WO2019037893A1

WO2019037893A1 - Method for emergency supply of a hydrogen-driven system, and hydrogen-driven system with emergency supply

Info

Publication number: WO2019037893A1
Application number: PCT/EP2018/025206
Authority: WO
Inventors: Robert Adler; Sascha Dorner; Christoph Nagl; Georg Fahrthofer
Original assignee: Linde Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2017-08-22
Filing date: 2018-07-26
Publication date: 2019-02-28

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the emergency supply of a hydrogen-driven system (100) with hydrogen (c), which system (100) has a hydrogen tank (110) for supplying hydrogen (d) to a hydrogen drive (120, 130), wherein, in the system (100), metal hydride (b) is provided in a metal hydride reservoir (140) and water (a) is provided in a water reservoir (150), and wherein when needed, a reaction of the metal hydride (b) with the water (a) is started and hydrogen (c) produced as a result thereof is provided for the hydrogen drive (120, 130). The invention further relates to a hydrogen-driven system (100) and an emergency supply system.

Description

description

Method for the emergency supply of a hydrogen-powered system and

Hydrogen powered system with emergency supply

The invention relates to a method for emergency supply of a hydrogen-powered system with hydrogen and a hydrogen-powered system with emergency supply for hydrogen and an emergency supply system for emergency supply of a

hydrogen-powered system with hydrogen.

Due to the finite stocks of fossil fuels, the use of alternative propulsion systems is increasingly coming to the fore not just for road traffic vehicles. Among the important alternative drives include battery electric drives (and thus battery electric vehicles) and hydrogen drives, especially fuel cell drives (and thus hydrogen or

fuel cell powered vehicles). In this case, an appropriate infrastructure is needed to ensure a supply of vehicles with such drives with energy. For

Hydrogen drives can be supplied with hydrogen, for example using compressed gas storage, metal hydride storage or liquid gas storage.

For vehicles with conventional drives is a too late start a

Petrol station and a suspension of the engine for lack of fuel usually only problematic if pump parts that are basically fuel lubricated, prone to damage during dry running. This is the case, for example, in the so-called common-rail pump. A refueling or emergency refueling by a

On-site service personnel, however, is not a problem. However, with hydrogen powered or fuel cell powered vehicles this is not or not readily possible. Hydrogen-powered vehicles are at a higher risk of being left empty due to the low number of available gas stations, at least currently. The left vehicle can then be subsequently towed by a transport vehicle to a tapping point. Against this background, the task of providing a simple emergency supply of hydrogen for hydrogen-powered systems, in particular vehicles,

provide.

Disclosure of the invention

This object is achieved by a method for emergency supply of hydrogen and a system with emergency supply of hydrogen and an emergency supply system with the features of the independent claims. Preferred embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims and the following

Description.

Advantages of the invention

The present invention relates to a method for emergency supply of a

hydrogen-powered system with hydrogen, which system one

Hydrogen tank for supplying a hydrogen drive with hydrogen. The hydrogen drive may in particular comprise a fuel cell and a drive, in particular an electric motor. It is also conceivable, however, a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine.

Metal hydride in a metal hydride reservoir and water in a water reservoir are now provided in the system, and if necessary, a reaction of the

Metal hydride set in motion with the water and provided hydrogen produced for the hydrogen drive. In a preferred embodiment, the system is designed as an external emergency supply system. This

Emergency supply system can be connected to the hydrogen-powered system if required.

To initiate the reaction, for example, in a the

Metal hydride storage and the water storage connecting line provided valve can be opened. The hydrogen formed in the reaction can then preferably be supplied directly to the hydrogen drive or the

Hydrogen tank and then from there in the usual way the hydrogen drive. Preferably, the hydrogen formed in the reaction for a more efficient operation of the fuel cell can also be filtered by means of a filter and / or dried by means of a dryer or gas dryer before it is fed to the hydrogen drive. The invention makes use of the reaction of a metal hydride with water - the so-called hydrolysis - in order to generate hydrogen if necessary. In contrast to a conventional hydrogen storage in which the hydrogen is stored at pressures of up to 700 bar, but here are no such high pressures necessary. Before the reaction is started, only the metal hydride and the water have to be stored, which, especially in comparison to hydrogen tanks, does not require any major safety requirements. Even in the reaction only pressures of, for example, some bar occur, especially since the hydrogen is also taken immediately after the reaction, ie after the formation and either in the

Hydrogen drive consumed or stored in the already existing hydrogen tank. Thus, a simple type of emergency supply of hydrogen can be provided without great safety requirements.

