WO2019085527A1

WO2019085527A1 - Cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for household organic wastes

Info

Publication number: WO2019085527A1
Application number: PCT/CN2018/093426
Authority: WO
Inventors: 董平年
Original assignee: 董平年
Priority date: 2017-11-03
Filing date: 2018-06-28
Publication date: 2019-05-09
Also published as: WO2019085528A1; CN109937096A; CN109890943A

Abstract

Disclosed is a cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for household organic wastes, the processing apparatus comprising a closed rotary cracking and reduction conversion reaction device (8), and a heating device (16) for indirectly heating materials therein from the outside of the closed rotary cracking and reduction conversion reaction device (8). The whole process from cracking to gas treatment adopts a closed cycle operation to insulate organic materials from air, such that the treatment process and discharge are completely controlled, the reaction process of organic materials is stable, and the output is stable. The organic materials are continuously stirred and uniformly heated in the reaction device, such that the reaction is fully completed, thereby maximizing the production of resource products, such as combustible gas and tar, and reducing the generation of other harmful products. The entire system achieves an energy cycle, and the system itself has a reduced need for externally supplied fuel, thereby greatly reducing the energy consumption and operating costs.

Description

Cracking reduction conversion reaction processing equipment for living organic waste

Technical field

The invention relates to a cracking reduction conversion reaction processing device for living organic waste, belonging to the technical field of environmental protection.

Background technique

With the rapid expansion of the population, the number of living organic wastes has increased day by day, seriously polluting the towns and surrounding environment, and it will cause serious damage to the surrounding residents' bodies. The disposal of domestic organic waste is imminent. However, reducing the comprehensive treatment cost of organic waste, improving the economic benefits of organic waste, and making it harmless, reducing, and resource-resource are important issues for the whole society to promote organic waste disposal.

At present, the main treatment methods for organic waste in China are mostly oxidative incineration decomposition technology (incineration power generation), incomplete oxidative cracking gasification technology, and biological fermentation landfill rot gasification technology. Due to the complex composition and low calorific value of organic waste in towns and cities in China, it is necessary to add auxiliary fuel when incineration power generation and cracking gasification, which increases the cost of treatment. When incineration power generation is operated, harmful substances such as dioxins may be generated due to factors such as technology and operation. Landfill treatment takes up a large amount of land while seriously polluting the atmosphere and groundwater sources.

The cracking gasification and secondary combustion of organic waste is called the third generation processing technology. However, research practice shows that the cracking gasification technology is an effective way to reduce organic waste, reduce pollution, and recycle resources. There are still many technical difficulties in making this technology practical. The pyrolysis gasification technology as disclosed in the patent document CN101457147A, CN206219517U, and CN106949479A has no problem from a theoretical point of view. In practice, it will find that the implementation effect is not ideal, so the industry It has never been promoted.

In some equipment, the inability to isolate oxygen from the cracking reaction makes the cracking gasifier eventually become a small incinerator, which inevitably brings environmental problems such as dioxin emissions.

In some equipments, because the components contained in organic waste are complex and varied, materials with different water contents and different densities have different requirements for cracking reactions, but the equipment cannot implement the corresponding differences in process parameters as process parameters. Often, the stacking pressure of the combustion layer is uneven during the treatment, the supply of oxygen to the wind is blocked, and the uneven combustion is formed to form a bridge, so that the energy cycle in the cracking furnace is interrupted or even dead fire, resulting in unstable cracking reaction. In the case where the cracking reaction is unstable, the yield of combustible gas obtained by the cracking is also unstable. Further, since the combustion of the combustion chamber mainly depends on the combustible gas generated by the cracking, the combustion of the combustion chamber is unstable, the combustion of the combustion chamber is unstable, and on the one hand, the incomplete combustion itself produces the emission of harmful substances; A complete cracking reaction cannot be carried out in the cracking furnace, and finally the cracking furnace only constitutes a crucible furnace.

Summary of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above method and technology, and to provide a cracking reduction conversion reaction processing device capable of realizing sufficient cracking reaction of domestic organic waste, and environmentally, efficiently and completely changing living organic waste into resource materials.

(2) Technical plan

In order to achieve the above object, the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:

A cracking reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste, comprising a closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device and a heating device for indirectly heating the material inside from the outside of the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device .

Preferably, the cleavage reduction conversion reaction device comprises a horizontal cylinder that is rotatable about a horizontal axis.

Preferably, the cylinder comprises a feed port and a discharge port at both ends of the horizontal; the cracking reduction conversion reaction device further comprises a material propelling device for supplying organic material from the feed port to the cylinder, and a discharge conveying device comprising a solid product of an organic material discharged and/or recovered from the discharge port; a feed opening device of the material propulsion device and the discharge conveying device and a feed port of the cylinder The spout is connected to the rotary seal.

