WO2019017998A1

WO2019017998A1 - Enablement of 6 gigahertz band for wireless communications

Info

Publication number: WO2019017998A1
Application number: PCT/US2017/068548
Authority: WO
Inventors: Thomas J. Kenney; Robert Stacey; Shahrnaz Azizi; Laurent Cariou; Xiaogang Chen; Feng Jiang; Huaning Niu
Original assignee: Intel IP Corporation
Priority date: 2017-07-21
Filing date: 2017-12-27
Publication date: 2019-01-24

Abstract

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to enablement of a 6 gigahertz (GHz) band. A device may determine one or more measurements of the signal. The device may cause to send the one or more measurements to the registry device. The device may cause to send an access request to access a channel within a frequency band associated with the incumbent device. The device may identify and access a response based on the one or more measurements.

Description

ENABLEMENT OF 6 GIGAHERTZ BAND FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/535,668, filed July 21, 2017, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference as if set forth in full.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] This disclosure generally relates to systems, methods, and devices for wireless communications and, more particularly, enablement of a 6 gigahertz (GHz) band for wireless communications.

BACKGROUND

[0003] Wireless devices are becoming widely prevalent and are increasingly requesting access to wireless channels. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is developing one or more standards that utilize Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in channel allocation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] FIG. 1 depicts a diagram illustrating an example network environment of an illustrative 6 gigahertz (GHz) band enablement system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0005] FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for a 6 GHz band enablement system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0006] FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for a 6 GHz band enablement system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0007] FIG. 4A depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) frequency domain mapping in IEEE 802.1 lax, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0008] FIG. 4B depicts an illustrative schematic diagram for a 6 GHz band enablement system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0009] FIG. 5A depicts a flow diagram of an illustrative process for a 6 GHz band enablement system, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. [0010] FIG. 5B illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process for a 6 GHz band enablement system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0011] FIG. 6 depicts a functional diagram of an example communication station, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 7 depicts a block diagram of an example machine upon which any of one or more techniques (e.g., methods) may be performed, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] Example embodiments described herein provide certain systems, methods, and devices for a 6 GHz band enablement system.

[0014] The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in, or substituted for, those of other embodiments. Embodiments set forth in the claims encompass all available equivalents of those claims.

[0015 ] For the next generation of Wi-Fi to expand beyond current deployments will require additional bandwidth. In anticipation of such requirements, there have been ongoing efforts within the regulatory domain to open additional spectrum for unlicensed use.

[0016] This disclosure focuses on mechanisms that would enable the use of Wi-Fi within the 6 GHz band, which may also be referred to as the 6-7 GHz band. The 6-7 GHz band covers a range of frequencies for upper 5 GHz frequencies to upper 6 GHz frequencies (around 5.925 GHz to 7.125 GHz). This is an attractive band for the evolution of Wi-Fi since the design challenges are similar to that of the 5 GHz band. Thus, from a hardware design and link budget perspective, the lessons learned in the deployment of the 5 GHz band can be widely leveraged.

[0017] Unfortunately, with these advantages, the band does also present some serious challenges to enable use. Specifically, for the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to relinquish use of this band for unlicensed operation, it must address all incumbents operating within the band currently. Incumbents include various entities, such as point-to-point services, backhaul services, government, satellite links, emergency, medical or other operations that are licensed in 6 GHz band.

[0018] Discussions have been ongoing on how this could be done. Potential solutions include excluding part of the band (maybe a large part), moving incumbents off the band, or having very limited use in select areas. Aside from moving the incumbents off the band, which is an option that was decided to be removed as a solution, none of the approaches lead to a wide deployment of Wi-Fi with high spectral utilization. Furthermore, it could require entire Wi-Fi networks to be moved off channels depending on activity. This complicates the network architecture and affects all devices in performance and power savings. The main remaining issue resides with satellite users in this band. Those incumbents have concerns about the background radiation (noise) that terrestrial Wi-Fi systems would cause to their receivers while operating on the 6 GHz band. Additionally there is concern about the interference caused to terrestrial satellite receivers. The studies on this subject have shown that some interference can be tolerated. Unfortunately, using the typical Wi-Fi deployments such as those existing today would sufficiently degrade the performance to potentially render satellite operation on the 6 GHz band as useless.

[0019] In addition to concerns about the satellite receivers, there are terrestrial fixed services, which may be point-to-point (P2P) links to fixed services (FS) that are also present in this 6 GHz band. These P2P links are bi-directional and are allocated two channels with a specific bandwidth, one for downlink and one for uplink.

[0020] A key difference between the 6 GHz band and the legacy Wi-Fi systems is the incumbent service in 6 GHz, which causes narrow or wide band notching in this band. The current IEEE 802.1 lax that operates in the 2.4 GHz/5 GHz band did not consider such notching in the standard development. Some modifications are necessary for Wi-Fi to smoothly migrate to the 6 GHz band.

[0021] Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems, methods, and devices for 6 GHz band enablement.

[0022] The 6 GHz band is the next main focus area for Wi-Fi evolution. This may be the evolution from Wi-Fi. Currently the 6 GHz band has major technical hurdles to overcome in order to justify to the FCC and incumbents that this spectrum should be designated as unlicensed. The use of this band brings new challenges like coexisting with incumbents (e.g., satellites, fixed services, etc.).

[0023] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may outline several features that could be used individually, but would provide the most advantages if all are utilized.

[0024] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may utilize a central database or registry. In essence, the registry may be a gatekeeper to access of a Wi-Fi network on the spectrum. The Wi-Fi network would be responsible for attaining key elements of the network, which would be provided in the registry. The registry owner would then allow access, or not, and could have control over the density of that network. The issue is that the location, waveform and other information of the satellite systems are not known. Thus, this design provides sufficient information to the registry about the Wi-Fi network to allow the registry owner to determine acceptable interference levels before allowing an access point (AP) and its associated stations (STAs) to access the spectrum.

[0025] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate that the registry owner would collect information from all APs wanting to utilize the spectrum. The registry then would use the metrics outlined here, either all or a subset, with any additional elements deemed necessary, to determine whether to allow access to all APs or a subset of the APs.

[0026] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may utilize a relative signal strength of a satellite signal that may be received at the AP. Having a measure of the signal strength of the satellite signal gives incumbents a method to determine the amount of interference the Wi-Fi devices will cause the satellite signal. The satellite receivers are typically equipped with very high gain receive antennas in order to detect the extremely long range transmissions. Thus, having knowledge of whether a Wi-Fi network is located in an area where the satellite signal is greatly attenuated would greatly improve the utilization of the band by Wi-Fi devices. Unfortunately, there has not been a method to determine the relative signal strength of the satellite signal.

[0027] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate that a Wi-Fi device could monitor the channel, trying to detect energy, but without any knowledge of the satellite signal or its operational power. This approach would be difficult to implement mainly because Wi-Fi operates with a fairly high energy detection level for carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA).

[0028] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may use global positioning system (GPS) signals as a relative signal strength measurement.

[0029] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may utilize a location database associated with the registry. This database may be a resource utilized by the registry to determine interference to any nearby satellite receivers.

[0030] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may enable Wi-Fi operation on the channels occupied by fixed service (FS) incumbent links, by defining ways to measure the interference that it would generate on the link and ensure that this interference is below a specific threshold. [0031] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may define an enablement procedure for an AP on a channel that is occupied by an FS link incumbent. For example, the 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate interactions between an AP and a central database or registry to collect: (1) information about the center frequency, bandwidth and transmit power for the channels used by active FS incumbents at a specific location, where for each FS link, the information describes both uplink and downlink channels. It should be noted that the FS link can have a bandwidth that occupies several (and fractional) Wi-Fi channels; and (2) information about the constraints that the AP has to respect in order to be granted access to these channels. In one embodiment, the constraint for a particular channel used by an FS incumbent is a threshold defining the maximum received signal power that can be allowed to be received by this AP or its basic service set (BSS) at the receiving antenna of the receiver of the FS link.

[0032] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate measurements done by the AP on the downlink (or uplink) channel used by the FS link, in order to measure the path loss between the AP and the transmitter of the downlink (or uplink) channel. Since the transmitter of the downlink (or uplink) channel is collocated with the receiver of the uplink (or downlink) channel, the path loss may be considered the same. If that is not the case, the registry may provide a path loss margin that could be used to calibrate the path loss. The AP may calculate the power that it shall not exceed when transmitting on the uplink (or downlink) channel. If that transmit power is too low, the AP may not use this channel.

[0033] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may enable the STAs associated with the AP to have access to the FS incumbent channel based on the granted access of the AP. For example, if the AP is allowed access to the band, its associated STA can be allowed as well, assuming that they follow the same transmit power constraints. In this case, it is assumed that if the AP does not create interference to the FS link, its STA will not create interference as well. The AP therefore simply sends enabling signals to the STAs with such information.

[0034] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate a more precise enablement with ways for the AP to allow its STAs to use the FS incumbent channel if they also meet the conditions/constraints that the AP meets. Specifically, the AP may request measurements from the STAs. The AP may grant or forbid access to parts of the spectrum based on a precise calculation of the interference that each STA generates on the FS link (following the same calculations used by the AP). [0035] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate a mechanism for the registry to request an AP or an STA that is operating at 6 GHz on a specific channel to stop any operation on that 6 GHz channel, or to modify its operation, such as lowering its transmit power. This provides a mechanism to stop an operating Wi-Fi network if that network is causing high interference on incumbent devices.

[0036] In one embodiment, a high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) frequency domain mapping may only use the available 20 MHz channels but not the notched 20 MHz channels. In one embodiment, a bit map may be used for the notching reserve unit indication.

[0037] The above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting. Numerous other examples, configurations, processes, etc., may exist, some of which are described in detail below. Example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures.

[0038] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example network environment, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure. Wireless network 100 may include one or more user devices 120 and one or more access point(s) (AP) 102, which may communicate in accordance with IEEE 802.11 communication standards, including IEEE 802.1 lax. The user device(s) 120 may be mobile devices that are non-stationary (e.g., not having fixed locations) or may be stationary devices.

[0039] In some embodiments, the user devices 120 and the AP 102 may include one or more computer systems similar to that of the functional diagram of FIG. 6 and/or the example machine/system of FIG. 7.

[0040] One or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be operable by one or more user(s) 110. It should be noted that any addressable unit may be a station (STA). An STA may take on multiple distinct characteristics, each of which shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit might simultaneously be a portable STA, a quality-of- service (QoS) STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA. The one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and the AP(s) 102 may be STAs. The one or more illustrative user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may operate as a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point/access point (PCP/AP). The user device(s) 120 (e.g., 124, 126, or 128) and/or AP(s) 102 may include any suitable processor-driven device including, but not limited to, a mobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device. For example, user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may include, a user equipment (UE), a station (STA), an access point (AP), a software enabled AP (SoftAP), a personal computer (PC), a wearable wireless device (e.g., bracelet, watch, glasses, ring, etc.), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a "carry small live large" (CSLL) device, an ultra mobile device (UMD), an ultra mobile PC (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an "origami" device or computing device, a device that supports dynamically composable computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, a set-top-box (STB), a blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a digital video disc (DVD) player, a high definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a personal video recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a personal media player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a digital still camera (DSC), a media player, a smartphone, a television, a music player, or the like. Other devices, including smart devices such as lamps, climate control, car components, household components, appliances, etc., may also be included in this list.