At least one of titanium hydride, zirconium hydride,

Yttrium hydride, sodium hydride and magnesium hydride, wherein

Magnesium hydride especially for large-scale applications due to

Availability is particularly preferred. The water can conveniently be kept as distilled water, tap water or in the form of an aqueous solution. Preferably, the reaction of the metal hydride with the water is initiated only when a remaining amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen falls below a predetermined value. The amount may, for example, by the prevailing pressure in the hydrogen tank and using a

Pressure sensing means, possibly also a temperature using a

Temperature detection means to be determined. In this way, the hydrogen present in the hydrogen tank is used up first and then the

Emergency supply made. It is particularly preferred if a

Safety device is provided, through which the reaction only at

Falling below the predetermined value can be set in motion. In this way, an abuse of emergency care is prevented, such as a unwanted increase in range of a vehicle, which runs counter to the idea of emergency care. As such a safety device is in particular a mechanical or electro-mechanical valve with safe actuation in question. In the preferred embodiment in which the system is external

Emergency supply system is configured, the emergency supply system is preferably connected to the hydrogen-powered system by means of a connecting device, which in particular comprises a check valve. For this purpose, the

Connecting device, in particular as a hose with suitable

Connection means may be formed with the connection means of the

Emergency supply system. Likewise, the connecting device can then be connected to suitable connection means of the hydrogen-powered system, which then in particular have a connection to the hydrogen tank. By way of example, the check valve prevents hydrogen from escaping from the hydrogen-operated system. This can be a simple

Fueling the hydrogen-powered system even if the emergency supply system, for example, can not be brought close enough to the hydrogen-powered system.

It is particularly preferred if such an amount of metal hydride and an amount of water are provided that the reaction by an amount of

Hydrogen of between 0.2 kg and 2 kg, preferably between 0.5 kg and 1, 5 kg, can be obtained. The amounts of metal hydride and water required for this can be determined on the basis of the molar masses of the substances involved and the reaction equation. The molar mass of magnesium hydride (MgH ₂ , as an example of a metal hydride) is 26.3209 g / mol, that of water (H ₂ 0) is 18.01528 g / mol, that of atomic hydrogen (H) 1, 00794 g / mol, that of molecular hydrogen (H ₂ ) is 2.01588 g / mol and that of the

Magnesium hydroxide (Mg (OH) ₂ ) is 58.33 g / mol. The reaction equation for the reaction between magnesium hydride and water is included

MgH ₂ + 2 H ₂ O <-> Mg (OH) ₂ + 2 H ₂ and that of the subsequent reaction in, for example, a fuel cell is 2 H ₂ + 0 ₂ <-> 2 H ₂ 0. The requirement for magnesium hydride for 1 kg of hydrogen then results from the ratio of the molar masses of magnesium hydride and molecular hydrogen to about 18 kg. The need for water for 1 kg of hydrogen results from the

Ratio of molar masses of water and atomic hydrogen to about 8.9 kg. Overall, this means a volume of about 27 I for the educts water and

Magnesium hydride needed for the production of 1 kg of hydrogen. This results in a range of about 100 km. The reaction takes place in the metal hydride storage, so that there the necessary volume must be provided. It is expedient here a dead volume of between 3% and 10%, preferably between 5% and 7%. For the mentioned 27 I of water and magnesium hydride, for example, would be a volume of

Metal hydride storage of 28.5 I and thus a dead volume of about 5% appropriate.

It should be noted that the volume of any carrier material for the metal hydride must be taken into account in the volume of the metal hydride.

It is now particularly preferred to use a mobile system, in particular a vehicle, as the system, since this is where the problem of refueling or missing gas stations arises, so that an emergency supply is particularly important.

The invention further relates to a hydrogen-powered system with emergency supply for hydrogen, which has a hydrogen tank for supplying a hydrogen drive with hydrogen. The hydrogen drive can in particular a fuel cell and a drive, in particular a

Electric motor, include. It is also conceivable, however, a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the system has a metal hydride storage for metal hydride and a water storage for water. The system is now set up, if necessary, to initiate a reaction of the metal hydride with the water and thereby supply hydrogen to the hydrogen drive. For example, one in a metal hydride and the

Water valve connecting line provided valve, which is in particular mechanically or electromechanically actuated, be provided. The valve can thereby manually or automatically, then using a suitable drive unit, be actuated.