Preferably, the discharge conveyor is coupled to a cooling structure for reducing the discharge temperature of the solid product to a safe temperature for storage, the solid product comprising organic carbon.

Preferably, the casing of the material propulsion device is provided with a gas collecting pipe for collecting the gaseous phase product of the organic material.

Preferably, the gas collecting pipe is connected to a gas phase condensation bundling device for separating the dust-filtered gas phase product into tar, combustible gas and water for separate recovery.

Preferably, the combustible gas is used as a fuel in the heating device after being purified.

Preferably, the heating device comprises a heat conducting chamber, a burner, an oxygen supply fan and a fuel gas supply device, the fuel gas supply device and the oxygen supply fan supply fuel gas and oxygen to the burner for combustion, and the heat conduction chamber receives combustion The heat is transferred to the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction unit to indirectly heat the organic material.

Preferably, the fuel gas supply device supplies a fuel gas including a combustible gas produced by the closed-rotation cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8).

Preferably, the method further comprises a pretreatment system device for processing the domestic organic waste into a uniform block of organic materials,

And an organic material conveying device and a feeding device for supplying the organic material to the closed-rotation cracking reduction conversion reaction device.

Preferably, further comprising a parameter control system device comprising a control device, a temperature sensor and a pressure sensor, the temperature sensor being disposed in the closed-rotation cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8), the pressure sensor being disposed in the a closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8) and the heating device, the control device for absorbing moisture, pressure, temperature, reaction time and environment of the organic material according to the data fed back by the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor The rotational speed of the closed rotary pyrolysis reduction conversion reaction device (8) is precisely controlled.

Preferably, the parameter control system device further comprises a humidity sensor and/or a pH meter disposed in the cylinder, the control device for drying time and pH of the organic material according to the data fed back by the humidity sensor and or the pH meter Make adjustments.

Preferably, the parameter control system apparatus further includes a proportional control valve disposed in the fuel gas supply means in the heating means for adjusting the ratio of the fuel gas to the oxygen to control the degree of combustion.

Preferably, the parameter control system apparatus further includes a carbon monoxide detector disposed in the exhaust conduit of the heating device for online monitoring of the carbon monoxide emissions emitted by the burner and adjusting the burner proportional control valve based on the carbon monoxide emissions.

(3) Beneficial effects

The apparatus of the present invention is capable of fully performing a cracking reaction to simulate the formation process of coal, oil and natural gas in nature, not only by taking this reaction process, which takes hundreds of years in nature, through appropriate temperature, pressure, time and pH. Under the condition of (pH), it can be reproduced within a few hours, and the organic material as a raw material can be sufficiently subjected to the above reaction, thereby avoiding environmental problems caused by insufficient reaction. The amount of harmful gas generated is lower than international standards and national standards. For example, the dioxin emission standard is 0.1 ng, and the emission of dioxins from domestic organic waste using the apparatus of the present invention is less than 0.02 ng, under some sample conditions. It is 0.005 ng, which is far superior to the emission standard.

The device of the invention can achieve the technical effect described theoretically with the cracking reaction, and can completely convert the living organic waste into a harmless physical state through a harmless way, and convert into "oil" according to the organic molecular composition contained therein. Resource materials such as gas and carbon.

More specifically, the beneficial effects of the present invention further include:

1. The whole process of the equipment from cracking to gas treatment adopts closed cycle operation, which makes the treatment process and discharge completely controlled, and the reaction process of organic materials is stable, which is truly harmless.

2. The cracking reduction conversion reaction device is arranged in a horizontal and a rotating manner, and the material is continuously stirred in the reaction device, so that the reaction is sufficiently complete, so that a stable combustible gas product can be obtained without generating other harmful products.

3. The heating device for supplying heat to the cracking reduction conversion reaction device is independently disposed with respect to the cracking reduction conversion reaction chamber (inside of the cylinder), and the heating device supplies heat only to the reaction chamber without introducing an open flame into the reaction chamber. This approach facilitates the placement of an environmental information collection device within the reaction chamber and, in turn, facilitates precise control of the internal environment of the reaction chamber.

4. The burner receives the combustible gas obtained by the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction unit and combusts therein to obtain heat supplied to the reaction chamber. Since the cracking reduction conversion reaction is sufficiently stable, the output of the combustible gas can be maximized, the quality is high, and the flow rate is stable, thereby effectively ensuring the combustion stability in the burner, and the self-production maximum meets the self-energy demand. The entire process achieves a stable energy cycle, minimizing the fuel supplied by the outside world, and greatly reducing operating costs.

5. The device also includes a parameter control device to perform precise parameter control on the process of cracking, reduction and conversion reaction to ensure sufficient circulation balance and reaction of the entire system. For example, by collecting temperature, humidity, and pH data in the reaction chamber, the internal environment in the reaction chamber is controlled to maintain an ideal state or reacted according to an ideal control process; for example, by controlling the temperature of the gas phase condensation bundling device to make the tar oil and gas The separation is more thorough, avoiding undesired mixing resulting in a decrease in the quality of the combustible gas obtained after the separation, producing undesirable harmful products in subsequent combustion, and even affecting the temperature in the reaction chamber.

