WO2018112891A1

WO2018112891A1 - Method and device for signal transmission, and apparatus

Info

Publication number: WO2018112891A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/111734
Authority: WO
Inventors: 刘晓健; 魏岳军
Original assignee: 华为技术有限公司
Priority date: 2016-12-23
Filing date: 2016-12-23
Publication date: 2018-06-28

Abstract

Provided in the embodiments of the present invention are a method and a device for signal transmission, and an apparatus. The method comprises: after acquiring a bit sequence to be mapped, a device for signal transmission determining, according to a constellation mapping constraint condition, a coordinate point corresponding to said bit sequence in a target quadrant of a QAM constellation coordinate system, i.e. searching for an optimal mapping relation of said bit sequence, acquiring a constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point, thereby transmitting a constellation symbol over a channel. The ordinate distribution of coordinate points within the coordinate system is obtained by rotating the abscissa distribution by 90 degrees in a preset direction, taking the origin as the center. By defining a constellation mapping constraint condition of a certain quadrant of the coordinate system of a constellation diagram, the embodiments of the present invention realize the search for an optimal mapping relation, and compared with the mapping and optimization of the overall constellation diagram, can reduce the searching space of the optimal mapping relation, improving operation efficiency.

Description

Method, device and device for transmitting signals

Technical field

The embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a method, device, and device for transmitting signals.

Background technique

In the field of communication, signals are encoded, constellated, and transmitted in the form of symbols in the channel. The constellation mapping refers to mapping a bit sequence carrying digital information into a symbol sequence suitable for transmission, which includes a constellation diagram and a constellation point mapping manner. The constellation diagram is a set of all the values of the constellation symbols; the constellation point mapping method is a specific mapping relationship of the input bit sequence to the constellation points. In a higher-order Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) communication system, information bits are channel-coded and mapped onto the constellation, constrained by the shape of the QAM constellation, and the output of the constellation map is ideal Gaussian The distribution is far apart, so there is a gap between the information transmission rate and the channel capacity under constellation constraints. This difference is called the shaping loss, and the gain caused by the constellation constraint is closer to the Gaussian distribution. Shaping gain.

In order to obtain a larger shaping gain, the constellation point with a large peripheral energy of the 64QAM constellation can be deleted at present, and the reduction of the number of constellation points is compensated by the way that the small energy constellation point simultaneously represents two to three bit sequences. However, there is no specific construction method of constellation mapping at present. If the optimal mapping relationship is searched in an exhaustive manner, the search space is large and the operation efficiency is low.

Summary of the invention

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method, a device and a device for transmitting signals, which can reduce the search space of the optimal mapping relationship in the constellation mapping process during signal transmission, and improve the operation efficiency.

A first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention discloses a method for transmitting a signal, and the method may include:

After acquiring the bit sequence to be mapped, the device for transmitting a signal may determine a coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint, that is, search for an optimal mapping of the bit sequence to be mapped. Relationship, thereby obtaining a constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point, And transmitting the constellation symbol in the channel.

Wherein, the ordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system is obtained by rotating the horizontal coordinate distribution by 90 degrees in the preset direction centered on the coordinate origin, and the target quadrant may refer to any quadrant of the coordinate system.

Specifically, the ordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system is obtained by the horizontal coordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system centered on the origin of the coordinate system, and rotated by 90 degrees according to the preset direction, which can be obtained by the following steps:

1) The device for transmitting signals can first define the abscissa X _{i of} 64 coordinate points, i is a positive integer. Since there are 16 coordinate points in each quadrant, the value of i can be defined as: i∈[0,15 ].

2) The device transmitting the signal then obtains the distribution of the ordinate Y _{j of the} coordinate point according to the distribution of the abscissa X _i , j is a positive integer, and the value of j is: j ∈ [0, 15]. Centering on the origin of the coordinate system, the abscissa distribution of the coordinate points is rotated by 90 degrees according to the preset direction to obtain the corresponding ordinate distribution.

3) The means for transmitting the signal thereby combines the two labels at the same position of the coordinate system, i.e., X _i and Y _j , to obtain the coordinates of the coordinate point, represented by (X _i , Y _j ).

It can be understood that the coordinate point of the coordinate system can also be determined as follows: firstly determine the ordinate distribution of the coordinate point, and then rotate the ordinate distribution by 90 degrees in a clockwise direction to obtain a corresponding abscissa distribution. Finally, the ordinate distribution and the abscissa distribution are combined to obtain corresponding coordinate points.

Specifically, the QAM constellation diagram may be a 44QAM constellation diagram, and the 44QAM constellation diagram may be equivalent to a 64QAM constellation diagram in which a part of the constellation points coincide. Each quadrant of the coordinate system respectively contains 16 coordinate points, at least one coordinate point in the coordinate system corresponds to one constellation point, and one constellation point corresponds to one constellation symbol.

Specifically, the constellation mapping constraint of the target quadrant may specifically include the following: (1) defining a value space of the abscissa X _i and the ordinate Y _j of each coordinate point in the target quadrant, and the value space includes four Value; (2) If the i and j of the coordinate point are the same, the abscissa X _{i of} the coordinate point has the same value as the ordinate Y _j ; (3) the coordinates between the coordinate points in the target quadrant do not coincide, that is, Each value in the value space of the abscissa can only be taken by four coordinate points, and each value in the value space of the ordinate can only be used by four coordinate points; (4) the specified condition is satisfied. The Gray relation is satisfied between the coordinate points.

