total radiant power realized on the part of the powder 20. In addition or as an alternative, they can be used to irradiate a region 25 of the surface 26 in succession in succession while guiding the respective laser radiation over the surface 26 along the scanning direction 31. Alternatively to the arrangement of the line and

Output devices, these could also be arranged in a zigzag offset, along the feed direction 49 at different positions one behind the other

To output laser radiation. Each of the line and output devices shown can be coupled to a plurality of laser sources, analogously to FIG. 1, and thus configured for conducting and outputting laser radiation emitted by a plurality of laser sources.

The device further comprises a rotating polygon mirror 38, whose

Rotation axis parallel to the feed direction 49 extends. This serves to guide the laser radiation emerging from the respective line and output devices over the surface 26 of the powder 20, which is also referred to as scanning. In this case, an occurrence point of the respective laser radiation moves along a scan direction 31 extending perpendicular to the feed direction 49.

In addition, the device comprises a planar field optics 36, namely an F-theta lens, by means of which a deflection of the laser radiation takes place, so that a uniform

Irradiation of the planar surface 26 of the powder 20 can be realized.

FIG. 14 shows a further detailed representation of the device for the generative production of at least one component. The detail shown in FIG. 13 is shown here in the middle, the laser radiation 30 output by means of multispot arrangement 100 being shown schematically. Here are the first and the last along the

Scanning direction 31 on the powder 20 incident occurrence point shown. Again, the plan field optics 36 and the rotating polygon mirror 38 is shown with its aligned parallel to the feed direction 49 rotation axis 39. It rotates along the direction of rotation 37.

It can be seen that the device comprises a plurality of generation devices 55 for generatively producing a respective material layer 27. Each of the generation devices 55 comprises an application device 52 for applying the powder 20 for the purpose of arranging the powder 20 on the receiving and moving device 50 or on at least partially molten and re-solidified material. Furthermore, each includes

Generation device 55 as a melting device, a laser unit 32 with eight

Laser sources for temporally successive irradiation of the area 25 of the powder.

The application device 52 comprises a powder tank 53 and a powder well 54 extending downwardly therefrom, in the direction of gravity, for conveying the powder to the receiving and moving device 50 or to material which has previously been at least partially melted and solidified again. The powder chute 54 has a continuously expanding cross-section along the direction of gravity, so that

Blocking of the powder to be delivered can be prevented. In relation to

Feed direction 49 arranged at the front wall of the powder chute 54 serves as a squeegee 90 for stripping excess powder in order to produce a flat powder surface.

Along the feed direction 49 behind the applicator 52 is as part of each

Generation device 55 a compression device 80 for compacting the

applied powder 20 is arranged. This serves to reduce the proportion of the gas contained in the powder 20 or gas mixture, so that the mechanical strength of the

Powder composite is increased. In other words, in the compression between the powder grains located gas is displaced or passed outwards and thus reduces the total volume of the powder 20 and increases its density.

The compression device 80 comprises a movably arranged compression element 82, also referred to as a punch, with one arranged on the underside

Compression surface 83 for applying a force to the powder 20 along the vertically downwardly directed force application direction 85. In this way, by means of the compression element 82, a compacted surface of the powder 20 can be produced.

The compression element 82 is adapted to perform by means of a double arrow schematically illustrated vibrations 81 with respect to the powder 20 and to introduce into this. Thus, by repeated application of force by means of the compression surface 83, the compacted surface of the powder 20 can be produced. The compression surface 83 extends along a horizontally oriented compression plane 84. The compression element 82 has an insertion surface 87 which forms an edge with the compression plane 84 or results in an asymptotic transition of the insertion surface 87 and the compression surface 83. This serves to compact powder 20 for introducing the powder 20 under the compression surface 83 during a relative movement between the powder 20 and the compression element 82 perpendicular to the force application direction 85. In other words, when the powder 20 is moved along the direction of advance 49, it is first on this impinging area of

Compression element 82 designed as a slope, the powder 20 for the first time compacts for easier introduction of the powder 20 below the compression surface 83. This slope extends, starting from the horizontal compression surface 83, obliquely opposite to the feed direction 49 upwards. In this case, the compression element 82 promotes powder flow in the area of the powder chute 54 by the change between upward movement and downward movement in the oscillation 81, so that no clumping occurs.

It can be seen that the generation device 55 shown on the right side is shown completely, while in the subsequent generation device 55 shown on the left side, for reasons of clarity, the laser unit 32 is not shown.