It is particularly preferred if the hydrogen-operated system is designed as a mobile system, in particular as a vehicle. It is likewise expedient if the system is set up to carry out a method according to the invention. In addition to vehicles come here especially when using the external

Emergency supply system but, for example, small applications such as drones or hydrogen bicycles in question.

Likewise, in a further embodiment variant, it is also particularly preferable to use a mobile system, in particular a vehicle, as the emergency supply system

use. Thus, a particularly simple and quick emergency supply of the fuel cell operated system is possible. Thus, for example, with an emergency supply vehicle to a left-over vehicle, which is operated with hydrogen, are driven to refuel this. In this way, it is not necessary to tow the vehicle. This emergency supply system is thus not directly connected to the hydrogen-powered system, but can be transported externally. Especially for small applications like drones or

Hydrogen bicycles save weight.

The invention further relates to an emergency supply system for emergency supply of a hydrogen-powered system with hydrogen, which hydrogen-powered system with a hydrogen tank for supplying a hydrogen drive with

Has hydrogen. The hydrogen drive can in particular a

Fuel cell and a drive, in particular an electric motor include.

It is also conceivable, however, a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine.

The emergency supply system now has a metal hydride storage for metal hydride and a water storage for water, as well as connection means for a direct and / or indirect connection of the emergency supply system with the hydrogen-powered system. Such connection means may be designed as a PTO coupling or the like, to which, for example, a hose with suitable

Connecting piece can be connected. The emergency supply system is now set up to initiate a reaction of the metal hydride with the water when present in communication with the hydrogen-powered system, thereby supplying hydrogen produced to the hydrogen-powered system. For this purpose, for example, provided in a line connecting the metal hydride and the water storage valve provided, the

in particular mechanically or electromechanically actuated, be provided. The valve can be actuated manually or automatically, then using a suitable drive unit. Preferably, the metal hydride storage are interchangeable and / or the

Water tank designed refillable. While water is very easy to replenish, replenishment of the metal hydride reservoir is not readily possible due to the reaction product remaining there after the reaction. By contrast, the emergency supply system can recover very quickly

be made ready for use. It is particularly preferred if the

Emergency supply system is designed as a mobile system, in particular as a vehicle.

The invention further relates to an arrangement with an emergency supply system according to the invention and a connecting device which is adapted to the connection means of the emergency supply system and with the

hydrogen-powered system to be connected.

It is likewise expedient, if the emergency supply system is set up, to use an inventive system when used with the hydrogen-powered system

Perform procedure.

With regard to the advantages of the hydrogen-powered system according to the invention and advantageous embodiments, reference is made to the above statements on the method to avoid repetition, which apply here accordingly.

The invention is illustrated schematically by means of embodiments in the drawing and will be described below with reference to the drawing. Short description of the drawing Figure 1 shows schematically a hydrogen-powered system according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, which is suitable for carrying out a

inventive method is suitable.

Figure 2 shows schematically as a particular embodiment of an inventive

Emergency supply system which is suitable for carrying out a method according to the invention. Detailed description of the drawing

1 shows a hydrogen-powered system 100 according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, for example a fuel cell vehicle, with which a method according to the invention can be carried out. The system 100 in this case has a hydrogen tank 1 10 for hydrogen. On the

Hydrogen tank 1 10, in which hydrogen d can be stored for regular operation of the system 100, hydrogen can be supplied to a fuel cell 120, by means of which a drive 130, for example an electric motor, can be operated, for example to move the vehicle. The fuel cell 120 and the drive 130 form a hydrogen drive. The fuel cell 120 converts the hydrogen here with oxygen into electrical energy and water.

By the consumption of hydrogen d from the hydrogen tank 1 10 inevitably drops the pressure in the hydrogen tank 1 10. The pressure and the temperature are here by means of a pressure sensing means 1 1 1, for example one

Pressure sensor, and a temperature detecting means 1 12, for example, a temperature sensor, detected, thus taking into account the volume of the

Hydrogen tan ks 1 10 a remaining in the hydrogen tank 1 10 amount of hydrogen can be determined. In this way, for example, a remaining range of a vehicle can be calculated.