[0041] As used herein, the term "Internet of Things (IoT) device" is used to refer to any object (e.g., an appliance, a sensor, etc.) that has an addressable interface (e.g., an Internet protocol (IP) address, a Bluetooth identifier (ID), a near-field communication (NFC) ID, etc.) and can transmit information to one or more other devices over a wired or wireless connection. An IoT device may have a passive communication interface, such as a quick response (QR) code, a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, an NFC tag, or the like, or an active communication interface, such as a modem, a transceiver, a transmitter-receiver, or the like. An IoT device can have a particular set of attributes (e.g., a device state or status, such as whether the IoT device is on or off, open or closed, idle or active, available for task execution or busy, and so on, a cooling or heating function, an environmental monitoring or recording function, a light-emitting function, a sound-emitting function, etc.) that can be embedded in and/or controlled/monitored by a central processing unit (CPU), microprocessor, ASIC, or the like, and configured for connection to an IoT network such as a local ad-hoc network or the Internet. For example, IoT devices may include, but are not limited to, refrigerators, toasters, ovens, microwaves, freezers, dishwashers, dishes, hand tools, clothes washers, clothes dryers, furnaces, air conditioners, thermostats, televisions, light fixtures, vacuum cleaners, sprinklers, electricity meters, gas meters, etc., so long as the devices are equipped with an addressable communications interface for communicating with the IoT network. IoT devices may also include cell phones, desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), etc. Accordingly, the IoT network may be comprised of a combination of "legacy" Internet-accessible devices (e.g., laptop or desktop computers, cell phones, etc.) in addition to devices that do not typically have Internet-connectivity (e.g., dishwashers, etc.).

[0042] The user device(s) 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may also include mesh stations in, for example, a mesh network, in accordance with one or more IEEE 802.11 standards and/or 3GPP standards.

[0043] Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to communicate with each other via one or more communications networks 130 and/or 135 wirelessly or wired. The user device(s) 120 may also communicate peer-to-peer or directly with each other with or without the AP(s) 102. Any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include, but not limited to, any one of a combination of different types of suitable communications networks such as, for example, broadcasting networks, cable networks, public networks (e.g., the Internet), private networks, wireless networks, cellular networks, or any other suitable private and/or public networks. Further, any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may have any suitable communication range associated therewith and may include, for example, global networks (e.g., the Internet), metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), or personal area networks (PANs). In addition, any of the communications networks 130 and/or 135 may include any type of medium over which network traffic may be carried including, but not limited to, coaxial cable, twisted-pair wire, optical fiber, a hybrid fiber coaxial (HFC) medium, microwave terrestrial transceivers, radio frequency communication mediums, white space communication mediums, ultra-high frequency communication mediums, satellite communication mediums, or any combination thereof.

[0044] Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128) and AP(s) 102 may include one or more communications antennas. The one or more communications antennas may be any suitable type of antennas corresponding to the communications protocols used by the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126 and 128), and AP(s) 102. Some non-limiting examples of suitable communications antennas include Wi-Fi antennas, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards compatible antennas, directional antennas, non-directional antennas, dipole antennas, folded dipole antennas, patch antennas, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas, omnidirectional antennas, quasi- omnidirectional antennas, or the like. The one or more communications antennas may be communicatively coupled to a radio component to transmit and/or receive signals, such as communications signals to and/or from the user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102.

[0045] Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform directional transmission and/or directional reception in conjunction with wirelessly communicating in a wireless network. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform such directional transmission and/or reception using a set of multiple antenna arrays (e.g., DMG antenna arrays or the like). Each of the multiple antenna arrays may be used for transmission and/or reception in a particular respective direction or range of directions. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional transmission towards one or more defined transmit sectors. Any of the user device(s) 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may be configured to perform any given directional reception from one or more defined receive sectors.

[0046] MIMO beamforming in a wireless network may be accomplished using RF beamforming and/or digital beamforming. In some embodiments, in performing a given MIMO transmission, user devices 120 and/or AP(s) 102 may be configured to use all or a subset of its one or more communications antennas to perform MIMO beamforming.

[0047] Any of the user devices 120 (e.g., user devices 124, 126, 128), and AP(s) 102 may include any suitable radio and/or transceiver for transmitting and/or receiving radio frequency (RF) signals in the bandwidth and/or channels corresponding to the communications protocols utilized by any of the user device(s) 120 and AP(s) 102 to communicate with each other. The radio components may include hardware and/or software to modulate and/or demodulate communications signals according to pre-established transmission protocols. The radio components may further have hardware and/or software instructions to communicate via one or more Wi-Fi and/or Wi-Fi direct protocols, as standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards.

[0048] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing. Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Alliance (WFA) Specifications, including Wi-Fi Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) Technical Specification (e.g., NAN and NAN2) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WFA Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing Wireless-Gigabit-Alliance (WGA) specifications (Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc. WiGig MAC and PHY Specification) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards and/or amendments (e.g., 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11η, 802.1 lac, 802.1 lax, 802.1 lad, 802. Hay, 802.1 laz, etc.).

[0049] In certain example embodiments, the radio component, in cooperation with the communications antennas, may be configured to communicate via 2.4 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11b, 802. l lg, 802.11η, 802.1 lax), 5 GHz channels (e.g., 802.11η, 802.1 lac, 802.1 lax), or 60 GHz channels (e.g., 802. Had). In some embodiments, non- Wi-Fi protocols may be used for communications between devices, such as Bluetooth, dedicated short-range communication (DSRC), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) (e.g., IEEE 802.11af, IEEE 802.22), white band frequency (e.g., white spaces), or other packetized radio communications. The radio component may include any known receiver and baseband suitable for communicating via the communications protocols. The radio component may further include a low noise amplifier (LNA), additional signal amplifiers, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, one or more buffers, and digital baseband.

[0050] In one embodiment, and with reference to FIG. 1, the AP 102 may communicate with one or more user devices 120 using OFDMA. For example, the AP 102 and the one or more user devices 120 may communicate using a 6 GHz channel in time and frequency domain.

[0051] For Wi-Fi to expand beyond current deployments requires additional bandwidth. As mentioned, there have been ongoing efforts within the regulatory domain to open additional spectrum for unlicensed use. This has brought a great deal of attention to the 6 GHz band for Wi-Fi use (unlicensed) since the design challenges are similar to that of the 5 GHz band, and the lessons learned in the 5 GHz band can be leveraged. The 6 GHz band does have a few major technical hurdles to overcome to justify unlicensed use for the FCC (and incumbents within that band). Thus far, none of the approaches results in a wide deployment of Wi-Fi with high spectral utilization in all of the bands. As discussed, the incumbents have shown that background radiation (noise) caused by terrestrial Wi-Fi systems would cause degradation to their receivers. Methods to enable ubiquitous use of Wi-Fi devices in the 6 GHz band are outlined below.

[0052] In one or more embodiments, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate a few key elements of the approach. First, is a registry system for Wi-Fi APs to use, and next is satellite signal measurement to allow the Wi-Fi AP to ascertain the effective interference within a region. As pointed out above, such a mechanism has not been available previously. Finally, there are some supporting features that further provide protection for these incumbents, making it more palatable to share the spectrum. These features could be used individually to provide reasonable protection, but would provide the most advantages if all of the elements are utilized. These solutions resolve the concerns for both the satellite receivers and the terrestrial receivers.

[0053] In one or more embodiments, a 6 GHz band enablement system may enable the associated STAs access to the fixed service (FS) incumbent channel based on the granted access of the AP. In a simple mode, if the AP is allowed access to the band, its associated station devices (STAs) can be allowed as well, assuming that they follow the same transmit power constraints. The AP therefore simply sends enabling signals to the STAs with such information. In a second mode, a more precise enablement facilitates ways for the AP to allow its STAs to use the FS incumbent channel if they also meet the conditions/constraints that the AP meets. Specifically, the AP may request measurements from the STAs that it services. The AP may grant or forbid access to parts of the spectrum based on a precise calculation of the interference that each STA generates on the FS link.

[0054] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may enable the STAs associated with the AP to have access to the FS incumbent channel based on the granted access of the AP. For example, if the AP is allowed access to the band, its associated STA can be allowed as well, assuming that they follow the same transmit power constraints. In this case, it is assumed that if the AP does not create interference to the FS link, its STA will not create interference as well. The AP therefore simply sends enabling signals to the STAs with such information.

[0055] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate a more precise enablement with ways for the AP to allow its STAs to use the FS incumbent channel if they also meet the conditions/constraints that the AP meets. Specifically, the AP may request measurements from the STAs. The AP may grant or forbid access to parts of the spectrum based on a precise calculation of the interference that each STA generates on the FS link (following the same calculations used by the AP).

[0056] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate a mechanism for the registry to request an AP or an STA that is operating at 6 GHz on a specific channel to stop any operation on that 6 GHz channel, or to modify its operation, such as lowering its transmit power. This provides a mechanism to stop an operating Wi-Fi network if that network is causing high interference on incumbent devices. [0057] In one embodiment, a high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) frequency domain mapping may only use the available 20 MHz channels but not the notched 20 MHz channels. In one embodiment, a bitmap may be used for the notching resource unit indication.

[0058] It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.

[0059] FIG. 2 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 200 for 6 GHz band enablement, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0060] Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown an AP 202 that may be servicing a user device 224 and a user device 222. There is also shown a registry owner (RO) device 230. The AP 202 may be connected to the RO device 230 in order to take measurements associated with the AP 202 and its devices before accessing a 6 GHz band. The RO device 230 may grant or deny access to the 6 GHz band based on the measurements. Further, there may be an incumbent device (e.g., satellite 210), with its receiver (e.g., satellite receiver 212).

[0061] Previously, the use of a band where incumbents resided (such as parts of the 5 GHz band) required the AP to detect the signal and, if it detected a potential incumbent device, it had to exit the channel and remain off for a substantial time before scanning again (approximately half an hour). Thus, even if the AP incorrectly detected the signal, it would have to avoid the channel. Thus in various areas/scenarios, part of the band cannot be utilized. In the 6 GHz case this is further complicated, since the signal coming from the incumbent device is not known, thus detection is not possible. The issue is that the background radiation that is created by the Wi-Fi devices raises the noise floor of the incumbent receivers (both satellite and terrestrial). Without a mechanism, Wi-Fi devices would not be able to use parts of the 6 GHz band. Thus, this creates a new and unique challenge.

[0062] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may include the establishment of a registry system. The basic concept is that the registry will be a gatekeeper to grant or deny access to the portion of the 6 GHz band where these incumbent devices reside (e.g., satellite 210 and satellite receiver 212). Other parts of the 6 GHz band do not require the use of the registry. If the AP 202 would like to use an incumbent band (IB) (e.g., 6 GHz band), it would have to contact the RO device 230 and provide information related to the network that the AP 202 will be establishing. Once the RO device 230 verifies the AP's parameters, it will either grant access immediately, or provide a time where the AP 202 could again request access. The RO device 230 may only be utilizing the band for part of the time, or could have other reasons to relinquish the band for a duration of time.

[0063] Furthermore, once the AP 202 has been provided access, it must periodically contact the RO device 230 to determine if it can still use the band. It is envisioned that the AP 202 will not only check in to let the RO device 230 know if it is using the band, but it could also provide updated parameters to the RO device 230 periodically. This allows the RO device 230 to make decisions about use of the band by the AP 202 and also about whether it can provide access to other APs in that region. The RO device 230 would determine how many APs would be allowed access either by region, by power or some other metric.

[0064] In one embodiment, the AP and any user devices connected to it (e.g., user device 222 and user device 224) may provide the RO device 230 with an estimate of interference the AP (and the devices connected to it) would cause the satellite receiver 212. Other information that may be provided is the location of the AP 202 and the locations of the user devices 222 and 224. Since the incumbents in the band are satellite systems (e.g., satellite 210) that have a satellite receiver 212 at a fixed location, having knowledge of whether the AP 202 is located indoors, or its operation results in negligible interference power as seen by the satellite receiver 212, would be highly valuable. To date, there has not been a clear method to determine whether an AP, or any of its connected devices, are located indoors or would affect a satellite receiver.