6, high degree of automation, easy to operate. As long as the organic material is placed in the pretreatment feed port, all subsequent process steps are fully automated, without human intervention, and the operator's requirements are very low.

7. This equipment can automatically sort and crush materials, and the composition and shape of materials can be effectively controlled, thus providing ideal materials for cracking reaction, which can avoid the influence of uneven quality of materials on the degree of reaction.

8. The discharge port of the cracking reduction conversion reaction device is designed to directly discharge and/or recover the solid product “carbon”, which is not mixed with the gas phase product, and is convenient for separation and recycling.

9. The gas treatment system can completely separate the gas phase product obtained by the cracking reduction conversion reaction device, and separate it into "tar, combustible gas and water", thereby facilitating separate recycling.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic view of a cracking reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste in an embodiment of the present invention.

[reference mark]

1: weighbridge; 2: gripper; 3: belt transport magnetic separator; 4: crusher; 5: belt conveyor; 6: feed bin; 7: material propulsion device; 8: closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device ; 9: cylinder; 10: gear ring transmission mechanism; 11: sealing using bellows mechanical combination sealing device; 12: spiral material guide plate; 13: water-cooled discharge conveyor; 14: feeding sealing device; 15: out Material sealing device; 16: heating device; 17: heat conducting chamber; 18: self-aligning burner; 19: proportional control valve; 20: gas purifier; 21: dust purifier; 22: gas phase condensation bundling device; Steam drum; 24: cooling dust removal tower; 25: oil and gas water separator; 26: oxygen supply fan; 27: organic carbon storage device; 28: oil storage device; 29: circulating water tank; 30, discharge screw conveyor.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings,

The invention relates to a cracking reduction conversion reaction processing device for living organic waste, which provides a cracking reduction conversion reaction treatment environment, creates a condition guiding material to be naturally reduced and decomposed according to its original attribute, and returns to the organic substance before returning to the organic substance. Harmless physical state. Specific practice: the domestic organic waste is subjected to a pretreatment system, a cracking reduction conversion reaction system, a gas treatment system, parameter control, etc., to treat domestic organic waste to become a resource substance.

As shown in FIG. 1, the cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing equipment of the domestic organic waste of the present invention comprises: a pretreatment system equipment, a cracking reduction conversion reaction system equipment, a gas treatment system equipment, and a parameter control equipment.

Living organic waste and organic materials

The living organic garbage referred to in the present invention refers to garbage which is mainly composed of bio-organic matter, such as fruit and vegetable skin stalks, food residues, straws, dead branches and leaves, which are produced in daily life of human beings. Under the current incomplete and inconspicuous classification of domestic waste, these domestic organic wastes will inevitably be doped with some inorganic waste materials, such as glass bottles, construction waste, metals, batteries and so on. In order to better implement the present invention, the present invention requires pretreatment of collected domestic organic waste to obtain an organic material, and the organic material finally entering the apparatus is composed of three elements of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Pretreatment system equipment

In the cracking and reduction processing apparatus of the domestic organic garbage shown in FIG. 1, the pretreatment system equipment includes: a scale 1, a gripper 2, a belt conveying magnetic separator 3, and a crusher 4.

Running the vehicle-mounted organic garbage into the field, after the weight of the weighbridge 1 is discharged into the storage room; removing non-organic substances in the domestic organic waste, such as construction waste, bottles, cans, etc. by means of manual or sorting equipment; loading with the loading machine 2 The magnetic separator 3 is transported to the belt to remove components such as metal and batteries; and is conveyed to the crusher 4 to be crushed into uniform block-shaped organic materials having a thickness of 50 to 100 mm and a thickness of less than 15 mm.

By means of this pretreatment system equipment, a good quality organic material is obtained, which facilitates the subsequent cleavage reduction conversion reaction. Of course, it is not excluded that the quality of the organic domestic waste itself is collected. In this case, the pretreatment system equipment can be omitted. According to the actual situation, some or all of the devices of the pre-processing system device may be omitted without affecting the processing.

Pyrolysis reduction conversion reaction system equipment

The cracking reduction conversion reaction system apparatus includes a belt conveyor 5, a feed hopper 6, a material propulsion device 7, a closed-rotation cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8, a discharge screw conveyor 30, and a heating device 16.

The belt conveyor 5 is for conveying the organic material obtained after the pretreatment to the feed hopper 6 on the side of the closed rotary cleavage reduction conversion reaction device 8. The material enters the material propulsion device 7 from the feed hopper 6 and is pushed by the material propulsion device 7 into the closed rotary cleavage reduction conversion reaction device 8.

