WO2018210236A1 - Optical fiber pressure sensor, optical fiber pressure sensing system and method for pressure measurement - Google Patents

Optical fiber pressure sensor, optical fiber pressure sensing system and method for pressure measurement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018210236A1
WO2018210236A1 PCT/CN2018/086884 CN2018086884W WO2018210236A1 WO 2018210236 A1 WO2018210236 A1 WO 2018210236A1 CN 2018086884 W CN2018086884 W CN 2018086884W WO 2018210236 A1 WO2018210236 A1 WO 2018210236A1
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Prior art keywords
pressure
optical fiber
optical
sensing portion
pressure sensing
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PCT/CN2018/086884
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
朱梅冬
陆建鑫
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018210236A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018210236A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
    • G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means
    • G01L11/025—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means using a pressure-sensitive optical fibre
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L11/00—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00
    • G01L11/02—Measuring steady or quasi-steady pressure of a fluid or a fluent solid material by means not provided for in group G01L7/00 or G01L9/00 by optical means

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of sensing technology, for example, to a fiber optic pressure sensor, a fiber optic pressure sensing system, and a pressure measurement method.
  • sensors based on electrical principles are widely used, such as piezoresistive sensors, capacitive sensors, and ultrasonic sensors.
  • sensors based on electrical principles
  • other high-risk liquids such as flammable and explosive, and highly corrosive liquids
  • the optical fiber pressure sensor uses light as the carrier and optical fiber as the medium to sense and transmit the external pressure signal. It has the advantages of small volume, light weight, long transmission distance, strong electrical insulation and anti-electromagnetic interference. At the same time, the sensor can withstand extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure and strong shock and vibration, and is suitable for pressure detection in environments such as flammable, explosive, high temperature and high pressure.
  • the present application provides a fiber optic pressure sensor, a fiber optic pressure sensing system, and a pressure measuring method to solve the problem that the fiber optic pressure sensor in the related art is active and inconvenient to use.
  • the present application provides a fiber optic pressure sensor comprising: a pressure sensing portion on an optical fiber, and a reflecting device at one end of the optical fiber, the reflecting device comprising a first reflecting device, the pressure sensing portion passing through the optical fiber Connected to the first reflecting device, wherein:
  • the pressure sensing portion is configured to conduct a pressure to the optical fiber, the pressure causing loss of a measurement signal transmitted on the optical fiber during passage through the pressure sensing portion;
  • the first reflecting means is arranged to reflect the measurement signal to determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion.
  • the fiber optic pressure sensor further includes: a beam splitter; wherein the reflecting device further comprises a second reflecting device;
  • a first output end of the beam splitter is connected to a first end of the pressure sensing portion via the optical fiber, and a second end of the pressure sensing portion is connected to the first reflecting device through the optical fiber as the The optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located;
  • a second output end of the optical splitter is connected to the second reflecting device through the optical fiber as a reference optical path;
  • the difference between the length of the optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located and the length of the reference optical path is greater than the signal width of the measurement signal.
  • the fiber optic pressure sensor further comprises:
  • At least one dimmable attenuating device is disposed on at least one of the following:
  • a first end of the dimmable attenuating device is connected to the optical splitter through the optical fiber, and the dimming The second end of the attenuation device is connected to the second reflecting device through the optical fiber;
  • the dimming attenuating device is disposed on an optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located, a first end of the dimmable attenuating device is connected to the beam splitter through the optical fiber, the dimming light A second end of the attenuation device is coupled to the first end of the pressure sensing portion by the optical fiber.
  • the beam splitter is:
  • the reflecting device is:
  • Fiber grating type reflector
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides an optical fiber pressure sensing system, including a light measuring device and at least one optical fiber pressure sensor provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • the light measuring device is configured to transmit a measurement signal of the measured pressure, and receive the reflected measurement signal, and determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion in the optical fiber pressure sensor according to the reflected measurement signal.
  • the system further includes a multi-output splitter, the input end of the multi-output splitter is connected to the optical measuring device, and each output end of the multi-output splitter is connected to a Fiber optic pressure sensor;
  • the optical measuring device, one of the multiple output splitters, and one of the optical fiber pressure sensors are sequentially connected as a branch optical path, and the total length difference of each of the two branched optical paths is greater than the first setting Value.
  • the system further includes: at least two optical splitters; the at least two optical splitters are serially connected, and the first one of the at least two optical splitters connected in series passes the optical fiber and the light Measuring device connection, each output end of the next-stage splitter not connected to a fiber optic pressure sensor through the optical fiber;
  • the difference between the total lengths of the optical paths of each of the two optical fiber pressure sensors is greater than the second set value.
  • each of the at least two optical splitters is an unequal splitter
  • the unequal splitter is configured to divide the optical path into an optical path with a small insertion loss and an optical path with a large insertion loss.
  • the first output end of the unequal splitter is connected to the next An input end of the grading splitter, wherein the second output end of the unequal splitter is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor in the optical path with large insertion loss.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a pressure measurement method, including:
  • the pressure sensor includes a pressure sensing portion on the optical fiber, and a reflective device at one end of the optical fiber, the reflective device including a first reflective device, the pressure sensing portion passing The optical fiber is coupled to the first reflective device, the pressure sensing portion configured to conduct a pressure to the optical fiber, the pressure causing a measurement signal transmitted on the optical fiber to pass through the pressure sensing portion Loss occurs, the first reflecting means being arranged to reflect the measurement signal to determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion;
  • a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion is determined based on a measurement signal reflected back through the pressure sensor.
  • the optical fiber pressure sensor, the optical fiber pressure sensing system and the pressure measuring method provided by the embodiments of the present application reflect the test signal of the measured pressure back by using a reflecting device, and are received by the receiving system in the transmitting test signal device, and pass the reflected signal
  • the light intensity determines the pressure in the pressure sensing part.
  • the fiber pressure sensor does not contain active components and can be used independently in a hazardous environment. It does not need to be used with an explosion-proof device, and has a wide range of applications and low cost of use.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an optical fiber pressure sensor according to an embodiment
  • 2a is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of a pressure sensing portion of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 3 is a reflection graph of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a pressure comparison diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a reflection graph of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a reflection curve diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensing system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensing system according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 11 is a reflection graph of a fiber optic pressure sensing system according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensing system according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • 13 is a reflection graph of a fiber optic pressure sensing system according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a pressure measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an optical path of an optical fiber pressure sensor in an embodiment.
  • the light path is transmitted in one direction, and light enters from one end of the pressure sensing portion and exits from the other end of the pressure sensing portion, and the magnitude of the pressure is determined by measuring the intensity of the received light.
  • the pressure sensor is active and requires an explosion-proof device to be applied.
  • a fiber optic pressure sensor includes: a pressure sensing portion 201 on an optical fiber, and a reflecting device 202 at one end of the optical fiber, and the reflecting device 202 includes a first reflecting device.
  • the pressure sensing portion is coupled to the first reflecting device by the optical fiber, wherein:
  • the pressure sensing portion 201 is configured to conduct a pressure to the optical fiber that causes loss of the measurement signal transmitted on the optical fiber during passage through the pressure sensing portion;
  • a first reflecting means is arranged to reflect the measurement signal to determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion.
  • the fiber optic pressure sensor does not contain active components and can be used independently in hazardous environments. It does not need to be used with explosion-proof devices, and has a wide range of applications and low cost of use.
  • the pressure sensing portion 201 in the embodiment of the present application may use a microbend structure.
  • the microbend structure includes a pair of toothed plates of mechanical period A, the fibers passing through the middle of the toothed plates and periodically bending under the force F of the toothed plates.
  • the degree of microbend of the optical fiber changes, resulting in a change in the optical power of the output.
  • the magnitude of the external pressure is indirectly measured by the change in optical power detected by the photodetector.
  • the displacement of the deformer proportional to the optical carrier strength can be determined and the magnitude of the pressure determined.
  • a test pulse is sent at one end of the fiber, and a reflection peak can be received by the action of the reflection device.
  • the peak value of the reflection peak when no pressure is obtained is tested in advance, and the peak value of the reflection peak when the pressure is monitored is monitored. By calculating the difference in the peak value of the reflected peak (after taking the logarithm log), the actual pressure value can be calculated. If there is a connector, the connector may also produce a reflection peak. This reflection peak has no meaning and can be ignored.
  • the connector acts as a pressure sensor node for measuring pressure.
  • a large number of pressure sensor nodes can be connected through an Optical Distribution Network (ODN), and a measurement signal is transmitted by a light measuring device (such as an optical time domain reflectometer OTDR), and then all reflected signals in the optical path are received, and the reflected signals are identified. And data processing, you can know the pressure value of each pressure sensor node.
  • the measurement signal may be a test pulse or a test sequence, and the test sequence may be a pseudo random code or a complementary code.
  • the reflecting device can be:
  • Fiber grating type reflector
  • the fiber optic pressure sensor does not have any electrical related control circuit and electrical interface, nor has a light source and a photodiode, and is a passive sensor.