[0065] In one or more embodiments, an approach may be that the AP 202 would be required to provide GPS information to the RO device 230. This may allow both elements to be provided to the RO device 230. The GPS reception will obviously provide a location of the AP 202 to the RO device 230. This location may allow the RO device 230 to provide access to any Wi-Fi network that is outside of the capture area of the satellite receiver 212. For example, the AP 202 may receive a GPS signal 211 from the satellite 210, the user device 222 may receive GPS signal 213, because it may be outside a building. However, the user device 224 may not receive a GPS signal from the satellite 210 because the user device 224 is indoors. That information may be sent to the RO device 230. For example, the RO device 230 may determine that the user device 224 is inside and the user device 222 is outdoors. In this example, the RO device 230 may determine that the user device 224 is outside the capture area of the satellite receiver 212 and that the user device 222 is inside the capture area of the satellite receiver 212. Therefore, the RO device 230 may allow access to the user device 224 but deny access to the user device 222. Typically, there are always more than one satellite in view for GPS (usually more than 3). Therefore, the device could send various types of information, for example, relative signal strength and number of satellites. Thus, if the device can receive only one GPS, this may indicate that the device is likely indoor.

[0066] The satellite receivers utilize narrow beam receive antennas. Thus if the AP 202 is outside this region, the RO device 230 may allow the network to utilize the 6 GHz band. The next aspect is that it gives the RO device 230 an indication of how much interference the AP 202, the user device 222, and the user device 224 would cause the satellite receiver 212. Since the AP 202 is receiving the GPS signal 211 from the satellite 210, and the RO device 230 knows the relative gain to reach any incumbent satellite, the GPS signals can used to provide a reliable measurement of interference. Additionally, if the AP 202 is indoors, it likely will not create any issue for the incumbent receivers (e.g., satellite receiver 212) since the signals are greatly attenuated moving indoors. Changes in power of this magnitude have greater impact since the transmission range of the satellite telemetry is very large. Therefore, an AP operating indoors will, in many cases, have a transmit power that may not cause any degradation to the incumbent receivers.

[0067] Thus, as an embodiment, the AP may identify all satellites it is able to identify, along with a received signal strength indication (RSSI) or some measurement of the signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) for each of the satellites. It should provide this information along with the location of the AP 202 to the RO device 230. In one embodiment, the AP 202 may collect the same information from all the user devices (e.g., user device 222 and user device 224) that are associated with the AP 202, once the AP 202 is granted access by the RO device 230. For example, the AP 202 may collect an aggregate RSSI or some measurement of the SNR of all the devices (e.g., the satellite 210, and/or the user devices to 222 and 224), then report that information to the RO device 230. In another example, the AP 202 may collect RSSI or some measurement of the SNR on a user device basis. For example, the AP 202 may determine the number of devices (e.g., user devices 222 and 224) that are associated with it, the location of these devices, and the respective RSSI or other measurements on a per device basis. This would allow the AP 202, and also the RO device 230, to determine if the devices connecting to the AP are outside, or for some reason are detecting the GPS signals at higher power, thus indicating that they may be more likely to cause interference to the incumbent receivers.

[0068] In one embodiment, an AP and its associated devices may demodulate each received GPS signal received from a satellite and determine each RSSI (and/or SNR) measurement associated with each received GPS signal. For example, the AP 202 may receive a demodulated GPS signal 211, and the user device 222 may receive a demodulated GPS signal 213. The AP 202 and the user device 222 may then determine measurements (e.g., RSSI, SNR, etc.) associated with the demodulated GPS signals received at the AP 202 and the user device 222. The AP 202 would then be responsible for reporting those measurements to the RO device 230. If the AP 202 and its devices do not see GPS signals, then interference would be negligible, and the RO device 230 may grant the AP access to the 6 GHz band. If the AP and/or its associated devices are outside, then the AP 202 and the devices may be able to see GPS signals. Each associated device may perform measurements associated with received GPS signals and pass those measurements to the AP 202. For example, user device 222 may receive GPS signal to 213 and perform measurements associated with that GPS signal. The user device 222 may then send that information to the AP 202. The AP 202 may send aggregate measurements of all data received from all of its associated devices or may send individual measurements of each associated device. The AP 202 may even determine the highest measurement of an associated device and share that information with the RO device 230. For example, FIG. 2 shows the user device 222 as an outside device. The user device 222 may have the highest RSSI measurement of the GPS signal 213 received from the satellite 210. The AP 202 may receive that measurement and may also determine that the user device 224 does not have any GPS signal received since it is an indoor device. The AP 202 may then relay that information to the RO device 230. The RO device 230 may then decide to deny access to the device with highest measurement. For example, the RO device 230 may determine to deny access to the user device 222 but may notify the AP 202 to allow access for the user device 224 on the 6 GHz band. The AP 202 may send the aggregate RSSI measurement in addition to the highest RSSI measurement from a certain associated device. This way, the RO device 230 may be able to determine whether to permit the AP 202 and its associated devices to access the 6 GHz band. In another example, the RO device 230 may determine to only permit a subset of the devices associated with the AP 202 to access the 6 GHz band and deny access to another subset of devices associated with the AP 202 because the RSSI measurements of these devices fall higher than a threshold that the RO device 230 determines would cause interference with the satellite signals on the 6 GHz band.

[0069] In one embodiment, the RO device 230 may request a maximum transmit power of the AP 202 and its associated devices. Or the RO device 230 may request that the AP 202 compute an average power that is occurring within the AP's network. The AP 202 likely has the highest transmit power, which is likely sufficient to report and control, but the process is not limited to just the AP. For example, the AP 202 may determine its average transmit power and may request the average transmit power of the user device 222 and the user device 224. The AP 202 may then send that information to the RO device 230. Also, another example is a case where an AP triggers transmissions from multiple STAs (for example, in a multiuser or an OFDMA scenario), and the cumulative power is higher than the AP's power so there is likely a need for the RO device 230 to enforce a maximum cumulative power. Additionally, the AP could take into account the use of transmit beamforming or directional transmission information to determine the interference power at a location. For example, the AP 202 may determine the interference power at its location. By using the transmit beamforming or directional transmission information, the AP 202 may then send that information to the RO device 230. The RO device 230 may then compare that information to a threshold value. The RO device 230 may allow the AP 202 to transmit data using the 6 GHz band when the interference power at its location is below the threshold. The RO device 230 may deny access to the AP 202 for transmission using the 6 GHz band when the interference power at its location is below the threshold.

[0070] The above embodiments solve issues that remain which are prohibiting the unlicensed use of a portion of the 6 GHz band. Incumbents have shown that background radiation (noise) caused by terrestrial Wi-Fi systems would cause degradation to their receivers. This disclosure proposes a registry for APs to register to gain access to use specific parts of the 6 GHz band. Additionally it has the APs, and potentially the STAs connected to the APs, providing signal measurements of all GPS signals they can receive and the RSSI/SNR for each GPS signal. It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.

[0071] FIG. 3 depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 300 for 6 GHz band enablement, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown two incumbent fixed service devices (e.g., fixed service (FS) device 301 (FS1) and FS device 303 (FS2)) communicating with each other using two channels for a P2P link. In this example, FS device 301 is sending downlink communications on channel 306, and FS device 303 is sending uplink communications on channel 308. FIG. 3 also shows an AP 302 and an associated user device 322 that need access to the 6 GHz band 330.

[0073] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate a mechanism to enable access for the AP on channel 306.

[0074] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate the AP to connect to a database and collect information about FS incumbents (e.g., FS device 301 and FS device 303).

[0075] In one embodiment, the database may provide information about the FS incumbent. For example, the information may include information associated with the channel 306 and the channel 308, the center frequency, the bandwidth, the transmit power used by the FS incumbent and either the maximum allowed received power calculated on the total bandwidth or the maximum received power per MHz on the bandwidth. [0076] In one embodiment, the AP may determine the path loss between the AP and the FS device 303 on channel 308. It should be understood that path loss is the attenuation in power density of an electromagnetic wave as it propagates through space. Path loss may be due to many effects, such as free-space loss, refraction, diffraction, reflection, aperture-medium coupling loss, and absorption. Path loss is also influenced by terrain contours, environment, propagation medium (dry or moist air), the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, and the height and location of the antennas.

[0077] In one embodiment, the AP may set its center frequency and bandwidth to an existing Wi-Fi channel that overlaps with channel 308 (e.g., Wi-Fi channel 307) and measures the received power from the FS device 303 and determines, based on the received power, the received power per MHz. This calculation has to take into account the different bandwidths between the Wi-Fi channel 305 and the channel 306 and whether there is full overlap or not. For example, the path loss may be calculated as follows: the path loss between the AP and the FS device 303 (PathlossAP_FS2) is equal to the received power from the FS device 303 (Received_Power_from_FS2) minus the transmit power of the FS device 303 (TransmitPowerFS2). It should be understood that the transmit power of the FS device 303 may be determined and/or received from the database. Therefore the calculation for the path loss may be summarized in the following formula:

[0078] PathlossAP_FS2 = Received_Power_from_FS2 (per MHz) - TransmitPowerFS2 (per MHz).

[0079] The AP may calculate the path loss between the AP and the FS device 303 on the downlink channel (e.g., channel 306). The path loss is identical to the above formula, unless a compensation margin is defined and given by the database.

[0080] The AP may calculate the maximum transmit power (MaxTxPower) it can use when transmitting on channel 306 so that the interference with channel 306 is mitigated. This may be compared to the path loss plus the maximum received power of the FS device 303 on channel 306 plus an optional margin.

[0081] That is, MaxTxPower (MHz) < path loss + MaxRxPower_FS2_channel_306 (per MHz) + margin (optional).

[0082] The margin can also be integrated in the MaxRxPower defined by the database. For instance, this margin can incorporate an extra protection of the FS link in case multiple BSSs (hidden from each other) transmit simultaneously, creating cumulative increased interference on the FS node.

[0083] This calculation needs to take into account the different bandwidths between the Wi-Fi channel 305 and the channel 306, and whether there is full overlap or not.

[0084] If the AP respects the MaxTxPower, it can access channel 306. It should be noted that the AP will determine if the range and rate obtained with the MaxTxPower constraint is sufficient for its basic service set (BSS) operations.

[0085] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate an STA enablement to access a 6 GHz channel using a first mode and a second mode. The first mode may be through a basic service set (BSS) enablement and the second mode may be an STA specific enablement.

[0086] In one embodiment, in the first mode (the BSS enablement), if the AP 302 is allowed to access the 6 GHz band, its associated STAs (e.g., user device 322) may be allowed as well, assuming that they follow the same transmit power constraints. In this mode, it is considered that if the AP 302 does not create interference with the FS link (e.g., channel 306 or channel 308), its STAs (e.g., user device 322) will not create interference as well. The AP 302 therefore may simply send enabling signals to the user device 322 with such information. An STA may be associated with an AP having a 6 GHz interface (may also be referred to as a 6 GHz AP) collocated with another interface, such as 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz (also referred to as a 2.4 GHz AP or a 5 GHz AP). That is, the AP may contain one or more bands that can be accessed through one or more interfaces. If the STA's association with the 6 GHz AP is enabled only through a first association in a collocated 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz AP, such information can be provided in an information element of a frame that describes operation at 6 GHz and which includes the channel number (e.g., center frequency and/or bandwidth) and the maximum transmit power (MaxTxPower) constraint on this band. This information element can be included in the neighbor report frame and in the frames that request or allow the transitions from the STAs to the 6 GHz AP in the lower bands. It can also be sent in beacons and re-association frames at 6 GHz. STAs shall read these parameters and respect them, especially the maximum transmit power constraints.

If association is allowed directly with a 6 GHz AP, this power constraint can be simply provided in beacons and in association response, re- association response frames, or any other frames.

[0087] In one embodiment, in the second mode (STA specific enablement), a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate a more precise enablement with mechanisms for the AP 302 to allow its STAs (e.g., user device 322) to use the FS incumbent channel (e.g., channel 306 or channel 308) if they also meet the conditions/constraints that the AP 302 meets. Basically, the same measurements and calculations may need to be applied for the maximum transmit power that the user device 322 has to respect to ensure that the interference it generates on the FS link is lower than what is required by the information provided by the database.

