WO2018207098A1 - Degradable container and recipient for plant propagation - Google Patents

Degradable container and recipient for plant propagation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018207098A1
WO2018207098A1 PCT/IB2018/053197 IB2018053197W WO2018207098A1 WO 2018207098 A1 WO2018207098 A1 WO 2018207098A1 IB 2018053197 W IB2018053197 W IB 2018053197W WO 2018207098 A1 WO2018207098 A1 WO 2018207098A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
container
plant propagation
plant
degradable
containers
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PCT/IB2018/053197
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Gilberto PEREIRA VILLAMIL
Original Assignee
Pereira Villamil Gilberto
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Application filed by Pereira Villamil Gilberto filed Critical Pereira Villamil Gilberto
Publication of WO2018207098A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018207098A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/50—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for living organisms, articles or materials sensitive to changes of environment or atmospheric conditions, e.g. land animals, birds, fish, water plants, non-aquatic plants, flower bulbs, cut flowers or foliage
    • B65D85/52—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for living organisms, articles or materials sensitive to changes of environment or atmospheric conditions, e.g. land animals, birds, fish, water plants, non-aquatic plants, flower bulbs, cut flowers or foliage for living plants; for growing bulbs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a chemically degradable and biodegradable container, and a container for plant propagation. It also refers to qualified devices to make germplasm multiplication more efficient - genetic diversity of plant species - with quality, economy and less environmental footprint in nurseries and in the field; and finally, to the important links that determine the appropriate production of the specific objective of any industrial vegetable crop, specifically within the primary activity of the Agricultural Sector.
  • the technical criteria such as the ideal location of the nursery, the silvicultural management, the appropriate selection of the container for the density of the seedlings, the supporting infrastructure, the phenotype of the species stem, the morphology, the physiology of the early radical system, the control of the growth times and the discernments over the harvest period of the plant species with a minimum threshold of seven secondary roots per posture; They are a set of criteria and characteristics that determine the cost, quality of seedlings and the success of field crops.
  • US 3785088 A corresponds to a plastic polyethylene or polypropylene pot with two series of openings, the first series with relatively large openings and spaced vertically and circumferentially in the side wall of the pot and, the second series in the bottom of the pot for draining excess moisture and inside flanges to direct the roots towards the center of the pot. Its content of construction elements is complex, large minimum size and nothing functional for industrial crops.
  • the seeds were planted in a styrofoam tray containing the growth medium.
  • the seedlings were ready to take to the field, they were wrapped in waxed paper, but the manipulation in the nursery, in the transport - major and minor - and in the unpacking to be transferred to the soil-growing environment where they were grown caused the root to be practically naked, thus greatly reducing survival.
  • US Patent 3889416 A combines a support tray and a plurality of open tubes at both ends, provided with longitudinal ribs that control the spiraling of the roots. Likewise, at the planting site the Seedlings should be extracted from the individual tubes for definitive planting, affecting the contact of the roots with the growth medium and consequently the survival and continuous growth of the seedlings. Empty cells of great durability could be reused.
  • US 4006558 A corresponds to a two-piece tubular apparatus which, when hooked, forms a multiple cavity device for germination and propagation of seedlings. Each cavity is corrugated around its entire outer perimeter to direct root growth down and avoid the radical spiral.
  • This invention relates to a plant propagation apparatus in multiple two-piece tubular and snap fit that prevents the crossing of roots between adjacent cavities, capable of maintaining the seedlings until the time of planting in their permanent habitat.
  • This invention corresponds to a tubular device It is known by the trade name of Rootrainers, which prevents the roots from crossing between cavities and have a lower hole for air pruning, but the device is not independent and needs to be placed in a special container.
  • WO 2012042069 describes an open seed carrier in the upper part for depositing the substrate and an alveolar zone designed so that once the seed is placed in it, germination and the first stage are carried out. of plant development, ensuring that this is carried out in the place where the plant species will be permanently implanted, avoiding the traditional manipulation that negatively affects subsequent vegetative growth.
  • the receptacle of physical configuration similar to that of a polygon, can be manipulated without suffering any deterioration because its architecture allows to adapt to the characteristics of the soil.
  • the recent U201331478 patent refers to a container and forest tray for the cultivation of leafy species that develop an important pivoting root from their early age in the nursery.
  • the invention combines depth, moderate volume, close volume / depth ratio and low plant density per square meter.
  • accessible containers and trays have alveoli with a volume between 250 and 400 cm 3 , and a maximum depth of 180 mm.
  • the patented container comprises a socket capable of combining a depth of 300 mm with a moderate volume of 505 cm 3 , integrated in a forest tray with 15 openings.
  • the drawback presented by this invention is that the deeper the airway, the less air circulation in the growth medium and the more difficult to extract the seedling with root ball for planting in the field.
  • the weight of around 500 g per seedling is a limitation when the forest planting is removed from the access roads.
  • the trays are limited only to the raising of specific leafy species.
  • the Tubetes are manufactured in rigid, conical, individual polyethylene (PE), with different presentations, designs and measures - depth, top opening, bottom base, volume and shapes - all with vertical interior highlights for spiral control and at the bottom drainage holes, returnable with an average life of 7 years; these tubes are commonly used in nurseries for sowing seedlings inside that during the plant production process requires a tray to accommodate them vertically and a tray-carrying structure.
  • trays or also called trays which are a system of open spaces to place the tubes vertically;
  • Another presentation of trays, the most used, are those that have the built-in alveoli for direct sowing and are classified according to the dimensions - length, width, height -, number of cavities, manufacturing material, useful life, ease of cleaning and extraction of the seedling, recyclable material, ribs, stretch marks or vertical slits; where the number of cavities is selected according to the upper opening and its volumetric capacity and where the striations or vertical slits inside the side walls guide the roots down preventing them from turning -spiring-.
  • trays include perforations in the base for the drainage of excess water and, allow air to circulate freely inside the container for further root development and therefore, faster growing seedlings. The deeper the container, the anaerobic conditions for the root are more evident and more difficult to extract the bread from the ground.
  • Manufacturers recommend supporting trays in structures that allow free air circulation at the base, for root pruning.
  • the tray covers are covers that fit on the trays with individual cells before the process of filling the tubes, to prevent the substrate from depositing between the cells.
  • Forest trays, tubes and pellets in nurseries must be supported by complementary structures among which are known: plastic or steel mesh, supports built in PVC pipe to facilitate storage and transport and feet that fit between the alveoli of the trays facilitating the transport to the planting site.
  • Jiffy-Pot ® containers forest pellet (http://www.psiivicoia.com. Rrix / prodüctos / jiffy-peliets /), which are containers made of sterile peat with a percentage of wood fiber to preserve the during its handling, a biodegradable outer mesh (soft wall that allows the natural development of the lateral roots, with minimal or no deformation), with references that have large upper holes for sowing seeds or transplants; characteristics that favor the development of the seedling in the field, depending largely on soil moisture.
  • the pellets In the centers of vegetable production, the pellets must be supported by support structures, hydration plays an important role so that the pellets expand vertically, on average five times their original size, the cost, the management of the system of application of the products by sprinkling, common in all the nurseries and, mainly the deficit of humidity in field that affects the characteristics of the container, resenting the radical system that deteriorates the growth of the sown seedling.
  • the universal methodology of plant propagation is direct sowing or transplanting inside containers, for the following advantages: protection of the radical system of plants during handling, acclimatization in the field, generous time for sowing without stress, greater survival, continuous growth in nursery and at the definitive site.
  • the containers are grouped together forming longitudinal eras, generally 90 cm wide, at ground level or in elevated support structures. Irrigation, fertilization and phytosanitary controls are applied by foliar spray and rarely by drip.
  • the main problem in the multiplication of plants in the Agricultural Sector is the successful selection of the ideal container in accordance with the optimal development of the expressions of the genomes of the species, edaphoclimatic conditions of the site of planting, technical management of forestry and costs during the propagation process in the nursery.
  • the present invention aims to successfully solve the control points of quality and cost indices in the multiplication of seedlings in nurseries.
  • the invention comprises a degradable container for plant propagation, characterized by containing a chemically degradable polyethylene plastic film and biodeterioration, with large individual geometric openings, distributed and sized in proportion to the size of the container in use, which does not exceed 40 % of the lateral area of the cylinder wall of the bottomless container, in order to oxygenate the plant's radical system for maximum development.
