WO2019196017A1

WO2019196017A1 - Antenna device

Info

Publication number: WO2019196017A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/082560
Authority: WO
Inventors: 毛孟达
Original assignee: 海能达通信股份有限公司
Priority date: 2018-04-10
Filing date: 2018-04-10
Publication date: 2019-10-17

Abstract

Disclosed is an antenna device, comprising a fixing rod, fixing the antenna device into a destination by means of one end of the fixing rod; a transmitting antenna, provided on the other end of the fixing rod and configured to transmit a signal; and a plurality of supporting arms, one end of each supporting arm being fixed into the fixing rod so that the plurality of supporting arms is provided around the fixing rod as the center, and the other end of each supporting arm being configured to receive an antenna. The plurality of supporting arm is unfolded or folded with respect to the fixing rod, so that the receiving coverage of a receiving antenna is expanded, and gain of imbalance between the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna and the signal received by the receiving antenna in a wireless communication system is realized.

Description

Antenna device

[Technical Field]

The present invention relates to the field of mobile communications, and in particular to an antenna device.

【Background technique】

Private network narrowband communication usually refers to walkie-talkie and trunk communication, dividing the frequency into different unit intervals, and transmitting the modulated signal in this frequency band, thereby becoming the carrier for both parties to make voice calls. At present, the combination of the baseband unit and the radio frequency unit and the integrated base station form are dominant. Since the private network narrowband system has a sufficiently far coverage distance relative to the public network, there is a problem that the private network wireless communication system is unbalanced up and down. The development of private networks introduces new antenna configurations on the uplink, such as smart antennas, which can extend the uplink coverage with a single base station device and complete wide coverage to meet the needs of private network customers.

At present, the general smart antenna is a transmitting and receiving common antenna, and is simultaneously shaped. According to the uplink, the terminal sends a communication signal to the base station (the downlink, that is, the base station sends a communication signal to the terminal), and the base station dynamically adjusts the receiving antenna according to the power of the received terminal. The amplitude and phase characteristics are combined to form a suitable pattern, and the transmitted antennas are assigned the same weight. The other is the uplink and downlink separation. The above example uses the array antenna as an example. Because the directionality of different weights is very different, the uplink coverage is not easy to control. If the uplink coverage is too large, it is necessary to consider desensitization. Solve the problem of the upside. Smart antenna algorithms are complex and costly. Devices using smart antennas are relatively rare. Due to factors such as technology and price, smart antennas have not been widely used in communications.

[Summary of the Invention]

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an antenna device that solves the problem of unbalanced up and down wireless communication systems by extending the coverage of signals received by the receiving antennas.

In order to solve the above technical problem, a technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

a transmitting antenna for transmitting a signal;

a plurality of receiving antennas for receiving signals, the plurality of receiving antennas forming a ring antenna array;

The difference between the maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna and the maximum path loss allowed by the signal received by the receiving antenna is a compensation gain, which is provided by a receiving antenna in a corresponding sector of the ring antenna array And a propagation distance corresponding to a maximum path loss allowed by the signal received by the receiving antenna is greater than or equal to a propagation distance corresponding to a maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: different from the prior art, the antenna device of the present invention transmits an antenna for transmitting a signal; a plurality of receiving antennas are used for receiving signals, and the plurality of receiving antennas form a loop antenna array; a receive antenna in a respective sector of the loop antenna array to provide a compensation gain of a difference between a maximum path loss allowed by a signal transmitted by the transmit antenna and a maximum path loss allowed by a signal received by the receive antenna to cause the receive The propagation path distance corresponding to the maximum path loss allowed by the signal received by the antenna is greater than or equal to the propagation distance corresponding to the maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna, that is, by extending the coverage of the signal received by the receiving antenna to solve the private network. The problem of unbalanced wireless communication systems.

[Description of the Drawings]

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without any creative work.