Material propulsion device 7

The material propulsion device 7 includes a screw disposed in a horizontal direction in the casing, and a first end of the casing is connected to the feed bin 6 and a second end is connected to the closed rotary type. The cleavage reduction conversion reaction device 8 is carried out. The horizontal screw extends from the first end to the second end, and even extends to the inside of the cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8, and a continuous blade disposed along the Archimedes spiral is formed on the screw for The Archimedes screw advancement mode advances the organic material received from the feed hopper 6 into the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction unit 8. Alternatively, the material propulsion device can also hydraulically propel the material. The material is pushed laterally by the material propulsion unit 7 to the inside of the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction unit 8.

An operable closing device is disposed at the first end of the material propulsion device 7 or on the feed bin 6 after the expected weight or volume of organic material enters the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8 Before the reaction is started, the closing device is closed to form a closed oxygen-free space inside the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8.

The closed rotary cleavage reduction conversion reaction device 8

The closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8 comprises a horizontal cylinder 9 which rotates around a horizontal axis during operation to ensure that the material maintains a balanced distribution in the cylinder at all times and ensures the cylinder The material in any part of the material has the same or substantially the same temperature at the same time. The rotation comprises a clockwise rotation and/or a counterclockwise rotation, ie the barrel 9 can be rotated forward and reversed.

Preferably, the barrel has a circular, polygonal or the like cross-section that is centrally symmetric about the horizontal axis. The cylinder 9 is designed to be horizontal, on the one hand, to facilitate the rotation of the cylinder; on the other hand, when the horizontal cylinder 9 rotates around the horizontal axis, the organic material is thrown and dropped, and this rotation form It is especially advantageous to stir the organic material evenly. It should be noted that the horizontal axis referred to herein is not limited to a strict level. It is conceivable that the cylinder is set to be slightly inclined as long as it does not affect the turning and stirring of the material in the cylinder, and is in the invention. Within the scope of protection. Similarly, horizontal screws for feeding and discharging are not necessarily critical. The horizontal setting is only a preferred solution.

The rotation of the cylinder 9 is achieved by means of a motor and a toothed ring drive driven by a motor. Specifically, a toothed ring may be fixedly provided on the outer surface of the cylindrical body 9, and the center line of the toothed ring is the rotational axis of the cylindrical body 9. The motor is engaged with the ring gear through a transmission to drive the cylinder 9 to rotate. The ring gears are arranged one, two or more depending on the scale of the cylinder 9.

The motor allows the barrel 9 to rotate in the forward or reverse direction when needed, so that when rotated in one direction causes material accumulation in the barrel, the reverse rotation causes the material to be more evenly dispersed in the barrel, thereby further promoting uniform heating.

The feeding port and the discharging port of the cylinder 9 are respectively located at two ends of the cylinder body, and the feeding port is sealedly connected with the casing of the material propelling device 7 by a sealing device 11. Preferably, the sealing device is a bellows mechanical combination sealing device 11. The discharge port is also sealedly connected to the housing of the discharge screw conveyor 30 by a bellows mechanical combination sealing device 11.

The screw of the material advancing device 7 extends into the cylinder 9 through the feed port of the cylinder 9. The inner wall of the cylinder 9 is provided with a spiral material guide plate 12 for guiding the material from the inside of the cylinder 9 to the discharge opening by means of the rotating action of the cylinder 9.

The discharge screw conveyor 30 serves as a discharge conveying device for discharging and/or recovering the solid product after the reaction from the discharge port. The discharge screw conveyor 30 includes a casing and a screw disposed in the casing in a horizontal direction. As described above, one end of the casing is sealingly connected to the discharge port of the cylinder 9 and passes through the The discharge port communicates with the inside of the cylindrical body 9, and one end of the screw extends into the cylindrical body 9, and the other end extends in a direction away from the cylindrical body 9. Similar to the structure of the material advancing device 7, the screw of the discharge screw conveyor 30 is formed with continuous blades arranged along the Archimedes spiral for propelling the material inside the cylinder 9 by Archimedes screw propulsion. External output.

An end of the housing of the discharge screw conveyor 30 remote from the barrel 9 includes a downwardly closable discharge opening. The discharge port is closed during the reaction, and after the reaction is completed, the organic carbon for discharging the reaction is opened.

The discharge opening is connected to the vertically downward water-cooled discharge conveyor 13 by means of a discharge seal 15. The water-cooled discharge conveyor 13 includes a water jacket disposed outside the discharge conduit to provide water jacketed water circulation cooling to the organic carbon in the discharge conduit, and the organic carbon carbon discharge temperature is lowered to a safe temperature and then transported to the organic carbon storage device. 27 in.