  • the predominant growth of primary meristems of absorption which extend radially outwards; and enhance mycorrhizal symbiosis or nodulation by rhizobium according to the species, to obtain in context a sufficient number of active rootlets at the time of approaching the field plantation without removing the seedling from the container.
  • the area and shape of the die-cutting of the windows must allow the substrate to be filled without waste and a minimum deformation of the edges of the openings that intervene in the reinforcement of the spiral control -one of the four defects of the radical system-.
  • the container of the present invention allows the friendly, versatile and economical manufacture of the specifications of the container required by the professional expert of the nursery.
  • the object of the utility is directed to replace the containers referenced in the background of the invention, mainly the extensive consumption of plastic bags of low density black smoke polyethylene (LDPE), made with petroleum-derived resins, significant environmental footprint by The impact of the product in the field. Plastic prohibited in several countries and with a tendency to be discontinued worldwide in 2018.
  • LDPE low density black smoke polyethylene
  • the invention also includes a container with a monolithic base and walls, waterproof, characterized by being molded with materials from the family of thermoplastics in industrial blowing processes, in reinforced concrete or any other material that guarantees its structure, preserving the principle of the invention; fixed or movable, with connections for the supply of water and agricultural inputs in solution for the health and growth of seedlings without waste, with indicator of the level of water or solution available in the container to maintain contact humidity without saturating the capacity of field of the substrate, with a drainage system for silvicultural management, without coating or with internal coating with a solution of refined bitumen, adhesives and plasticizing compounds with additives that can be applied by brush and optionally reinforced with two layers and a core for the root development control - pipeline - outside the base of the container. Also in the container the containers can be arranged neatly in the erases free of weeds and, optionally the propagation in the container of flowers, aromatic and medicinal without using containers. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of the die cut of the flat tubular plastic film - degradable polyethylene - sufficiently flexible for forming circular perimeter area of the walls of the individual container of the invention.
  • Figure 2 perspective of the plastic container - degradable polyethylene - comprising the die cut and the growth medium where the growing seedling is housed.
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of the plant propagation vessel.
  • Figure 3.1 shows a right side profile view of the wall assembled to the substantially flat base of the container assembly of Figure 3, with a mechanism outside the container to operate the moisture content and solutions available for aging of the container. plant and further illustrating the scale of the level of the solutions in the container.
  • FIG. 2 shows the specific and functional characteristics of the degradable container (1), molded with any flat tubular film, of the family of plastic polymers (10), as shown in FIG. 1, of macromolecular structure of natural origin, classified internationally as low density polymers, code 4, biodegradable (EDPs), easily accessible in the plastics market, economical and friendly manufacturing of designs according to the polymer caliber corresponding to the dimensions - diameter, depth - required by the specific crop.
  • plastic polymers 10
  • code 4 biodegradable
  • the container (1) comprises a cylindrical outer wall (26) punched out with a plurality (12), (14), (16) of any type of geometric openings comprising individual areas of approximately 0.233 cm 2 and maximum 4.54 cm 2 , substantially large, without exceeding 40% of the total collective area of the surface of the cylindrical wall (26).
  • the opening of each of the windows preferably has an approximate range between 0.2% and 1.9% in proportion to the size of the lateral area of the window.
  • container plastic used for seedling cultivation at a preferred ratio of 0.38: 1 diameter / height of the container (1).
  • the openings facilitate drainage, aeration of the substrate that promotes the natural growth of the primary meristems that extend radially.
  • the pressure exerted by the substrate slightly deforms the edges of the windows (12), (14), (16), improving the control of the rotation of the secondary roots around the inner side wall of the container.
  • the transport and storage of the tubular film (10) does not require more physical space.
  • the container (1) is placed directly on the floor of the eras of the vegetable production yard or they are accommodated in the plant propagation container (3), finally the planting of The seedling (24) at the final site is made without removing the plant from the container (1), since the film of the container is made of a biodegradable material.
  • the plant propagation vessel (3) of the invention shown in FIG. 3, in the practical embodiment it adopts a substantially flat rectangular configuration but which can be any other suitable arrangement without affecting the essence of the invention.
  • the vertical side wall (30) extends over the entire contour of the base (28) to form sufficient monolithic structural integrity of the waterproof container (3), built fixed or portable with any material or aggregate that is dosed according to size or size.
  • condition of the container (3) in accordance with the characteristics of the invention as a means to accommodate inside a plurality of containers (1) or a culture medium (22) to germinate, transplant or cultivate all kinds of plant species.
  • the system (32) of perforated tongues is installed, assembled with elements and accessories up to 28.8 mm.
  • the supply network (34) regulated with the passage register (36) and the drainage rings (38), which include calibrated accessories for the supply of contact moisture and soluble phytosanitary products to the substrate (22) according to the dose formulated in the experimental protocol of the plant production of the seedling (24) of the container (1) or specifically another example of the embodiment is to fill the container (3) with multiple cavities with the substrate (22) according to the needs of the vegetable cultivation, in the event that the container (3) is used for the breeding of seeds and seedlings that do not require individual container (1) such as aromatic, medicinal, vegetables and flowers, among other crops.
  • the depth, the number and the shape of the cavities in each container (3) depend on the predetermined density at an average growth space depending on the variables: species, crop height and hoisting.
  • said container (3) also includes the inner lining (20) which can be a solution of bitumen refined with adhesives and plasticizing compounds with additives that prevent the roots from migrating along the surface of the base (28) without affecting the plant;
  • One or two layers can be applied by brush coating with a reinforcement fabric or closed cell foam between the two layers.
  • the inner lining of the container (3) for example works by itself in the base (28) also controlling the growth domain of the main root, inducing the copious and important development of the early secondary root system.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Biology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a recipient for plant propagation and a degradable container which comprises a light, flexible polyethylene film having a cylindrical shape and comprising two uncovered parallel planes for filling the inside thereof with a substrate for propagating any plant species, without the need for complementary support structures.

Description

CONTENEDOR DEGRADABLE Y RECIPIENTE PARA PROPAGACION VEGETAL  DEGRADABLE AND CONTAINER CONTAINER FOR VEGETABLE PROPAGATION
SECTOR TECNOLÓGICO TECHNOLOGICAL SECTOR
La presente invención se refiere a un contenedor degradable químicamente y por biodeterioro, y a un recipiente para la propagación vegetal. También se refiere a los dispositivos calificados para hacer más eficiente la multiplicación de germoplasma - diversidad genética de las especies vegetales- con calidad, economía y menor huella ambiental en los viveros y en el campo; y finalmente, a los eslabones importantes que determinan la producción apropiada del objetivo específico de cualquier cultivo vegetal industrial, concretamente dentro de la actividad primaria del Sector Agrícola. The present invention relates to a chemically degradable and biodegradable container, and a container for plant propagation. It also refers to qualified devices to make germplasm multiplication more efficient - genetic diversity of plant species - with quality, economy and less environmental footprint in nurseries and in the field; and finally, to the important links that determine the appropriate production of the specific objective of any industrial vegetable crop, specifically within the primary activity of the Agricultural Sector.
ANTECEDENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Durante el desarrollo de la actividad de producción vegetal comercial, los criterios técnicos como la localización ideal del vivero, el manejo silvícola, la selección adecuada del contenedor para la densidad de las plántulas, la infraestructura de soporte, el fenotipo del tallo de la especie, la morfología, la fisiología del sistema radical temprano, el control de los tiempos de crecimiento y los discernimientos sobre el periodo de cosecha de la especie vegetal con un umbral mínimo de siete raíces secundarias por postura; son un conjunto de criterios y características que determinan el costo, la calidad de las plántulas y el éxito de los cultivos en campo. Por lo tanto, es de interés de la presente invención proveer un contenedor y un recipiente que englobe tecnociencia y simpleza para la aplicación práctica de un procedimiento puntual, con usos múltiples que faciliten la propagación masiva de especies vegetales con índices de calidad significativamente superiores en las siembras industriales, a menor costo y con menor huella ambiental. During the development of the commercial vegetable production activity, the technical criteria such as the ideal location of the nursery, the silvicultural management, the appropriate selection of the container for the density of the seedlings, the supporting infrastructure, the phenotype of the species stem, the morphology, the physiology of the early radical system, the control of the growth times and the discernments over the harvest period of the plant species with a minimum threshold of seven secondary roots per posture; They are a set of criteria and characteristics that determine the cost, quality of seedlings and the success of field crops. Therefore, it is of interest of the present invention to provide a container and a container that encompasses technoscience and simplicity for the practical application of a punctual procedure, with multiple uses that facilitate the mass propagation of plant species with significantly higher quality indices in the industrial plantings, at a lower cost and with a lower environmental footprint.