Among them, the constraints (1) to (3) ensure that all the bit sequences to be mapped (6-bit binary sequences) have unique coordinate points corresponding thereto, and at the same time, as long as the value of the abscissa X _i is determined, The value of the ordinate Y _j is obtained. Moreover, among the 16 coordinate points of the target quadrant, as long as the values of the 10 coordinate points are determined, the remaining values can be obtained, which greatly reduces the search space. When a constellation point corresponds to a plurality of coordinate points, the highest position of the abscissa and the ordinate (ie, the most important position) does not have multiple values, which can effectively protect the reliability of the information. The constraint condition (4) ensures that when the constellation symbol is demodulated into a bit sequence, the mutual information level of the bit level can be preserved to the greatest extent, and the effect of reducing the search space can also be achieved.

Further, satisfying the Gray relationship between the coordinate points satisfying the specified condition may specifically include the following three cases:

Case 1: In the case where one coordinate point corresponds to one constellation point, the Gray relation must be satisfied between two coordinate points adjacent to each other within the target quadrant.

Case 2: The constellation point whose distance from the origin of the coordinate system corresponding to the constellation point is a preset distance corresponds to two coordinate points, and the Gray relation must be satisfied between the two coordinate points.

Case 3: When two or more coordinate points correspond to one constellation point, at least one coordinate point corresponding to the constellation point must have a Gray relationship between the coordinate points corresponding to the adjacent constellation points . If there are two or more coordinate points corresponding to adjacent constellation points, then a Gray relation needs to be satisfied at least with one of the coordinate points. Wherein, the adjacent constellation points refer to constellation points adjacent to each other in the coordinate system corresponding to the constellation points.

It can be understood that the bit sequences of the two coordinate points satisfying the Gray relation differ by only one bit.

Further, for the constraint condition (1), the value space of the abscissa X _i and the ordinate Y _j of the coordinate points in the target quadrant may specifically include the following cases:

Case 1: If the target quadrant is any quadrant in the coordinate system (ie, the first quadrant, the second quadrant, the third quadrant, or the fourth quadrant), the values of the abscissa X _i and the ordinate Y _j can be Is (000,001,010,011).

Case 2: If the target quadrant is the first quadrant in the coordinate system, the value space of the abscissa X _i and the ordinate Y _j are also (000, 001, 010, 011).

Case 3: If the target quadrant is the second quadrant in the coordinate system, the value space of the abscissa X _i is (100, 101, 110, 111), and the value space of the ordinate Y _j is (000, 001, 010, 011).

Case 4: If the target quadrant is the third quadrant in the coordinate system, the value space of the abscissa X _i and the ordinate Y _j may both be (100, 101, 110, 111).

Case 5: If the target quadrant is the fourth quadrant in the coordinate system, the value space of the abscissa X _i is (000, 001, 010, 011), and the value space of the ordinate Y _j is (100, 101, 110, 111).

Optionally, after acquiring the bit sequence to be mapped, the device for transmitting signals may further divide the bit sequence to be mapped (6-bit binary sequence) into a first bit group and a second bit group.

The specific manner of determining, by the device for transmitting a signal, the coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint condition may be:

Taking the first bit group as the abscissa and the second bit group as the ordinate, the coordinate points corresponding thereto are determined in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint.

It should be noted that the bit sequence to be mapped is a 6-bit binary sequence, and the first bit group of the bit sequence to be mapped and the binary sequence included in the second bit group have the same number of bits. The bit group may be specifically divided into: the first bit group is the first three bits of the sequence, the second bit group is the last three bits of the sequence; the first bit group is the last three bits of the sequence, and the second bit group is the second bit group. The first three bits of the sequence; the first bit group is the odd bit of the sequence, the second bit group is the even bit of the sequence; the first bit group is the even bit of the sequence, and the second bit group is the odd bit of the sequence; Or other ways, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited.

Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention achieves the effect of optimizing the constellation only by modifying the constellation mapping relationship without changing the uniform distribution of the constellation diagram. This method has little effect on the original 64QAM constellation and is received by the existing communication system. The changes required are small. Further, by defining a series of constraints, the workload of the search can be effectively reduced, so that finding the optimal mapping relationship becomes feasible in the amount of computation.

The second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention discloses an apparatus for transmitting a signal, where the apparatus may include an obtaining module, a searching module, a transmitting module, and a dividing module, and may be used to execute the method for transmitting a signal disclosed in the first aspect, by defining a coordinate system. The constellation mapping constraint of a certain quadrant is used to realize the search of the optimal mapping relationship. Compared with the mapping optimization of the entire constellation diagram, the search space of the optimal mapping relationship can be greatly reduced, and the computing efficiency is improved.

A third aspect of the embodiments of the present invention discloses a device for transmitting a signal, where the device may include an input device, an output device, and a processor, and may be used to perform the method for transmitting a signal disclosed in the first aspect by defining a certain quadrant in the coordinate system. Constellation mapping constraints to achieve optimal mapping relationship search, phase Compared with the mapping optimization of the entire constellation diagram, the search space of the optimal mapping relationship can be greatly reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved.

Embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

In the embodiment of the present invention, after acquiring the bit sequence to be mapped, the device for transmitting a signal may determine a coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint condition, that is, the search to be mapped. An optimal mapping relationship of the bit sequence, thereby acquiring a constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point, and transmitting the constellation symbol in the channel. Wherein, the ordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system is obtained by rotating the abscissa distribution by 90 degrees in the preset direction centering on the coordinate origin. The embodiment of the present invention realizes the search of the optimal mapping relationship by defining constellation mapping constraints of a certain quadrant in the coordinate system, and can greatly reduce the search space of the optimal mapping relationship, and improve the search space of the optimal mapping relationship. Operational efficiency.

DRAWINGS

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3a is a schematic diagram of a coordinate system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3b is a schematic diagram showing the abscissa distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

3c is a schematic diagram showing an ordinate distribution of coordinate points in a coordinate system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3d is a schematic diagram of distribution of coordinate points in a coordinate system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

3e is a schematic diagram of a correspondence relationship between a constellation point and a coordinate point according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4a is a schematic diagram of distribution of a constellation mapping relationship disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of another distribution of constellation mapping relationships disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

FIG. 4c is a schematic diagram showing another distribution of constellation mapping relationships according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

4d is a schematic diagram showing another distribution of constellation mapping relationships disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG.