  • the test light pulse is incident on the optical fiber from the c-end, and the c-end may be a reserved connector or a small-length bare fiber for fusion.
  • the exiting light b end is connected to the reflecting means, and the reflecting means may be a coating type reflector or a fiber grating type reflector.
  • the pressure value can be obtained by the relationship between the pressure f and the light intensity difference ⁇ p in Fig. 4 .
  • the relationship between pressure and light intensity can be provided by the manufacturer of the pressure sensing section.
  • the optical fiber pressure sensor of the first embodiment is suitable for a scenario where the accuracy of the stress test is not high.
  • the optical network is relatively stable, that is, the optical path loss between the optical measuring device and the sensor node is relatively stable.
  • the intensity of the reflected signal is affected by factors such as the length of the fiber, the connector, and the stability of the light source, and the reflection intensity is also affected.
  • the following embodiments of the present application provide the following alternatives.
  • a reference reflected light can be added, and the intensity of the reference reflected light also dynamically changes along with the above factors. If the applied pressure is constant, the ratio between the intensity of the reference reflected light and the reflected light intensity after passing through the pressure sensing portion (the difference after the logarithm log) does not dynamically change with the above factors, that is, the above ratio The size only changes with pressure.
  • the 1 ⁇ 2 splitter can be used for splitting, and one branch is directly added with a reflector. The light intensity of the reflected light is used as the light intensity of the reference reflected light, and the other branch is used for the reflection of the sensor. . On the optical path, the distance difference between the reflectors of the two branches to the 1 ⁇ 2 splitter is sufficiently large, at least greater than the length of the test pulse width in the fiber to avoid overlapping of the reflected peaks and difficult to distinguish.
  • the fiber optic pressure sensor further includes: a beam splitter 203;
  • the reflecting device 202 further comprises a second reflecting device
  • the first output end of the beam splitter 203 is connected to the first end of the pressure sensing portion 201 through an optical fiber, and the second end of the pressure sensing portion 201 is connected to the first reflecting device through the optical fiber as the optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located;
  • the second output end of the beam splitter 203 is connected to the second reflecting device through the optical fiber as a reference optical path;
  • the difference between the length of the optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located and the length of the reference optical path is greater than the signal width of the measurement signal.
  • the signal width may be the pulse width of the pulse signal, and when the measurement signal is a measurement sequence, the signal width may be the symbol width of the measurement sequence.
  • point c is the fiber connector
  • point a is the reference reflection position point
  • the reflection device is added
  • point b is the reflection position of the sensor, and the reflection device is added.
  • the test light pulse enters from point c, passes through the beam splitter (eg 20%: 80%) to point a and point b, returns to point c after reflection, and produces two reflection peaks at point c.
  • the coordinate axis in Fig. 6 indicates the relationship between the distance and the light intensity. It is assumed that the distance from point c to point a is L, and the distance from point c to point b is M. In order to make the two reflection peaks do not overlap,
  • is greater than the test. The distance of the pulse width.
  • point c Since point c is a connector, there is another reflection peak. When the height of the reflection peak is not much different from the adjacent reflection peak, the measurement accuracy may be affected. In this case, the value of L is also greater than the distance of the test pulse width. Avoid overlapping reflection peaks. Point c can be a fusion point, so there will be no more reflection peaks, and there is no requirement for L.
  • the ordinate in Fig. 6 represents the light intensity (power, the value after logarithm log), p0 represents the difference in light intensity between the two reflection peaks without pressure, and (p0 + ⁇ p) is the difference in light intensity when there is pressure.
  • ⁇ p is the difference between the intensity of light when there is pressure and when there is no pressure. The relationship between ⁇ p and pressure gives the pressure value.
  • p0 can be positive (reference reflection peak is higher than sensor reflection peak when no pressure), or negative value (reference reflection peak is lower than sensorless reflection peak when no pressure), point a and point b
  • the positions can also be interchanged (ie, the length of the reference reflection branch can be longer than the sensing branch).
  • the spectroscope used can be either an aliquot splitter or a non-divided splitter.
  • the pressure sensor in the second embodiment calculates the pressure value by obtaining ⁇ p, and reads p0+ ⁇ p from the reflection curve, and the p0 value needs to be known in advance.
  • the value of p0 has been determined when the sensor is completed, and the p0 value can be given when the sensor is shipped. Since the process error is inevitable in the processing of the sensor, the p0 value of each sensor may be different.
  • a dimming attenuation device is added on the light reflection branch set as a reference, which is connected in series between the beam splitter and the reflection device, and the dimming attenuation device functions as P0 is adjusted to 0 dB, that is, when there is no pressure, the heights of the two reflection peaks are the same. At this time, the difference between the two reflection peaks is ⁇ p, and it is not necessary to know the value of p0 in advance.
  • the dimmable attenuating device can be connected in series to any branch after the beam splitter. When there is no pressure, a branch corresponding to a relatively high reflection peak of the two reflection peaks is added to the light attenuating device. It is also possible to connect a dimming attenuating device in series with the two branches.
  • the p0 value of each sensor node can be adjusted to 0 dB, or can be adjusted to a fixed value.
  • the optical fiber pressure sensor further includes:
  • At least one dimmable attenuating device 204 is disposed on at least one of the following:
  • the ordinate indicates the light intensity (power, the value after logarithm log)
  • p0 indicates the difference in light intensity between the two reflection peaks when there is no pressure
  • (p0 + ⁇ p) is when there is pressure.
  • the difference in light intensity, ⁇ p is the difference between the intensity of light when there is pressure and when there is no pressure.
  • the relationship between ⁇ p and pressure gives the pressure value. Since the p0 value is fixed, ⁇ p can be obtained directly by the difference between the two reflection peaks.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a fiber optic pressure sensing system for performing a stress test.
  • the optical fiber pressure sensing system includes a light measuring device 902 and a fiber optic pressure sensor 901 provided by the embodiment of the present application;
  • the light measuring device 902 is configured to transmit a measurement signal of the measured pressure, and receive the reflected measurement signal, and determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion in the optical fiber pressure sensor according to the reflected measurement signal.
  • the light measuring device 902 can also be connected to the monitoring machine room, and the monitoring machine room can realize the calculation, statistics and monitoring functions of the pressure value.
  • the optical fiber pressure sensor 901 in this embodiment may adopt any one of the optical fiber pressure sensors of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment according to actual conditions.
  • the optical fiber pressure sensing system further includes:
  • At least two splitters 903 are connected in series, each of which is not connected to the output of the next-stage splitter 903, through which a fiber optic pressure sensor 901 is connected.
  • the difference between the total lengths of the optical paths of each of the two optical fiber pressure sensors is greater than the second set value.
  • each of the at least two beamsplitters 903 is an unequal splitter
  • the unequal splitter is configured to divide the optical path into an optical path with a small insertion loss and an optical path with a large insertion loss.
  • the first output end of the unequal splitter is connected to the next-stage splitting
  • the second output end of the unequal splitter is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor 901.
  • the input end of the optical splitter 903 is connected to the main fiber, and one branch of the two branches with a large insertion loss (5%) is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor 901, and the other (95%) is passed through a length of optical fiber, and then one is connected in series.
  • the optical splitter 903 is not equally divided, and the two branches of the unequal splitter 903 are connected in the same manner as the previous splitter, so that more fiber pressure sensors 901 can be connected.
  • the real-time reflection curve is tested by the light measuring device.
  • the fiber pressure sensor of the second embodiment a schematic diagram of the reflection curve is shown in FIG. 11, and each fiber pressure sensor corresponds to two reflection peaks, and each fiber pressure sensor is passed.
  • the difference ⁇ p of the reflection peak changes (P0 is not 0, the difference of the reflection peak is P0+ ⁇ P, P0 is known, ⁇ P can be obtained), and the pressure of each fiber pressure sensor can be calculated to realize multi-node real-time monitoring.
  • the reflection peaks cannot overlap on the reflection curve. If there are no other reflection peaks, the distance between the fiber pressure sensors is at least greater than the distance between the two reflection peaks plus one. Test the distance of the pulse width. If there are other reflections (such as connectors), you need to increase the distance to avoid, to ensure that there will be no overlap.
  • the difference between the total length of each of the two optical paths including the fiber optic pressure sensor is at least greater than the distance between the two reflection peaks plus the distance of one test pulse width, and if there are other reflections, each of the two optical paths including the fiber pressure sensor The difference between the total lengths is greater than the set value.
  • an aliquot splitter that is, 50%: 50% output ratio can be used. At this time, the fiber pressure sensor included in the system will be less. If the ODN is to support more sensor nodes, it can be used in combination with different splitting ratios.
  • the basic principle is that the closer the optical measuring device is, the larger the splitting ratio is, and the farther away from the optical measuring device, the split ratio is adopted. The smaller, up to 50%: 50%.
  • a star networking topology is adopted, and a 1 ⁇ n bisector splitter is used, and then each fiber pressure sensor is connected, n ⁇ 2.