Actualmente para la propagación comercial de plantas en los viveros, se encuentra una extensa variedad de contenedores plásticos, sin mayores diferencias conceptuales, y artefactos de soporte, fabricados mundialmente en procesos de alta tecnología de moldeo -la mayoría corresponden solo a registros de marcas- en presentaciones individuales o agrupados en bandejas con diferente número de cavidades independientes -para propagar en su interior especies vegetales-, de varios tamaños -área de las bocas en los extremos, profundidad y volumen-, diferentes formas -cónicos y bocas circulares, cuadradas, rectangulares o irregulares- y con diversos resaltos interiores para el control del espiral radical secundario. También contenedores de turba -Jiffy-Pot®-, bloques de propagación y bolsas de polietileno negro de humo. At the moment for the commercial propagation of plants in the nurseries, there is a wide variety of plastic containers, without major conceptual differences, and support devices, manufactured worldwide in high-tech molding processes - most correspond only to trademark registrations - in individual or grouped presentations in trays with different number of independent cavities -to propagate inside plant species-, of various sizes - area of the mouths at the ends, depth and volume-, different shapes -conical and circular, square, rectangular mouths or irregular- and with various interior highlights for the control of the secondary radical spiral. Also peat containers -Jiffy-Pot ® -, propagation blocks and bags of black smoke polyethylene.
Entre los contenedores y los elementos incorporados a la propagación vegetal comercial a nivel industrial en los viveros, se encuentran algunos accesibles en grupos de productos fabricados internacionalmente y muy pocos diseños en Colombia. Entre los habituales se enumeran contenedores individuales que deben leerse también como: macetas, ollas, pote, vasija, tubos, tubulares, bloques de propagación, recientemente tubetes, pellets forestal y complementos de soporte. La provisión de orificios de drenaje en las paredes laterales y en el fondo de las ollas se conoce desde hace mucho tiempo. Un ejemplo de macetas que tiene abertura de drenaje en las paredes laterales y un orificio de drenaje central en su pared inferior es la divulgada en la patente US 2404370. Sin embargo, estos orificios son bastante pequeños y limitan de este modo tanto el drenaje del exceso de líquidos como la entrada y circulación de aire. Además, de presentar el crecimiento de la raíz principal hacia abajo, a través de dichas aberturas en la parte inferior, lo cual es causa del enraizamiento en el piso, perturbando la plántula cuando se arranca de la era para moverla o ser llevada a campo. La patente US 3785088 A corresponde a una olla plástica de polietileno o polipropileno con dos series de aberturas, la primera serie con aberturas relativamente grandes y espaciadas vertical y circunferencialmente en la pared lateral de la olla y, la segunda serie en el fondo de la olla para el drenaje del exceso de humedad y en su interior bridas para dirigir las raíces hacia el centro de la olla. Su contenido de elementos de construcción es complejo, tamaño mínimo grande y nada funcional para cultivos industriales. Between the containers and the elements incorporated to the commercial vegetal propagation at industrial level in the nurseries, some are accessible in groups of products manufactured internationally and very few designs in Colombia. Among the usual ones are individual containers that should also be read as: pots, pots, pot, vessel, tubes, tubular, propagation blocks, recently tubes, forest pellets and support accessories. The provision of drainage holes in the side walls and at the bottom of the pots has been known for a long time. An example of pots having a drainage opening in the side walls and a central drainage hole in its lower wall is the one disclosed in US 2404370. However, these holes are quite small and thus limit both excess drainage. of liquids such as air inlet and circulation. In addition, to present the growth of the main root down, through said openings in the lower part, which is the cause of rooting in the ground, disturbing the seedling when it is torn from the era to move it or be taken to the field. US 3785088 A corresponds to a plastic polyethylene or polypropylene pot with two series of openings, the first series with relatively large openings and spaced vertically and circumferentially in the side wall of the pot and, the second series in the bottom of the pot for draining excess moisture and inside flanges to direct the roots towards the center of the pot. Its content of construction elements is complex, large minimum size and nothing functional for industrial crops.
Hasta el año 1 .975, las semillas se plantaban en bandeja de espuma de poliestireno que contenían el medio de crecimiento. Cuando las plántulas estaban listas para llevar a campo, las envolvían en papel encerado, pero la manipulación en el vivero, en el transporte -mayor y menor- y en el desempaquetado para ser trasferidas al medio edafoclimático donde se cultivaban ocasionaban que la raíz estuviese prácticamente desnuda, reduciendo así considerablemente la supervivencia. Until the year 1,975, the seeds were planted in a styrofoam tray containing the growth medium. When the seedlings were ready to take to the field, they were wrapped in waxed paper, but the manipulation in the nursery, in the transport - major and minor - and in the unpacking to be transferred to the soil-growing environment where they were grown caused the root to be practically naked, thus greatly reducing survival.
La invención de la patente US 3889416 A combina una bandeja de soporte y una pluralidad de tubos abiertos en ambos extremos, provistos de nervios longitudinales que controlan el espiralamiento de las raíces. Igualmente, en el sitio de plantación las plántulas deben ser extraídas de los tubos individuales para la siembra definitiva, afectando el contacto de las raíces con el medio de crecimiento y consecuentemente la supervivencia y el crecimiento continuo de las plántulas. Las celdas vacías de gran durabilidad pudiesen ser reutilizadas. The invention of US Patent 3889416 A combines a support tray and a plurality of open tubes at both ends, provided with longitudinal ribs that control the spiraling of the roots. Likewise, at the planting site the Seedlings should be extracted from the individual tubes for definitive planting, affecting the contact of the roots with the growth medium and consequently the survival and continuous growth of the seedlings. Empty cells of great durability could be reused.
Un problema común de la propagación de plántulas en contenedores plásticos termoformados, es la producción de estructuras de raíces secundarias orientadas geo trópicamente y la necesidad de separar el pan de tierra del contenedor para la plantación. Además, cuando los contenedores se colocan directamente en la tierra de la era -espacio donde se acomodan los contenedores en el piso o en estructuras de soporte-, la raíz se desarrolla en el suelo y debe ser podada al extraerla, por otra parte el contenedor puede tener una profundidad insuficiente que limita el crecimiento normal de la raíz principal. La patente US 4006558 A corresponde a un aparato tubular de dos piezas que al ser enganchadas forman un dispositivo de cavidad múltiple para la germinación y propagación de plántulas. Cada cavidad está corrugada alrededor de todo su perímetro exterior para dirigir el crecimiento de las raíces hacia abajo y evitar el espiral radical. La porción inferior se inclina hacia dentro terminando en una abertura más pequeña que la superior para permitir el drenaje y la poda de aire, dicho aparato se puede separar para revisar la raíz y volver a ponerlas juntas sin dañar la planta y descansar en un dispositivo sin que el fondo toque el suelo. Esta invención se refiere a un aparato de propagación de plantas en tubulares múltiples de dos piezas y encaje a presión que impide el cruce de raíces entre cavidades adyacente, capaz de mantener las plántulas hasta el momento de la siembra en su hábitat permanente. Esta invención corresponde a un dispositivo tubular que se conoce con el nombre comercial de Rootrainers, que impide que las raíces se crucen entre cavidades y tienen un orificio inferior para la poda de aire, pero el dispositivo no es independiente y requiere ser colocado en un recipiente especial. Actualmente las plantas se cultivan en el vivero y una vez alcanzan el desarrollo apto para campo son trasportadas en bandejas a los terrenos de siembra definitivos. Una vez en el terreno se extrae la plántula con el cepellón de la bandeja y se procede a la siembra. Este proceso genera efectos negativos en la planta debido a que durante la manipulación generalmente el cepellón se desintegra, la raíz queda desnuda y, en tales condiciones el proceso de adaptación de la especie vegetal a la oferta ambiental definitiva se menoscaba y la supervivencia disminuye. A common problem with the propagation of seedlings in thermoformed plastic containers is the production of geo-oriented secondary root structures and the need to separate the bread from the container for planting. In addition, when the containers are placed directly in the land of the era -space where the containers are placed on the floor or in support structures-, the root develops in the ground and must be pruned when removed, on the other hand the container it may have insufficient depth that limits the normal growth of the main root. US 4006558 A corresponds to a two-piece tubular apparatus which, when hooked, forms a multiple cavity device for germination and propagation of seedlings. Each cavity is corrugated around its entire outer perimeter to direct root growth down and avoid the radical spiral. The lower portion tilts inwards ending in a smaller opening than the upper one to allow drainage and air pruning, said apparatus can be separated to check the root and put them back together without damaging the plant and rest in a device without Let the bottom touch the ground. This invention relates to a plant propagation apparatus in multiple two-piece tubular and snap fit that prevents the crossing of roots between adjacent cavities, capable of maintaining the seedlings until the time of planting in their permanent habitat. This invention corresponds to a tubular device It is known by the trade name of Rootrainers, which prevents the roots from crossing between cavities and have a lower hole for air pruning, but the device is not independent and needs to be placed in a special container. Currently the plants are grown in the nursery and once they reach the field-appropriate development they are transported in trays to the final planting grounds. Once in the ground the seedling is extracted with the root ball of the tray and it is sown. This process generates negative effects on the plant because during manipulation the root ball usually disintegrates, the root is bare and, under such conditions, the process of adapting the plant species to the final environmental supply is impaired and survival decreases.