6 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a method for receiving a signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for receiving a signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for receiving a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.

detailed description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a method, a device and a device for transmitting signals, which can reduce the search space of the optimal mapping relationship in the constellation mapping process during signal transmission, and improve the operation efficiency. The details are described below separately.

For a better understanding of a method, device and device for transmitting signals disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention, a communication system architecture to which the embodiments of the present invention are applied will be described below. Please refer to FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present invention. In order to improve spectral efficiency, a new generation of wireless communication systems is bound to adopt a higher order modulation method. The combination of Binary Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code and Bit Interleaved Code Modulation (BICM) is a solution that is currently likely to be adopted and has been adopted by many international standards. Adoption, for example, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) develops the IEEE 802.11n standard and the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) DVB-X2 standard for wireless local area networks. Therefore, the communication system to which the embodiment of the present invention is applied may be the BICM communication system using the LDPC code shown in FIG. 1. Of course, the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to other communication systems, for example, a general BICM communication system, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment of the present invention mainly uses a BICM communication system using an LDPC code as an example for development.

The communication system shown in FIG. 1 includes an LDPC encoder, a bit interleaver, a symbol mapper, a channel, a symbol demapper, a bit deinterleaver, an LDPC decoder, a feedback device, an interleaver, and the like. Wherein, the portion of the dotted line in FIG. 1 (composed of the feedback device and the interleaver) represents a BICM Iterative Decoding (BICM-ID) communication system using an iterative demodulation code, and if the feedback loop is not considered, the communication system For the ordinary BICM communication system.

In the communication system shown in FIG. 1, the signal transmitting end first encodes the signal to be transmitted by an LDPC encoder, and then performs bit interleaving by a bit interleaver to obtain a bit sequence to be mapped, and then The bit sequence to be mapped is constellation mapped at the symbol mapper, i.e., the bit sequence to be mapped carrying the digital information is mapped into constellation symbols suitable for transmission in the communication channel, thereby transmitting the constellation symbol in the communication channel. After receiving the constellation symbol, the receiving end performs mapping by the corresponding symbol demapper to obtain a corresponding bit sequence, and then performs bit deinterleaving and LDPC decoding on the bit sequence, corresponding to the signal to be transmitted sent by the transmitting end. Thereby the transmission of the signal in the communication system is achieved.

Based on the system architecture shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for transmitting a signal. Please refer to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a method for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein, the method described in FIG. 2 can be applied to a signal transmitting end in a communication system, such as various handheld devices having wireless communication functions, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, and Various forms of user equipment, mobile stations (MS), terminals, terminal equipment (TE), and the like. As shown in FIG. 2, the method for transmitting a signal may include the following steps:

201. The device for transmitting a signal acquires a bit sequence to be mapped.

In the embodiment of the present invention, before the signal is transmitted in the communication channel, the signal is subjected to coding and/or bit interleaving to obtain a bit sequence to be mapped, and the signal device is configured to obtain a bit sequence to be mapped that needs to perform constellation mapping.

202. The apparatus for transmitting a signal according to a constellation mapping constraint is a coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in a target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the device for transmitting signals may establish a coordinate system for the QAM constellation in advance, and specifically, according to the symmetry of the QAM constellation distribution, the constellation points are represented by coordinates, thereby establishing a QAM constellation coordinate system. In this coordinate system, the ordinate distribution of the coordinate points is obtained by rotating the abscissa distribution by 90 degrees in the preset direction centering on the coordinate origin. The constellation mapping constraint is a constellation mapping constraint of the target quadrant of the coordinate system, wherein the target quadrant may refer to any quadrant of the coordinate system, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

The QAM constellation diagram may refer to a QAM constellation diagram of a 44-star order (hereinafter referred to as a 44QAM constellation diagram), or a QAM constellation diagram of a 64-star order, or a QAM constellation diagram of a galaxy of 128 or more. The embodiments of the invention are not limited. The embodiment of the present invention mainly expands with a 44QAM constellation diagram, wherein, for the 44QAM constellation diagram, it can be equivalent to a partial constellation point coincident 64 The QAM constellation of the star level.

That is to say, when the QAM constellation is a 44QAM constellation, the bit sequence to be mapped needs to be a 6-bit binary sequence.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the constellation points of the 44QAM constellation are distributed on a two-dimensional plane, and generally the horizontal axis is defined as the horizontal axis, and the vertical axis is defined as the vertical axis, then the two-dimensional space where the 44QAM constellation is located can be Divided into 4 quadrants, as shown in Figure 3a, to establish a corresponding 44QAM constellation coordinate system. It can be understood that in the coordinate system, the horizontal axis can also be defined as a real axis, and the vertical axis is correspondingly defined as an imaginary axis. Of course, the horizontal axis can also be exchanged with each other, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

In the coordinate system, each quadrant contains 16 coordinate points, corresponding to 16 6-bit binary sequences, each constellation has 11 constellation points, and each constellation point corresponds to at least one coordinate point.

In the specific implementation, the distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system can be seen in FIG. 3b. The ordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system is obtained by the horizontal coordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system centered on the origin of the coordinate system, and rotated by 90 degrees according to the preset direction. Specifically, the following steps can be obtained:

1) In Figure 3b, the device for transmitting signals can first define the abscissa X _{i of} 64 coordinate points, i is a positive integer. Since there are 16 coordinate points in each quadrant, the value of i can be defined as: i ∈[0,15]. Specifically: 16 coordinate points are marked in a certain quadrant (the labels of the coordinate points may also be labeled in other manners, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present invention), and then obtained according to the symmetric relationship between the four quadrants. The label of the quadrant coordinate point, the label of the 64 coordinate points is the value of i corresponding to the coordinate point, thereby obtaining the abscissa distribution of 64 coordinate points.