1 is a schematic structural view of an antenna device of the present invention;

2 is a schematic diagram showing the calculation of the radius of the loop antenna array in the antenna device of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of compensation required for an antenna device of the present invention;

4 is a schematic diagram of sector division of a receiving antenna in an antenna apparatus according to the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing the calculation of the directivity of the loop antenna array in the antenna device of the present invention;

Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the fixing structure of the antenna device of the present invention;

Figure 7a is a schematic diagram showing the connection of a receiving antenna and a receiver in the antenna device of the present invention;

Figure 7b is a schematic diagram showing another connection between a receiving antenna and a receiver in the antenna device of the present invention;

8a to 8c are schematic structural views showing different structures of the antenna device according to the present invention;

Fig. 9 is a top plan view showing the support arm of the antenna device fixing structure of the present invention after being unfolded.

【detailed description】

The invention will now be described in detail in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna device according to the present invention. The antenna device includes:

a transmitting antenna 20 for transmitting a signal;

a plurality of receiving antennas 40 for receiving signals, and the plurality of receiving antennas 40 form a loop antenna array;

The difference between the maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna 20 and the maximum path loss allowed by the signal received by the receiving antenna 40 is a compensation gain, which is provided by the receiving antenna 40 in the corresponding sector of the ring antenna array. The compensation gain is such that the propagation path distance corresponding to the maximum path loss allowed by the signal received by the receiving antenna 40 is greater than or equal to the propagation distance corresponding to the maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna 20.

The transmitting antenna 20 is an omnidirectional antenna;

The spacing between two adjacent antennas of the plurality of receiving antennas 40 is less than one wavelength of the operating frequency of the receiving antenna 40;

Wherein the number of the plurality of receiving antennas 40 is greater than or equal to eighteen;

The plurality of receiving antennas 40 are circumferentially disposed around the transmitting antenna 20;

The plurality of receiving antennas 40 are arranged in a circular and even arrangement around the transmitting antenna 20 .

Please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the radius calculation of the ring antenna array ring in the antenna device of the present invention.

Where a is the radius of the ring of the ring antenna array, γ is the angle between the adjacent antenna radii, D is the spacing between the adjacent two elements, ie, the receiving antenna 40, and the radius of the ring of the ring antenna array Same and satisfy the formula: a=(D/2)/sin(γ/2)

Specifically, the private network wireless communication device operates at a frequency of 450 MHz (generally operating at a very low frequency, such as 300 MHz to 400 MHz), and the spacing D between adjacent two array elements (such as array element 41 and array element 42 in FIG. 2) is set to Half wavelength, D=3x10 ⁸ /(450x10 ⁶ )/2=0.333m. Assuming that the receiving antenna 40 is 19, the angle between the

elements

41 and 42 is γ=20 degrees, and the radius of the ring of the ring antenna array needs a=(D/2)/sin(γ/2), Therefore, the radius a required for the loop antenna array is 0.959 m.

Wherein, the difference between the maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna and the maximum path loss allowed by the signal received by the receiving antenna is the compensation gain, the maximum allowable path loss and the transmitter transmit power, the receiver sensitivity, the antenna gain, and the antenna The environment in which the device is located is related to the wireless channel model.

The maximum path loss satisfies the following relationship:

FL(dB)=Pt(dBm)-Ct(dB)+Gt(dB)-Pr(dBm)+Gr(dB)-Cr(dB)

Among them, Pr is the receiving end sensitivity, Pt is the transmitting end power, Cr is the receiving end connector and cable loss, Ct is the transmitting end connector and cable loss, Gr is the receiving end antenna gain, Gt is the transmitting end antenna gain, FL is the maximum path loss.

The channel model depends on the space corresponding to the environment in which the antenna device is located.

Different channel models are used depending on the space corresponding to the environment in which the antenna device is located. The coverage distance of the antenna device can be determined by combining the channel model with the maximum allowable spatial loss.

Specifically, taking the space in which the antenna array is located in an urban area as an example, the channel model may be an Okumura-Hata model, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:

L _{b city} =69.55+26.16lg f-13.82lg h _b -a(h _m )+(44.9-6.55lg h _b )(lgd) ^γ

Where d is the distance between the mobile station and the base station, the unit is km; f is the operating frequency, the unit is MHz; L _b is the median basic propagation loss of the urban area; h _b , h _m is the base station and the mobile station The effective height of the antenna, in meters; α(h _m ) is the antenna height factor of the mobile station, and γ is the parabolic correction factor.