If the quantity drops below a certain value and thus the pressure is so great that the fuel cell 120 can no longer be supplied with hydrogen accordingly, the system comes to a standstill, for example the vehicle stops. Such a value is here for the purpose of illustration with the proportion d 'on the total volume of the hydrogen tank 1 10 shown. It is understood that the hydrogen nevertheless spreads over the entire hydrogen tank.

These components described herein can be part of a common

be fuel cell operated system and are designated here by the reference numeral 101.

This system 101 is now extended by the components or an emergency supply system 102. For this purpose, a metal hydride storage 140 and a water storage 150 are provided in the fuel cell operated system 100, which are connected via a connecting line with a valve 151, in particular a switchable valve. The metal hydride 140 is also connected via a further valve 141, for example a check valve, and optionally a filter 142 and a dryer 143 to the hydrogen tank 1 10.

Now, if the hydrogen tank 1 10 is empty or at least almost empty and in particular no gas station is in sight, now, for example, the valve 151 can be opened so that water a, which is located in the water reservoir 150, in the metal hydride 140, in which Metal hydride b is located, can flow. In the metal hydride storage 140, the reaction between the metal hydride and

Water that releases hydrogen. This hydrogen can then be passed via the valve 141, the filter 142 and the dryer 143 in the hydrogen tank 1 10, as shown with the current c. In this way, hydrogen is again available for the fuel cell 120 and the drive can be operated by means of the fuel cell 120. In order to provide the supply of hydrogen, which arises from the reaction of metal hydride with water, only in an emergency, a safety device 145 can be provided, by which it is achieved that the valve 151 can be opened, for example, only if the Amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen tank 1 10 falls below a certain value or has fallen. This value may be, for example, the above-mentioned value d ', at the time when it is reached or not reached, sufficient supply of the fuel cell 120 with hydrogen is no longer possible. The safety device 145 can for this purpose, for example, as an electromagnetic or electromechanical actuator for the valve 151, the so

electromechanical valve, be formed. Also conceivable is a mechanical valve that can only be actuated under certain conditions.

FIG. 2 shows an emergency supply system 200 according to the invention in a preferred embodiment, for example a vehicle, with which a method according to the invention can be carried out together with the likewise hydrogen-operated system 101, for example likewise a vehicle.

The hydrogen-powered system 101 in this case has a hydrogen tank 1 10 for hydrogen. Hydrogen can be supplied to a fuel cell 120 via the hydrogen tank 110, in which hydrogen d can be stored for regular operation of the fuel cell operated system 100, by means of which a drive 130, for example an electric motor, can be operated, for example to move the vehicle , The fuel cell 120 and the drive 130 form a hydrogen drive. The fuel cell 120 converts the hydrogen here with oxygen into electrical energy and water. In comparison to the system 101 shown in FIG. 1, a connection means 15 is additionally shown here.

The hydrogen tank 1 10 is connected to this connection means 1 15, for example a

Zapfkupplung, connected, about which a filling of the hydrogen tank is possible.

The external emergency supply system 200 shown here now has a

Metallhydridspeicher 240 and a water storage 250 on which a

Connecting line with a valve 251, in particular a switchable valve, are connected. The metal hydride storage 240 is also connected via a further valve 241, for example a check valve, and possibly a filter 242 and a dryer 243 to a connection means 247, for example a dispensing coupling. This corresponds to the emergency supply system 102 illustrated in FIG. 1, apart from the connection means 247.

In order to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell powered system 101, the emergency supply system 200 may be connected to the fuel cell powered system 101. This can be done directly by a connection of the connection means 1 15 and 247, but preferably using a Connecting device 300. This may be, for example, a hose 310, at the two ends of each of which a connection means 320 or 321 is provided, preferably in each case a dispensing coupling. In addition, a can

Check valve 322 may be provided. In this way, not only is a simpler and safer connection of the fuel cell powered system 100 to the

Emergency supply system 200 possible, but also a connection over a longer distance.

If such a connection is made, for example, the valve 251 can now be opened, for example using an actuating element 245, so that water a, which is located in the water reservoir 250, in the

Metal hydride storage 240, in which metal hydride b is located, can flow. In the metal hydride storage 240, the reaction between the metal hydride and water is then initiated, in which hydrogen is released. This hydrogen can then via the valve 241, the filter 242, the dryer 243 and the

Connecting device 300 are guided into the hydrogen tank 1 10, as shown with the current c.