The interior of the barrel 9 is in communication with a gas collection conduit for collecting gaseous products produced during the dry distillation reaction. In the illustrated embodiment, the gas collection conduit is attached to the side wall of the housing of the material propulsion unit 14 to be in gaseous communication with the interior of the barrel 9. The gas collecting duct is not disposed on the side wall of the rotating cylinder 9, but is disposed on the side wall of the casing of the stationary material propulsion device 14 to reduce the complexity of the connecting structure. At the same time, when the gas phase product is produced in the cylinder 9, there is almost no material in the material propulsion device 14, and there is no risk of blockage of the pipe inlet.

heating equipment

The heating device 16 is used for heating the cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8 to remove moisture in the material inside the cylinder 9, so that the heat value of the material is improved, and the occurrence of the cracking reduction conversion reaction is promoted. The heating device 16 may be provided with one or more, and in the case where a plurality of heating devices are provided, one or more of them may be activated according to the demand of the heating. In this way, flexible heating of the cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8 can be achieved, and the temperature requirement of the organic material in the cylinder 9 can be satisfied.

The heating device 16 includes a thermally conductive chamber 17 that is capable of transferring heat to at least a portion of the barrel 9. For example, the heat transfer chamber 17 is disposed at the bottom of the cylindrical body 9, covers the bottom of the cylindrical body in the direction of the bus bar of the cylindrical body, and transfers heat generated in the heat transfer chamber 17 to the cylindrical body 9 by heat conduction, thereby realizing Indirect heating of the material in the cylinder. As the barrel 9 rotates, heat can be transferred from the different locations on the surface of the barrel 9 to the contents of the barrel.

The heat in the heat-conducting chamber 17 is generated by combustion of a fuel (including a combustible gas obtained by separating the gas phase product of the cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8) by means of a self-aligning gas burner 18, and the oxygen supply fan 26 is used for the burner 18. Air or oxygen is supplied inside. The interior of the thermally conductive chamber 17 is made of a refractory insulating material to ensure that the greatest proportion of heat will be transferred to the barrel 9 rather than being dissipated.

A gas control pipe or an air pipe connected to the burner 18 is provided with a proportional control valve 19 for controlling the ratio of air and gas entering, and capable of controlling the amount of heat generated by the combustion, thereby accurately controlling the heat transfer chamber 17 according to a predetermined temperature profile. Internal temperature. When the heat balance is reached in the burner and in the barrel, the temperatures are the same.

The proportional control valve 19 is connected to a PLC controller which controls the proportional control valve 19 in accordance with the following temperature reaction conditions of the material in the cylinder 9.

The flue gas generated by the combustion of the combustible gas in the furnace of the burner 18 is discharged directly by the cooling dust removal tower 24 to remove impurities. Optionally, a wet filtration device is further included, and the acid harmful gas in the flue gas is removed by mixing reaction with the alkali liquid sprayed at 5% concentration.

Before the dust filter is discharged, a carbon monoxide detector is preferably disposed in the exhaust pipe, and is connected to the PLC controller to detect the carbon monoxide emission contained in the flue gas in real time, and adjust the burner proportional control valve according to the carbon monoxide emission. 19. Increase the oxygen supply or increase the ratio of oxygen to fuel gas when the carbon monoxide emissions exceed a certain threshold; maintain the oxygen supply or maintain the proportion of oxygen and combustible gas when the carbon monoxide emissions are below a certain threshold, in short To keep carbon monoxide emissions to a minimum, so that the fuel gas can be fully burned in the burner. Some or all of these fuel gases are combustible gases produced by the cracking reduction reaction.

Temperature reaction conditions in the cylinder 9

Specifically, during the entire processing of the material, the temperature profile can be divided into chronological order:

In the first stage of drying, the temperature in the cylinder 9 is maintained at 100-200 ° C. The function is to evaporate the moisture of the material in the cylinder, so that the material is uniformly heated and gradually dried to meet the material drying standard.

Uniform heating as used herein and hereinafter means that the organic material at any part of the cylinder is at the same or substantially the same temperature at the same time. Uniform heating is one of the key technologies emphasized by the present invention, both in the drying stage and in the dry distillation stage. Or in the carbonization stage, it is desirable that the material is uniformly heated in the cylinder. Uniform heating in the present invention is achieved by continuously turning the material over the barrel. By continuous reversal is meant that the material is continuously inverted continuously or at known time intervals throughout the various stages of drying, dry distillation or carbonization. That is, continuous flipping does not mean that the cylinder must be continuously rotated, or it can be rotated at a certain time interval, for example, by rotating for 2 minutes at intervals of 0.5 minutes, and then continuing to rotate in the same direction or in the opposite direction for 2 minutes, and then at intervals of 0.5 minutes.

The drying standard of the material that normally satisfies the conditions of the dry distillation reaction is about 20% of the water content, and the duration of this stage is adjusted according to the water content of the material to be treated.