2) The device transmitting the signal then obtains the distribution of the ordinate Y _{j of the} coordinate point according to the distribution of the abscissa X _i , j is a positive integer, and the value of j is: j ∈ [0, 15]. For example, centering on the origin of the coordinate system, the abscissa distribution of the coordinate points is rotated by 90 degrees according to a preset direction to obtain a corresponding ordinate distribution, as shown in FIG. 3c. The preset direction may specifically be a counterclockwise direction. It will be understood that the

first quadrants

13, 14, and 15 of Fig. 3c are obtained by counterclockwise rotation of the

fourth quadrants

13, 14, and 15 of Fig. 3b centered on the coordinate origin.

3) The means for transmitting the signal thereby combines the two labels at the same position of the coordinate system, i.e., X _i and Y _j , to obtain the coordinates of the coordinate point, represented by (X _i , Y _j ), as shown in Fig. 3d.

Please refer to FIG. 3e. FIG. 3e is a schematic diagram of the correspondence between constellation points and coordinate points disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention. As can be seen from Figure 3e, within the first quadrant, coordinate points (15, 13), (14, 14), and (13, 15) Corresponding to a constellation point, coordinate points (11, 7) and (12, 8) correspond to a constellation point, coordinate points (7, 11) and (8, 12) correspond to a constellation point, and coordinate points (0, 9) ) corresponds to a constellation point, etc. Therefore, one constellation point corresponds to at least one coordinate point.

It should be noted that the constellation mapping constraint of the target quadrant may include: (1) defining a value space of the abscissa X _i and the ordinate Y _j of each coordinate point in the target quadrant, where the value space includes four values; (2) If the i and j of the coordinate point are the same, the abscissa X _{i of} the coordinate point is the same as the value of the ordinate Y _j ; (3) the coordinates between the coordinate points in the target quadrant do not coincide, that is, the horizontal Each value in the coordinate space of the coordinate can only be taken by four coordinate points, and each value in the value space of the ordinate can only be used by four coordinate points; (4) the coordinates satisfying the specified condition The Gray relationship is satisfied between points.

Among them, the constraints (1) to (3) ensure that all 6-bit binary sequences (bit sequences to be mapped) have unique coordinate points corresponding thereto, and as long as the value of the abscissa X _i is determined, The value of the ordinate Y _j is obtained. Moreover, among the 16 coordinate points of the target quadrant, as long as the values of the 10 coordinate points are determined, the remaining values can be obtained, which greatly reduces the search space. When a constellation point corresponds to a plurality of coordinate points, the highest position (ie, the most important position) of the real part (abscissa) and the imaginary part (ordinate) does not have multiple values, which can effectively protect the reliability of the information. The constraint condition (4) ensures that when the constellation symbol is demodulated into a bit sequence, the mutual information level of the bit level can be preserved to the greatest extent, and the effect of reducing the search space can also be achieved.

Case 1: In the case where one coordinate point corresponds to one constellation point, the Gray relation must be satisfied between two coordinate points adjacent to each other within the target quadrant. For example, the coordinate points (0, 9) and (3, 10) in the first quadrant of Figure 3d or Figure 3e must satisfy the Gray relation.

Case 2: The constellation point whose distance from the origin of the coordinate system corresponding to the constellation point is a preset distance corresponds to two coordinate points, and the Gray relation must be satisfied between the two coordinate points. Wherein, the constellation point corresponding coordinate system is the coordinate system shown in FIG. 3e, and there is a certain relationship between each constellation point and the origin of the coordinate system corresponding to the constellation point. The distance is sorted according to the order of distance from small to large. The preset distance specifically refers to the distance between the origin of the coordinate system corresponding to the constellation point is only the distance greater than the minimum distance, for example, the coordinate point within the first quadrant in FIG. 3e ( 11,7) and (12,8) correspond to the constellation points, the constellation points corresponding to the coordinate points (7, 11) and (8, 12), and the Gray relation must be satisfied between the two coordinate points.

Case 3: When two or more coordinate points correspond to one constellation point, at least one of the at least two coordinate points corresponding to the constellation point satisfies a Gray relationship with a coordinate point corresponding to the adjacent constellation point. If there are two or more coordinate points corresponding to adjacent constellation points, then a Gray relation needs to be satisfied at least with one of the coordinate points. Wherein, the adjacent constellation points refer to constellation points adjacent to each other in the coordinate system corresponding to the constellation points, for example, the constellation points corresponding to the coordinate points (7, 11) and (8, 12) in the first quadrant of Fig. 3e The constellation points corresponding to the coordinate points (5, 5) and (6, 6) are adjacent.

It can be understood that the two coordinate points satisfying the Gray relation only differ by one bit. For example, in FIG. 4a, the coordinate point (000, 010) and the coordinate point (000, 011) in the first quadrant have only one ordinate. The bits are different.

It can be understood that, for case one, regardless of which quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system is defined, the scope of protection of the solution is the scope of the solution. For Case 2 to Case 5, regardless of which quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system defines constraints, it is also within the scope of protection of this scheme.

Optionally, after acquiring the bit sequence to be mapped, the device for transmitting signals may further divide the bit sequence to be mapped (6-bit binary sequence) into a first bit group and a second bit group. Then, the device for transmitting the signal may determine the coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint:

In some feasible implementation manners, the preset condition defined by the solution (ie, the constellation mapping constraint of the target quadrant may correspond to the constraint condition of the mapping relationship of other quadrants). According to the constellation mapping constraint, an optimal mapping relationship can be obtained. Searching for constellation symbols corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped may be specifically searched according to an optimal mapping relationship.