The antenna calculates the maximum path loss allowed by the downlink by calculating the downlink (ie, the transmit signal of the transmit antenna), calculates the uplink (ie, the received signal of the receive antenna), and obtains the maximum path loss allowed in the uplink, and subtracts the two values. The required compensation gain can be obtained. As shown in FIG. 3, it is a schematic diagram of the compensation gain required by the antenna device of the present invention, the downlink is the distance covered by the downlink antenna, and the uplink0 is the coverage distance by the same omnidirectional antenna. uplinkX is the expected coverage distance of the antenna shaped by the beam, and uplinkX-uplink0 is the compensation gain needed to solve the imbalance of the wireless communication system.

The division of the ring antenna array sector is performed by dividing the receiving antenna 40 according to a required compensation gain of the antenna device, and forming the X receiving antennas 40 in the circular antenna array. The sector may obtain the compensation gain, the sector consisting of the receiving antennas M to N, comprising a total of X of the receiving antennas 40;

Wherein M and N are any two of the receiving antennas 40 constituting the ring antenna array.

Wherein, the X satisfies the following condition: 10 log (X) dB is greater than or equal to the compensation gain.

For details, please refer to FIG. 4, which is a schematic diagram of the division of the receiving antenna sectors in the antenna apparatus of the present invention. It is assumed that three sectors formed by the receiving antenna 40 are required to compensate for the required compensation gain, that is, three of the receiving antennas 40. The boosted gain of 10 log (3) dB is greater than or equal to the desired compensation gain. Then the sector is divided as follows, the ring antenna array is composed of N receiving antennas 40, that is, array elements, sector 1 is composed of array elements 1, array elements 2, and array elements 3; sector 2 is array element 2 , array element 3, array element 4 composition; and so on, the last array element and the first few array elements form a sector, such as array element N, array element 1, array element 2.

Compensating gains of the received signals by receiving antennas in respective sectors of the ring antenna array such that the maximum path loss allowed by the signals received by the receiving antennas corresponds to a propagation distance greater than or equal to the transmitting antennas The maximum path loss allowed by the signal is extended by the extension of the signal coverage received by the receiving antenna to solve the up-and-down imbalance of the private network wireless communication system.

Then, the antenna device filters the communication signal according to the directivity of the ring antenna array, and then accesses the uplink communication.

Wherein, the compensation gain is provided by a receiving antenna in a corresponding sector of the ring antenna array, specifically:

And dividing the receiving antenna into fans according to the required compensation gain obtained by the antenna device;

Calculating the directivity of the loop antenna array after calculating the directivity of the receiving antenna of each sector, analyzing the radiation characteristics of the loop antenna array, dynamically acquiring the terminal signal strength in each sector, and screening out the most suitable sector. Demodulation processing is performed.

The directivity of the ring antenna array satisfies the following formula:

Where S is the electromagnetic field, N is the number of receiving antennas, I _n is the excitation current amplitude of the nth receiving antenna, β _n is the angle between the nth receiving antenna and the x axis, ρ and ξ are the introduced variables, and j is the complex unit , k is a constant, k = 2π / λ, where λ is the wavelength of the frequency band in which the antenna is located.

Please refer to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the directivity of the loop antenna array in the antenna device of the present invention. A ring antenna array having N isotropic receiving antennas 40, that is, array elements are uniformly arranged along a circumference of radius a, and S(θ, φ) is a far field region P(θ, in the ring antenna array. The matrix factor at the point φ) (θ is the angle between the P point and the Z axis, φ is the angle between the point P and the x axis in the xy plane), and the matrix where P(θ, φ) is located at β=β _n Yuan current is

I _n is the excitation current amplitude of the nth array element, and the excitation phase of the β _n element is referenced to the center of the array.