  • the optical fiber pressure sensing system further includes:
  • a multi-output splitter 904 the input of the multi-output splitter 904 is connected to the optical measuring device 902, each output of the multi-output splitter 904 is connected to a fiber optic pressure sensor 901;
  • the optical measuring device, one of the multiple output splitters, and one of the optical fiber pressure sensors are sequentially connected as a branch optical path, and the total length difference of each of the two branched optical paths is greater than the first setting Value.
  • the optical fiber pressure sensor of the second embodiment When the optical fiber pressure sensor of the second embodiment is used, a schematic diagram of the reflection curve is shown in FIG. 13.
  • the distance between each of the optical fiber pressure sensors 901 to 1 ⁇ n bisectors cannot be the same.
  • the distance requirement is the same as in the fifth embodiment.
  • the 1 ⁇ n splitter may also be a non-divided splitter.
  • optical measuring device and the monitoring room in the fourth embodiment and the sixth embodiment can also be used as an optical module with built-in measurement function, and then remotely monitored and controlled by a networked method.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides a pressure measurement method, as shown in FIG. 14 , including:
  • Step S1401 sending a measurement signal to the pressure sensor, wherein the pressure sensor comprises a pressure sensing portion on the optical fiber, and a reflecting device at one end of the optical fiber, the reflecting device comprises a first reflecting device, and the pressure sensing portion passes through the optical fiber and the Connecting the first reflecting means, the pressure sensing portion is arranged to conduct a pressure to the optical fiber, the pressure causing loss of a measurement signal transmitted on the optical fiber during passage through the pressure sensing portion, the first A reflecting device is arranged to reflect the measurement signal to determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion.
  • Step S1402 Determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion based on a measurement signal reflected from the pressure sensor.
  • the pressure sensor further includes a beam splitter; the reflecting device further includes a second reflecting device; the first output end of the beam splitter is connected to the first end of the pressure sensing portion through the optical fiber, the pressure transmitting The second end of the sensing portion is connected to the first reflecting device through the optical fiber as an optical path of the pressure sensing portion, and the second output end of the optical splitter is connected to the second reflecting device through an optical fiber as a reference optical path.
  • the difference between the length of the optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located and the length of the reference optical path is greater than the signal width of the measurement signal.
  • Step S1420 includes:
  • the pressure value of the pressure sensing portion is determined based on two measurement signals reflected back through the two optical paths of the pressure sensor.
  • the light pressure sensor, the optical fiber pressure sensing system and the pressure measuring method provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to the situation of the distributed optical fiber pressure sensing, and the real-time monitoring of a large number of pressure sensor nodes can resist the interference of the optical fiber link and improve The pressure measurement accuracy is passive, and there is no need to increase the explosion-proof device.
  • the light pressure sensor, the optical fiber pressure sensing system and the pressure measuring method provided by the disclosure can perform pressure test and do not contain active components, can be independently applied in a hazardous environment, and do not need to be used together with an explosion-proof device, and have wide application range. Low cost of use.

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Abstract

An optical fiber pressure sensor, an optical fiber pressure sensing system and the method for pressure measurement. The optical fiber pressure sensor comprises: a pressure sensing part (201) located on the optical fiber, and a reflection device (202) located on one end of the optical fiber, wherein the reflection device (202) comprises a first reflection device, and the pressure sensing part (201) is connected to the first reflection device by means of the optical fiber; the pressure sensing part (201) is configured to transfer pressure to the optical fiber, and the pressure leads to the loss of measurement signals being transmitted on the optical fiber in the process of the signals passing over the pressure sensing part (201); and the first reflection device is configured to reflect the measurement signals so as to determine a pressure value for the pressure sensing part (201).

Description

光纤压力传感器、光纤压力传感系统及压力测量方法Fiber optic pressure sensor, fiber optic pressure sensing system and pressure measurement method 技术领域Technical field
本公开涉及传感技术领域，例如涉及一种光纤压力传感器、光纤压力传感系统及压力测量方法。The present disclosure relates to the field of sensing technology, for example, to a fiber optic pressure sensor, a fiber optic pressure sensing system, and a pressure measurement method.
背景技术Background technique
在工业生产及经营管理中，以电学原理为基础的传感器得到广泛的使用，例如：压阻式传感器、电容式传感器、以及超声波传感器等。但是，在对石油类液体、其他易燃易爆等高危险液体、以及强腐蚀液体进行压力测量时，则需要采用非电子的安全防爆型的压力传感器，以避免电火花可能会引起爆炸等危险情况的出现。In industrial production and management, sensors based on electrical principles are widely used, such as piezoresistive sensors, capacitive sensors, and ultrasonic sensors. However, in the case of pressure measurement of petroleum liquids, other high-risk liquids such as flammable and explosive, and highly corrosive liquids, it is necessary to use a non-electronic safety explosion-proof type pressure sensor to avoid the possibility that the electric spark may cause an explosion. The situation has arisen.
光纤压力传感器是以光为载体、光纤为媒介，感知和传输外界压力信号，具有体积小、重量轻、传输距离远，电绝缘性强、抗电磁干扰等优点。同时，该传感器可以承受高温、高压以及强烈的冲击与振动等极端条件，适用于易燃易爆、高温和高压等环境中的压力检测。The optical fiber pressure sensor uses light as the carrier and optical fiber as the medium to sense and transmit the external pressure signal. It has the advantages of small volume, light weight, long transmission distance, strong electrical insulation and anti-electromagnetic interference. At the same time, the sensor can withstand extreme conditions such as high temperature, high pressure and strong shock and vibration, and is suitable for pressure detection in environments such as flammable, explosive, high temperature and high pressure.
基于强度调制的传统光纤压力传感器，一般都是独立的一套测试系统，光路是单向的，包括光源(发光二极管LED或激光器)、光电二极管、压力传感部分、光纤等。测量时，可连续不间断的工作。但是，该压力传感器是有源的，需要有防爆装置才能应用，不便于使用。Traditional fiber optic pressure sensors based on intensity modulation are generally independent test systems. The optical path is unidirectional, including light sources (LEDs or lasers), photodiodes, pressure sensing parts, and optical fibers. Continuous measurement without interruption. However, the pressure sensor is active and requires an explosion-proof device to be applied, which is inconvenient to use.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请提供一种光纤压力传感器、光纤压力传感系统及压力测量方法，以解决相关技术中光纤压力传感器有源，不方便使用的问题。The present application provides a fiber optic pressure sensor, a fiber optic pressure sensing system, and a pressure measuring method to solve the problem that the fiber optic pressure sensor in the related art is active and inconvenient to use.
本申请提供一种光纤压力传感器，包括：位于光纤上的压力传感部分，和处于所述光纤一端的反射装置，所述反射装置包括第一反射装置，所述压力传 感部分通过所述光纤与所述第一反射装置连接，其中：The present application provides a fiber optic pressure sensor comprising: a pressure sensing portion on an optical fiber, and a reflecting device at one end of the optical fiber, the reflecting device comprising a first reflecting device, the pressure sensing portion passing through the optical fiber Connected to the first reflecting device, wherein:
所述压力传感部分，设置为向所述光纤传导压力，所述压力使得在所述光纤上传输的测量信号在经过所述压力传感部分的过程中出现损耗；The pressure sensing portion is configured to conduct a pressure to the optical fiber, the pressure causing loss of a measurement signal transmitted on the optical fiber during passage through the pressure sensing portion;
所述第一反射装置，设置为反射所述测量信号以确定所述压力传感部分的压力值。The first reflecting means is arranged to reflect the measurement signal to determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion.
一实施例中，该光纤压力传感器还包括：分光器；其中，所述反射装置还包括第二反射装置；In one embodiment, the fiber optic pressure sensor further includes: a beam splitter; wherein the reflecting device further comprises a second reflecting device;
所述分光器的第一输出端通过所述光纤连接所述压力传感部分的第一端，所述压力传感部分的第二端通过所述光纤连接所述第一反射装置，作为所述压力传感部分所在的光路；a first output end of the beam splitter is connected to a first end of the pressure sensing portion via the optical fiber, and a second end of the pressure sensing portion is connected to the first reflecting device through the optical fiber as the The optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located;
所述分光器的第二输出端通过所述光纤连接所述第二反射装置，作为参照光路；a second output end of the optical splitter is connected to the second reflecting device through the optical fiber as a reference optical path;
其中，所述压力传感部分所在的光路的长度和所述参照光路的长度的差值，大于所述测量信号的信号宽度。The difference between the length of the optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located and the length of the reference optical path is greater than the signal width of the measurement signal.
一实施例中，光纤压力传感器还包括：In an embodiment, the fiber optic pressure sensor further comprises:
至少一个可调光衰减装置，设置在下述至少一项上：At least one dimmable attenuating device is disposed on at least one of the following:
所述参照光路、以及所述压力传感部分所在的光路。The reference optical path and the optical path in which the pressure sensing portion is located.