The generation device 55 shown on the right side serves to produce a material layer 27 arranged in a first plane 41 on the surface of the receiving and moving device 50, ie the conveyor belt. The left of it shown

Generation device 55 serves to produce a second plane 42

arranged material layer on the surface of the previously prepared material layer 27 of the first plane 41. The second plane 42 is parallel to the first plane 41 at a distance to this, the thickness of the material layer 27 and the corresponding

Powder layer corresponds. A large number of further generation devices 55 can follow in order to be able to produce the component completely in a continuous process, layer by layer.

In carrying out the method for the generative production of at least one component, the irradiation of a first region 41 arranged in the first plane 46 of the powder 20 takes place at the same time on a previously at least partially melted and re-solidified, arranged in the first plane 41 and left of The first region 46 illustrated second region 47 of the material 22 powder 20 in the second plane 42 applied by the applicator 52, heated by laser radiation 30 and at least partially melted. In this way, at the same time the formation of multiple levels 41, 42 of the component takes place. In this case, the order and the heating of the powder of the first level 41 and the second level 42 in spatial and temporal proximity to each other, so that a total of a slow and uniform cooling of the manufactured component can be done.

FIG. 15 shows a schematic representation of a device 10 for carrying out the method with nine generation devices 55 for the generative production of a material layer of the component 12 to be produced. Of course, substantially more generation devices 55 are arranged to completely construct components to be constructed from a plurality of material layers with the device 10 to be able to produce. After application of all material layers, the manufactured component 12 and the excess compacted powder 20 around it are transported by means of the conveyor belt 51 to the left side of the apparatus 10, where it is removed in the so-called unpacking station 120 and freed of excess powder 20. This is collected in the schematically illustrated powder assembly 122 to be returned to the process.

Each generation device 55 comprises an applicator 52 with a powder chute 54. In the embodiment shown here, all powder shafts 54 are connected to a common powder tank 53, from which they are fed with powder 20 to be applied. The applicator 52 of the first generation device 55 shown on the right serves to apply the powder 20 to the receiving and

Moving device 50, namely the metallic conveyor belt 51, for the purpose of producing the material layer arranged in the first plane 41. The following each

Applicators 52 serve to apply the powder to the respective previously prepared layers of material for the purpose of producing the layers of material disposed in the second plane 42, third plane 43, fourth plane 44, etc. It can be seen that simultaneously with the production of the first region 46 of the material layer arranged in the first plane 41 by the first generation device 55 on a second region 47 of the previously produced by means of the first generation means 55, arranged in the first plane 41 material layer by means of the second applicator Powder applied and irradiated by the second laser spot assembly 100. Thus, the first serves

Generation device 55 of the production arranged in the first plane 41

Material layer, the second generation means 55 serves to produce the material layer arranged in the second plane 42, etc. Along the feed direction 49 behind a respective applicator 52 is in each case a laser unit 32, comprising a multi-spot arrangement 100 and connected to respective light guides 72 of the multi-spot arrangement 100, not shown here

Laser sources. The multi-spot arrangement 100 is configured, for example, analogously to that shown in FIG. 6 or in FIG. 8 and serves the purpose described there

By the respective triangular laser radiation 30 is to be indicated schematically that superimpose the respective laser radiation of the respectively arranged at the same positions along the feed direction 49 light guide. The dashed lines and double arrows in the region of the laser beams 30 shown on the right indicate that by means of suitable optical elements simultaneously with the movement of the powder along the feed direction 49 and with the guiding of the respective points of occurrence of the laser sources on the surface to be irradiated along a direction perpendicular to the feed direction Direction means of the rotating polygon mirror 38, a control or adjustment of the angle can be made in the area shown here to realize a scanning of the surface along parallel paths. In addition, parameters of the laser radiation 30 such as, for example, respective appearance points can be adapted to the respective requirements by suitable configuration of optical elements. Also shown schematically is the rotating polygon mirror 38 with its axis of rotation 39.

Below the top of the moving along the feed direction 49

Conveyor belt 51 is arranged a cooling device, in which cold water 110 is fed, along a flow direction 115 against the feed direction 49 flows and is heated due to heat emitted the molten layers and then removed as hot water 112 in the right portion of the illustration. This serves to influence the temperature and in particular a uniform cooling of the component 12. In this connection, it can be seen that the temperature of the component to be produced or the multilayer arrangement is highest on the right side and becomes smaller along the feed direction 49.