In this stage, it is possible to assist in detecting the dryness of the material by observing the observation window on the gas phase condensation bundling device in the gas collecting pipe. If the material is wet, condensed water will be observed on the observation window of the gas phase condensation bundling device. As the material dries, the condensed water gradually decreases until the observation window is dry, and the material reaches the drying standard.

In the second stage of the dry distillation reaction stage, the material is continuously heated uniformly and slowly heated to 450 ° C to 550 ° C and maintained. The role of this stage is to produce a large amount of flammable gas and tar oil and gas. The temperature is continuously raised at a temperature rising rate of 15 ° C to 20 ° C / min from the holding temperature in the drying stage. Increasing the temperature at this rate ensures stable stabilization of the subsequent retorting reaction. After heating to 300 ° C, the dry distillation reaction begins to occur, the main products are methane, ethylene, ethane and carbon monoxide. The reaction time at this stage varies depending on the composition of the materials. The invention assists in judging whether the reaction is completed by monitoring the pressure inside the cylinder. Specifically, the pressure gradually increases during the reaction, and the reaction end pressure gradually decreases. When the control device detects a decrease in pressure, it judges that the reaction is over. Preferably, when the pressure is reduced to stabilize, the reaction is completely complete and the resulting gas phase product is substantially completely recovered.

In the third stage carbonization stage, the temperature in the cylinder 9 is maintained at 580 ° C to 640 ° C, preferably 600 ° C. During this process, it is still continued to ensure that the material is evenly heated. The material after the full dry distillation reaction no longer produces a gas phase product, but gradually carbonizes to form a solid phase product organic carbon.

The three-stage temperature control can be achieved by controlling the pressure in the heat-conducting chamber by the number of heating devices. The pressure in the heat transfer chamber and the temperature of the heat transfer chamber directly control the temperature stability in the cylinder to achieve the best three-stage work process and efficiency.

By means of the above control process, the material in the reaction chamber can be fully subjected to a cracking reduction conversion reaction. Since the organic material reacts under the anaerobic condition in the sealed cylinder, the material does not burn and does not generate harmful gases such as dioxins. Ying et al., because the entire cylinder is sealed, does not emit dust and other particulate pollutants into the environment, and all organic materials are fully converted into "oil, gas and carbon".

The gaseous fuel used in the heating device 16 is derived from the gas phase product of the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction unit 8. The gas phase product is not used directly as the heating device 16, but requires a series of gas treatments, which will be described below.

Gas treatment system equipment

In order to separate and collect the oil and gas products in the above-mentioned cracking reduction conversion reaction, the apparatus of the present invention further comprises a gas treatment system apparatus, comprising: a steam separator 23, a dust purification purifier 21, a gas phase condensation bundling device 22, and an oil and gas water separator. 25. A gas purifier 20 and a circulating water tank 29.

Specifically, the gas collection pipe on the cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8 is provided with a steam separator 23, and the acidic toxic and harmful gas such as HCl, SOx and HF generated during the cracking reduction reaction is removed by wet absorption, for example, by Ca(OH). 2, NaOH and other alkaline substances are absorbed and removed, and the remaining gas phase products are pressure buffered to facilitate gas entry into subsequent processing procedures.

The gas phase product enters the dust purifier 21 from the steam separator 23, and under the action of centrifugal force, the particles of the mixture of dust and oil and gas sink, and the gas escapes through the upper outlet, thereby removing the solid particles entrained in the gas phase product.

After dedusting and purifying, all of the gas phase products are high temperature organic vapors, including oil and gas mixtures. These vapors are delivered to the vapor phase condensation bundling device 22. The structure of the vapor phase condensation bundling device 22 is a conventional bundling device structure, which is externally cooled by a circulating water tank 29 to condense the steam therein to obtain a gas-liquid mixture after condensation.

The temperature in the gas phase condensation bundling device 22 needs to be controlled, on the one hand, a temperature sensor is provided, and on the other hand, a temperature adjusting device is provided, which is connected to the parameter control system device, so that the temperature of the gas phase condensation bundling device 22 is controlled at At 10 ° C, tar oil and gas and combustible gas can be completely separated under this temperature condition. It is conceivable that a constant temperature water tank can be used instead of the temperature sensor and the temperature adjusting device, and the temperature of the gas phase condensation bundling device 22 can also be controlled at 10 °C. These temperature control means are all within the scope of the invention.

The gas-liquid mixture enters the oil-water separator 25, and the tar, water, and combustible gas are separated. After being separated by the oil, water and gas separator 25, the tar is stored in the oil storage device 28, and can be recycled; the water can be discharged or recycled; the combustible gas is purified by the gas purifier 20 as a heating device 16 The fuel is recycled, and the heat generated by the combustion of the combustible gas is used to maintain the temperature required for the cracking reduction conversion reaction.