[0088] In one embodiment, the AP may be in charge of the calculation and enablement either by requesting measurements from the STAs or by the AP calculating the interference that the STA will generate on the receiver of the FS link occupying the channel that the AP is requesting access to. For example, the measurement request frame may be sent by the AP and may include the parameters of the measurements, (e.g., channel (center frequency, bandwidth) on which the measurement shall be done) and the duration of the measurements. Upon reception of this frame, the STA may perform the measurements and respond by sending a measurement response. Obviously, this exchange has to happen in a different channel than the one for which the AP and the STA seek enablement. It may be in another part of the 6 GHz band where there are no incumbents, or it may be in the lower 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band if the STAs are dual-band capable.

[0089] In another example, the AP may perform the calculation of the interference that the STA will generate on the receiver of the FS link occupying the channel that the AP and its associated STAs want to access. The calculations are similar to where the AP itself performs its own calculation.

[0090] In one embodiment, the AP may grant or forbid access to the channel (e.g., channel 306 or channel 308) occupied by the incumbent and may impose STA-specific maximum transmit power constraints (as opposed to BSS-specific maximum transmit power). In one embodiment, the AP 302 may request measurements from each STA (in this case, user device 322) and reassess channel access for each STA in a regular manner, even after enablement. The STAs can be forced to send regular measurement reports to the AP on a periodic basis. For example, user device 322 may perform measurements and report these measurements to the AP 302 based on a schedule set by the AP 302, or based on the network conditions.

[0091] In one embodiment, the STA may be in charge of the calculation. For example, the AP 302 may forward the requirements from the database to the user device 322 (for example, the channel 308) on which the measurement has to be done to be enabled in another channel (e.g., channel 306); transmit power of the FS node; optional margin for Rx/Tx calibration in the FS node (e.g., FS1 or FS2); and the maximum Rx interference received level in the FS node). Based on that information, the user device 322 may follow the same procedure described for the AP enablement, i.e., measurement on channel 308, calculation of the path loss to the FS node, and calculation of the maximum transmit power not to exceed interference in the FS node above the maximum interference level provided by the AP 302. The user device 322 may respect the procedure to be allowed to transmit on that band. The AP 302 may also send in the enablement frames the frequency at which the STA shall reassess enablement (measurements and calculations), which forces the STA to regularly recalculate if it can transmit in the band and at which maximum power. The drawback of that mode is that the user device 322 may be disabled while the AP is not aware, which requires an STA fallback mechanism on another spectrum, like at 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz. A fast session transfer (FST) solution can be used for this purpose.

[0092] In one embodiment, the STA may listen to the AP's beacons where it finds out that there is an FS link with certain allowed RX-power, and learns the MaxTxPower of the AP as well as the path loss between the AP and an FS incumbent. All that information may be included in the beacon. In addition, the FS incumbent may require an offset for potential STA Tx-power (referred to as STA_margin), which may be sent to the AP, and it gets broadcasted in the beacon. The STA may perform measurement (as described in AP enablement) of the FS transmission and may calculate its path loss. Knowing the path loss of the AP and its MaxTxPower, the STA may calculate a MaxTxPower_STA, and subtract the STA_margin from it. The purpose of the margin is to make the system more conservative such that in case of Rx collision from another STA at the FS incumbent, it is not desired that the transmission of two STAs be received at the same time at the FS incumbent. The STA may transmit an association request (assoc_req) with transmit power (Tx-power) of the MaxTxPower_STA minus the STA_margin. The STA may then wait to see if it gets an association response. This solution does not need prior association or an off-band frame exchange.

[0093] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate a teardown or modifications during operation. For example, a mechanism may be implemented for the database to request an AP or an STA that is operating at 6 GHz on a specific channel to stop any operation on that 6 GHz channel, or to modify its operation, such as lowering its TxPower. The rationale for this process is to have a way to stop or parametrize an operating Wi-Fi network if that network is causing high interference on FS incumbents. Such interference could be due to mobility of the AP or the STA, or to a bad calculation or a weak implementation of the AP, or to an incumbent link that suddenly is switched on or has changed its sensitivity.

[0094] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may define a real-time interface between the database and the FS link (e.g., channel 306 and channel 308) so that the FS incumbent using the FS link can warn the database when it sees interference which is too high and impacts its performance. The FS incumbent may send a signal to the database indicating the amount of interference that the FS link is experiencing, or the amount of extra interference it experiences. Based on that request, the database may contact the APs that got enabled in the area for operating in the overlapping channels. If there is a single AP, the database may require the AP to lower its TxPower and force its associated STAs to do the same, at least by the value of the extra interference experienced by the FS link, or it could completely turn down the operation of this AP. If there are multiple APs overlapping in the area with the FS link, the database could lower the TxPower for (or turn down) all APs, or it could lower or turn down some APs, see the impact on the FS link, and alternate to identify the AP(s) that is(are) causing the higher interference. Once identified, the database can then act on the identified APs by lowering their TxPower or turning them down.

[0095] It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.

[0096] FIG. 4A depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 400 for high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) frequency domain mapping in IEEE 802.1 lax. It should be understood that although and example of HE-SIG-B is shown in FIG. 4A (and FIG. 4B), this disclosure is applicable to any signal field or any variation of the HE-SIG-B. For example, this may be adapted to apply to a Next Generation Wi-Fi standard. For example, this may be a Next Gen SIG A or SIG B field.

[0097] Referring to FIG. 4A, there is shown an 80 MHz channel that is divided into four channels (e.g., channels A, B, C, D). The channels may be comprised of one or more resource units (RUs) that use one or more frequency tones. For example channels A, B, C, D are shown to have 242 frequency tones. It should be understood that 26 frequency tones may be located in the middle of the 80 MHz channel separating channels A and B from channels C and D.

Each channel may have one or more resource units that may be assigned to a station device.

[0098] In IEEE 802.1 lax, if the operational channel width is 80 MHz, the four 20 MHz channels, A, B, C, D (as shown in FIG. 4A), are arranged in increasing order of the absolute frequency.

[0099] High-efficiency signaling between one or more devices may be split into two fields, a high-efficiency signal A field and a high-efficiency signal B field. Taken together, the two fields may describe the included frame attributes such as the channel width, modulation and coding, and whether the frame is a single or multi-user frame. The high-efficiency signal B field may be used to set up the data rate, as well as tune in MIMO reception.

[00100] A first high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) content channel 411 for channel A occupies the tones in the 20 MHz segment with the lowest subcarrier indices followed by a second HE-SIG-B content channel 413 for channel B in the adjacent 20 MHz segment. This structure of the first HE-SIG-B content channel 411 (e.g., HE-SIG-B 1) occupying the lower subcarrier index followed by the second HE-SIG-B content channel 413 (HE-SIG-B2) is repeated with content duplication in the remaining two 20 MHz segments, respectively. That is, an HE-SIG-B content channel 415 for channel C may be a duplicate of the first HE-SIG-B content channel 411 (HE-SIG-B 1) and an HE-SIG-B content channel 417 may be the duplicate of the second HE-SIG-B content channel 413 (e.g., HE-SIG-B2).

[00101] On the receiver side, the receiver needs to decode both content channels to parse the resource allocation information. That is a receiving device that receives this transmission may need to decode at a minimum the HE-SIG-B content channel 411 and HE-SIG-B content channel 413 in order to have the entirety of the HE-SIG-B field, which may comprise two portions: HE-SIG-B 1 transmitted on a first channel and HE-SIG-B2 transmitted on a second channel.

[00102] However, the frequency bands occupied by the incumbents vary from location to location and from time to time. It is possible that only two 20 MHz channels instead of four are to be used in 80 MHz. For example, if only channels A and C are available, or only channels B and D are available, that means only one content channel can be transmitted according to the current IEEE 802.1 lax HE-SIG-B frequency domain mapping. In such a case, the receiving device cannot get the resource allocation information correctly because it may have received only one of the HE-SIG-B contents (e.g., either the first HE-SIG-B content channel 411 (HE- SIG-B 1) or the second HE-SIG-B content channel 413 (HE-SIG-B2)).

[00103] FIG. 4B depicts an illustrative schematic diagram 450 for 6 GHz band enablement, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[00104] Referring to FIG. 4B, there is shown an 80 MHz channel that is divided into four channels (e.g., channels A, B, C, D). The channels may be comprised of one or more resource units (RUs) that use one or more frequency tones. For example, channels A, B, C, D are shown to have 242 frequency tones. It should be understood that 26 frequency tones may be located in the middle of the 80 MHz channel separating channels A and B from channels C and D. Each channel may have one or more resource units that may be assigned to a station device.

[00105] In one embodiment, a 6 GHz band enablement system may define a new rule for mapping HE-SIG-B content channels to the 20 MHz channels on the 6 GHz band when one or more of the 20 MHz channels are notched or unavailable due to incumbent devices using those channels. If only two 20 MHz channels out of the four 20 MHz channels are available, and the HE-SIG-B content on the two 20 MHz channels are the same using the 802.11 ax mapping rule, the two HE-SIG-B content channels (HE-SIG-B 1 and HE-SIG-B2) should be mapped to the two 20 MHz channels. Namely, the two available 20 MHz channels should carry the two HE-SIG-B content channels (HE-SIG-B 1 and HE-SIG-B2), respectively. For example, the mapping should fall back to (the same as) the HE-SIG-B frequency mapping of the 40 MHz channel width as if the two disjointed 20 MHz channels formed a contiguous 40 MHz channel. That means, if only channels A and C are available, channel A should transmit the HE-SIG-B content channel 411 (HE-SIG-B1) and channel C should transmit HE-SIG-B content channel 415 (HE-SIG-B2). With the same logic, if only channels B and D are available, channel B should transmit the HE-SIG-B content channel 413 (HE-SIG-B 1), and channel D should transmit the HE-SIG-B content channel 417 (HE-SIG-B2).

[00106] The HE-SIG-B frequency mapping fallback could be signaled in the preamble port before HE-SIG-B. For example, the high-efficiency signal A (HE-SIG-A) may be used to set one bit to indicate to the receiving device on which channel the HE-SIG-B 1 and HE-SIG-B2 are located. In another example, the HE-SIG-B mapping could be indicated in a beacon frame. It should be noted that if the operational channel width is 160 MHz, a similar problem may exist and the solution may be the same. Namely, if only four 20 MHz channels out of the eight 20 MHz channels are available in the 160 MHz channel, and the HE-SIG-B content on the four 20 MHz channels are duplicates of each other, the HE-SIG-B content channels should be mapped to the four 20 MHz channels, and the mapping should fall back to (the same as) the HE-SIG-B frequency mapping of the 80 MHz channel width as if the four disjointed 20 MHz channels formed a contiguous 80 MHz channel.

[00107] Due to the incumbent services, part of the 6 GHz band may be notched (occupied or otherwise unavailable). The minimum RU band width is 26 tones in IEEE 802.1 lax, and the 26 tone RU may be used as the notching granularity for the data portion. The notching granularity for the preamble portion may be (the same or) greater than 26 tones (e.g., 20 MHz). The notched RU could be indicated in the beacon frame. Since the beacon is in the MAC payload and not very sensitive to the overhead, the bit map for each 26 tone RU may be used in the operational bandwidth. That is, for the 80 MHz channel, there may be four 20 MHz channels, where if the RU size is selected to be a 26 tone RU, each 20 MHz channel will have 9 RUs (each having a size of 26 tones). Therefore, the bitmap will have about 36 or 37 bits in total, and each bit indicates if a 26 tone RU is notched or not. In another example, if the RU size is 52 tones for the each channel, then a bit may represent the 52 tone RU. In that case, if the four channels in the 80 MHz channel use 52 tone RUs, then each 20 MHz channel will have 4 RUs (each having a size of 52 tones). Therefore, the bitmap will need about 16 or 17 bits in total, where each bit in the bitmap indicates if a 52 tone RU is notched or not. For the 160 MHz channel, there will be 37*2 = 74 bits for the notched RU indication. It should be understood that although RU sizes of 26 tones and 52 tones are shown, similar reasoning may be applied to different RU sizes (e.g., 106 tone RUs, 242 tone RUs, etc.). The IEEE 802.1 lax devices should assume that the preamble portions that come before a high-efficiency short training field (HE-STF) should not be transmitted in the 20 MHz channels that are overlapped with the notched RU. For the non-high throughput (HT) duplicated transmission, 802.1 lax devices should assume the duplicated content is not transmitted in the 20 MHz channels that are overlapped with the notched RU.