En la patente WO 2012042069 se describe un porta-semillas abierto en la parte superior para depositar el sustrato y una zona alveolar concebida para que en el seno de los mismos una vez se coloque la semilla, se lleve a cabo la germinación y el primer estadio de desarrollo de las plantas, logrando que esto se lleve a cabo en el lugar donde se va a implantar definitivamente la especie vegetal, evitando la manipulación tradicional que afecta negativamente el posterior crecimiento vegetativo. El receptáculo de configuración física similar a la de un polígono, se pueda manipular sin que sufra deterioro alguno debido a que su arquitectura permite adaptarse a las características del suelo. El principal inconveniente de este sistema consiste en que para la siembra se debe extraer la plántula del porta-semillas, no tienen bridas para el control del espiral radical y el manejo del desperdicio de agua, pesticidas e insumos agropecuarios es por aspersión; problema corregido con la invención propuesta, entre otras ventajas, como ya se ha dicho, dado que se elimina el riego, la fertilización y la aplicación de insumos agrícolas por aspersión y por goteo. De otra parte, las consideraciones de profundidad y volumen de la capacidad de los alveolos de los contenedores plásticos individuales o en bandeja, debe ser directamente proporcional a las exigencias de la especie vegetal que se multiplica y a la altura del tallo que se cosecha. La reciente patente U201331478 se refiere a un contenedor y bandeja forestal para el cultivo de especies frondosas que desarrollan una importante raíz pivotante desde su edad temprana en el vivero. La invención combina profundidad, volumen moderado, estrecha relación volumen/profundidad y baja densidad de plantas por metro cuadrado. Por ejemplo, en España los contenedores y bandejas accesibles tienen alveolos con un volumen entre 250 y 400 cm3, y una profundidad máxima de 180 mm. Para resolver el problema el contenedor patentado comprende un alveolo capaz de combinar una profundidad de 300 mm con un volumen moderado de 505 cm3, integrado en una bandeja forestal con 15 aberturas. El inconveniente que presenta esta invención es que a más profundidad del alveolo menos circulación de aire en el medio de crecimiento y mayor dificultad para extraer la plántula con cepellón para la plantación en campo. El peso de alrededor de 500 g por plántula, es un limitante cuando la siembra del bosque es retirada de las vías de acceso. Además las bandejas están limitadas solo a la crianza de especies frondosas específicas. Los Tubetes son fabricados en polietileno (PE) rígido, cónicos, individuales, con diferentes presentaciones, diseños y medidas -profundidad, abertura superior, base inferior, volumen y formas- todos con resaltos interiores verticales para el control del espiralamiento y en la parte inferior hoyos para el drenaje, retornables con vida útil en promedio de 7 años; estos tubetes comúnmente son utilizados en los viveros para la siembra en su interior de plántulas que durante el proceso de producción vegetal se requiere de una bandeja para acomodarlos verticalmente y una estructura porta bandejas. WO 2012042069 describes an open seed carrier in the upper part for depositing the substrate and an alveolar zone designed so that once the seed is placed in it, germination and the first stage are carried out. of plant development, ensuring that this is carried out in the place where the plant species will be permanently implanted, avoiding the traditional manipulation that negatively affects subsequent vegetative growth. The receptacle of physical configuration similar to that of a polygon, can be manipulated without suffering any deterioration because its architecture allows to adapt to the characteristics of the soil. The main drawback of this system is that for sowing the seedling must be removed from the seed holder, they do not have flanges for the control of the radical spiral and the management of waste of water, pesticides and agricultural inputs is by sprinkling; problem corrected with the proposed invention, among other advantages, as already said, since irrigation, fertilization and application of agricultural inputs by sprinkling and dripping are eliminated. On the other hand, the considerations of depth and volume of the capacity of the alveoli of the individual plastic containers or in tray, must be directly proportional to the demands of the plant species that multiplies and to the height of the stem that is harvested. The recent U201331478 patent refers to a container and forest tray for the cultivation of leafy species that develop an important pivoting root from their early age in the nursery. The invention combines depth, moderate volume, close volume / depth ratio and low plant density per square meter. For example, in Spain, accessible containers and trays have alveoli with a volume between 250 and 400 cm 3 , and a maximum depth of 180 mm. To solve the problem, the patented container comprises a socket capable of combining a depth of 300 mm with a moderate volume of 505 cm 3 , integrated in a forest tray with 15 openings. The drawback presented by this invention is that the deeper the airway, the less air circulation in the growth medium and the more difficult to extract the seedling with root ball for planting in the field. The weight of around 500 g per seedling is a limitation when the forest planting is removed from the access roads. In addition the trays are limited only to the raising of specific leafy species. The Tubetes are manufactured in rigid, conical, individual polyethylene (PE), with different presentations, designs and measures - depth, top opening, bottom base, volume and shapes - all with vertical interior highlights for spiral control and at the bottom drainage holes, returnable with an average life of 7 years; these tubes are commonly used in nurseries for sowing seedlings inside that during the plant production process requires a tray to accommodate them vertically and a tray-carrying structure.
Existen bandejas o también llamadas charolas, que son un sistema de espacios abiertos para colocar los tubetes verticalmente; otra presentación de bandejas, las más usadas, son las que tienen los alveolos incorporados para la siembra directa y son clasificadas de acuerdo a las dimensiones -largo, ancho, alto-, numero de cavidades, material de fabricación, vida útil, facilidad de limpieza y extracción de la plántula, material reciclable, costillas, estrías o rajas verticales; donde el número de cavidades es seleccionado según la abertura superior y su capacidad volumétrica y donde las estrías o rajas verticales en el interior de las paredes laterales guían las raíces hacia abajo evitando que estas den vueltas -espiralamiento-. Estas bandejas incluyen perforaciones en la base para el drenaje del exceso de agua y, permitir que el aire circule libremente dentro del envase para mayor desarrollo de la raíz y por lo tanto, plántulas de crecimiento más rápido. Entre más profundo sea el envase, las condiciones anaeróbicas para la raíz son más evidentes y además se presenta más dificultad para extraer el pan de tierra. Los fabricantes recomiendan apoyar las bandejas en estructuras que permitan la circulación libre del aire en la base, para la poda de las raíces. Los cubre bandejas son tapas que se ajustan sobre las bandejas con celdas individuales antes del proceso del llenado de los tubetes, para evitar que el sustrato se deposite entre las celdas. There are trays or also called trays, which are a system of open spaces to place the tubes vertically; Another presentation of trays, the most used, are those that have the built-in alveoli for direct sowing and are classified according to the dimensions - length, width, height -, number of cavities, manufacturing material, useful life, ease of cleaning and extraction of the seedling, recyclable material, ribs, stretch marks or vertical slits; where the number of cavities is selected according to the upper opening and its volumetric capacity and where the striations or vertical slits inside the side walls guide the roots down preventing them from turning -spiring-. These trays include perforations in the base for the drainage of excess water and, allow air to circulate freely inside the container for further root development and therefore, faster growing seedlings. The deeper the container, the anaerobic conditions for the root are more evident and more difficult to extract the bread from the ground. Manufacturers recommend supporting trays in structures that allow free air circulation at the base, for root pruning. The tray covers are covers that fit on the trays with individual cells before the process of filling the tubes, to prevent the substrate from depositing between the cells.