一实施例中，在所述可调光衰减装置设置在所述参照光路上的情况下，所述可调光衰减装置的第一端通过所述光纤连接所述分光器，所述可调光衰减装置的第二端通过所述光纤连接所述第二反射装置；In an embodiment, in a case where the dimming attenuating device is disposed on the reference optical path, a first end of the dimmable attenuating device is connected to the optical splitter through the optical fiber, and the dimming The second end of the attenuation device is connected to the second reflecting device through the optical fiber;
在所述可调光衰减装置设置在所述压力传感部分所在的光路上的情况下，所述可调光衰减装置的第一端通过所述光纤连接所述分光器，所述可调光衰减装置的第二端通过所述光纤连接所述压力传感部分的第一端。In a case where the dimming attenuating device is disposed on an optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located, a first end of the dimmable attenuating device is connected to the beam splitter through the optical fiber, the dimming light A second end of the attenuation device is coupled to the first end of the pressure sensing portion by the optical fiber.
一实施例中，所述分光器为：In an embodiment, the beam splitter is:
等分分光器，或者不等分分光器；Alien splitter, or unequal splitter;
一实施例中，所述反射装置为：In one embodiment, the reflecting device is:
镀膜类型的反射器；或者Coating type reflector; or
光纤光栅类型的反射器；或者Fiber grating type reflector; or
反射镜。Reflector.
本申请实施例还提供一种光纤压力传感系统，包括光测量设备和至少一个本申请实施例提供的光纤压力传感器；The embodiment of the present application further provides an optical fiber pressure sensing system, including a light measuring device and at least one optical fiber pressure sensor provided by the embodiment of the present application;
所述光测量设备，设置为发送测量压力的测量信号，并接收反射回来的测量信号，根据所述反射回来的测量信号确定所述光纤压力传感器中所述压力传感部分的压力值。The light measuring device is configured to transmit a measurement signal of the measured pressure, and receive the reflected measurement signal, and determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion in the optical fiber pressure sensor according to the reflected measurement signal.
一实施例中，系统还包括一个多路输出的分光器，所述多路输出的分光器的输入端连接所述光测量设备，所述多路输出的分光器的每个输出端连接一个所述光纤压力传感器；In an embodiment, the system further includes a multi-output splitter, the input end of the multi-output splitter is connected to the optical measuring device, and each output end of the multi-output splitter is connected to a Fiber optic pressure sensor;
其中，所述光测量设备、所述多路输出的分光器的一路以及一个所述光纤压力传感器顺次连接作为一个分支光路，每两个所述分支光路的总长度之差均大于第一设定值。Wherein, the optical measuring device, one of the multiple output splitters, and one of the optical fiber pressure sensors are sequentially connected as a branch optical path, and the total length difference of each of the two branched optical paths is greater than the first setting Value.
一实施例中，系统还包括：至少两个分光器；所述至少两个分光器串行连接，串行连接的所述至少两个分光器中的第一个分光器通过光纤与所述光测量设备连接，每个未连接下一级分光器的输出端通过所述光纤连接一个光纤压力传感器；In one embodiment, the system further includes: at least two optical splitters; the at least two optical splitters are serially connected, and the first one of the at least two optical splitters connected in series passes the optical fiber and the light Measuring device connection, each output end of the next-stage splitter not connected to a fiber optic pressure sensor through the optical fiber;
其中，每两个包括光纤压力传感器的光路的总长度之差均大于第二设定值。Wherein, the difference between the total lengths of the optical paths of each of the two optical fiber pressure sensors is greater than the second set value.
一实施例中，所述至少两个分光器中的每个为不等分分光器；In one embodiment, each of the at least two optical splitters is an unequal splitter;
所述不等分分光器设置为将光路划分为插损小的光路和插损大的光路，在所述插损小的光路中，所述不等分分光器的第一输出端连接下一级分光器的输入端，在所述插损大的光路中，所述不等分分光器的第二输出端连接所述光纤压力传感器。The unequal splitter is configured to divide the optical path into an optical path with a small insertion loss and an optical path with a large insertion loss. In the optical path with small insertion loss, the first output end of the unequal splitter is connected to the next An input end of the grading splitter, wherein the second output end of the unequal splitter is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor in the optical path with large insertion loss.
本申请实施例还提供一种压力测量方法，包括：The embodiment of the present application further provides a pressure measurement method, including:
向压力传感器发送测量信号，其中，所述压力传感器包括位于光纤上的压 力传感部分，和处于所述光纤一端的反射装置，所述反射装置包括第一反射装置，所述压力传感部分通过所述光纤与所述第一反射装置连接，所述压力传感部分设置为向所述光纤传导压力，所述压力使得在所述光纤上传输的测量信号在经过所述压力传感部分的过程中出现损耗，所述第一反射装置设置为反射所述测量信号以确定所述压力传感部分的压力值；Transmitting a measurement signal to a pressure sensor, wherein the pressure sensor includes a pressure sensing portion on the optical fiber, and a reflective device at one end of the optical fiber, the reflective device including a first reflective device, the pressure sensing portion passing The optical fiber is coupled to the first reflective device, the pressure sensing portion configured to conduct a pressure to the optical fiber, the pressure causing a measurement signal transmitted on the optical fiber to pass through the pressure sensing portion Loss occurs, the first reflecting means being arranged to reflect the measurement signal to determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion;
根据经由所述压力传感器反射回来的测量信号，确定所述压力传感部分的压力值。A pressure value of the pressure sensing portion is determined based on a measurement signal reflected back through the pressure sensor.
本申请实施例提供的光纤压力传感器、光纤压力传感系统及压力测量方法，利用反射装置将测量压力的测试信号反射回去，由发送该测试信号装置中的接收系统接收，并通过该反射信号的光强确定压力传感部分的压力，该光纤压力传感器不包含有源器件，可以独立应用在危险环境中，不需要和防爆装置配合使用，适用范围广，使用成本低。The optical fiber pressure sensor, the optical fiber pressure sensing system and the pressure measuring method provided by the embodiments of the present application reflect the test signal of the measured pressure back by using a reflecting device, and are received by the receiving system in the transmitting test signal device, and pass the reflected signal The light intensity determines the pressure in the pressure sensing part. The fiber pressure sensor does not contain active components and can be used independently in a hazardous environment. It does not need to be used with an explosion-proof device, and has a wide range of applications and low cost of use.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1为一实施例中光纤压力传感器结构示意图；1 is a schematic structural view of an optical fiber pressure sensor according to an embodiment;
图2a为本申请一实施例提供的光纤压力传感器的结构示意图；2a is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2b为本申请一实施例提供的光纤压力传感器的压力传感部分的示意图；2b is a schematic diagram of a pressure sensing portion of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请一实施例提供的光纤压力传感器的反射曲线图；3 is a reflection graph of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请一实施例提供的光纤压力传感器的压力对照图；4 is a pressure comparison diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
图5为本申请另一实施例提供的光纤压力传感器的结构示意图；FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to another embodiment of the present application; FIG.
图6为本申请另一实施例提供的光纤压力传感器的反射曲线图；6 is a reflection graph of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to another embodiment of the present application;
图7为本申请又一实施例提供的光纤压力传感器的结构示意图；FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to another embodiment of the present application; FIG.
图8为本申请又一实施例提供的光纤压力传感器的反射曲线图；FIG. 8 is a reflection curve diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensor according to another embodiment of the present application; FIG.
图9为本申请一实施例提供的光纤压力传感系统的结构示意图；9 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensing system according to an embodiment of the present application;
图10为本申请另一实施例提供的光纤压力传感系统的结构示意图；FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensing system according to another embodiment of the present application; FIG.
图11为本申请一实施例提供的光纤压力传感系统的反射曲线图；11 is a reflection graph of a fiber optic pressure sensing system according to an embodiment of the present application;
图12为本申请又一实施例提供的光纤压力传感系统的结构示意图；12 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber optic pressure sensing system according to another embodiment of the present application;
图13为本申请另一实施例提供的光纤压力传感系统的反射曲线图；13 is a reflection graph of a fiber optic pressure sensing system according to another embodiment of the present application;
图14为本申请一实施例提供的压力测量方法的流程图。FIG. 14 is a flowchart of a pressure measurement method according to an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行描述。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
图1为一实施例中光纤压力传感器的光路示意图。光路是单向传输的，光从压力传感部分的一端进入，并从压力传感部分的另一端出来，通过测量接收到的光的强度来判断压力的大小。但是该压力传感器是有源的，需要有防爆装置才能应用。1 is a schematic view of an optical path of an optical fiber pressure sensor in an embodiment. The light path is transmitted in one direction, and light enters from one end of the pressure sensing portion and exits from the other end of the pressure sensing portion, and the magnitude of the pressure is determined by measuring the intensity of the received light. However, the pressure sensor is active and requires an explosion-proof device to be applied.