For example, please refer to FIG. 3d together, the device for transmitting signals takes the coordinate point (X ₀ , Y ₉ ) of the first quadrant as the root node, selects its value, and then according to the condition 1 in the constraint condition (4) Select the values of the coordinate points (X ₃ , Y ₁₀ ) adjacent to the coordinate points (X ₀ , Y ₉ ), and then select the coordinate points (X ₂ , Y ₄ ), the coordinate points (X ₁ , Y ₁ ), The values of the coordinate points (X ₇ , Y ₁₁ ) and the coordinate points (X ₈ , Y ₁₂ ), as well as the determination of the coordinate points (X ₅ , Y ₅ ), the coordinate points (X ₆ , Y ₆ ), and the coordinate points (X ₁₅ , Y ₁₃ ) and the coordinates (X ₁₄ , Y ₁₄ ), so as to obtain coordinate points (X ₄ , Y ₂ ), coordinate points (X ₁₃ , Y ₁₅ ), coordinate points (X ₁₁ , Y ₇ ) and The values of the coordinate points (X ₁₂ , Y ₈ ), the coordinate points (X ₁₀ , Y ₃ ), and the coordinate points (X ₉ , Y ₀ ). If a coordinate point cannot satisfy the constellation mapping constraint of the first quadrant when the value is taken, the previous coordinate point is returned, and the value of the previous coordinate point is reselected.

Further, the device for transmitting signals can calculate the mutual information level of the bit level by Monte Carlo simulation for a given combination of the signals under the given signal-to-noise ratio condition, and the combination with the largest value is the optimal result.

For another example, if the value shown in the first quadrant is defined as X _i Table 1:

Table 1

ii	00	11	22	33	44	55	66	77
X_i X _i	000000	000000	000000	000000	001001	001001	011011	001001
i i	88	99	1010	1111	1212	1313	1414	1515
X_i X _i	001001	010010	011011	010010	011011	011011	010010	010010

The mapping relationship of the corresponding constellation diagram is as shown in FIG. 4a, and the device for transmitting the signal searches for the coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped according to the mapping relationship of the constellation diagram. The mapping relationship satisfies the constellation mapping constraint of the first quadrant, and the bit-level mutual information can be maximized under the same SNR condition.

If the value of X _i in the first quadrant is defined, as shown in Table 2:

Table 2

ii	00	11	22	33	44	55	66	77
X_i X _i	011011	011011	010010	010010	011011	010010	000000	011011
i i	88	99	1010	1111	1212	1313	1414	1515
X_i X _i	010010	001001	001001	000000	000000	000000	001001	001001

The mapping relationship of the corresponding constellation diagram is as shown in FIG. 4b, and the device for transmitting the signal searches for the coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped according to the mapping relationship of the constellation diagram. The mapping relationship satisfies the constellation mapping constraint of the first quadrant, and the bit-level mutual information can be maximized under the same SNR condition.

If the value of X _i in the first quadrant is defined, as shown in Table 3:

table 3

ii	00	11	22	33	44	55	66	77
X_i X _i	000000	000000	000000	000000	010010	010010	011011	010010
i i	88	99	1010	1111	1212	1313	1414	1515
X_i X _i	010010	001001	011011	011011	001001	011011	001001	001001

The mapping relationship of the corresponding constellation diagram is as shown in FIG. 4c, and the device for transmitting the signal searches for the coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped according to the mapping relationship of the constellation diagram. Wherein, the mapping relationship satisfies the constraint condition of the constellation mapping in the first quadrant, and the bit-level mutual information may be under the same SNR condition to reach maximum.

If the value of X _i in the first quadrant is defined, as shown in Table 4:

Table 4

ii	00	11	22	33	44	55	66	77
X_i X _i	001001	010010	000000	001001	010010	001001	000000	001001
i i	88	99	1010	1111	1212	1313	1414	1515
X_i X _i	000000	000000	010010	011011	011011	010010	011011	011011

The mapping relationship of the corresponding constellation diagram is as shown in FIG. 4d, and the device for transmitting the signal searches for the coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped according to the mapping relationship of the constellation diagram. The mapping relationship satisfies the constellation mapping constraint of the first quadrant, and the bit-level mutual information can be maximized under the same SNR condition.

204. The apparatus for transmitting a signal acquires a constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the transmission signal device determines the coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint condition, so that the corresponding constellation point can be obtained according to FIG. 3e, thereby obtaining A constellation symbol corresponding to the constellation point.

204. The device transmitting the signal transmits the constellation symbol.

In the embodiment of the present invention, after acquiring the constellation symbol corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped, the device for transmitting the signal may thereby transmit the constellation symbol in the communication channel.

Further, after receiving the constellation symbol, the receiving end may also demap according to the constellation mapping constraint to obtain a corresponding bit sequence.

It can be understood that the embodiment of the present invention achieves the effect of optimizing the constellation only by modifying the constellation mapping relationship without changing the uniform distribution of the constellation diagram. This method has little effect on the original 64QAM constellation, and is existing. The changes required to receive the communication system are small. Further, by defining a series of constraints, the workload of the search can be effectively reduced, so that finding the optimal mapping relationship becomes feasible in the amount of computation.

It can be seen that, in the method described in FIG. 2, after acquiring the bit sequence to be mapped, the device for transmitting a signal may determine a coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint condition. , that is, searching for the optimal mapping relationship of the bit sequence to be mapped, thereby obtaining A constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point is taken, and the constellation symbol is transmitted in the channel. Wherein, the ordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system is obtained by rotating the abscissa distribution by 90 degrees in the preset direction centering on the coordinate origin. The embodiment of the present invention realizes the search of the optimal mapping relationship by defining constellation mapping constraints of a certain quadrant in the coordinate system, and can greatly reduce the search space of the optimal mapping relationship, and improve the search space of the optimal mapping relationship. Operational efficiency.