[00108] IEEE 802.1 lax defined a table 28-27 (shown below) for the pre-FEC padding (padding performed before encoding). N_SD SHORT is the number of available data tones per symbol, which is used to calculate the boundary of pre-FEC padding. Since some RUs may be overlapped with the incumbent band and cannot be allocated for 802.1 lax transmission, N_SD SHORT needs to be redefined considering this special case.

[00109] One alternative is to exhaustively list all of the possible combinations of notched RUs and available RU sizeand then define a new table for each combination. However, it will generate a very large table and complicates the implementation. For example, a 996 tone RU with one 26 tone RU notched may need to be considered, two 26 tone RU notched may need to be considered, etc.

[00110] Another simpler work around may be where if the assigned RU overlaps with the incumbent, the N_SD>SHORT_rem = N_SD,SHORT - N_SD,sHORT_Nuiiecb where N_SD>SHORT is the value in the current 802.11 specification for the assigned RU, N_SD>SHORT_Nuiied ^is the value of the N_SD>SHORT for the notched RU which is also from the current 802.11 specification and N_{SD SHORT}_rem ^is the new value used for the pre-FEC padding calculation. For example, if a 106 tone RU is assigned with DCM=0, while a 26 tone RU in the 106 tone RU is notched, N_SD>SHORr_rem ^for the 106 tone RU will be 24-6 = 18 instead of 24 such that the encoded bits could be more evenly distributed in the available RUs in the last OFDM symbol. Dual sub-carrier modulation (DCM) is an optional modulation scheme for the HE-SIG-B and data fields. DCM is applied to BPSK, QPSK and 16-QAM modulations. [00111] Table 28-27— N_SD>SHORT values

[00112] Due to the aforementioned reason, in a 6 GHz band, it is possible that the allocated resource may include a notched RU. In this case, the channel coding in the data portion should take the notched RU into consideration when determining the channel coding parameters such ^as N_SD, N_CBPS, N_DBPS.

[00113] The logic is similar with the N_{SD SHORT} recalculation. The number of available data tones after RU notching may need to be determined. Thus, the same scheme may be used in the pre-FEC padding to redefine the N_SD, N_CBPS, N_DBPS In other words, if an RU is allocated while a smaller RU within this allocated RU is notched, the new N_SD, N_CBPS, N_DBPS is equal to the N_SD, N_CBPS, N_DBPS of the allocated RU minus the N_SD, N_CBPS, N_DBPS of the notched RU.

[00114] For the example, if a 106 tone RU is assigned, while a 26 tone RU in the 106 tone RU is notched, N_SD, N_CBPS, N_DBPS for MCS 0 and DCM = 0 will be redefined as N_SD = 102 - 24 = 78, N_CBPS= 102 -24 = 78, N_DBPS = 51-12 = 39. The numbers N_SD = 24, N_CBPS=24, N_DBPS =12 come from table 28-48, which are the numbers for N_SD, N_CBPS, N_DBPS in the notched 26 tone RU for MCS 0 and DCM = 0.

[00115] It is understood that the above descriptions are for purposes of illustration and are not meant to be limiting.

[00116] FIG. 5 A illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 500 for an illustrative 6 GHz band enablement system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[00117] At block 502, the device may identify a signal received from an incumbent device. For example, the AP 102 may communicate with a central database or registry. In essence, the registry may be a gatekeeper for access of a Wi-Fi network to the spectrum. The Wi-Fi network would be responsible for attaining key elements of the network, which would be provided to the registry. The registry owner would then allow access, or not, and could have control over the density of that network. The issue is that the location, waveform and other information of the satellite systems are not known. Thus, this design provides sufficient information to the registry about the Wi-Fi network to allow the registry owner to determine acceptable interference levels before allowing the AP and its associated STAs to access the spectrum. For example, the AP 102 may determine a relative signal strength of a satellite signal (e.g., a GPS signal) that may be received at the AP 102. Having a measurement of the signal strength of the satellite signal gives incumbents a method to determine the amount of interference the Wi- Fi devices will cause the satellite signal. The satellite receivers are typically equipped with very high gain receive antennas in order to detect the extremely long range transmissions. Thus, having knowledge on whether a Wi-Fi network is located in an area where the satellite signal is greatly attenuated would greatly improve the utilization of the band by Wi-Fi devices. Unfortunately, there has not been a method to determine the relative signal strength of the satellite signal.

[00118] At block 504, the device may determine one or more measurements of the signal. The AP 102 may use GPS signals received as a relative signal strength measurement.

[00119] For example, the AP 102 may identify all satellites it is able to identify, along with an RSSI or some measurement of the SNR for each of the satellites. The AP 102 should provide this information along with the location of the AP 102 to the registry device. The AP 102 may collect the same information from all station devices (STAs) that are associated with the AP once the AP 102 is granted access by the registry device. For example, the AP 102 may collect an aggregate RSSI or some measurement of the SNR of all the STAs.

[00120] At block 506, the device may cause to send the one or more measurements to the registry device. For example, the AP 102 may report the measurements to the registry device. The AP 102 may also collect the RSSI or some measurement of the SNR on a per STA basis. For example, the AP 102 may determine the number of STAs that are associated with it, the location of these devices, and the respective RSSI or other measurements on a per device basis. This would allow the AP 102, and also the registry device, to determine if the devices connecting to the AP are outside, or for some reason are detecting the GPS signals at higher power, thus indicating that they may be more likely to cause interference to the incumbent receivers.

[00121] At block 508, the device may cause to send an access request to access a channel within a frequency band associated with the incumbent device. For example, the AP 102 and its associated STAs may demodulate each received GPS signal received from one or more satellites and determine each RSSI (and/or SNR) measurement associated with each received GPS signal. The AP 102 would then be responsible for reporting those measurements to the registry device. If the AP 102 and its devices do not see GPS signals, then interference would be negligible, and the registry device may grant the AP access to the 6 GHz band. If the AP and/or its associated devices are outside, then the AP and the devices may be able to see GPS signals. Each associated device may perform measurements associated with received GPS signals and pass those measurements to the AP. The AP 102 may send aggregate measurements of all data received from all of its associated devices or may send individual measurements of each associated device. The AP may even determine the highest measurement of an associated device and share that with the registry. The registry device may then decide to deny access to the device with highest measurement. The AP may send the aggregate RSSI measurement in addition to the highest RSSI measurement from a certain associated device. This way, the registry may be able to determine whether to permit the AP and its associated devices to access the 6 GHz band. In another example, the registry device may determine to only permit a subset of the devices associated with the AP to access the 6 GHz band and deny access to another subset of devices associated with the AP because the RSSI measurements of these devices fall higher than a threshold that the registry device determines would cause interference with the satellite signals on the 6 GHz band.

[00122] At block 510, the device may identify and access a response based on the one or more measurements. For example, after the AP sends the measurements to the registry device, the registry device may be able to determine whether to permit or deny the AP and its associated devices to access the 6 GHz band based on the measurements. In another example, the registry device may determine to only permit a subset of the devices associated with the AP to access the 6 GHz band and deny access to another subset of devices associated with the AP because these the RSSI measurements of these devices fall higher than a threshold that the registry device determines would cause interference with the satellite signals on the 6 GHz band. In case the registry device grants access to the AP and/or its STAs, the AP and/or its STAs may determine how to send data using the granted access to one or more channels. For example, in the case of sending a preamble comprising one or more fields, such as a high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B), which may include a first portion (HE-SIG-B 1) and a second portion (HE-SIG- B2), the AP and/or its STAs may then determine a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the incumbent device on a first channel of the 6 GHz band. The AP and/or its STAs may cause to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a second channel not occupied by the incumbent device. The AP and/or its STAs may send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B on a third channel not occupied by the incumbent device.

[00123] FIG. 5B illustrates a flow diagram of an illustrative process 550 for a 6 GHz band enablement system, in accordance with one or more example embodiments of the present disclosure.

[00124] At block 552, the device may detect a point-to-point link between a first fixed service device and a second fixed service device. For example, interactions between an AP and a central database or registry devices may facilitate the collection of information about the center frequency, bandwidth and transmit power for the channels used by active FS incumbents at a specific location, where for each FS link, the information describes both uplink and downlink channels. It should be noted that the FS link can have a bandwidth that occupies several (and fractional) Wi-Fi channels. The AP may further collect from the registry device information about the constraints that the AP has to respect in order to be granted access to these channels. In one embodiment, the constraint for a particular channel used by an FS incumbent is a threshold defining the maximum received signal power that can be allowed to be received by this AP or its basic service set (BSS) at the receiving antenna of the receiver of the FS link.

[00125] For example, the AP and/or its associated STA may connect to a database and collect information about FS incumbents (e.g., FS device 301 and FS device 303 of FIG. 3). The database may provide information about the FS incumbent. For example, the information may include information associated with the channel 306 of FIG. 3 and the channel 308 of FIG. 3, the center frequency, the bandwidth, the transmit power used by the FS incumbent, and either the maximum allowed received power calculated on the total bandwidth or the maximum received power per MHz on the bandwidth. For example, the AP may determine that a link exists based on information received from the database. The information may help the AP to determine or otherwise calculate whether it is able to transmit on the 6 GHz band that may be used by the fixed service devices.

[00126] At block 554, the device may determine first information associated with the first fixed service device and second information associated with the second fixed service device, wherein the first information and the second information are received from the registry device. For example, the AP on the downlink (or uplink) channel is used by the fixed service devices, in order to measure the path loss between the AP and the transmitter of the downlink (or uplink) channel. Since the transmitter of the downlink (or uplink) channel is collocated with the receiver of the uplink (or downlink) channel, the path loss may be considered the same. If it is not the case, the registry device may provide a path loss margin that may be used to calibrate the path loss. The AP may calculate the power that it shall not exceed when transmitting on the uplink (or downlink) channel. If that transmit power is too low, the AP may not use this channel. The AP may collect information associated with the fixed devices (e.g., FS device 301 and FS device 303 of FIG. 3) that may be maintained by the database. The AP may request that information from the database.

[00127] At block 556, the device may determine a maximum transmit power based on the first information and the second information. When the AP receives the information from the registry device, the AP may act on that information to determine or otherwise calculate its maximum transmit power. The maximum transmit power has to meet transmit power constraints. These constraints also may apply to any STAs that may be serviced by the AP. The AP may be in charge of the calculation and enablement either by requesting measurements from the STAs that are serviced by the AP or by the AP calculating the interference that the STA will generate on the receiver of the FS link occupying the channel that the AP is requesting access to. For example, the measurement request frame may be sent by the AP and may include the parameters of the measurements, e.g., channel (center frequency, bandwidth) on which the measurement shall be done and duration of the measurement. Upon reception of this frame, the STA may perform the measurements and respond by sending a measurement response. This exchange has to happen in a different channel than the one for which the AP and the STA seek enablement or may be in another part of the 6 GHz band where there are no incumbents, or may be in the lower 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz band if the STAs are dual-band capable. The AP may perform the calculation of the interference that the STA will generate on the receiver of the FS link occupying the channel that the AP and its associated STAs want access to. The calculations are similar to where the AP itself performs its own calculations.

[00128] At block 558, the device may compare the maximum transmit power to a predetermined threshold. For example, after the AP calculates its maximum transmit power that it can use when transmitting on a channel of the 6 GHz band, the maximum transmit power may be compared to the path loss plus the maximum received power of second fixed service device on the downlink channel plus an optional margin.

[00129] At block 560, the device may access a first channel within a frequency band associated with the first fixed service device and the second fixed service device based on the comparison. If the AP respects the maximum transmit power, it can then access the channel of the 6 GHz band. Further, if the AP is allowed to access the 6 GHz band, its associated STAs (e.g., user devices 120 of FIG. 1) may be allowed as well, assuming that they follow the same transmit power constraints. In this mode, it is considered that if the AP does not create interference to the FS link (the point-to-point link between the first fixed service device and the second fixed service device), its STAs will not create interference as well. The AP therefore may simply send enabling signals to the STAs with such information.