Each generation device 55 further comprises a compression device 80 for compressing the applied powder to reduce the proportion of gas or gas mixture contained in the powder 20 to increase the mechanical strength of the powder 20. In this embodiment, the entire powder tank 53 for performing vibrations 81 and for shaking designed to be introduced by means of respective (not shown) compression elements 82 in the applied powder to produce in this way a compacted surface of the powder. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

Device 10

Component 12

Powder 20

Material 22

Area 25

Surface 26

Material layer 27

Laser radiation 30

Scanning direction 31

Laser unit 32

Laser source 34

Plan field optics 36

Rotation direction 37

Rotating polygon mirror 38

Rotation axis 39

First level 41

Second level 42

Third level 43

Fourth level 44

First area 46

Second area 47

Feed direction 49

Pick-up and movement device 50

Conveyor belt 51

Applicator 52

Powder tank 53 Powder shaft 54

Generation device 55

Heat radiation 60

Detection device 62

Line and output device 70

Light guide 72

Photonic crystal fiber 73

Inner area 75

Vitreous body 76

Cavity 77

Glass jacket 78

Compressor 80

Oscillation 81

Compression element 82

Compaction area 83

Summarization level 84

Force application direction 85

Insertion surface 87

Squeegee 90

Multi-spot arrangement 100

Cold water 1 10

Hot water 1 12

Flow direction 1 15

Unpacking station 120

Pow assembly 122

Interference radiation 130

Optical element 132

Mirror 135 Mirror 137

First condensing lens 138

Second collecting lens 139

Control device 140

Temperature evaluation device 142

Laser source control 144

Diameter D1

Diameter D2

Diameter D3

Diameter D4

Length L1

First temperature T1

Second temperature T2

Third temperature T3

Fourth temperature T4

Fifth temperature T5

Sixth temperature T6

Claims

claims

1. A method for the generative production of at least one component (12), in which a powder (20) of a material (22) is heated and at least partially melted by means of laser radiation (30) and the molten material (22) is formed for the purpose of at least partially forming the component (22). 12) solidifies,

wherein at least one region (25) of the powder (20) is irradiated with laser radiation (30) emitted by at least one first laser source (34) and subsequently with laser radiation (30) emitted by at least one second laser source (34) and thus heating and / or or melting the region (25) is realized in several steps, characterized in that at least a part of the powder (20) by means of at least two laser sources (34) at least

is irradiated time-wise at the same time, so that the incident on the part radiation power is greater than the one by means of one of the laser sources (34) realizable radiation power.

2. A method for the generative production of at least one component (12) according to claim 1, characterized in that the powder (20) at least in sections at the same time with the irradiation by at least one laser source (34) along a feed direction (49) is moved, wherein the movement in particular relative to the laser source (34) or to an output device for outputting laser radiation (30).

3. A method for the generative production of at least one component (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and the second laser source (34) by means of a planar field optics (36) on a substantially planar surface (26) of the powder (20 ).

4. A method for the generative production of at least one component (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laser radiation (30) by means of an optical scanning device, in particular by means of a rotating polygon mirror (38), over the powder (20) is guided.

5. A method for the generative production of at least one component (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a secondary region of the powder (20) which is adjacent to the purpose of forming the component (12) to be melted or molten region (25) , is heated, in particular by irradiation by means of laser radiation (30), to reduce by

Temperature differences between melted or molten powder (20) and the secondary region of the powder (20) to minimize dissipation of heat from the melted or melted region (25) of the powder (20).

6. A method for the generative production of at least one component (12) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least

Periodically at the same time as irradiation of a first region (46) of the powder (20) of the material (22) arranged in a first plane (41) onto a second region (at least partially molten and in particular again solidified) arranged in the first plane (41) ( 47) of the material (22) a powder (20) of a material (22) in a first plane (41) spaced second plane (42) applied, heated by laser radiation (30) and at least partially melted, so that at the same time forming a plurality of Layers (41, 42) of a component (12) takes place.

7. Device (10) for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 -6, comprising a receiving and moving device (50) for receiving a powder (20) and movement of the powder (20) along a feed direction (49) and a laser unit (32) with at least two laser sources (34) for realizing laser radiation (30) on at least one region (25) of the powder (20) accommodated in the receiving and moving device (50) for heating and at least partially melting the powder (20). wherein the laser sources (34) are arranged to output laser radiation (30) at different positions along the feed direction (49) so that, when the powder (20) moves along the feed direction (49), the area (25) of the powder (20) by means of the laser sources (34) is temporally successively irradiated.

8. Device (10) for carrying out the method according to claim 7, characterized in that the device (10) has a plurality of generation devices (55) for the generative production of a respective material layer (27) of at least one component (12), each generation device (55 ) one

Applicator (52) for applying the powder (20) for the purpose of arrangement on the receiving and moving means (50) or on previously at least partially melted and in particular again solidified material and a

Laser unit (32) includes.

9. Motor vehicle, in particular passenger car, comprising at least one produced by the method according to any one of claims 1-6 component (12).