Las bandejas, tubetes y pellets forestales en los viveros deben de estar apoyados en estructuras complementarias entre las que se conocen: malla plástica o en acero, soportes construidos en tubería PVC para facilitar el almacenamiento y transporte y pies que encajan entre los alveolos de las bandejas facilitando el trasporte al sitio de plantación. Forest trays, tubes and pellets in nurseries must be supported by complementary structures among which are known: plastic or steel mesh, supports built in PVC pipe to facilitate storage and transport and feet that fit between the alveoli of the trays facilitating the transport to the planting site.
Actualmente existen los contenedores Jiffy-Pot®, pellet forestal (http://www.psiivicoia.com. rrix/prodüctos/jiffy-peliets/), que son contenedores fabricados de turba estéril con un porcentaje de fibra de madera para que conserve la forma durante su manejo, una malla exterior biodegradable (pared suave que permite el desarrollo natural de las raíces laterales, con mínima o ninguna deformación), con referencias que tienen orificios superiores grandes para la siembra de semilla o trasplante; características que favorecen el desarrollo de la plántula en campo dependiendo en gran medida de la humedad del suelo. Entre los inconvenientes se destacan los siguientes: En los centros de producción vegetal los pellet deben de estar apoyados en estructuras de soporte, la hidratación juega un papel importante para que se expandan verticalmente los pellets, en promedio cinco veces su tamaño original, el costo, el manejo del sistema de aplicación de los productos por aspersión, común en todos los viveros y, principalmente el déficit de humedad en campo que afecta las características del contenedor, resintiendo el sistema radical que deteriora el crecimiento de la plántula sembrada. There are currently Jiffy-Pot ® containers, forest pellet (http://www.psiivicoia.com. Rrix / prodüctos / jiffy-peliets /), which are containers made of sterile peat with a percentage of wood fiber to preserve the during its handling, a biodegradable outer mesh (soft wall that allows the natural development of the lateral roots, with minimal or no deformation), with references that have large upper holes for sowing seeds or transplants; characteristics that favor the development of the seedling in the field, depending largely on soil moisture. Among the disadvantages, the following stand out: In the centers of vegetable production, the pellets must be supported by support structures, hydration plays an important role so that the pellets expand vertically, on average five times their original size, the cost, the management of the system of application of the products by sprinkling, common in all the nurseries and, mainly the deficit of humidity in field that affects the characteristics of the container, resenting the radical system that deteriorates the growth of the sown seedling.
BREVE DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.
En la mayoría de los viveros la metodología universal de propagación vegetal es la siembra directa o trasplante en el interior de contenedores, por las siguientes ventajas: protección del sistema radical de las plantas durante su manipulación, la aclimatación en campo, el tiempo generoso para la siembra sin estrés, mayor sobrevivencia, crecimiento continuo en vivero y en el sitio definitivo. En los viveros los contenedores se agrupan formando eras longitudinales, generalmente de 90 cm de ancho, a ras del piso o en estructuras elevadas de soporte. El riego, la fertilización y los controles fitosanitarios son aplicados por aspersión foliar y pocas veces por goteo. In most nurseries, the universal methodology of plant propagation is direct sowing or transplanting inside containers, for the following advantages: protection of the radical system of plants during handling, acclimatization in the field, generous time for sowing without stress, greater survival, continuous growth in nursery and at the definitive site. In the nurseries the containers are grouped together forming longitudinal eras, generally 90 cm wide, at ground level or in elevated support structures. Irrigation, fertilization and phytosanitary controls are applied by foliar spray and rarely by drip.
El principal problema en la multiplicación de plantas en el Sector Agrícola, en línea con el protocolo de producción vegetal, es la selección acertada del contenedor ideal en concordancia con el desarrollo óptimo de las expresiones de los genomas de las especies, condiciones edafoclimáticas del sitio de plantación, el manejo técnico de la silvicultura y los costos durante el proceso de propagación en el vivero. Conjunto de factores directamente relacionados con la multiplicación adecuada según las exigencias de cada especie, para el éxito comercial de la siembra de bosques y frutales arbustivos. The main problem in the multiplication of plants in the Agricultural Sector, in line with the protocol of plant production, is the successful selection of the ideal container in accordance with the optimal development of the expressions of the genomes of the species, edaphoclimatic conditions of the site of planting, technical management of forestry and costs during the propagation process in the nursery. Set of factors directly related to the appropriate multiplication according to the requirements of each species, for the commercial success of planting forests and shrubs.
Al través de los años y todavía para la producción vegetal en los viveros universalmente se utilizan cantidades importantes de bolsas plásticas de polietileno negro de humo, generalmente de baja densidad (LDPE), por ser un envase barato, flexible, liviano, manejable, fácil de trasportar, su almacenamiento ocupa superficies mínimas con volúmenes máximos de contenedores disponibles. Pero los principales inconvenientes son el defecto del espiralamiento de las raíces secundarias alrededor del eje radical principal, afectando las funciones morfológicas y fisiológicas de las raíces tempranas, anomalía responsable, entre otras, del deficiente desarrollo vegetal y volcamiento en campo de algunos arbustos maduros por el estrangulamiento del tallo a nivel del cuello de la raíz, defecto reconocido por diferentes organizaciones científicas como el principal daño que afecta el índice de calidad de las plántulas (Proceedings of the North American Containerized Forest Tree Seedling Symposium, Over the years and still for the plant production in nurseries universally large amounts of plastic bags of black smoke polyethylene, usually of low density (LDPE) are used, as it is a cheap, flexible, lightweight, manageable, easy-to-use container. transporting, its storage occupies minimal surfaces with maximum volumes of containers available. But the main disadvantages are the defect of the spiraling of the secondary roots around the main radical axis, affecting the morphological and physiological functions of the early roots, an anomaly responsible, among others, for the poor plant development and overturning of some mature shrubs by the stem strangulation at the root neck level, a defect recognized by different scientific organizations as the main damage affecting the seedling quality index (Proceedings of the North American Containerized Forest Tree Seedling Symposium,
Denver, Colorado, 1 .974). Además, las pequeñas perforaciones circulares en las paredes de la bolsa no permiten la oxigenación del pan de tierra y el desarrollo natural horizontal del sistema radical; colocadas en las eras las posturas se enraizan en el suelo y se debe mover el material, que genera más costos y daños vegetativos. Además, en el sitio de plantación para extraer la plántula del contenedor e interrumpir el enrollamiento de las raíces, se tiene que hacer un corte vertical en la bolsa con la pérdida de más del 30% de las raíces y promoviendo focos de inoculación de enfermedades y, el más sentido, la huella ambiental del producto plástico en campo. Denver, Colorado, 1 .974). In addition, small circular perforations in the walls of the bag do not allow the oxygenation of the earth bread and the horizontal natural development of the radical system; placed in the ages the positions are rooted in the ground and the material must be moved, which generates more costs and vegetative damages. In addition, at the planting site to extract the seedling from the container and interrupt the curl of the roots, a vertical cut must be made in the bag with the loss of more than 30% of the roots and promoting foci of disease inoculation and , the most felt, the environmental footprint of the plastic product in the field.