如图2a所示，本申请实施例提供的一种光纤压力传感器，包括：位于光纤上的压力传感部分201，和处于光纤一端的反射装置202，所述反射装置202包括第一反射装置，所述压力传感部分通过所述光纤与所述第一反射装置连接，其中：As shown in FIG. 2a, a fiber optic pressure sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a pressure sensing portion 201 on an optical fiber, and a reflecting device 202 at one end of the optical fiber, and the reflecting device 202 includes a first reflecting device. The pressure sensing portion is coupled to the first reflecting device by the optical fiber, wherein:
压力传感部分201，设置为向光纤传导压力，该压力使得在光纤上传输的测量信号在经过所述压力传感部分的过程中出现损耗；The pressure sensing portion 201 is configured to conduct a pressure to the optical fiber that causes loss of the measurement signal transmitted on the optical fiber during passage through the pressure sensing portion;
第一反射装置，设置为反射测量信号以确定所述压力传感部分的压力值。A first reflecting means is arranged to reflect the measurement signal to determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion.
该光纤压力传感器不包含有源器件，可以独立应用在危险环境中，不需要和防爆装置配合使用，适用范围广，使用成本低。The fiber optic pressure sensor does not contain active components and can be used independently in hazardous environments. It does not need to be used with explosion-proof devices, and has a wide range of applications and low cost of use.
本申请实施例中的压力传感部分201可以使用微弯结构。如图2b所示，微弯结构包括一对机械周期为A的齿形板，光纤从齿形板中间穿过，并在齿形板的作用力F下产生周期性的弯曲。当齿形板受外部扰动时，光纤的微弯程度发生变化，从而导致输出的光功率发生变化。通过光检测器检测到的光功率变化来间接测量外部压力的大小。一实施例中，通过对光载波强度的检测，就能确 定与光载波强度成比例的变形器的位移，并确定压力大小。The pressure sensing portion 201 in the embodiment of the present application may use a microbend structure. As shown in Fig. 2b, the microbend structure includes a pair of toothed plates of mechanical period A, the fibers passing through the middle of the toothed plates and periodically bending under the force F of the toothed plates. When the toothed plate is disturbed by the outside, the degree of microbend of the optical fiber changes, resulting in a change in the optical power of the output. The magnitude of the external pressure is indirectly measured by the change in optical power detected by the photodetector. In one embodiment, by detecting the intensity of the optical carrier, the displacement of the deformer proportional to the optical carrier strength can be determined and the magnitude of the pressure determined.
通过该压力传感器，在光纤一端发送一个测试脉冲，经过反射装置的作用就能收到一个反射峰，预先测试获取一个无压力时的反射峰的峰值，再监测有压力时的反射峰的峰值，通过计算反射峰的峰值的差值(取对数log后)，就可计算出实际压力值。如果有连接器，连接器也可能会产生一个反射峰，这个反射峰没有意义，可以忽略。连接器可以作为一个用于测量压力的压力传感器节点。大量压力传感器节点可以通过光分配网络(Optical Distribution Network，ODN)进行连接，用光测量设备(如光时域反射仪OTDR)发送测量信号，再接收光路中所有反射信号，并对反射信号进行识别和数据处理，可知道每个压力传感器节点的压力值。其中，测量信号可以为测试脉冲或者测试序列，测试序列可以为伪随机码或互补码。Through the pressure sensor, a test pulse is sent at one end of the fiber, and a reflection peak can be received by the action of the reflection device. The peak value of the reflection peak when no pressure is obtained is tested in advance, and the peak value of the reflection peak when the pressure is monitored is monitored. By calculating the difference in the peak value of the reflected peak (after taking the logarithm log), the actual pressure value can be calculated. If there is a connector, the connector may also produce a reflection peak. This reflection peak has no meaning and can be ignored. The connector acts as a pressure sensor node for measuring pressure. A large number of pressure sensor nodes can be connected through an Optical Distribution Network (ODN), and a measurement signal is transmitted by a light measuring device (such as an optical time domain reflectometer OTDR), and then all reflected signals in the optical path are received, and the reflected signals are identified. And data processing, you can know the pressure value of each pressure sensor node. The measurement signal may be a test pulse or a test sequence, and the test sequence may be a pseudo random code or a complementary code.
其中，反射装置可以为：Wherein, the reflecting device can be:
镀膜类型的反射器；或者Coating type reflector; or
光纤光栅类型的反射器；或者Fiber grating type reflector; or
反射镜。Reflector.
实施例一Embodiment 1
如图2a所示，该光纤压力传感器没有任何电相关的控制电路及电接口，也没有光源和光电二极管，是无源传感器。光路上，测试光脉冲从c端入射到光纤中，c端可以是预留连接头，也可以是一小段裸纤，供熔接用。出射光b端连接反射装置，反射装置可以是镀膜类型的反射器，也可以是光纤光栅类型的反射器。As shown in Fig. 2a, the fiber optic pressure sensor does not have any electrical related control circuit and electrical interface, nor has a light source and a photodiode, and is a passive sensor. On the optical path, the test light pulse is incident on the optical fiber from the c-end, and the c-end may be a reserved connector or a small-length bare fiber for fusion. The exiting light b end is connected to the reflecting means, and the reflecting means may be a coating type reflector or a fiber grating type reflector.
如图3所示，在无压力情况下，测试出反射光强(取对数log，下同)为p A，在有压力情况下，测试出反射光强为p B，光强差Δp＝p A-p B，通过图4中压力f与光强差Δp的关系就可以得出压力值。实际情况下，压力与光强差的关系可由压力传感部分的生产厂家进行测试后提供。 As shown in Fig. 3, under no pressure, the reflected light intensity (log log, the same below) is tested as p A , and under pressure, the reflected light intensity is p B , and the light intensity difference Δp= p A -p B , the pressure value can be obtained by the relationship between the pressure f and the light intensity difference Δp in Fig. 4 . In practice, the relationship between pressure and light intensity can be provided by the manufacturer of the pressure sensing section.
实施例一的光纤压力传感器比较适用于对压力测试精度要求不高的场景， 比如光网络比较稳定，即光测量设备与传感器节点间的光路损耗相对稳定。然而，由于实际应用时，反射信号的强度受光纤长度、连接器、光源稳定度等因素影响，反射强度也随之受影响。为解决这个问题，提高测试精度，本申请实施例提供下面可选的方案。The optical fiber pressure sensor of the first embodiment is suitable for a scenario where the accuracy of the stress test is not high. For example, the optical network is relatively stable, that is, the optical path loss between the optical measuring device and the sensor node is relatively stable. However, due to the actual application, the intensity of the reflected signal is affected by factors such as the length of the fiber, the connector, and the stability of the light source, and the reflection intensity is also affected. To solve this problem and improve the test accuracy, the following embodiments of the present application provide the following alternatives.
实施例二Embodiment 2
为提高测试精度，可以增加一个参考反射光，参考反射光的光强也随上述因素一同动态变化。如果施加的压力不变时，参考反射光的光强与经过压力传感部分后的反射光强之间的比值(取对数log后就是差值)不随上述因素动态变化，即，上述比值的大小只随压力而变化。要实现两个独立的反射峰，则可以通过1×2分光器进行分光，一路分支直接加反射器，反射回来的光的光强作为参考反射光的光强，另一路分支用于传感器的反射。在光路上，两个分支的反射器到1×2分光器的距离差要足够大，至少要大于测试脉宽在光纤中的长度，以避免反射峰重叠，难以分辨。In order to improve the test accuracy, a reference reflected light can be added, and the intensity of the reference reflected light also dynamically changes along with the above factors. If the applied pressure is constant, the ratio between the intensity of the reference reflected light and the reflected light intensity after passing through the pressure sensing portion (the difference after the logarithm log) does not dynamically change with the above factors, that is, the above ratio The size only changes with pressure. To achieve two independent reflection peaks, the 1×2 splitter can be used for splitting, and one branch is directly added with a reflector. The light intensity of the reflected light is used as the light intensity of the reference reflected light, and the other branch is used for the reflection of the sensor. . On the optical path, the distance difference between the reflectors of the two branches to the 1×2 splitter is sufficiently large, at least greater than the length of the test pulse width in the fiber to avoid overlapping of the reflected peaks and difficult to distinguish.
如图5所示，该光纤压力传感器还包括：分光器203；As shown in Figure 5, the fiber optic pressure sensor further includes: a beam splitter 203;
其中，所述反射装置202还包括第二反射装置；Wherein the reflecting device 202 further comprises a second reflecting device;
分光器203的第一输出端通过光纤连接压力传感部分201的第一端，压力传感部分201的第二端通过光纤连接第一反射装置，作为所述压力传感部分所在的光路；The first output end of the beam splitter 203 is connected to the first end of the pressure sensing portion 201 through an optical fiber, and the second end of the pressure sensing portion 201 is connected to the first reflecting device through the optical fiber as the optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located;
分光器203的第二输出端通过光纤连接第二反射装置，作为参照光路；The second output end of the beam splitter 203 is connected to the second reflecting device through the optical fiber as a reference optical path;
其中，压力传感部分所在的光路的长度和所述参照光路的长度的差值，大于测量信号的信号宽度。The difference between the length of the optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located and the length of the reference optical path is greater than the signal width of the measurement signal.
当测量信号为单脉冲时，信号宽度可以为脉冲信号的脉宽，当测量信号为测量序列时，信号宽度可以为测量序列的码元宽度。When the measurement signal is a single pulse, the signal width may be the pulse width of the pulse signal, and when the measurement signal is a measurement sequence, the signal width may be the symbol width of the measurement sequence.