The contribution of each array element to the far field point is superimposed, so that the far field synthesis matrix factor function of the loop antenna array can be obtained, and:

If the main lobe (the radiation lobe containing the desired maximum radiation direction in the array antenna pattern) is called the main lobe of the antenna, the maximum value points to (θ ₀ , φ ₀ ), and the excitation phase of the nth array element is

α _n =-kasinθ ₀ cos(φ ₀ -β _n )

Here we define the following two variables ρ and ξ, where:

After the transformation is transformed, it can be rewritten as:

As long as elements such as a, N, I _n , a _n , β _n , θ ₀ and φ _{0 are given} and the directionality of the receiving antenna is pre-stored in the software, the directivity of the loop antenna array can be calculated and the radiation characteristics analyzed. It is. The antenna device determines the additional antenna gain required for the uplink and downlink balance, and the associated I _n amplitude phase requirement can be obtained through algorithm synthesis.

The antenna device of the present invention is applied to the uplink receiving by selecting a suitable virtual sector, and specifically, the terminal signal strength in each sector is dynamically obtained, and the most suitable sector is selected according to a certain algorithm for demodulation processing. For example, when the mobile station enters the macro sector, the switching beam system selects a beam that receives the strongest signal for the user communication, and the system continuously monitors the strength of the signal during the communication process, and can switch when the signal is weak. Go to another beam to ensure communication quality.

Referring to FIG. 6, the antenna device fixing structure of the present invention further includes:

Fixing rod 10, fixing the antenna device at a destination through one end of the fixing rod;

The other end of the fixing rod 10 is fixed to the transmitting antenna 20;

The fixing rod 10 is provided with a plurality of supporting arms 30, one end of each supporting arm 30 is fixed on the fixing rod 10, so that the plurality of supporting arms 30 are arranged around the fixing rod 10, And the other end of each support arm is used to set the receiving antenna 40, and the plurality of support arms 30 are unfolded or closed with respect to the fixed rod 10.

The antenna device further includes a gear transmission 11 and a drive chain 12, the drive chain 12 being coupled to one end of the support arm 30 via a gear transmission 11, the gear transmission 11 controlling the support arm through the drive chain 12 30. Expanding or closing; the antenna device further includes a receiver 50 and a beam former 60 for receiving signals and shaping the received signals to form a virtual antenna.

In this embodiment, the receiver 50 is integrated with the beam former 60 in the fixed rod 10. In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 7a, the receiver 50 is in the same beamformer as the beamformer. The antenna devices are integrated outside, and as shown in FIG. 7b, each array element 40 (the receiving antenna 40 constituting the ring antenna array is referred to as an array element 40) is integrated with the receiver 50. The beamformer 60 is connected again.

8a to 8c are schematic structural views of the antenna device according to the present invention in different states. In the present embodiment, FIG. 8a is a schematic structural view of the antenna device fixing structure of the present invention in a transport state, the plurality of support arms. 30 is closed with respect to the fixing rod 10; FIG. 8b is a schematic structural view of the fixing structure of the antenna device of the present invention in an unfolded state, the plurality of supporting arms 30 are unfolded relative to the fixing rod 10; FIG. 8c is a fixing structure of the antenna device of the present invention; In the structural schematic view of the installation completion state, the plurality of support arms 30 are unfolded relative to the fixed rod 10 (an umbrella shape as shown in FIG. 9), and the other end of each support arm 30 is used to set the receiving antenna 40.

The present invention provides an antenna device, the antenna device comprising a transmitting antenna for transmitting a signal, a plurality of receiving antennas for receiving signals, the plurality of receiving antennas forming a ring antenna array, and the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna is allowed The difference between the maximum path loss and the maximum path loss allowed by the signal received by the receiving antenna is a compensation gain, and the gain is compensated by setting a certain number of receiving antennas of the plurality of receiving antennas to one sector, so that the receiving antenna The propagation distance corresponding to the maximum path loss allowed by the received signal is greater than or equal to the propagation distance corresponding to the maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna, thereby realizing the coverage of the signal received by the extended receiving antenna, and realizing the wireless communication system Unbalanced gain.