A diferencia de los contenedores y del manejo silvícola en el patio de crianza referenciado en los antecedentes, la presente invención tiene como objeto solucionar con éxito los puntos de control de los índices de calidad y costos en la multiplicación de las plántulas en los viveros. La invención comprende un contenedor degradable para la propagación de plantas, caracterizado por contener una película plástica de polietileno degradable químicamente y por biodeterioro, con amplias aberturas geométricas individuales, distribuidas y dimensionadas en proporción al tamaño del contenedor en uso, las cuales no sobrepasan el 40% del área lateral de la pared del cilindro del contenedor sin fondo, con el propósito de oxigenar el sistema radical de la planta para su máximo desarrollo. Además, el crecimiento predominante de los meristemos primarios de absorción, que se extienden radialmente hacia el exterior; y potenciar la simbiosis micorrizica o nodulacíon por rhizobium según la especie, para obtener en contexto un suficiente número de raicillas activas en el momento de abordar la plantación en campo sin extraer la plántula del contenedor. También, el área y forma del troquelado de las ventanas debe permitir el llenado del sustrato sin desperdicio y una mínima deformación de las aristas de las aberturas que intervienen en el refuerzo del control del espiralamentiento -uno de los cuatro defectos del sistema radical-. El contenedor de la presente invención permite la fabricación amigable, versátil y económica de las especificaciones del contenedor requerido por el experto profesional del vivero. El objeto de la utilidad esta direccionado a reemplazar los contenedores referenciados en los antecedentes de la invención, principalmente el extenso consumo de las bolsas plásticas de polietileno negro de humo de baja densidad (LDPE), fabricadas con resinas derivadas del petróleo, huella ambiental significativa por el impacto del producto en campo. Plástico prohibido en varios países y con tendencia a ser descontinuado mundialmente en el año 2018. La invención incluye además un recipiente con base y paredes monolíticas, impermeables, caracterizado por estar moldeado con materiales de la familia de los termoplásticos en procesos industriales de soplado, en concreto armado o cualquier otro material que garantice su estructura, conservando el principio de la invención; fijos o movibles, con conexiones para el suministro de agua e insumos agropecuarios en solución para la sanidad y crecimiento de las plántulas sin desperdicio, con indicador del nivel del agua o solución disponible en el recipiente para mantener la humedad de contacto sin saturar la capacidad de campo del sustrato, con un sistema de drenaje para el manejo silvícola, sin revestimiento o con revestimiento interior con una solución de betún refinado, adhesivos y compuestos plastificantes con aditivos que pueden ser aplicados con brocha y reforzado opcionalmente con dos capas y un alma para el control del desarrollo de la raíz -suberizacion- fuera de la base del contenedor. También en el recipiente se pueden acomodar los contenedores ordenadamente en las eras libres de arvenses y, opcionalmente la propagación en el recipiente de flores, aromáticas y medicinales sin utilizar contenedores. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS FIGURAS Unlike containers and silvicultural management in the breeding yard referenced in the background, the present invention aims to successfully solve the control points of quality and cost indices in the multiplication of seedlings in nurseries. The invention comprises a degradable container for plant propagation, characterized by containing a chemically degradable polyethylene plastic film and biodeterioration, with large individual geometric openings, distributed and sized in proportion to the size of the container in use, which does not exceed 40 % of the lateral area of the cylinder wall of the bottomless container, in order to oxygenate the plant's radical system for maximum development. In addition, the predominant growth of primary meristems of absorption, which extend radially outwards; and enhance mycorrhizal symbiosis or nodulation by rhizobium according to the species, to obtain in context a sufficient number of active rootlets at the time of approaching the field plantation without removing the seedling from the container. Also, the area and shape of the die-cutting of the windows must allow the substrate to be filled without waste and a minimum deformation of the edges of the openings that intervene in the reinforcement of the spiral control -one of the four defects of the radical system-. The container of the present invention allows the friendly, versatile and economical manufacture of the specifications of the container required by the professional expert of the nursery. The object of the utility is directed to replace the containers referenced in the background of the invention, mainly the extensive consumption of plastic bags of low density black smoke polyethylene (LDPE), made with petroleum-derived resins, significant environmental footprint by The impact of the product in the field. Plastic prohibited in several countries and with a tendency to be discontinued worldwide in 2018. The invention also includes a container with a monolithic base and walls, waterproof, characterized by being molded with materials from the family of thermoplastics in industrial blowing processes, in reinforced concrete or any other material that guarantees its structure, preserving the principle of the invention; fixed or movable, with connections for the supply of water and agricultural inputs in solution for the health and growth of seedlings without waste, with indicator of the level of water or solution available in the container to maintain contact humidity without saturating the capacity of field of the substrate, with a drainage system for silvicultural management, without coating or with internal coating with a solution of refined bitumen, adhesives and plasticizing compounds with additives that can be applied by brush and optionally reinforced with two layers and a core for the root development control - pipeline - outside the base of the container. Also in the container the containers can be arranged neatly in the erases free of weeds and, optionally the propagation in the container of flowers, aromatic and medicinal without using containers. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Para comprender mejor la descripción y las reivindicaciones, los dibujos adjuntos ayudan de por sí solos a reseñar las ventajas de las características de los elementos con que cuenta la invención para abordar la solución evidente de la mejor manera de llevar a cabo la utilidad, para solucionar la problemática planteada en el cuerpo del presente documento, como un ejemplo ilustrativo no limitativo de la invención, en los que: La Figura 1 es una vista de planta del troquelado de la película tubular plana de plástico - polietileno degradable- suficientemente flexible para la formación circular del área perimetral de las paredes del contenedor individual de la invención. To better understand the description and the claims, the accompanying drawings by themselves help to review the advantages of the features of the elements available to the invention to address the obvious solution in the best way to carry out the utility, to solve the problem raised in the body of the present document, as an illustrative non-limiting example of the invention, in which: Figure 1 is a plan view of the die cut of the flat tubular plastic film - degradable polyethylene - sufficiently flexible for forming circular perimeter area of the walls of the individual container of the invention.
La Figura 2 perspectiva del contenedor plástico -polietileno degradable- que comprende el troquelado y el medio de crecimiento donde se aloja la plántula en crecimiento. Figure 2 perspective of the plastic container - degradable polyethylene - comprising the die cut and the growth medium where the growing seedling is housed.
La Figura 3 es una vista en perspectiva del recipiente de propagación vegetal. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the plant propagation vessel.
La Figura 3,1 muestra una vista de perfil lateral derecho de la pared ensamblada a la base sustancialmente plana del conjunto del recipiente de la Figura 3, con un mecanismo fuera del recipiente para operar el contenido de humedad y soluciones disponibles para la crianza de la planta e ilustrando además la escala del nivel de las soluciones en el recipiente. DESCRIPCIÓN DETALLADA DE LA INVENCIÓN Figure 3.1 shows a right side profile view of the wall assembled to the substantially flat base of the container assembly of Figure 3, with a mechanism outside the container to operate the moisture content and solutions available for aging of the container. plant and further illustrating the scale of the level of the solutions in the container. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
De acuerdo con la presente invención, la descripción detallada de los dibujos del contendedor degradable es ilustrativa, con el objeto de dar claridad a la solución de los problemas planteados en el presente documento y no debe interpretarse como limitativa de la misma. Las diferentes modificaciones preferidas por los expertos pueden ser posibles sin apartasen del espíritu y alcance de la invención como se define en las reivindicaciones adjuntas. A lo largo de la descripción detallada de la invención, los elementos similares se designan con las referencias iniciales para mejor comprensión. In accordance with the present invention, the detailed description of the drawings of the degradable container is illustrative, in order to give clarity to the solution of the problems raised in this document and should not be construed as limiting it. The different modifications preferred by the experts may be possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Throughout the detailed description of the invention, similar elements are designated with the initial references for better understanding.
La FIG. 2 muestra las características puntuales y funcionales del contenedor (1 ) degradable, moldeado con cualquier película tubular plana, de la familia de los polímeros plásticos (10), como se muestra en la FIG. 1 , de estructura macromolecular de origen natural, clasificados internacionalmente como polímeros de baja densidad, código 4, biodegradable (EDPs), de fácil acceso en el mercado de los plásticos, económico y amigable la fabricación de los diseños según el calibre del polímero correspondiente a las dimensiones -diámetro, profundidad- requeridas por el cultivo especifico. FIG. 2 shows the specific and functional characteristics of the degradable container (1), molded with any flat tubular film, of the family of plastic polymers (10), as shown in FIG. 1, of macromolecular structure of natural origin, classified internationally as low density polymers, code 4, biodegradable (EDPs), easily accessible in the plastics market, economical and friendly manufacturing of designs according to the polymer caliber corresponding to the dimensions - diameter, depth - required by the specific crop.