Based on the system architecture shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an apparatus for transmitting a signal. Please refer to FIG. 5. FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. Wherein, the apparatus for transmitting signals described in FIG. 5 can be applied to a signal transmitting end in a communication system, such as various handheld devices having wireless communication functions, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing connected to a wireless modem. Equipment, as well as various forms of user equipment, MS, terminal, TE, etc. As shown in FIG. 5, the apparatus for transmitting a signal may specifically include the following modules:

The obtaining module 501 is configured to obtain a bit sequence to be mapped.

The determining module 502 is configured to determine, according to the constellation mapping constraint, a coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in a target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system, wherein the ordinate distribution of the coordinate point in the coordinate system is determined by the coordinate in the coordinate system The abscissa distribution of the point is centered on the origin of the coordinate system and is rotated by 90 degrees in a predetermined direction.

The acquiring module 501 is further configured to acquire a constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point.

The transmission module 503 is configured to transmit the constellation symbol.

The target quadrant may be any quadrant of the coordinate system, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

It can be understood that the ordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system is obtained by the horizontal coordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system centered on the origin of the coordinate system, and rotated by 90 degrees according to the preset direction. Specifically, the following steps can be obtained:

It can be understood that there is only one bit difference between two coordinate points satisfying the Gray relation.

It can be seen that, in the apparatus for transmitting signals described in FIG. 5, after acquiring the bit sequence to be mapped, the apparatus for transmitting a signal may determine, according to the constellation mapping constraint, the bit sequence corresponding to the to-be-mapped bit sequence in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system. The coordinate point, that is, the optimal mapping relationship of the bit sequence to be mapped, is obtained, thereby acquiring the constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point, and transmitting the constellation symbol in the channel. among them, The ordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system is obtained by rotating the abscissa distribution by 90 degrees in the preset direction centering on the coordinate origin. The embodiment of the present invention realizes the search of the optimal mapping relationship by defining constellation mapping constraints of a certain quadrant in the coordinate system, and can greatly reduce the search space of the optimal mapping relationship, and improve the search space of the optimal mapping relationship. Operational efficiency.

Based on the system architecture shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an apparatus for transmitting signals. Please refer to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for transmitting a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device for transmitting signals described in FIG. 6 may include: at least one input device 601, at least one output device 602, at least one processor 603, such as a CPU, a memory 604, and at least one communication bus 605, the input device 601, and the output. Device 602, processor 603, and memory 604 are coupled by a bus 605.

The input device 601 may specifically be a touch panel and a receiver of a device for transmitting signals, and the touch panel includes a touch screen and a touch screen for detecting an operation instruction on the touch panel, and the receiver is configured to receive an external device and send the Data and instructions, such as bit sequences to be mapped.

The output device 602 may specifically be a display screen and a transmitter of a device for transmitting a signal, the display screen is used for outputting a display interface, etc., and the transmitter is configured to send data and instructions to an external device, such as a signal receiving end in the communication system, such as obtaining Constellation symbol.

The above memory 604 may be a high speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory such as a disk memory. The above-mentioned memory 604 is used to store a set of program codes, and the input device 601, the output device 602, and the processor 603 are used to call the program code stored in the memory 604, and perform the following operations:

The input device 601 is configured to acquire a bit sequence to be mapped.

The processor 603 is configured to determine, according to a constellation mapping constraint, a coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in a target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system, where the ordinate distribution of the coordinate point in the coordinate system is within the coordinate system The abscissa distribution of the coordinate point is centered on the origin of the coordinate system, and is rotated by 90 degrees in a predetermined direction.

The processor 603 is further configured to acquire a constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point.

The output device 602 is configured to transmit the constellation symbol.

1) The processor 603 may first define the abscissa X _{i of} 64 coordinate points, i is a positive integer. Since there are 16 coordinate points in each quadrant, the value of i can be defined as: i∈[0,15 ].

2) The processor 603 then obtains the distribution of the ordinate Y _{j of the} coordinate points according to the distribution of the abscissa X _i , j is a positive integer, and the value of j is: j ∈ [0, 15]. Centering on the origin of the coordinate system, the abscissa distribution of the coordinate points is rotated by 90 degrees according to the preset direction to obtain the corresponding ordinate distribution.

3) The processor 603 combines the two labels at the same position of the coordinate system, that is, X _i and Y _j , to obtain the coordinates of the coordinate point, which is represented by (X _i , Y _j ).

Optionally, after the input device 601 obtains the bit sequence to be mapped, the processor 603 further divides the bit sequence to be mapped (6-bit binary sequence) into a first bit group and a second bit group. Then, the specific manner in which the processor 603 determines the coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint may be:

It should be noted that the bit sequence to be mapped is a 6-bit binary sequence, and the first bit group of the bit sequence to be mapped and the binary sequence included in the second bit group have the same number of bits. The division of the bit group can be specifically Therefore, the first bit group is the first three bits of the sequence, the second bit group is the last three bits of the sequence; the first bit group is the last three bits of the sequence, and the second bit group is the first three bits of the sequence. The first bit group is an odd bit of the sequence, the second bit group is an even bit of the sequence; the first bit group is an even bit of the sequence, and the second bit group is an odd bit of the sequence; or other manner, The embodiments of the invention are not limited.

It can be seen that, in the device for transmitting signals described in FIG. 6, after acquiring the bit sequence to be mapped, the device for transmitting a signal may determine, according to the constellation mapping constraint, the bit sequence corresponding to the to-be-mapped bit sequence in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system. The coordinate point, that is, the optimal mapping relationship of the bit sequence to be mapped, is obtained, thereby acquiring the constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point, and transmitting the constellation symbol in the channel. Wherein, the ordinate distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system is obtained by rotating the abscissa distribution by 90 degrees in the preset direction centering on the coordinate origin. The embodiment of the present invention realizes the search of the optimal mapping relationship by defining constellation mapping constraints of a certain quadrant in the coordinate system, and can greatly reduce the search space of the optimal mapping relationship, and improve the search space of the optimal mapping relationship. Operational efficiency.