[00130] FIG. 6 shows a functional diagram of an exemplary communication station 600 in accordance with some embodiments. In one embodiment, FIG. 6 illustrates a functional block diagram of a communication station that may be suitable for use as an AP 102 (FIG. 1) or a user device 120 (FIG. 1) in accordance with some embodiments. The communication station 600 may also be suitable for use as a handheld device, a mobile device, a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a wearable computer device, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device.

[00131] The communication station 602 may include communications circuitry 602 and a transceiver 610 for transmitting and receiving signals to and from other communication stations using one or more antennas 601. The transceiver 610 may be a device comprising both a transmitter and a receiver that are combined and share common circuitry (e.g., communication circuitry 602). The communications circuitry 602 may include amplifiers, filters, mixers, analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters. The transceiver 610 may transmit and receive analog or digital signals. The transceiver 610 may allow reception of signals during transmission periods. This mode is known as full-duplex, and may require the transmitter and receiver to operate on different frequencies to minimize interference between the transmitted signal and the received signal. The transceiver 610 may operate in a half-duplex mode, where the transceiver 610 may transmit or receive signals in one direction at a time.

[00132] The communications circuitry 602 may include circuitry that can operate the physical layer (PHY) communications and/or media access control (MAC) communications for controlling access to the wireless medium, and/or any other communications layers for transmitting and receiving signals. The communication station 600 may also include processing circuitry 606 and memory 608 arranged to perform the operations described herein. In some embodiments, the communications circuitry 602 and the processing circuitry 606 may be configured to perform operations detailed in FIGs.1-3, 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5B.

[00133] In accordance with some embodiments, the communications circuitry 602 may be arranged to contend for a wireless medium and configure frames or packets for communicating over the wireless medium. The communications circuitry 602 may be arranged to transmit and receive signals. The communications circuitry 602 may also include circuitry for modulation/demodulation, upconversion/downconversion, filtering, amplification, etc. In some embodiments, the processing circuitry 606 of the communication station 600 may include one or more processors. In other embodiments, two or more antennas 601 may be coupled to the communications circuitry 602 arranged for sending and receiving signals. The memory 608 may store information for configuring the processing circuitry 606 to perform operations for configuring and transmitting message frames and performing the various operations described herein. The memory 608 may include any type of memory, including non-transitory memory, for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, the memory 608 may include a computer-readable storage device, read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices and other storage devices and media.

[00134] In some embodiments, the communication station 600 may be part of a portable wireless communication device, such as a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop or portable computer with wireless communication capability, a web tablet, a wireless telephone, a smartphone, a wireless headset, a pager, an instant messaging device, a digital camera, an access point, a television, a medical device (e.g., a heart rate monitor, a blood pressure monitor, etc.), a wearable computer device, or another device that may receive and/or transmit information wirelessly.

[00135] In some embodiments, the communication station 600 may include one or more antennas 601. The antennas 601 may include one or more directional or omnidirectional antennas, including, for example, dipole antennas, monopole antennas, patch antennas, loop antennas, microstrip antennas, or other types of antennas suitable for transmission of RF signals. In some embodiments, instead of two or more antennas, a single antenna with multiple apertures may be used. In these embodiments, each aperture may be considered a separate antenna. In some multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) embodiments, the antennas may be effectively separated for spatial diversity and the different channel characteristics that may result between each of the antennas and the antennas of a transmitting station.

[00136] In some embodiments, the communication station 600 may include one or more of a keyboard, a display, a non-volatile memory port, multiple antennas, a graphics processor, an application processor, speakers, and other mobile device elements. The display may be an LCD screen including a touch screen.

[00137] Although the communication station 600 is illustrated as having several separate functional elements, two or more of the functional elements may be combined and may be implemented by combinations of software-configured elements, such as processing elements including digital signal processors (DSPs), and/or other hardware elements. For example, some elements may include one or more microprocessors, DSPs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), radio-frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and combinations of various hardware and logic circuitry for performing at least the functions described herein. In some embodiments, the functional elements of the communication station 600 may refer to one or more processes operating on one or more processing elements.

[00138] Certain embodiments may be implemented in one or a combination of hardware, firmware, and software. Other embodiments may also be implemented as instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device, which may be read and executed by at least one processor to perform the operations described herein. A computer-readable storage device may include any non-transitory memory mechanism for storing information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computer). For example, a computer-readable storage device may include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash-memory devices, and other storage devices and media. In some embodiments, the communication station 600 may include one or more processors and may be configured with instructions stored on a computer-readable storage device memory.

[00139] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a machine 700 or system upon which any one or more of the techniques (e.g., methodologies) discussed herein may be performed. In other embodiments, the machine 700 may operate as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 700 may operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or both in server-client network environments. In an example, the machine 700 may act as a peer machine in peer-to- peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environments. The machine 700 may be a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile telephone, a wearable computer device, a web appliance, a network router, a switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine, such as a base station. Further, while only a single machine is illustrated, the term "machine" shall also be taken to include any collection of machines that individually or jointly execute a set (or multiple sets) of instructions to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, such as cloud computing, software as a service (SaaS), or other computer cluster configurations.

[00140] Examples, as described herein, may include or may operate on logic or a number of components, modules, or mechanisms. Modules are tangible entities (e.g., hardware) capable of performing specified operations when operating. A module includes hardware. In an example, the hardware may be specifically configured to carry out a specific operation (e.g., hardwired). In another example, the hardware may include configurable execution units (e.g., transistors, circuits, etc.) and a computer readable medium containing instructions where the instructions configure the execution units to carry out a specific operation when in operation. The configuring may occur under the direction of the executions units or a loading mechanism. Accordingly, the execution units are communicatively coupled to the computer-readable medium when the device is operating. In this example, the execution units may be a member of more than one module. For example, under operation, the execution units may be configured by a first set of instructions to implement a first module at one point in time and reconfigured by a second set of instructions to implement a second module at a second point in time.

[00141] The machine (e.g., computer system) 700 may include a hardware processor 702 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any combination thereof), a main memory 704 and a static memory 706, some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (e.g., bus) 708. The machine 700 may further include a power management device 732, a graphics display device 710, an alphanumeric input device 712 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI) navigation device 714 (e.g., a mouse). In an example, the graphics display device 710, alphanumeric input device 712, and UI navigation device 714 may be a touch screen display. The machine 700 may additionally include a storage device (i.e., drive unit) 716, a signal generation device 718 (e.g., a speaker), a 6 GHz band enablement device 719, a network interface device/transceiver 720 coupled to antenna(s) 730, and one or more sensors 728, such as a global positioning system (GPS) sensor, a compass, an accelerometer, or other sensor. The machine 700 may include an output controller 734, such as a serial (e.g., universal serial bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (e.g., infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connection to communicate with or control one or more peripheral devices (e.g., a printer, a card reader, etc.)).

[00142] The storage device 716 may include a machine readable medium 722 on which is stored one or more sets of data structures or instructions 724 (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the techniques or functions described herein. The instructions 724 may also reside, completely or at least partially, within the main memory 704, within the static memory 706, or within the hardware processor 702 during execution thereof by the machine 700. In an example, one or any combination of the hardware processor 702, the main memory 704, the static memory 706, or the storage device 716 may constitute machine- readable media. [00143] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may carry out or perform any of the operations and processes (e.g., processes 500 and 550) described and shown above. For example, the 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may outline several features that could be used individually, but provide the most advantages if all are utilized.

[00144] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may utilize a central database or registry. The details of the registry (e.g., owner and use) are outlined in detail below. In essence, the registry may be a gatekeeper for access of a Wi-Fi network to the spectrum. The Wi-Fi network would be responsible for attaining key elements of the network, which would be provided to the registry. The registry owner would then allow access, or not, and could have control over the density of that network. The issue is that the location, waveform and other information of the satellite systems are not known. Thus, this design provides sufficient information to the registry about the Wi-Fi network to allow the registry owner to determine acceptable interference levels before allowing the AP and its associated STAs to access the spectrum.

[00145] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may facilitate the registry owner collecting information from all APs wanting to utilize the spectrum. The registry then would use the metrics outlined here, either all or a subset, with any additional elements deemed necessary, to determine whether to allow access to all APs or a subset of the APs.

[00146] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may utilize a relative signal strength of a satellite signal that may be received at the AP. Having a measurement of the signal strength of the satellite signal gives incumbents a method to determine the amount of interference the Wi-Fi devices will cause the satellite signal. The satellite receivers are typically equipped with very high gain receive antennas in order to detect the extremely long range transmissions. Thus, having knowledge on whether a Wi-Fi network is located in an area where the satellite signal is greatly attenuated would greatly improve the utilization of the band by Wi-Fi devices. Unfortunately, there has not been a method to determine the relative signal strength of a satellite signal.

[00147] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may facilitate that a Wi-Fi device could monitor the channel, trying to detect energy. However, without any knowledge of the satellite signal, or its operational power, this would be difficult to implement mainly because Wi-Fi operates with a fairly high energy detection level for carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA).

[00148] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may use GPS signals as a relative signal strength measurement. [00149] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may utilize a location database associated with the registry. This location database may be a resource utilized to determine interference by the registry to any nearby satellite receivers.

[00150] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may enable Wi-Fi operation on the channels occupied by fixed service (FS) incumbent links, by defining ways to measure the interference that it would generate on the link and ensure that this interference is below a specific threshold.

[00151] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may define an enablement procedure for an AP on a channel that is occupied by an FS link incumbent. For example, a 6 GHz band enablement system may facilitate interactions between an AP and a central database or registry to collect: (1) information about the center frequency, bandwidth and transmit power for the channels used by active FS incumbents at a specific location, where for each FS link, the information describes both uplink and downlink channels. It should be noted that the FS link can have a bandwidth that occupies several (and fractional) Wi-Fi channels; and (2) information about the constraints that the AP has to respect in order to be granted access to these channels. In one embodiment, the constraint for a particular channel used by an FS incumbent is a threshold defining the maximum received signal power that can be allowed to be received by this AP or its basic service set (BSS) at the receiving antenna of the receiver of the FS link.

[00152] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may facilitate measurements done by the AP on the downlink (or uplink) channel used by the FS link, in order to measure the path loss between the AP and the transmitter of the downlink (or uplink) channel. Because the transmitter of the downlink (or uplink) channel is collocated with the receiver of the uplink (or downlink) channel, the path loss may be considered the same. If it is not the case, the registry may provide a path loss margin that may be used to calibrate the path loss. The AP may calculate the power that it shall not exceed when transmitting on the uplink (or downlink) channel. If that transmit power is too low, the AP may not use this channel.

[00153] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may enable the STAs associated with the AP to have access to the FS incumbent channel based on the granted access of the AP. For example, if the AP is allowed access to the band, its associated STA can be allowed access as well, assuming that they follow the same transmit power constraints. In this case, it is assumed that if the AP does not create interference to the FS link, its STA will not create interference as well. The AP therefore simply sends enabling signals to the STAs with such information. [00154] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may facilitate a more precise enablement with ways for the AP to allow its STAs to use the FS incumbent channel if they also meet the conditions/constraints that the AP meets. Specifically, the AP may request measurements from the STAs. The AP may grant or forbid access to parts of the spectrum based on a precise calculation of the interference that each STA generates on the FS link (following the same calculations used by the AP).

[00155] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may facilitate a mechanism for the registry to request an AP or an STA that is operating at 6 GHz on a specific channel to stop any operation on that 6 GHz channel, or to modify its operation, such as lowering its TxPower. This provides a mechanism to stop an operating Wi-Fi network if that network is causing high interference on incumbent devices.