The recovered combustible gas may be passed directly to the heating device 16, or may be stored and passed to the heating device 16 as needed. The fuel gas for combustion in the heating device 16 to generate heat includes the recovered combustible gas and other fuel gases, which are supplemented by the combustible gas.

The flue gas generated by the combustion of the fuel gas (including the combustible gas) in the furnace of the burner 18 is discharged by the cooling dust removal tower 24 to remove the impurities. Optionally, a wet filtration device is further included, and the acid harmful gas in the flue gas is removed by mixing reaction with the alkali liquid sprayed at 5% concentration.

Parameter control system equipment

In order to accurately control the conditions of the cracking reduction conversion reaction, the material in the cylinder 9 is uniformly heated according to the ideal temperature profile to ensure efficient operation of the system, and the present invention also includes a parameter control system device.

The parameter control system device includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, a pH meter, a carbon monoxide detector, a motor that drives the cylinder 9 to rotate, a burner proportional control valve 19, and/or an oxygen supply fan disposed in the barrel 9. 26, and a control device connected to these devices.

The control device is configured to adjust the drying and holding time and the pH of the organic material according to the humidity sensor and the data fed back by the pH meter.

The control device includes a variable frequency controller and a PLC controller.

The variable frequency controller is used to adjust the air volume of the oxygen supply fan 26, and the PLC controller can adjust the burner proportional control valve 19. By adjusting the air volume of the oxygen supply fan 26 and adjusting the burner proportional control valve 19, the fuel gas rate to the burner, and the fuel gas and air can be determined according to the temperature requirement of the organic material in the closed cylinder. The ratio is adjusted. For example, collecting the real-time temperature in the closed cylinder, compared with the set temperature, increasing the rate of the fuel gas flowing into the combustor when the real-time temperature is lower than the set temperature, that is, increasing the fuel gas supply amount; When the real-time temperature is higher than the set temperature, the rate of the fuel gas that is introduced into the combustor is reduced, that is, the fuel gas supply amount is reduced. And based on the fuel gas supply amount, the ratio of the fuel gas to the air is adjusted in a desired ratio.

As another example, the PLC controller is also coupled to a carbon monoxide detector that is arranged to monitor the carbon monoxide emissions emitted by the burner on-line and to adjust the burner proportional control valve 19 based on the carbon monoxide emissions. Increase the oxygen supply or increase the ratio of oxygen to fuel gas when the carbon monoxide emissions are above a certain threshold; maintain the oxygen supply or maintain the ratio of oxygen to fuel gas when the carbon monoxide emissions are below a certain threshold, in short To keep carbon monoxide emissions to a minimum.

The PLC controller is used to control the motor, temperature control, pressure control, humidity control, reaction time control and pH control.

The control of the motor includes control of the start and stop of the motor and control of the rotational speed and the rotational direction of the cylinder 9 to achieve uniform heating and feed and discharge of the material in the cylinder.

The temperature control includes detecting and controlling the temperature of the organic material in the cylinder and the heating or cooling rate to ensure that the organic material in the cylinder always meets the temperature requirement; and according to the temperature of the organic material in the cylinder and the rate of temperature rise or fall, The amount, rate and ratio of oxygen and fuel gases that pass into the burner are adjusted so that the temperature is always at the desired value.

The pressure control includes detection and/or control of the pressure inside the cylinder of the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8, and detection and/or control of the pressure in the heat transfer chamber, and if a pressure drop is detected in the dry distillation reaction phase, it is determined as The dry distillation reaction ends.

The humidity control includes controlling the humidity inside the cylinder of the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8, and determining whether the first drying phase is completed based on the humidity. For example, in the drying stage, the humidity in the closed cylinder is detected, and when the humidity is lowered to the set humidity, it is judged that the drying is completed.

The pH control includes controlling the organic material in the barrel of the closed rotary cleavage reduction conversion reaction device 8. If the pH is deviated, an appropriate amount of acid or base may be applied to the barrel to adjust the pH. In particular, in the dry distillation reaction stage, the pH of the closed cylinder is detected. When the pH is deviated from the set pH, an acid or a base is added to the closed cylinder to stabilize the pH at a set pH, for example, setting a pH. It is 7-8 to facilitate the occurrence of the dry distillation reaction.

The above-mentioned control is precisely controlled, so that the material in the cylinder of the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device 8 is uniformly heated, and the predetermined reaction conditions of cracking, reduction and transformation are satisfied, and the continuous and efficient operation of the system is effectively ensured.

working principle

By means of the above-mentioned device of the present invention, it is possible to realize the harmless treatment of organic waste (ie, domestic organic waste), and can be converted into a tar product having market value by treatment, and at the same time, the combustible gas produced by itself can be used as a fuel. In order to generate the energy required for its own processing, the energy required for the entire process is extremely low, thereby achieving low-cost operation.