El contenedor (1 ) comprende una pared (26) exterior cilindrica troquelada con una pluralidad (12), (14), (16) de cualquier tipo de aberturas geométricas que comprenden áreas individuales de aproximadamente entre 0,233 cm2 y máximo 4,54 cm2, sustancialmente grandes, sin sobrepasar el 40% del área colectiva total de la superficie de la pared (26) cilindrica. La abertura de cada una de las ventanas tiene preferiblemente un rango aproximado entre el 0.2 % y el 1 .9% en proporción al tamaño del área lateral del plástico del contenedor usado para el cultivo de la plántula, en una relación preferente de 0,38:1 diámetro/altura del contenedor (1 ). Además, cuando se llena el volumen de la cavidad interior del contenedor (1 ) con el medio de crecimiento (22) donde se aloja la plántula (24), las aberturas facilitan el drenaje, la aireación del sustrato que promueve el crecimiento natural de los meristemos primarios que se extienden radialmente. Por otra parte, la presión ejercida por el sustrato deforma levemente las aristas de las ventanas (12), (14), (16), perfeccionando el control del giro de las raíces secundarias alrededor de la pared lateral interna del contenedor. Como se entenderá el trasporte y almacenamiento de la película tubular (10) no requiere mayor espacio físico. Una vez empacada la película tubular (10) con el sustrato, el contenedor (1 ) se coloca directamente en el piso de las eras del patio de producción vegetal o se acomodan en el recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, por último la siembra de la plántula (24) en el sitio definitivo se hace sin extraer la planta del contenedor (1 ), por cuanto la película del contenedor es de un material biodegradable. The container (1) comprises a cylindrical outer wall (26) punched out with a plurality (12), (14), (16) of any type of geometric openings comprising individual areas of approximately 0.233 cm 2 and maximum 4.54 cm 2 , substantially large, without exceeding 40% of the total collective area of the surface of the cylindrical wall (26). The opening of each of the windows preferably has an approximate range between 0.2% and 1.9% in proportion to the size of the lateral area of the window. container plastic used for seedling cultivation, at a preferred ratio of 0.38: 1 diameter / height of the container (1). In addition, when the volume of the inner cavity of the container (1) is filled with the growth medium (22) where the seedling (24) is housed, the openings facilitate drainage, aeration of the substrate that promotes the natural growth of the primary meristems that extend radially. On the other hand, the pressure exerted by the substrate slightly deforms the edges of the windows (12), (14), (16), improving the control of the rotation of the secondary roots around the inner side wall of the container. As will be understood the transport and storage of the tubular film (10) does not require more physical space. Once the tubular film (10) is packed with the substrate, the container (1) is placed directly on the floor of the eras of the vegetable production yard or they are accommodated in the plant propagation container (3), finally the planting of The seedling (24) at the final site is made without removing the plant from the container (1), since the film of the container is made of a biodegradable material.
Por otro lado, a manera de ejemplo, el recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal de la invención, mostrado en la FIG. 3, en la realización práctica adopta una configuración rectangular sustancialmente plana pero que puede ser cualquier otro arreglo apropiado sin que ello afecte la esencia de la invención. La pared (30) lateral vertical se extiende en todo el contorno de la base (28) para formar suficiente integridad estructural monolítica del recipiente (3) impermeable, construido fijo o portátil con cualquier material o agregado que se dosifique en función del tamaño o la condición del recipiente (3) en concordancia con las características de la invención como medio para acomodar en su interior una pluralidad de contenedores (1 ) o un medio de cultivo (22) para germinar, trasplantar o cultivar toda clase de especies vegetales. Como se muestra en la FIG.3 sobre la base (28) se instala el sistema (32) de lengüetas perforadas, ensambladas con elementos y accesorios de hasta 28,8 mm de On the other hand, by way of example, the plant propagation vessel (3) of the invention, shown in FIG. 3, in the practical embodiment it adopts a substantially flat rectangular configuration but which can be any other suitable arrangement without affecting the essence of the invention. The vertical side wall (30) extends over the entire contour of the base (28) to form sufficient monolithic structural integrity of the waterproof container (3), built fixed or portable with any material or aggregate that is dosed according to size or size. condition of the container (3) in accordance with the characteristics of the invention as a means to accommodate inside a plurality of containers (1) or a culture medium (22) to germinate, transplant or cultivate all kinds of plant species. As shown in FIG. 3 on the base (28), the system (32) of perforated tongues is installed, assembled with elements and accessories up to 28.8 mm.
diámetro o cualquier otro mecanismo que tenga la doble función de: el drenaje del recipiente (3) y suministrar a la planta (24) agua, nutrientes y agroquímicos en solución. En el detalle ampliado en la FIG. 3.1 , la red de suministro (34) regulada con el registro de paso (36) y los anillos (38) de drenaje, los cuales comprenden accesorios calibrados para el suministro de la humedad de contacto y los productos fitosanitarios solubles al sustrato (22) según la dosis formulada en el protocolo experimental de la producción vegetal de la plántula (24) del contenedor (1 ) o concretamente otro ejemplo de la realización es llenar con el sustrato (22) el recipiente (3) con múltiples cavidades según las necesidades del cultivo vegetal, en la eventualidad que se utilice el recipiente (3) para la crianza de semillas y plántulas que no requieren contenedor (1 ) individual como lo son las aromáticas, medicinales, hortalizas y flores, entre otros cultivos. La profundidad, el número y la forma de las cavidades en cada recipiente (3) dependen de la densidad predeterminada a un espacio medio de crecimiento en función de las variables: especie, altura de cosecha y el ahilamiento. diameter or any other mechanism that has the dual function of: draining the container (3) and supplying the plant (24) with water, nutrients and agrochemicals in solution. In the detail enlarged in FIG. 3.1, the supply network (34) regulated with the passage register (36) and the drainage rings (38), which include calibrated accessories for the supply of contact moisture and soluble phytosanitary products to the substrate (22) according to the dose formulated in the experimental protocol of the plant production of the seedling (24) of the container (1) or specifically another example of the embodiment is to fill the container (3) with multiple cavities with the substrate (22) according to the needs of the vegetable cultivation, in the event that the container (3) is used for the breeding of seeds and seedlings that do not require individual container (1) such as aromatic, medicinal, vegetables and flowers, among other crops. The depth, the number and the shape of the cavities in each container (3) depend on the predetermined density at an average growth space depending on the variables: species, crop height and hoisting.
Como complemento de la estructura descrita, el citado recipiente (3) incluye además el revestimiento (20) interior que puede ser una solución de betún refinado con adhesivos y compuestos plastificantes con aditivos que impiden que las raíces migren a lo largo de la superficie de la base (28) sin afectar la planta; se puede aplicar el revestimiento con brocha una o dos capas con una tela de refuerzo o espuma de celda cerrada entre las dos capas. En la medida que la planta aumenta su tamaño, la raíz se extiende progresivamente dentro el contenedor (1 ) en todos los sentidos; como se mencionó anteriormente, el revestimiento interno del recipiente (3), por ejemplo funciona de por sí solo en la base (28) controlando también el dominio del crecimiento de la raíz principal, induciendo el desarrollo copioso e importante del sistema de raíces secundarias tempranas. As a complement to the described structure, said container (3) also includes the inner lining (20) which can be a solution of bitumen refined with adhesives and plasticizing compounds with additives that prevent the roots from migrating along the surface of the base (28) without affecting the plant; One or two layers can be applied by brush coating with a reinforcement fabric or closed cell foam between the two layers. As the plant increases in size, the root progressively extends into the container (1) in every way; as mentioned above, the inner lining of the container (3), for example works by itself in the base (28) also controlling the growth domain of the main root, inducing the copious and important development of the early secondary root system.
En contexto la descripción, y sus diferencias en el cuerpo del documento no persiguen excluir características técnicas, aditivas, ventajas, objetos o pasos que se desprenden por la descripción o por la práctica de los peritos en la materia de la invención, englobando la utilidad en todas las posibles combinaciones de realizaciones particulares y preferidas aquí indicadas. Las características novedosas de esta invención, tanto en cuanto a la forma de construcción de la utilidad del contenedor y el recipiente, se entenderán mejor con referencia a las figuras y a la descripción detallada de la invención. Debe entenderse, sin embargo, que las figuras y la descripción son sólo ilustrativos y no pretenden ser una definición del alcance de la invención. In context, the description, and its differences in the body of the document, do not seek to exclude technical characteristics, additives, advantages, objects or steps that are derived by the description or by the practice of the experts in the subject of the invention, encompassing the usefulness in all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein. The novel features of this invention, both in terms of the construction of the utility of the container and the container, will be better understood with reference to the figures and the detailed description of the invention. It should be understood, however, that the figures and description are illustrative only and are not intended to be a definition of the scope of the invention.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES. CLAIMS.
1 . Un contenedor (1 ) degradable de plástico, flexible, económico, dispuesto para contener en su interior el medio de crecimiento para el cultivo de plántulas, que comprende una pared (26) lateral con ambos extremos (18) abiertos y con una pluralidad de aberturas geométricas laterales (12), (14), (16). one . A degradable plastic container (1), flexible, economical, arranged to contain inside the growth medium for seedling cultivation, comprising a side wall (26) with both ends (18) open and with a plurality of openings geometric sides (12), (14), (16).