图5中，c点为光纤连接头，a点为参考反射位置点，增加反射装置，b点为传感器反射位置点，增加反射装置。测试光脉冲从c点进入，通过分光器(如20％：80％)到a点和b点，反射后再回到c点，c点共产生2个反射峰。图6 中的坐标轴表示距离与光强的关系，假设c点到a点的距离为L，c点到b点距离为M，为了使两个反射峰不产生重叠，|M-L|要大于测试脉宽的距离。由于c点是连接器，因此又多了一个反射峰，当反射峰高度与相邻反射峰相差不大时，可能会影响测量精度，这时L的值也要大于测试脉宽的距离，以避免反射峰重叠。c点可以是熔接点，这样就不会多一个反射峰，对L也就没有要求。In Fig. 5, point c is the fiber connector, point a is the reference reflection position point, the reflection device is added, and point b is the reflection position of the sensor, and the reflection device is added. The test light pulse enters from point c, passes through the beam splitter (eg 20%: 80%) to point a and point b, returns to point c after reflection, and produces two reflection peaks at point c. The coordinate axis in Fig. 6 indicates the relationship between the distance and the light intensity. It is assumed that the distance from point c to point a is L, and the distance from point c to point b is M. In order to make the two reflection peaks do not overlap, |ML| is greater than the test. The distance of the pulse width. Since point c is a connector, there is another reflection peak. When the height of the reflection peak is not much different from the adjacent reflection peak, the measurement accuracy may be affected. In this case, the value of L is also greater than the distance of the test pulse width. Avoid overlapping reflection peaks. Point c can be a fusion point, so there will be no more reflection peaks, and there is no requirement for L.
图6中的纵坐标表示光强(功率，取对数log后的值)，p0表示无压力时的两反射峰的光强差值，(p0+Δp)为有压力时的光强差，Δp是有压力时与无压力时光强的差值，通过Δp与压力的关系，可得出压力值。The ordinate in Fig. 6 represents the light intensity (power, the value after logarithm log), p0 represents the difference in light intensity between the two reflection peaks without pressure, and (p0 + Δp) is the difference in light intensity when there is pressure. Δp is the difference between the intensity of light when there is pressure and when there is no pressure. The relationship between Δp and pressure gives the pressure value.
实际应用时，p0可以为正值(参考反射峰高于无压力时的传感器反射峰)，也可以为负值(参考反射峰低于无压力时的传感反射峰)，a点与b点的位置也可以互换(即参考反射分支的长度可以比传感分支长)。所用的分光器，既可为等分分光器，也可为非等分分光器。In practical applications, p0 can be positive (reference reflection peak is higher than sensor reflection peak when no pressure), or negative value (reference reflection peak is lower than sensorless reflection peak when no pressure), point a and point b The positions can also be interchanged (ie, the length of the reference reflection branch can be longer than the sensing branch). The spectroscope used can be either an aliquot splitter or a non-divided splitter.
实施例二中的压力传感器是通过获取Δp计算出压力值，而从反射曲线中读出p0+Δp，p0值需要预先知道。实际应用中，在传感器制作完成时，p0的值已经确定，传感器出厂时，可以给出p0值。由于传感器加工制作中，难免会出现工艺上的误差，因此每个传感器p0值可能会不一样，在多传感器节点监控计算时，需要知道每个传感器节点的p0，不利于大规模应用。The pressure sensor in the second embodiment calculates the pressure value by obtaining Δp, and reads p0+Δp from the reflection curve, and the p0 value needs to be known in advance. In practical applications, the value of p0 has been determined when the sensor is completed, and the p0 value can be given when the sensor is shipped. Since the process error is inevitable in the processing of the sensor, the p0 value of each sensor may be different. When monitoring and calculating the multi-sensor node, it is necessary to know the p0 of each sensor node, which is not conducive to large-scale application.
实施例三Embodiment 3
为了解决每个传感器的p0值可能不一致的问题，在设置为参考的光反射支路上增加一个可调光衰减装置，串接在分光器和反射装置之间，该可调光衰减装置作用是将p0调整为0dB，即无压力时，两反射峰高度一样。这时两反射峰差值就是Δp，不需要预先知道p0的值了。In order to solve the problem that the p0 value of each sensor may be inconsistent, a dimming attenuation device is added on the light reflection branch set as a reference, which is connected in series between the beam splitter and the reflection device, and the dimming attenuation device functions as P0 is adjusted to 0 dB, that is, when there is no pressure, the heights of the two reflection peaks are the same. At this time, the difference between the two reflection peaks is Δp, and it is not necessary to know the value of p0 in advance.
在应用中，可调光衰减装置可以串接在分光器后的任何一分支，在无压力时，两个反射峰中相对较高的反射峰对应的分支加上光衰减装置。也可以两分支分别串接一个可调光衰减装置。另外，每个传感器节点的p0值可以调整为0dB，也可以调整为一固定值。In an application, the dimmable attenuating device can be connected in series to any branch after the beam splitter. When there is no pressure, a branch corresponding to a relatively high reflection peak of the two reflection peaks is added to the light attenuating device. It is also possible to connect a dimming attenuating device in series with the two branches. In addition, the p0 value of each sensor node can be adjusted to 0 dB, or can be adjusted to a fixed value.
如图7所示，该光纤压力传感器还包括：As shown in FIG. 7, the optical fiber pressure sensor further includes:
至少一个可调光衰减装置204，设置在下述至少一项上：At least one dimmable attenuating device 204 is disposed on at least one of the following:
参照光路、以及压力传感部分所在的光路。Refer to the optical path and the optical path where the pressure sensing section is located.
如图8所示，同样，纵坐标表示光强(功率，取对数log后的值)，p0表示无压力时的两反射峰的光强差值，(p0+Δp)为有压力时的光强差，Δp是有压力时与无压力时光强的差值，通过Δp与压力的关系，可得出压力值。由于p0值固定，所以可以直接通过两反射峰差值得到Δp。As shown in Fig. 8, the ordinate indicates the light intensity (power, the value after logarithm log), and p0 indicates the difference in light intensity between the two reflection peaks when there is no pressure, and (p0 + Δp) is when there is pressure. The difference in light intensity, Δp is the difference between the intensity of light when there is pressure and when there is no pressure. The relationship between Δp and pressure gives the pressure value. Since the p0 value is fixed, Δp can be obtained directly by the difference between the two reflection peaks.
实施例四Embodiment 4
本申请实施例还提供一种光纤压力传感系统，用以完成压力测试，如图9所示，该光纤压力传感系统包括光测量设备902和本申请实施例提供的光纤压力传感器901；The embodiment of the present application further provides a fiber optic pressure sensing system for performing a stress test. As shown in FIG. 9 , the optical fiber pressure sensing system includes a light measuring device 902 and a fiber optic pressure sensor 901 provided by the embodiment of the present application;
光测量设备902，设置为发送测量压力的测量信号，并接收反射回来的测量信号，根据该反射回来的测量信号，确定所述光纤压力传感器中的所述压力传感部分的压力值。The light measuring device 902 is configured to transmit a measurement signal of the measured pressure, and receive the reflected measurement signal, and determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion in the optical fiber pressure sensor according to the reflected measurement signal.
光测量设备902也可以连接监测机房，由监测机房来实现压力值的计算和统计、监测的功能。The light measuring device 902 can also be connected to the monitoring machine room, and the monitoring machine room can realize the calculation, statistics and monitoring functions of the pressure value.
本实施例中的光纤压力传感器901可以根据实际情况采用实施例一、实施例二、实施例三中的任何一种光纤压力传感器。The optical fiber pressure sensor 901 in this embodiment may adopt any one of the optical fiber pressure sensors of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, and the third embodiment according to actual conditions.
实施例五 Embodiment 5
为了能连接多个传感器节点，增加至少两个1×2非等分光器(如5％：95％输出比)，将多个传感器节点串联在一个网络拓扑下，组成一个链形网络，便于同时检测。In order to connect multiple sensor nodes, add at least two 1×2 unequal splitters (such as 5%: 95% output ratio), and connect multiple sensor nodes in a network topology to form a chain network. Detection.
如图10所示，该光纤压力传感系统中，还包括：As shown in FIG. 10, the optical fiber pressure sensing system further includes:
至少两个分光器903串行连接，每个未连接下一级分光器903的输出端，通过所述光纤连接一个光纤压力传感器901。At least two splitters 903 are connected in series, each of which is not connected to the output of the next-stage splitter 903, through which a fiber optic pressure sensor 901 is connected.
其中，每两个包括光纤压力传感器的光路的总长度之差均大于第二设定值。Wherein, the difference between the total lengths of the optical paths of each of the two optical fiber pressure sensors is greater than the second set value.