The above is only the embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and the equivalent structure or equivalent process transformations made by the description of the invention and the drawings are directly or indirectly applied to other related technologies. The fields are all included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims

An antenna device comprising:

a transmitting antenna for transmitting a signal;

a plurality of receiving antennas for receiving signals, the plurality of receiving antennas forming a ring antenna array;

The difference between the maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna and the maximum path loss allowed by the signal received by the receiving antenna is a compensation gain, which is provided by a receiving antenna in a corresponding sector of the ring antenna array And a propagation distance corresponding to a maximum path loss allowed by the signal received by the receiving antenna is greater than or equal to a propagation distance corresponding to a maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of receiving antennas are circumferentially disposed around the transmitting antenna.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein a pitch of two adjacent antennas of the plurality of receiving antennas is smaller than a wavelength of an operating frequency of the receiving antenna.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein a maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna and the signal received by the receiving antenna satisfies the following calculation formula:

FL=Pt-Ct+Gt-Pr+Gr-Cr

Among them, Pr is the receiving end sensitivity, Pt is the transmitting end power, Cr is the receiving end connector and cable loss, Ct is the transmitting end connector and cable loss, Gr is the receiving end antenna gain, Gt is the transmitting end antenna gain, FL is the maximum path loss.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the sector of the loop antenna array divides the receiving antenna according to a compensation gain required by the antenna device, and the X in the loop antenna array The sector formed by the receiving antenna can obtain the compensation gain, and the sector is composed of the receiving antennas M to N, and includes a total of X receiving antennas;

Wherein M and N are any two of the receiving antennas constituting the ring antenna array.
The antenna device according to claim 5, wherein said X satisfies the following condition: 10 log (X) dB is greater than or equal to said compensation gain.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein a propagation distance corresponding to a maximum path loss allowed by the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna and a signal received by the receiving antenna is obtained according to a channel model and a maximum path loss allowed, wherein The channel model depends on the space corresponding to the environment in which the antenna device is located.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the channel model is an Okumura-Hata model, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:

L b city = 69.55 + 26.16lgf - 13.82lgh b - a (h m ) + (44.9 - 6.55lgh b ) (lgd) γ

Where d is the distance between the mobile station and the base station, the unit is km; f is the operating frequency, the unit is MHz; L b is the median basic propagation loss of the urban area; h b , h m is the base station and the mobile station The effective height of the antenna, in meters; α(h m ) is the antenna height factor of the mobile station, and γ is the parabolic correction factor.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein said compensation gain is provided by a receiving antenna in a corresponding sector of said loop antenna array, specifically:

And dividing the receiving antenna into fans according to the required compensation gain obtained by the antenna device;

Calculating the direction of the ring antenna array by calculating the directivity of the receiving antenna array in each sector, analyzing the radiation characteristics of the ring antenna array, dynamically acquiring the terminal signal strength in each sector, and selecting the most suitable one. The sector is demodulated.
The antenna device according to claim 9, wherein the pattern of the loop antenna array satisfies the following formula:

Where S is the electromagnetic field, N is the number of receiving antennas, I n is the excitation current amplitude of the nth receiving antenna, β n is the angle between the nth receiving antenna and the x axis, ρ and ξ are the introduced variables, and j is the complex unit , k is a constant, k = 2π / λ, where λ is the wavelength of the frequency band in which the antenna is located.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of receiving antennas are uniformly arranged in a circular shape around the transmitting antenna.
The antenna device according to claim 11, wherein the radius of the ring of the loop antenna array satisfies the following formula:

a=(D/2)/sin(γ/2)

Where a is the radius of the ring of the loop antenna array, γ is the angle between the adjacent antenna radii, and D is the spacing between the adjacent two antennas.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting antenna is an omnidirectional antenna.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the number of the plurality of receiving antennas is greater than or equal to eighteen.
The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the antenna device further comprises:

Fixing a rod, fixing the antenna device at a destination through one end of the fixing rod;

The other end of the fixing rod fixes the transmitting antenna;

The fixing rod is provided with a plurality of supporting arms, one end of each supporting arm is fixed on the fixing rod, so that the plurality of supporting arms are arranged around the fixing rod, and each supporting arm is The other end is for setting the receiving antenna, and the plurality of supporting arms can be unfolded or closed with respect to the fixing rod.
The antenna device according to claim 15, wherein said antenna device further comprises: a receiver and a beam former for receiving signals and shaping processing the received signals; a gear transmission and a drive chain, said The drive chain is coupled to one end of the support arm by a gear transmission; the gear transmission controls the support arm to expand or close by the drive chain.