The specific working principle is as follows. After the domestic organic waste enters the field, it is used as the raw material for use after being measured and stored, and the pretreatment is performed before the treatment, including but not limited to the removal of inorganic waste such as metal battery by the magnetic separation device.

Next, the obtained organic material is spirally advanced into a cracking reduction reaction unit for reaction, and the reaction includes a drying step, a dry distillation reaction step, and a carbonization step.

Then, the gas phase product obtained by the cleavage reduction reaction enters the gas treatment system equipment for treatment, and is separated into three products of oil, gas and water.

On the one hand, the separated tar (oil) is stored as the main product of domestic organic waste and can be sold to the market.

On the other hand, the obtained non-condensable gas (the main component is a combustible gas) is purified to obtain a high-purity combustible gas, which is introduced into a heating device to generate heat, and is supplied to a cracking reduction reaction device for use in a cracking reduction treatment. The gaseous products of these combustible gases are discharged by dust removal.

On the other hand, the solid phase product obtained by the cleavage reduction reaction is organic carbon, which is separately cooled, recovered, and stored in the form of solid organic carbon after cooling.

The whole process of the above-mentioned cracking reduction reaction is controlled by the parameter control system to ensure that the reaction is carried out under ideal conditions. The reaction is made uniform, fully carried out, and the recovered combustible gas is fully utilized as a fuel to provide heat for the material reaction.

The above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art will have a change in the specific embodiment and application scope according to the idea of the present invention. The content of the present specification should not be construed as the present invention. limits.

Claims

A cracking reduction conversion reaction treatment apparatus for living organic waste, characterized in that it comprises a closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8) and an external pair from the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8) The internal material is heated by indirect heating (16).
The cracking reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8) comprises a horizontal cylinder (9), and the cylinder (9) is capable of Rotate around a horizontal axis.
A cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 2, wherein

The cylinder (9) includes a feed port and a discharge port at both ends of the horizontal;

The cleavage reduction conversion reaction device (8) further includes a material propelling device (7) for supplying organic material from the feed port to the barrel (9), and including a solid product of the organic material from the a discharge conveying device (13) for discharging and/or recycling the discharge port;

The material propulsion device (7) and the casing of the discharge conveying device (13) are relatively rotationally and sealingly connected to the feeding port and the discharging port of the cylinder body (9).
The cracking reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 3, wherein the discharge conveying device (13) is connected to a cooling structure for lowering the discharge temperature of the solid product to a safe temperature,

The solid product includes organic carbon.
A cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 3, wherein

A gas collecting pipe for collecting a gas phase product of an organic material is disposed on a casing of the material propulsion device.
A cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 5, wherein

The gas collection conduit is connected to a vapor phase condensation bundling device (22) for separating the dust-filtered gas phase product into tar, combustible gas and water for separate recovery.
A cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 6, wherein

The combustible gas is used as a fuel in the heating device (16) after being purified.
A cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 1, wherein

The heating device (16) includes a heat conducting chamber (17), a burner (18), an oxygen supply fan (26), and a fuel gas supply device.

a fuel gas supply device and an oxygen supply fan (26) for supplying fuel gas and oxygen to the burner (18),

The heat transfer chamber (17) receives the heat generated by the combustion of the fuel gas and transfers it to the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8) to indirectly heat the organic material.
A cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 8, wherein

The fuel gas includes a combustible gas produced by the closed-rotation cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8).
A cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 1, wherein

Also included is a pretreatment system apparatus for processing the domestic organic waste into a uniform block of organic material,

And an organic material conveying device and a feeding device for supplying the organic material to the closed-rotation cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8).
A cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 1, wherein

Also includes parameter control system equipment, including control devices, temperature sensors and pressure sensors,

The temperature sensor is disposed in the closed-rotation cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8);

The pressure sensor is disposed in the closed rotary cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8) and the heating device;

The control device is configured to accurately control the moisture, pressure, temperature, reaction time of the organic material and the rotational speed of the closed rotary pyrolysis reduction conversion reaction device (8) according to the data fed back by the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor. .
A cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 11, wherein

The parameter control system apparatus further includes a humidity sensor and/or a pH meter disposed in the closed-rotation cracking reduction conversion reaction device (8),

The control device is configured to adjust the drying time and the pH of the organic material according to the humidity sensor and the data fed back by the pH meter.
A cracking and reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 11, wherein

The parameter control system apparatus further includes a proportional control valve (19) disposed in the fuel gas supply device in the heating device for adjusting a ratio of fuel gas to oxygen to control the degree of combustion of the fuel gas.
A cracking reduction conversion reaction processing apparatus for living organic waste according to claim 13, wherein

The parameter control system apparatus further includes a carbon monoxide detector disposed in the exhaust conduit of the heating device for online monitoring of the carbon monoxide emissions emitted by the combustor and adjusting the combustor proportional control valve (19) based on the carbon monoxide emissions.