Based on the system architecture described in FIG. 1, the embodiment of the present invention correspondingly discloses a method for receiving a signal. Please refer to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a method for receiving a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 7, the method can be applied to a signal receiving end in a communication system, such as various handheld devices having wireless communication functions, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, and Various forms of user equipment, MS, terminal, TE, etc. As shown in FIG. 7, the method for receiving a signal may include the following steps:

701. A device that receives a signal receives a constellation symbol transmitted by a device that transmits a signal.

702. The apparatus for receiving a signal demaps the constellation symbol in a QAM constellation according to a constellation mapping constraint to obtain a soft value sequence.

703. The apparatus for receiving a signal decodes the soft sequence by a decoder to obtain a corresponding bit sequence.

In the embodiment of the present invention, after receiving the constellation symbol transmitted by the device from the transmission signal through the communication channel, the device that receives the signal may correspondingly perform the constellation symbol according to the constellation mapping constraint of the target quadrant of the 44QAM constellation coordinate system. Demap, resulting in a 6-bit binary soft value sequence. Wherein, if there is one coordinate point corresponding to the constellation symbol corresponding to the constellation point, the obtained soft value sequence is the bit sequence of the response; if the constellation symbol corresponds to the coordinate point corresponding to the constellation point, there are two or Three, then the obtained soft value sequence needs to zero the third and/or sixth position in the sequence, so that it is further decrypted by the decoder to obtain the corresponding bit sequence.

For example, referring to FIG. 4d together, it is assumed that the constellation points corresponding to the constellation symbols received by the device receiving the signal are the coordinate points (010, 111), (011, 111), and (011) of the fourth quadrant in FIG. 4d. , 110) corresponding constellation point, then the demapping of the constellation symbol, the third and sixth of the obtained soft value sequence is zero, that is, the obtained soft value sequence is 010110. The device receiving the signal then decodes it through the decoder to obtain an accurate bit sequence.

It can be seen that in the method described in FIG. 7, the apparatus for receiving a signal can demap the constellation symbols obtained by the method described in FIG. 1 to obtain a corresponding bit sequence, thereby completing the transmission of the signal in the communication system.

Based on the system architecture described in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present invention correspondingly discloses an apparatus for receiving a signal. Please refer to FIG. 8. FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for receiving a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 8, the apparatus can be applied to a signal receiving end in a communication system, such as various handheld devices having wireless communication functions, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, computing devices, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, and Various forms of user equipment, MS, terminal, TE, etc. As shown in FIG. 8, the apparatus for receiving a signal may include:

The receiving module 801 is configured to receive a constellation symbol sent by a device that transmits a signal.

The demapping module 802 is configured to demap the constellation symbol in the QAM constellation according to the constellation mapping constraint to obtain a soft value sequence.

The decoding module 803 is configured to decode the soft value sequence by using a decoder to obtain a corresponding bit sequence.

Please refer to FIG. 9. FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for receiving a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device for receiving signals described in FIG. 9 may include: at least one input device 901, at least one output device 902, at least one processor 903, such as a CPU, a memory 904, and at least one communication bus 905, the input device 901, and the output. Device 902, processor 903, and memory 904 are coupled by a bus 905.

The input device 901 is specifically a touch panel and a receiver of the device that receives the signal, and the touch panel includes a touch screen and a touch screen, and is used for detecting an operation instruction on the touch panel, and the receiver is used for Receive data and instructions sent by external devices, such as constellation symbols.

The output device 902 may specifically be a display screen and a transmitter of a device that receives a signal, the display screen is used to output a display interface, etc., and the transmitter is configured to send data and instructions to the external device.

The above memory 904 may be a high speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory such as a disk memory. The above-mentioned memory 904 is used for storing a set of program codes, and the input device 901, the output device 902, and the processor 903 are used to call the program code stored in the memory 904, and perform the following operations:

The input device 901 is configured to receive a constellation symbol sent by a device that transmits a signal.

The processor 903 is configured to demap the constellation symbol in the QAM constellation according to the constellation mapping constraint to obtain a soft value sequence.

The processor 903 is further configured to decode the soft value sequence by using a decoder to obtain a corresponding bit sequence.

It can be seen that the device receiving the signal can demap the constellation symbols obtained by the method described in FIG. 1 to obtain a corresponding bit sequence, thereby completing the transmission of the signal in the communication system.

It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, the descriptions of the various embodiments are different, and the parts that are not described in detail in a certain embodiment may be referred to the related descriptions of other embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present invention.

The steps in the method of the embodiment of the present invention may be sequentially adjusted, merged, and deleted according to actual needs.

The apparatus for transmitting a signal and the module for receiving a signal according to an embodiment of the present invention may be combined, divided, and deleted according to actual needs.

The device for transmitting a signal and the device for receiving a signal in the embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by a general-purpose integrated circuit, such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). .

A person skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the process of implementing the above embodiment method can be completed by a computer program to instruct related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer readable storage medium. When executed, the flow of an embodiment of the methods as described above may be included. The storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or random access memory (RAM).

The method, device and device for transmitting signals disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are described in the specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the present invention. The invention and its core ideas; at the same time, those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific embodiments and application scope. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be construed as Limitations of the invention.