2. El contenedor (1 ) degradable según la reivindicación 1 , que comprende en su interior un medio de crecimiento (22) donde se aloja la plántula (24). 2. The degradable container (1) according to claim 1, which comprises in its interior a growth medium (22) where the seedling (24) is housed.
3. El contenedor (1 ) degradable según la reivindicación 1 , donde la pared (26) lateral está dispuesta de forma circular con ambos extremos (18) abiertos y con una pluralidad de aberturas geométricas laterales (12), (14), (16) espaciadas y distribuidas equidistantes una de otra, suficientemente amplias, hasta un máximo del 40% de la superficie de la pared del contenedor (1 ) degradable. 3. The degradable container (1) according to claim 1, wherein the side wall (26) is arranged circularly with both ends (18) open and with a plurality of lateral geometric openings (12), (14), (16 ) spaced and distributed equidistant from one another, sufficiently wide, up to a maximum of 40% of the surface of the wall of the container (1) degradable.
4. El contenedor (1 ) degradable según la reivindicación 1 donde la pluralidad de aberturas geométricas comprenden áreas individuales de aproximadamente entre 0,233 cm2 y máximo 4,54 cm2. 4. The degradable container (1) according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of geometric openings comprise individual areas of approximately 0.233 cm 2 and maximum 4.54 cm 2 .
5. El contenedor (1 ) degradable según la reivindicación 1 , en el que, el calibre del plástico de la pared (26) circular es directamente proporcional al área del cilindro del contenedor (1 ) usado para el cultivo de la plántula en una relación de 0.38:1 diámetro/altura del contenedor (1 ). 5. The degradable container (1) according to claim 1, wherein the caliber of the circular wall plastic (26) is directly proportional to the cylinder area of the container (1) used for seedling cultivation in a ratio of 0.38: 1 diameter / height of the container (1).
6. El contenedor (1 ) degradable según la reivindicación 1 , en el la pared (26) lateral comprende polímeros plásticos (10) de estructura macromolecular de origen natural, como polímeros de baja densidad, biodegradable (EDPs). 6. The degradable container (1) according to claim 1, in the side wall (26) comprises plastic polymers (10) of macromolecular structure of natural origin, such as low density, biodegradable polymers (EDPs).
7. El contenedor (1 ) degradable según la reivindicación 1 , se dispone directamente en el piso de las eras del patio de producción vegetal o en el recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal. 7. The degradable container (1) according to claim 1 is disposed directly on the floor of the eras of the vegetable production yard or in the plant propagation container (3).
8. Un recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, concebido tanto como medio para acomodar contenedores (1 ) para propagación de plantas o como medio de cultivo con elementos orgánicos y fitosanitarios encajonados en el recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, caracterizado porque comprende una base (28), paredes (30) laterales verticales en contorno a la base (28), y un sistema (32) conectado al tubo madre de la red (34) de suministro y a las conexiones (40) de presión calibradas. 8. A plant propagation container (3), conceived both as a means to accommodate containers (1) for plant propagation or as a culture medium with organic and phytosanitary elements encased in the plant propagation container (3), characterized in that it comprises a base (28), vertical side walls (30) in contour to the base (28), and a system (32) connected to the mother tube of the supply network (34) and to the calibrated pressure connections (40).
9. El recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, según la reivindicación 5 donde el recipiente comprende un revestimiento (20) seleccionado del grupo que comprende betún refinado o adhesivos plastificantes con aditivos. 9. The plant propagation container (3) according to claim 5 wherein the container comprises a coating (20) selected from the group comprising refined bitumen or plasticizer adhesives with additives.
10. El recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, según la reivindicación 5 comprende un sistema de suministro (32) de riego y soluciones indispensables para el desarrollo y sanidad de los cultivos vegetales en la base (28) que incluye lengüetas perforadas, ensambladas con elementos y accesorios de hasta 28,8 mm de diámetro. 10. The plant propagation vessel (3) according to claim 5 comprises an irrigation supply system (32) and essential solutions for the development and sanitation of plant crops in the base (28) including perforated tongues, assembled with elements and accessories up to 28.8 mm in diameter.
1 1 . El recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal según la reivindicación 5, comprende una base (28) sustancialmente plana y de cualquier arreglo geométrico, unida monolíticamente a las paredes laterales (30) impermeables. eleven . The plant propagation vessel (3) according to claim 5, comprises a substantially flat base (28) and of any geometric arrangement, monolithically bonded to the impermeable side walls (30).
12. El recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, según la reivindicación 5, caracterizado por, estar constituido o moldeado con materiales de la familia de los termoplásticos en procesos industriales de soplado, en concreto armado o cualquier otro material que garantice su estructura, conservando el principio de la invención. 12. The plant propagation container (3) according to claim 5, characterized in that it is constituted or molded with materials of the thermoplastic family in industrial blowing processes, in reinforced concrete or any other material that guarantees its structure, preserving The principle of the invention.
13. El recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, impermeable, según la reivindicación 6, donde el material de revestimiento comprende una solución de betún refinado, adhesivos, compuestos plastificantes y aditivos, que pueden ser aplicados con brocha y opcionalmente reforzado con dos capas y un alma. 13. The waterproof propagation container (3) according to claim 6, wherein the coating material comprises a solution of refined bitumen, adhesives, plasticizing compounds and additives, which can be applied by brush and optionally reinforced with two layers and a soul.
14. El recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, según las reivindicaciones anteriores se caracteriza por ser impermeable de estructura monolítica, con o sin revestimiento, permanente o movible. 14. The plant propagation vessel (3) according to the preceding claims is characterized as being waterproof of monolithic structure, with or without coating, permanent or movable.
15. El recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, comprende medios para la disposición en su interior a una pluralidad de contenedores (1 ) o un medio de cultivo (22) para germinar semillas, trasplante y desarrollo de plantas. 15. The plant propagation vessel (3), comprises means for disposing therein a plurality of containers (1) or a culture medium (22) for germinating seeds, transplantation and plant development.
16. El recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que el sistema (32) comprende un registro (36) para el abastecimiento de agua, soluciones nutritivas y fitosanitarias al medio de crecimiento de la planta (24) y bandas (38) de drenaje, riego y fertilización. 16. The plant propagation vessel (3) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the system (32) comprises a register (36) for the supply of water, nutrient and phytosanitary solutions to the plant growth medium ( 24) and bands (38) of drainage, irrigation and fertilization.
17. El recipiente (3) de propagación vegetal, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, comprende múltiples cavidades según las necesidades del cultivo vegetal para la crianza de semillas y plántulas como lo son las aromáticas, medicinales, hortalizas y flores, entre otros cultivos. 17. The plant propagation container (3), according to any of the preceding claims, comprises multiple cavities according to the needs of the vegetable crop for the breeding of seeds and seedlings such as aromatic, medicinal, vegetables and flowers, among other crops.
PCT/IB2018/053197 2017-05-09 2018-05-08 Degradable container and recipient for plant propagation WO2018207098A1 (en)

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GB2216378A (en) * 1988-03-02 1989-10-11 John James Nash Apparatus and method for propagating and growing plants
JP2001148944A (en) * 1999-11-26 2001-06-05 Nh Hatasaku Kenkyusho:Kk Nursery set and nursery method
CN1309888A (en) * 2000-12-27 2001-08-29 林屯 Plant mattress cultivating method and equipment
US20060150504A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-07-13 Kosderka Timothy L Method for packing and planting young plants
US20100115835A1 (en) * 2008-11-12 2010-05-13 Peter Ronneke Tube For plant cultivation preventing root twist
US20120266536A1 (en) * 2007-07-25 2012-10-25 Ball Horticultural Company Bottomless plant container

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2045044A (en) * 1977-09-30 1980-10-29 Gruber B Process and apparatus for growing plants
GB2216378A (en) * 1988-03-02 1989-10-11 John James Nash Apparatus and method for propagating and growing plants
JP2001148944A (en) * 1999-11-26 2001-06-05 Nh Hatasaku Kenkyusho:Kk Nursery set and nursery method
CN1309888A (en) * 2000-12-27 2001-08-29 林屯 Plant mattress cultivating method and equipment
US20060150504A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-07-13 Kosderka Timothy L Method for packing and planting young plants
US20120266536A1 (en) * 2007-07-25 2012-10-25 Ball Horticultural Company Bottomless plant container
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