一实施例中，至少两个分光器903中的每个为不等分分光器；In one embodiment, each of the at least two beamsplitters 903 is an unequal splitter;
所述不等分分光器设置为将光路划分为插损小的光路和插损大的光路，在所述插损小的光路中，不等分分光器的第一输出端连接下一级分光器903的输入端，在所述插损大的光路中，不等分分光器的第二输出端连接光纤压力传感器901。The unequal splitter is configured to divide the optical path into an optical path with a small insertion loss and an optical path with a large insertion loss. In the optical path with a small insertion loss, the first output end of the unequal splitter is connected to the next-stage splitting At the input end of the 903, in the optical path with the large insertion loss, the second output end of the unequal splitter is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor 901.
一实施例中，分光器903的输入端接主干光纤，两分支中一路插损大的支路(5％)连接光纤压力传感器901，另一路(95％)通过一段光纤后，再串接一个不等分分光器903，该不等分分光器903两分支的接法与前一个分光器的接法相同，这样就可以连接更多的光纤压力传感器901。通过光测量设备，测试出实时反射曲线，当采用实施例二中的光纤压力传感器时，反射曲线的示意图如图11所示，每一个光纤压力传感器对应两个反射峰，通过每个光纤压力传感器的反射峰的差值Δp变化(P0不为0，反射峰的差值为P0+ΔP，P0已知，可求出ΔP)，可以计算出每个光纤压力传感器的压力大小，从而实现多节点实时监测。对于在组网时光纤压力传感器间的距离的设置，在反射曲线上，不能出现反射峰重叠，如果没有其他反射峰的时候，则光纤压力传感器间的距离至少要大于两反射峰的距离加一个测试脉宽的距离。如果有其他反射(如连接器)时，则需要再增加距离进行避让，保证不会出现重叠。即，每两个包括光纤压力传感器的光路的总长度之差至少要大于两反射峰的距离加一个测试脉宽的距离，如果有其它反射，还要再将每两个包括光纤压力传感器的光路的总长度之差所要大于的设定值增大。In one embodiment, the input end of the optical splitter 903 is connected to the main fiber, and one branch of the two branches with a large insertion loss (5%) is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor 901, and the other (95%) is passed through a length of optical fiber, and then one is connected in series. The optical splitter 903 is not equally divided, and the two branches of the unequal splitter 903 are connected in the same manner as the previous splitter, so that more fiber pressure sensors 901 can be connected. The real-time reflection curve is tested by the light measuring device. When the fiber pressure sensor of the second embodiment is used, a schematic diagram of the reflection curve is shown in FIG. 11, and each fiber pressure sensor corresponds to two reflection peaks, and each fiber pressure sensor is passed. The difference Δp of the reflection peak changes (P0 is not 0, the difference of the reflection peak is P0+ΔP, P0 is known, ΔP can be obtained), and the pressure of each fiber pressure sensor can be calculated to realize multi-node real-time monitoring. For the setting of the distance between the fiber pressure sensors during networking, the reflection peaks cannot overlap on the reflection curve. If there are no other reflection peaks, the distance between the fiber pressure sensors is at least greater than the distance between the two reflection peaks plus one. Test the distance of the pulse width. If there are other reflections (such as connectors), you need to increase the distance to avoid, to ensure that there will be no overlap. That is, the difference between the total length of each of the two optical paths including the fiber optic pressure sensor is at least greater than the distance between the two reflection peaks plus the distance of one test pulse width, and if there are other reflections, each of the two optical paths including the fiber pressure sensor The difference between the total lengths is greater than the set value.
应用时，可也采用等分分光器，即50％：50％的输出比，此时，系统中包含的光纤压力传感器会较少。如果要让ODN支持更多的传感器节点，可以采用不同分光比的分光器组合使用，基本原则是离光测量设备越近，采用的分光比越大，离光测量设备越远，采用的分光比越小，直至50％：50％。In application, an aliquot splitter, that is, 50%: 50% output ratio can be used. At this time, the fiber pressure sensor included in the system will be less. If the ODN is to support more sensor nodes, it can be used in combination with different splitting ratios. The basic principle is that the closer the optical measuring device is, the larger the splitting ratio is, and the farther away from the optical measuring device, the split ratio is adopted. The smaller, up to 50%: 50%.
实施例六Embodiment 6
本实施例中采用的是星形组网拓扑，采用1×n等分分光器，然后再连接各 个光纤压力传感器，n≥2。In this embodiment, a star networking topology is adopted, and a 1×n bisector splitter is used, and then each fiber pressure sensor is connected, n≥2.
如图12所示，该光纤压力传感系统中，还包括：As shown in FIG. 12, the optical fiber pressure sensing system further includes:
一个多路输出的分光器904，所述多路输出的分光器904的输入端连接光测量设备902，所述多路输出的分光器904的每个输出端连接一个光纤压力传感器901；a multi-output splitter 904, the input of the multi-output splitter 904 is connected to the optical measuring device 902, each output of the multi-output splitter 904 is connected to a fiber optic pressure sensor 901;
其中，所述光测量设备、所述多路输出的分光器的一路以及一个所述光纤压力传感器顺次连接作为一个分支光路，每两个所述分支光路的总长度之差均大于第一设定值。Wherein, the optical measuring device, one of the multiple output splitters, and one of the optical fiber pressure sensors are sequentially connected as a branch optical path, and the total length difference of each of the two branched optical paths is greater than the first setting Value.
当采用实施例二中的光纤压力传感器时，反射曲线的示意图如图13所示，为了避免反射峰重叠，每个光纤压力传感器901到1×n等分分光器之间的距离都不能相同。距离要求与实施例五相同。一实施例中，1×n的分光器也可以是非等分的分光器。When the optical fiber pressure sensor of the second embodiment is used, a schematic diagram of the reflection curve is shown in FIG. 13. In order to avoid overlap of the reflection peaks, the distance between each of the optical fiber pressure sensors 901 to 1×n bisectors cannot be the same. The distance requirement is the same as in the fifth embodiment. In one embodiment, the 1×n splitter may also be a non-divided splitter.
实施例四、实施例五与实施例六中的光测量设备和监测机房，也可以为内置测量功能的光模块加控制设备，再通过联网的方法，进行远程监测和控制。The optical measuring device and the monitoring room in the fourth embodiment and the sixth embodiment can also be used as an optical module with built-in measurement function, and then remotely monitored and controlled by a networked method.
本申请实施例还提供一种压力测量方法，如图14所示，包括：The embodiment of the present application further provides a pressure measurement method, as shown in FIG. 14 , including:
步骤S1401、向压力传感器发送测量信号，其中，压力传感器包括位于光纤上的压力传感部分，和处于光纤一端的反射装置，所述反射装置包括第一反射装置，压力传感部分通过光纤与所述第一反射装置连接，压力传感部分设置为向所述光纤传导压力，该压力使得在所述光纤上传输的测量信号在经过所述压力传感部分的过程中出现损耗，所述第一反射装置设置为反射所述测量信号以确定所述压力传感部分的压力值。Step S1401, sending a measurement signal to the pressure sensor, wherein the pressure sensor comprises a pressure sensing portion on the optical fiber, and a reflecting device at one end of the optical fiber, the reflecting device comprises a first reflecting device, and the pressure sensing portion passes through the optical fiber and the Connecting the first reflecting means, the pressure sensing portion is arranged to conduct a pressure to the optical fiber, the pressure causing loss of a measurement signal transmitted on the optical fiber during passage through the pressure sensing portion, the first A reflecting device is arranged to reflect the measurement signal to determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion.
步骤S1402、根据经由压力传感器反射回来的测量信号，确定所述压力传感部分的压力值。Step S1402: Determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion based on a measurement signal reflected from the pressure sensor.
一实施例中，压力传感器还包括分光器；所述反射装置还包括第二反射装置；分光器的第一输出端通过所述光纤连接所述压力传感部分的第一端，所述压力传感部分的第二端通过所述光纤连接所述第一反射装置，作为所述压力传 感部分所在的光路，分光器的第二输出端通过光纤连接所述第二反射装置，作为参照光路，其中，压力传感部分所在的光路的长度和参考光路的长度的差值大于测量信号的信号宽度。In one embodiment, the pressure sensor further includes a beam splitter; the reflecting device further includes a second reflecting device; the first output end of the beam splitter is connected to the first end of the pressure sensing portion through the optical fiber, the pressure transmitting The second end of the sensing portion is connected to the first reflecting device through the optical fiber as an optical path of the pressure sensing portion, and the second output end of the optical splitter is connected to the second reflecting device through an optical fiber as a reference optical path. The difference between the length of the optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located and the length of the reference optical path is greater than the signal width of the measurement signal.
步骤S1420包括：Step S1420 includes:
根据经由压力传感器的两个光路反射回来的两个测量信号，确定压力传感部分的压力值。The pressure value of the pressure sensing portion is determined based on two measurement signals reflected back through the two optical paths of the pressure sensor.
本申请实施例提供的光线压力传感器、光纤压力传感系统及压力测量方法，能应用于接近分布式光纤压力传感的情况，对大量压力传感器节点进行实时监测，可以抗光纤链路干扰，提升测压精度，采用无源方式，不需要增加防爆装置。The light pressure sensor, the optical fiber pressure sensing system and the pressure measuring method provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to the situation of the distributed optical fiber pressure sensing, and the real-time monitoring of a large number of pressure sensor nodes can resist the interference of the optical fiber link and improve The pressure measurement accuracy is passive, and there is no need to increase the explosion-proof device.