[00156] The 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may facilitate that a high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) frequency domain mapping may only use the available 20 MHz channels but not the notched 20 MHz channels. In one embodiment, a bit map may be used for the notching reserve unit indication. Taking the incumbent into consideration, pre-FEC padding (padding performed before encoding) and channel coding parameters may be redefined with a simple scheme.

[00157] It is understood that the above are only a subset of what the 6 GHz band enablement device 719 may be configured to perform and that other functions included throughout this disclosure may also be performed by the 6 GHz band enablement device 719.

[00158] While the machine-readable medium 722 is illustrated as a single medium, the term "machine-readable medium" may include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) configured to store the one or more instructions 724.

[00159] Various embodiments may be implemented fully or partially in software and/or firmware. This software and/or firmware may take the form of instructions contained in or on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. Those instructions may then be read and executed by one or more processors to enable performance of the operations described herein. The instructions may be in any suitable form, such as but not limited to source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Such a computer-readable medium may include any tangible non-transitory medium for storing information in a form readable by one or more computers, such as but not limited to read only memory (ROM); random access memory (RAM); magnetic disk storage media; optical storage media; a flash memory, etc. [00160] The term "machine-readable medium" may include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 700 and that cause the machine 700 to perform any one or more of the techniques of the present disclosure, or that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions. Non-limiting machine-readable medium examples may include solid-state memories and optical and magnetic media. In an example, a massed machine -readable medium includes a machine-readable medium with a plurality of particles having resting mass. Specific examples of massed machine -readable media may include non-volatile memory, such as semiconductor memory devices (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)) and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD- ROM disks.

[00161] The instructions 724 may further be transmitted or received over a communications network 726 using a transmission medium via the network interface device/transceiver 720 utilizing any one of a number of transfer protocols (e.g., frame relay, internet protocol (IP), transmission control protocol (TCP), user datagram protocol (UDP), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.). Example communications networks may include a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), mobile telephone networks (e.g., cellular networks), plain old telephone (POTS) networks, wireless data networks (e.g., Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 family of standards known as Wi-Fi®, IEEE 802.16 family of standards known as WiMax®), IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, among others. In an example, the network interface device/transceiver 720 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coaxial, or phone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to the communications network 726. In an example, the network interface device/transceiver 720 may include a plurality of antennas to wirelessly communicate using at least one of single-input multiple- output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input single-output (MISO) techniques. The term "transmission medium" shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine 700 and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software. The operations and processes described and shown above may be carried out or performed in any suitable order as desired in various implementations. Additionally, in certain implementations, at least a portion of the operations may be carried out in parallel. Furthermore, in certain implementations, less than or more than the operations described may be performed.

[00162] The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "serving as an example, instance, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. The terms "computing device," "user device," "communication station," "station," "handheld device," "mobile device," "wireless device" and "user equipment" (UE) as used herein refers to a wireless communication device such as a cellular telephone, a smartphone, a tablet, a netbook, a wireless terminal, a laptop computer, a femtocell, a high data rate (HDR) subscriber station, an access point, a printer, a point of sale device, an access terminal, or other personal communication system (PCS) device. The device may be either mobile or stationary.

[00163] As used within this document, the term "communicate" is intended to include transmitting, or receiving, or both transmitting and receiving. This may be particularly useful in claims when describing the organization of data that is being transmitted by one device and received by another, but only the functionality of one of those devices is required to infringe the claim. Similarly, the bidirectional exchange of data between two devices (both devices transmit and receive during the exchange) may be described as "communicating," when only the functionality of one of those devices is being claimed. The term "communicating" as used herein with respect to a wireless communication signal includes transmitting the wireless communication signal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal. For example, a wireless communication unit, which is capable of communicating a wireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter to transmit the wireless communication signal to at least one other wireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver to receive the wireless communication signal from at least one other wireless communication unit.

[00164] As used herein, unless otherwise specified, the use of the ordinal adjectives "first," "second," "third," etc., to describe a common object, merely indicates that different instances of like objects are being referred to and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

[00165] The term "access point" (AP) as used herein may be a fixed station. An access point may also be referred to as an access node, a base station, an evolved node B (eNodeB), or some other similar terminology known in the art. An access terminal may also be called a mobile station, user equipment (UE), a wireless communication device, or some other similar terminology known in the art. Embodiments disclosed herein generally pertain to wireless networks. Some embodiments may relate to wireless networks that operate in accordance with one of the IEEE 802.11 standards.

[00166] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a personal computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an onboard device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non- vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non- mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless access point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio- video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a wireless video area network (WVAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a personal area network (PAN), a wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

[00167] Some embodiments may be used in conj unction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a personal communication system (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) transceiver or device, a single input multiple output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a multiple input single output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, digital video broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi- standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a smartphone, a wireless application protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

[00168] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems following one or more wireless communication protocols, for example, radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), time-division multiplexing (TDM), time-division multiple access (TDM A), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi- tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, global positioning system (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee, ultra- wideband (UWB), global system for mobile communications (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, fifth generation (5G) mobile networks, 3 GPP, long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, enhanced data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems, and/or networks.

[00169] Example 1 may include a device comprising memory and processing circuitry configured to: identify a signal received from an incumbent device; determine one or more measurements of the signal; cause to send the one or more measurements to the registry device; cause to send an access request to access a channel within a frequency band associated with the incumbent device; and identify and access response based on the one or more measurements.

[00170] Example 2 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the one or more measurements comprise a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a received signal strength indicator (RSSI).

[00171] Example 3 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the signal may be a global positioning system (GPS) signal.

[00172] Example 4 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and the processing circuitry are further configured to send a location of the device to the registry device.

[00173] Example 5 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency band may be a 6 GHz band.

[00174] Example 6 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a denial to access the channel based on determining an interference level above a threshold level.

[00175] Example 7 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a grant to access the channel based on determining an interference level below a threshold level.

[00176] Example 8 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response may include a time when the device may be allowed to access the channel.

[00177] Example 9 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to cause to send signal measurements periodically to the registry device.

[00178] Example 10 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and the processing circuitry are further configured to: determine a high efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) field having a first portion and a second portion; determine a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the incumbent device on a first channel of the frequency band; cause to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a second channel not occupied by the incumbent device; and cause to send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B on a third channel not occupied by the incumbent device.

[00179] Example 11 may include the device of example 1 and/or some other example herein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

[00180] Example 12 may include the device of example 11 and/or some other example herein, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.

[00181] Example 13 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which when executed by one or more processors result in performing operations comprising: detecting a point-to-point link between a first fixed service device and a second fixed service device; determining first information associated with the first fixed service device and second information associated with the second fixed service device, wherein the first information and the second information are received from the registry device; determining a maximum transmit power based on the first information and the second information; comparing the maximum transmit power to a predetermined threshold; and accessing a first channel within a frequency band associated with the first fixed service device and the second fixed service device based on the comparison.

[00182] Example 14 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 13 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first information comprises at least one of a center frequency, a bandwidth, a transmit power used by the first fixed service device, the maximum allowed received power calculated on the bandwidth or the maximum received power per megahertz on the bandwidth.

[00183] Example 15 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 13 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise: causing to set a center frequency and a bandwidth to a Wi-Fi channel overlapping the first channel; measure a received power from the second fixed service device; and determine a maximum transmit power based on the measured received power.

[00184] Example 16 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 14 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise: determine a path loss with the second fixed service device; and determine the maximum transmit power may be less than the path loss.

[00185] Example 17 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 13 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency band may be a 6 GHz band. [00186] Example 18 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 13 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise: determining a high efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) field having a first portion and a second portion; causing to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a first channel not occupied by the first fixed device; and causing to send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B on a second channel not occupied by the first fixed device.

[00187] Example 19 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 13 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise determining a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the first fixed device on a third channel of the frequency band.

[00188] Example 20 may include a method comprising: identifying a signal received from an incumbent device; determining one or more measurements of the signal; causing to send the one or more measurements to the registry device; causing to send an access request to access a channel within a frequency band associated with the incumbent device; and identifying and access response based on the one or more measurements.

[00189] Example 21 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the one or more measurements comprise a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a received signal strength indicator (RSSI).

[00190] Example 22 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the signal may be a global positioning system (GPS) signal.

[00191] Example 23 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, further comprising sending a location of a device to the registry device.

[00192] Example 24 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency band may be a 6 GHz band.

[00193] Example 25 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a denial to access the channel based on determining an interference level above a threshold level.

[00194] Example 26 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a grant to access the channel based on determining an interference level below a threshold level.

[00195] Example 27 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response may include a time when the device may be allowed to access the channel. [00196] Example 28 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, further comprising causing to send signal measurements periodically to the registry device.

[00197] Example 29 may include the method of example 20 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: determining a high efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) field having a first portion and a second portion; determining a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the incumbent device on a first channel of the frequency band; causing to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a second channel not occupied by the incumbent device; and causing to send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B on a third channel not occupied by the incumbent device.

[00198] Example 30 may include an apparatus comprising means for performing a method as claimed in any one of examples 20-29.

[00199] Example 31 may include a system comprising at least one memory device having programmed instruction that, in response to execution cause at least one processor to perform the method of any one of examples 20-29.

[00200] Example 32 may include a machine readable medium including code, when executed, to cause a machine to perform the method of any one of examples 20-29.

[00201] Example 33 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which when executed by one or more processors result in performing operations comprising: identifying a signal received from an incumbent device; determining one or more measurements of the signal; causing to send the one or more measurements to the registry device; causing to send an access request to access a channel within a frequency band associated with the incumbent device; and identifying and access response based on the one or more measurements.

[00202] Example 34 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 33 and/or some other example herein, wherein the one or more measurements comprise a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a received signal strength indicator (RSSI).

[00203] Example 35 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 33 and/or some other example herein, wherein the signal may be a global positioning system (GPS) signal.

[00204] Example 36 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 33 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise sending a location of the device to the registry device. [00205] Example 37 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 33 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency band may be a 6 GHz band.

[00206] Example 38 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 33 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a denial to access the channel based on determining an interference level above a threshold level.

[00207] Example 39 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 33 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a grant to access the channel based on determining an interference level below a threshold level.

[00208] Example 40 may include the non-transitory computer-readable medium of example 33 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response may include a time when the device may be allowed to access the channel.

[00209] Example 41 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 33 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise sending signal measurements periodically to the registry device.

[00210] Example 42 may include the non- transitory computer-readable medium of example 33 and/or some other example herein, wherein the operations further comprise: determining a high efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) field having a first portion and a second portion; determining a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the incumbent device on a first channel of the frequency band; causing to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a second channel not occupied by the incumbent device; and causing to send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B on a third channel not occupied by the incumbent device.

[00211] Example 43 may include an apparatus comprising means for identifying a signal received from an incumbent device; means for determining one or more measurements of the signal; means for causing to send the one or more measurements to the registry device; means for causing to send an access request to access a channel within a frequency band associated with the incumbent device; and means for identifying and access response based on the one or more measurements.

[00212] Example 44 may include the apparatus of example 43 and/or some other example herein, wherein the one or more measurements comprise a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a received signal strength indicator (RSSI).

[00213] Example 45 may include the apparatus of example 43 and/or some other example herein, wherein the signal may be a global positioning system (GPS) signal. [00214] Example 46 may include the apparatus of example 43 and/or some other example herein, further comprising means for sending a location of the device to the registry device.

[00215] Example 47 may include the apparatus of example 43 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency band may be a 6 GHz band.

[00216] Example 48 may include the apparatus of example 43 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a denial to access the channel based on determining an interference level above a threshold level.

[00217] Example 49 may include the apparatus of example 43 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a grant to access the channel based on determining an interference level below a threshold level.

[00218] Example 50 may include the apparatus of example 43 and/or some other example herein, wherein the access response may include a time when the device may be allowed to access the channel.

[00219] Example 51 may include the apparatus of example 43 and/or some other example herein, further comprising means for causing to send signal measurements periodically to the registry device.

[00220] Example 52 may include the apparatus of example 43 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: means for determining a high efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) field having a first portion and a second portion; means for determining a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the incumbent device on a first channel of the frequency band; means for causing to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a second channel not occupied by the incumbent device; and means for causing to send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B on a third channel not occupied by the incumbent device.