In this way, hydrogen is again available for the fuel cell 120 and the drive can be operated by means of the fuel cell 120. It is expedient to fill hydrogen in the hydrogen tank 1 10 only in this way if the amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen tank 1 10 has fallen below a certain value. This value may be, for example, the above-mentioned value d ', at the time when it is reached or not reached, sufficient supply of the fuel cell 120 with hydrogen is no longer possible. Then a filling due to the low pressure in the hydrogen tank 1 10 is very easy.

In this way, therefore, it is very easy to achieve an emergency supply of hydrogen, in particular an emergency refueling of a fuel cell-powered vehicle that has been left standing. Since the vehicle can then be driven again - at least for a certain distance - it does not have to be towed.

Claims

claims

1 . Method for the emergency supply of a hydrogen - powered system (100) with hydrogen (c), which system (100) comprises a hydrogen tank (1 10) for

Supplying hydrogen (d) to a hydrogen drive (120, 130), wherein in the system (100) metal hydride (b) is provided in a metal hydride reservoir (140) and water (a) in a water reservoir (150), and

if necessary, initiating a reaction of the metal hydride (b) with the water (a) and thereby providing hydrogen (c) for the hydrogen drive (120, 130).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the resulting hydrogen in the reaction (c) directly to the hydrogen drive (120, 130) or the hydrogen tank (1 10) is supplied.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reaction of the metal hydride (b) with the water (a) is started only when a remaining amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen (1 10) has a predetermined value (d '). below.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein a safety device (145) is provided, through which the reaction can be started only when the predetermined value (d ') is exceeded.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reaction is initiated by a in the metal hydride storage (140) and the

Water storage (150) connecting line provided valve (151) is opened.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hydrogen produced in the reaction (c) by means of a filter (142) is filtered and / or dried by means of a dryer (143) before it is fed to the hydrogen drive (120, 130).

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein as the metal hydride (b) at least one of titanium hydride, zirconium hydride, yttrium hydride, sodium hydride and magnesium hydride is used.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein such an amount of metal hydride (b) and an amount of water (a) are provided that by the reaction, an amount of hydrogen (c) of between 0.2 kg and 2 kg , preferably between 0.5 kg and 1.5 kg, can be obtained.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a

Metal hydride (240) and water (a) are provided in a water reservoir (250) in an external emergency supply system (200) and wherein the emergency supply system (200) is connected to the system (101) only when necessary.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the emergency supply system (200) with the

System (101) by means of a connecting device (300), which in particular comprises a check valve (322) is connected.

1 1. Hydrogen-operated system (100) with emergency supply of hydrogen (c), with a hydrogen tank (1 10) for supplying a hydrogen drive (120, 130) with hydrogen (d),

further comprising a metal hydride reservoir (140) for metal hydride (b) and a water reservoir (150) for water (a),

the system (100) being arranged to respond, if necessary, to a response of the

Metal hydride (b) with the water (a) in motion and the resulting hydrogen (c) to the hydrogen drive (120, 130) to supply.

12. Hydrogen-operated system (100) according to claim 1 1, which is designed as a mobile system, in particular as a vehicle.

13. A hydrogen powered system (100) according to claim 11 or 12, further thereto

is set up to carry out a method according to one of claims 1 to 10.

14. Emergency supply system (200) for emergency supply of a hydrogen-powered system (100) with hydrogen (c), which hydrogen-powered system (101) a hydrogen tank (1 10) for supplying a hydrogen drive (120, 130) with hydrogen (d),

with a metal hydride reservoir (240) for metal hydride (b) and a

Water storage tank (250) for water (a), and

with connection means (247) for a direct and / or indirect connection of the

An emergency supply system (200) having the hydrogen powered system (100), wherein the emergency supply system (200) is adapted to initiate a reaction of the metal hydride (b) with the water (a) when in communication with the hydrogen powered system (100) and thereby supplying hydrogen (c) to the hydrogen-powered system (101).

15. emergency supply system (200) according to claim 9, wherein the metal hydride storage (240) interchangeable and / or the water reservoir (250) are formed refillable.