工业实用性Industrial applicability
本公开提供的光线压力传感器、光纤压力传感系统及压力测量方法，能够进行压力测试，且不包含有源器件，可以独立应用在危险环境中，不需要和防爆装置配合使用，适用范围广，使用成本低。The light pressure sensor, the optical fiber pressure sensing system and the pressure measuring method provided by the disclosure can perform pressure test and do not contain active components, can be independently applied in a hazardous environment, and do not need to be used together with an explosion-proof device, and have wide application range. Low cost of use.

Claims (11)

  1. 一种光纤压力传感器，包括：位于光纤上的压力传感部分，和处于所述光纤一端的反射装置，所述反射装置包括第一反射装置，所述压力传感部分通过所述光纤与所述第一反射装置连接，其中：A fiber optic pressure sensor comprising: a pressure sensing portion on an optical fiber, and a reflecting device at one end of the optical fiber, the reflecting device comprising a first reflecting device, the pressure sensing portion passing the optical fiber and the The first reflecting device is connected, wherein:
    所述压力传感部分，设置为向所述光纤传导压力，所述压力使得在所述光纤上传输的测量信号在经过所述压力传感部分的过程中出现损耗；The pressure sensing portion is configured to conduct a pressure to the optical fiber, the pressure causing loss of a measurement signal transmitted on the optical fiber during passage through the pressure sensing portion;
    所述第一反射装置，设置为反射所述测量信号以确定所述压力传感部分的压力值。The first reflecting means is arranged to reflect the measurement signal to determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion.
  2. 如权利要求1所述的光纤压力传感器，还包括：分光器；其中，所述反射装置还包括第二反射装置；The fiber optic pressure sensor of claim 1 further comprising: a beam splitter; wherein said reflecting means further comprises a second reflecting means;
    所述分光器的第一输出端通过所述光纤连接所述压力传感部分的第一端，所述压力传感部分的第二端通过所述光纤连接所述第一反射装置，作为所述压力传感部分所在的光路；a first output end of the beam splitter is connected to a first end of the pressure sensing portion via the optical fiber, and a second end of the pressure sensing portion is connected to the first reflecting device through the optical fiber as the The optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located;
    所述分光器的第二输出端通过所述光纤连接所述第二反射装置，作为参照光路；a second output end of the optical splitter is connected to the second reflecting device through the optical fiber as a reference optical path;
    其中，所述压力传感部分所在的光路的长度和所述参照光路的长度的差值，大于所述测量信号的信号宽度。The difference between the length of the optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located and the length of the reference optical path is greater than the signal width of the measurement signal.
  3. 如权利要求2所述的光纤压力传感器，还包括：The fiber optic pressure sensor of claim 2, further comprising:
    至少一个可调光衰减装置，设置在下述至少一项上：所述参照光路、以及所述压力传感部分所在的光路。At least one dimmable attenuating device is disposed on at least one of: the reference optical path, and an optical path in which the pressure sensing portion is located.
  4. 如权利要求3所述的光纤压力传感器，其中：The fiber optic pressure sensor of claim 3 wherein:
    在所述可调光衰减装置设置在所述参照光路上的情况下，所述可调光衰减装置的第一端通过所述光纤连接所述分光器，所述可调光衰减装置的第二端通过所述光纤连接所述第二反射装置；In a case where the dimming attenuation device is disposed on the reference optical path, a first end of the dimmable optical attenuation device is connected to the optical splitter through the optical fiber, and a second end of the dimmable optical attenuation device Connecting the second reflecting device through the optical fiber;
    在所述可调光衰减装置设置在所述压力传感部分所在的光路上的情况下，所述可调光衰减装置的第一端通过所述光纤连接所述分光器，所述可调光衰减装置的第二端通过所述光纤连接所述压力传感部分的第一端。In a case where the dimming attenuating device is disposed on an optical path where the pressure sensing portion is located, a first end of the dimmable attenuating device is connected to the beam splitter through the optical fiber, the dimming light A second end of the attenuation device is coupled to the first end of the pressure sensing portion by the optical fiber.
  5. 如权利要求2、3或4所述的光纤压力传感器，其中，所述分光器为：等分分光器，或者不等分分光器。The fiber optic pressure sensor of claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the beam splitter is: an aliquot splitter, or an unequal splitter.
  6. 如权利要求1-5任一项所述的光纤压力传感器，其中，所述反射装置为：A fiber optic pressure sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the reflecting means is:
    镀膜类型的反射器、光纤光栅类型的反射器、或者反射镜。A coated type of reflector, a fiber grating type reflector, or a mirror.
  7. 一种光纤压力传感系统，包括光测量设备和至少一个如权利要求1-6任一项所述的光纤压力传感器；A fiber optic pressure sensing system comprising a light measuring device and at least one fiber optic pressure sensor according to any of claims 1-6;
    所述光测量设备，设置为发送测量压力的测量信号，并接收反射回来的测量信号，根据所述反射回来的测量信号确定所述光纤压力传感器中的所述压力传感部分的压力值。The light measuring device is configured to transmit a measurement signal of the measured pressure, and receive the reflected measurement signal, and determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion in the optical fiber pressure sensor according to the reflected measurement signal.
  8. 如权利要求7所述的系统，还包括：一个多路输出的分光器，所述多路输出的分光器的输入端连接所述光测量设备，所述多路输出的分光器的每个输出端连接一个所述光纤压力传感器；The system of claim 7 further comprising: a multi-output splitter, the input of said multi-output splitter being coupled to said optical measuring device, each output of said multi-output splitter Connecting one fiber optic pressure sensor to the end;
    其中，所述光测量设备、所述多路输出的分光器的一路以及一个所述光纤压力传感器顺次连接作为一个分支光路，每两个所述分支光路的总长度之差均大于第一设定值。Wherein, the optical measuring device, one of the multiple output splitters, and one of the optical fiber pressure sensors are sequentially connected as a branch optical path, and the total length difference of each of the two branched optical paths is greater than the first setting Value.
  9. 如权利要求7所述的系统，还包括：至少两个分光器；The system of claim 7 further comprising: at least two beamsplitters;
    所述至少两个分光器串行连接，串行连接的所述至少两个分光器中的第一个分光器的输入端通过光纤与所述光测量设备连接，每个未连接下一级分光器的输出端通过所述光纤连接一个光纤压力传感器；The at least two optical splitters are serially connected, and the input end of the first one of the at least two optical splitters connected in series is connected to the optical measuring device through an optical fiber, and each of the next-stage splitting lights is not connected The output end of the device is connected to a fiber optic pressure sensor through the optical fiber;
    其中，每两个包括光纤压力传感器的光路的总长度之差均大于第二设定值。Wherein, the difference between the total lengths of the optical paths of each of the two optical fiber pressure sensors is greater than the second set value.
  10. 如权利要求9所述的系统，其中，所述至少两个分光器中的每个为不等分分光器；The system of claim 9 wherein each of said at least two beamsplitters is an unequal splitter;
    所述不等分分光器设置为将光路划分为插损小的光路和插损大的光路，在所述插损小的光路中，所述不等分分光器的第一输出端连接所述下一级分光器的输入端，在所述插损大的光路中，所述不等分分光器的第二输出端连接所述光纤压力传感器。The unequal splitter is configured to divide the optical path into an optical path with a small insertion loss and an optical path with a large insertion loss. In the optical path with small insertion loss, the first output end of the unequal splitter is connected to the optical output The input end of the next-stage splitter, in the optical path with the large insertion loss, the second output end of the unequal splitter is connected to the optical fiber pressure sensor.
  11. 一种压力测量方法，包括：A method of measuring pressure, comprising:
    向压力传感器发送测量信号，其中，所述压力传感器包括位于光纤上的压力传感部分，和处于所述光纤一端的反射装置，所述反射装置包括第一反射装置，所述压力传感部分通过所述光纤与所述第一反射装置连接，所述压力传感部分设置为向所述光纤传导压力，所述压力使得在所述光纤上传输的测量信号在经过所述压力传感部分的过程中出现损耗，所述第一反射装置设置为反射所述测量信号以确定所述压力传感部分的压力值；Transmitting a measurement signal to a pressure sensor, wherein the pressure sensor includes a pressure sensing portion on the optical fiber, and a reflective device at one end of the optical fiber, the reflective device including a first reflective device, the pressure sensing portion passing The optical fiber is coupled to the first reflective device, the pressure sensing portion configured to conduct a pressure to the optical fiber, the pressure causing a measurement signal transmitted on the optical fiber to pass through the pressure sensing portion Loss occurs, the first reflecting means being arranged to reflect the measurement signal to determine a pressure value of the pressure sensing portion;
    根据经由所述压力传感器反射回来的测量信号，确定所述压力传感部分的压力值。A pressure value of the pressure sensing portion is determined based on a measurement signal reflected back through the pressure sensor.
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