[00221] Example 53 may include a device comprising memory and processing circuitry configured to: detect a point-to-point link between a first fixed service device and a second fixed service device; determine first information associated with the first fixed service device and second information associated with the second fixed service device, wherein the first information and the second information are received from the registry device; determine a maximum transmit power based on the first information and the second information; compare the maximum transmit power to a predetermined threshold; and access a first channel within a frequency band associated with the first fixed service device and the second fixed service device based on the comparison.

[00222] Example 54 may include the device of example 54 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first information comprises at least one of a center frequency, a bandwidth, a transmit power used by the first fixed service device, the maximum allowed received power calculated on the bandwidth or the maximum received power per megahertz on the bandwidth.

[00223] Example 55 may include the device of example 54 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to: cause to set a center frequency and a bandwidth to a Wi-Fi channel overlapping the first channel; measure a received power from the second fixed service device; and determine a maximum transmit power based on the measured received power.

[00224] Example 56 may include the device of example 54 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to: determine a path loss with the second fixed service device; and determine the maximum transmit power may be less than the path loss.

[00225] Example 57 may include the device of example 54 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency band may be a 6 GHz band.

[00226] Example 58 may include the device of example 54 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to: determine a high efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) field having a first portion and a second portion; cause to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a first channel not occupied by the first fixed device; and cause to send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B on a second channel not occupied by the first fixed device.

[00227] Example 59 may include the device of example 54 and/or some other example herein, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to determine a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the first fixed device on a third channel of the frequency band.

[00228] Example 60 may include the device of example 54 and/or some other example herein, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

[00229] Example 61 may include the device of example 60 and/or some other example herein, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.

[00230] Example 62 may include a method comprising: detecting a point-to-point link between a first fixed service device and a second fixed service device; determining first information associated with the first fixed service device and second information associated with the second fixed service device, wherein the first information and the second information are received from the registry device; determining a maximum transmit power based on the first information and the second information; comparing the maximum transmit power to a predetermined threshold; and accessing a first channel within a frequency band associated with the first fixed service device and the second fixed service device based on the comparison.

[00231] Example 63 may include the method of example 62 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first information comprises at least one of a center frequency, a bandwidth, a transmit power used by the first fixed service device, the maximum allowed received power calculated on the bandwidth or the maximum received power per megahertz on the bandwidth.

[00232] Example 64 may include the method of example 62 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: causing to set a center frequency and a bandwidth to a Wi-Fi channel overlapping the first channel; measure a received power from the second fixed service device; and determine a maximum transmit power based on the measured received power.

[00233] Example 65 may include the method of example 63 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: determine a path loss with the second fixed service device; and determine the maximum transmit power may be less than the path loss.

[00234] Example 66 may include the method of example 62 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency band may be a 6 GHz band.

[00235] Example 67 may include the method of example 62 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: determining a high efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) field having a first portion and a second portion; causing to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a first channel not occupied by the first fixed device; and causing to send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B on a second channel not occupied by the first fixed device.

[00236] Example 68 may include the method of example 62 and/or some other example herein, further comprising determining a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the first fixed device on a third channel of the frequency band.

[00237] Example 69 may include an apparatus comprising means for performing a method as claimed in any one of examples 62-68.

[00238] Example 70 may include a system comprising at least one memory device having programmed instruction that, in response to execution cause at least one processor to perform the method of any one of examples 62-68.

[00239] Example 71 may include a machine readable medium including code, when executed, to cause a machine to perform the method of any one of examples 62-68.

[00240] Example 72 may include an apparatus comprising means for detecting a point-to- point link between a first fixed service device and a second fixed service device; means for determining first information associated with the first fixed service device and second information associated with the second fixed service device, wherein the first information and the second information are received from the registry device; means for determining a maximum transmit power based on the first information and the second information; means for comparing the maximum transmit power to a predetermined threshold; and means for accessing a first channel within a frequency band associated with the first fixed service device and the second fixed service device based on the comparison.

[00241] Example 73 may include the apparatus of example 72 and/or some other example herein, wherein the first information comprises at least one of a center frequency, a bandwidth, a transmit power used by the first fixed service device, the maximum allowed received power calculated on the bandwidth or the maximum received power per megahertz on the bandwidth.

[00242] Example 74 may include the apparatus of example 72 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: means for causing to set a center frequency and a bandwidth to a Wi-Fi channel overlapping the first channel; means for measure a received power from the second fixed service device; and means for determine a maximum transmit power based on the measured received power.

[00243] Example 75 may include the apparatus of example 72 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: means for determining a path loss with the second fixed service device; and means for determining the maximum transmit power may be less than the path loss.

[00244] Example 76 may include the apparatus of example 72 and/or some other example herein, wherein the frequency band may be a 6 GHz band.

[00245] Example 77 may include the apparatus of example 72 and/or some other example herein, further comprising: means for determining a high efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) field having a first portion and a second portion; means for causing to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a first channel not occupied by the first fixed device; and means for causing to send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B on a second channel not occupied by the first fixed device.

[00246] Example 78 may include the apparatus of example 72 and/or some other example herein, further comprising means for determining a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the first fixed device on a third channel of the frequency band.

[00247] Example 79 may include an apparatus comprising means for performing a method as claimed in any of the preceding examples.

[00248] Example 80 may include a machine-readable storage including machine -readable instructions, when executed, to implement a method as claimed in any preceding example. [00249] Example 81 may include a machine-readable storage including machine -readable instructions, when executed, to implement a method or realize an apparatus as claimed in any preceding example.

[00250] Example 82 may include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-81, or any other method or process described herein

[00251] Example 83 may include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, and/or circuitry to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of examples 1-81, or any other method or process described herein.

[00252] Example 84 may include a method, technique, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-81, or portions or parts thereof.

[00253] Example 85 may include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method, techniques, or process as described in or related to any of examples 1-81, or portions thereof.

[00254] Example 86 may include a method of communicating in a wireless network as shown and described herein.

[00255] Example 87 may include a system for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[00256] Example 88 may include a device for providing wireless communication as shown and described herein.

[00257] Embodiments according to the disclosure are in particular disclosed in the attached claims directed to a method, a storage medium, a device and a computer program product, wherein any feature mentioned in one claim category, e.g., method, can be claimed in another claim category, e.g., system, as well. The dependencies or references back in the attached claims are chosen for formal reasons only. However, any subject matter resulting from a deliberate reference back to any previous claims (in particular multiple dependencies) can be claimed as well, so that any combination of claims and the features thereof are disclosed and can be claimed regardless of the dependencies chosen in the attached claims. The subject- matter which can be claimed comprises not only the combinations of features as set out in the attached claims but also any other combination of features in the claims, wherein each feature mentioned in the claims can be combined with any other feature or combination of other features in the claims. Furthermore, any of the embodiments and features described or depicted herein can be claimed in a separate claim and/or in any combination with any embodiment or feature described or depicted herein or with any of the features of the attached claims.

[00258] The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.

[00259] Certain aspects of the disclosure are described above with reference to block and flow diagrams of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or computer program products according to various implementations. It will be understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and the flow diagrams, respectively, may be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Likewise, some blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams may not necessarily need to be performed in the order presented, or may not necessarily need to be performed at all, according to some implementations.

[00260] Certain aspects of the disclosure are described above with reference to block and flow diagrams of systems, methods, apparatuses, and/or computer program products according to various implementations. It will be understood that one or more blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and the flow diagrams, respectively, may be implemented by computer-executable program instructions. Likewise, some blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams may not necessarily need to be performed in the order presented, or may not necessarily need to be performed at all, according to some implementations.

[00261] These computer-executable program instructions may be loaded onto a special- purpose computer or other particular machine, a processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a particular machine, such that the instructions that execute on the computer, processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage media or memory that may direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage media produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. As an example, certain implementations may provide for a computer program product, comprising a computer- readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code or program instructions implemented therein, said computer-readable program code adapted to be executed to implement one or more functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational elements or steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process such that the instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide elements or steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow diagram block or blocks.

[00262] Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flow diagrams support combinations of means for performing the specified functions, combinations of elements or steps for performing the specified functions and program instruction means for performing the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flow diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flow diagrams, may be implemented by special-purpose, hardware-based computer systems that perform the specified functions, elements or steps, or combinations of special-purpose hardware and computer instructions.

[00263] Conditional language, such as, among others, "can," "could," "might," or "may," unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain implementations could include, while other implementations do not include, certain features, elements, and/or operations. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or operations are in any way required for one or more implementations or that one or more implementations necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without user input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or operations are included or are to be performed in any particular implementation.

[00264] Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forth herein will be apparent having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific implementations disclosed and that modifications and other implementations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A device, the device comprising memory and processing circuitry configured to:

identify a signal received from an incumbent device;

determine one or more measurements of the signal;

cause to send the one or more measurements to the registry device; cause to send an access request to access a channel within a frequency band associated with the incumbent device; and

identify an access response received from the registry device.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the one or more measurements comprise at least one of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a received signal strength indicator (RSSI).

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the signal is a global positioning system (GPS) signal.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the memory and the processing circuitry are further configured to send an indication of a location of the device to the registry device.

5. The device of claim 1, wherein the frequency band is a 6 GHz band.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a denial to access the channel.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a grant to access the channel.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein the access response includes a time when the device is allowed to access the channel.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the memory and processing circuitry are further configured to cause to send signal measurements periodically to the registry device.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the memory and the processing circuitry are further configured to:

determine a high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) field having a first portion and a second portion;

determine a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the incumbent device on a first channel of the frequency band;

cause to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a second channel not occupied by the incumbent device; and

cause to send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a third channel not occupied by the incumbent device.

11. The device of any one of claims 1 to 10, further comprising a transceiver configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

12. The device of claim 11, further comprising one or more antennas coupled to the transceiver.

13. A non- transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions which when executed by one or more processors result in performing operations comprising:

detecting a point-to-point link between a first fixed service device and a second fixed service device;

determining first information associated with the first fixed service device and second information associated with the second fixed service device, wherein the first information and the second information are received from the registry device; determining a maximum transmit power based on the first information and the second information;

comparing the maximum transmit power to a predetermined threshold; and accessing a first channel within a frequency band associated with the first fixed service device and the second fixed service device based on the comparison.

14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the first information comprises at least one of a center frequency, a bandwidth, a transmit power used by the first fixed service device, the maximum allowed received power calculated on the bandwidth or the maximum received power per megahertz on the bandwidth.

15. The non- transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:

causing to set a center frequency and a bandwidth to a Wi-Fi channel overlapping the first channel;

measuring a received power from the second fixed service device; and

determining a maximum transmit power based on the measured received power.

16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 14, wherein the operations further comprise:

determining a path loss with the second fixed service device; and

determining the maximum transmit power is less than the path loss.

17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the frequency band is a 6 GHz band.

18. The non- transitory computer-readable medium of claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise:

determining a high-efficiency signal B (HE-SIG-B) field having a first portion and a second portion;

causing to send the first portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a first channel not occupied by the first fixed device; and

causing to send the second portion of the HE-SIG-B field on a second channel not occupied by the first fixed device.

19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the operations further comprise determining a bitmap indicating resource units occupied by the first fixed device on a third channel of the frequency band.

20. A method comprising:

identifying a signal received from an incumbent device;

determining one or more measurements of the signal;

causing to send the one or more measurements to the registry device;

causing to send an access request to access a channel within a frequency band associated with the incumbent device; and

identifying an access response received from the registry device.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the one or more measurements comprise at least one of a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or a received signal strength indicator (RSSI).

22. The method of claim 20, wherein the signal is a global positioning system (GPS) signal.

23. The method of claim 20, further comprising sending an indication of a location of a device to the registry device.

24. The method of claim 20, wherein the frequency band is a 6 GHz band.

25. The method of any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the access response comprises an indication of a denial to access the channel.