Claims

A method of transmitting a signal, the method comprising:

Obtaining a bit sequence to be mapped;

Determining a coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in a target quadrant of a quadrature amplitude modulation QAM constellation coordinate system according to a constellation mapping constraint, wherein an ordinate distribution of coordinate points in the coordinate system is performed by the coordinate system The abscissa distribution of the inner coordinate point is centered on the origin of the coordinate system, and is rotated by 90 degrees in a preset direction;

Obtaining a constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point;

Transmitting the constellation symbol.
The method according to claim 1, wherein the QAM constellation is a 44QAM constellation, each quadrant of the coordinate system respectively comprises 16 coordinate points, and at least one coordinate point in the coordinate system corresponds to one A constellation point, a constellation point corresponding to a constellation symbol.
The method of claim 2 wherein the constellation mapping constraints comprise:

The value space of the abscissa X i and the ordinate Y j of each coordinate point in the target quadrant includes four values, wherein i and j are positive integers, i ∈ [0, 15], j ∈ [0, 15 ];

If the i of the coordinate point is the same as j, the abscissa X i of the coordinate point is the same as the value of the ordinate Y j ;

The coordinates between the coordinate points in the target quadrant do not coincide;

A Gray relation is satisfied between coordinate points that satisfy the specified condition.
The method according to claim 3, wherein the Gray relation is satisfied between the coordinate points satisfying the specified condition, including:

In the case where one coordinate point corresponds to one constellation point, the Gray relation is satisfied between adjacent coordinate points;

or,

In the case that two coordinate points correspond to one constellation point, a Gray relationship is satisfied between the two coordinate points, and a distance between the constellation point and an origin of a coordinate system corresponding to the constellation point is a preset distance;

or,

In a case where at least two coordinate points correspond to one constellation point, at least one of the at least two coordinate points corresponding to the constellation point satisfies a Gray relationship with at least one coordinate point corresponding to the adjacent constellation point.
The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the target quadrant is any quadrant of the coordinate system, and the abscissa X i and the ordinate Y j of the coordinate points in the target quadrant Both are (000, 001, 010, 011).
The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein in the case where the target quadrant is the first quadrant, the values of the abscissa X i and the ordinate Y j of the coordinate points in the target quadrant are both Is (000,001,010,011);

Or, in the case that the target quadrant is the second quadrant, the abscissa X i of the coordinate point in the target quadrant takes a value space (100, 101, 110, 111), and the value space of the ordinate Y j is (000, 001, 010, 011);

Or, in the case that the target quadrant is in the third quadrant, the value of the abscissa X i and the ordinate Y j of the coordinate points in the target quadrant are both (100, 101, 110, 111);

Alternatively, in a case where the target quadrant is the fourth quadrant, the coordinate space of the abscissa X i of the coordinate point in the target quadrant is (000, 001, 010, 011), and the value space of the ordinate Y j is (100, 101, 110, 111).
The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein after the obtaining the bit sequence to be mapped, the method further comprises:

Dividing the bit sequence to be mapped into a first bit group and a second bit group;

Determining coordinate points corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint, including:

Taking the first bit group as the abscissa and the second bit group as the ordinate, determining the coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint.
The method according to claim 7, wherein the bit sequence to be mapped is a 6-bit binary sequence, and the number of bits of the binary sequence included in the first bit group and the second bit group is equal.
A device for transmitting signals, characterized in that the device comprises:

An acquiring module, configured to acquire a bit sequence to be mapped;

a determining module, configured to determine a coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in a target quadrant of a QAM constellation coordinate system according to a constellation mapping constraint, wherein a vertical coordinate point in the coordinate system The coordinate distribution is obtained by the abscissa distribution of the coordinate points in the coordinate system centered on the origin of the coordinate system, and rotated by 90 degrees according to a preset direction;

The acquiring module is configured to acquire a constellation symbol corresponding to the coordinate point;

a transmission module, configured to transmit the constellation symbol.
The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said QAM constellation is a 44QAM constellation, each quadrant of said coordinate system respectively comprises 16 coordinate points, and at least one coordinate point of said coordinate system corresponds to one A constellation point, a constellation point corresponding to a constellation symbol.
The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the constellation mapping constraint comprises:

The value space of the abscissa X i and the ordinate Y j of each coordinate point in the target quadrant includes four values, wherein i and j are positive integers, i ∈ [0, 15], j ∈ [0, 15 ];

If the i of the coordinate point is the same as j, the abscissa X i of the coordinate point is the same as the value of the ordinate Y j ;

The coordinates between the coordinate points in the target quadrant do not coincide;

A Gray relation is satisfied between coordinate points that satisfy the specified condition.
The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the Gray relation is satisfied between the coordinate points satisfying the specified condition, including:

In the case where one coordinate point corresponds to one constellation point, the Gray relation is satisfied between adjacent coordinate points;

or,

In the case that two coordinate points correspond to one constellation point, a Gray relationship is satisfied between the two coordinate points, and a distance between the constellation point and an origin of a coordinate system corresponding to the constellation point is a preset distance;

or,

In a case where at least two coordinate points correspond to one constellation point, at least one of the at least two coordinate points corresponding to the constellation point satisfies a Gray relationship with at least one coordinate point corresponding to the adjacent constellation point.
The apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the target quadrant is any quadrant of the coordinate system, and the abscissa X i and the ordinate Y j value space of the coordinate point within the target quadrant Both are (000, 001, 010, 011).
The apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, wherein, in the case where the target quadrant is the first quadrant, the values of the abscissa X i and the ordinate Y j of the coordinate points in the target quadrant are both Is (000,001,010,011);

Or, in the case that the target quadrant is the second quadrant, the abscissa X i of the coordinate point in the target quadrant takes a value space (100, 101, 110, 111), and the value space of the ordinate Y j is (000, 001, 010, 011);

Or, in the case that the target quadrant is in the third quadrant, the value of the abscissa X i and the ordinate Y j of the coordinate points in the target quadrant are both (100, 101, 110, 111);

Alternatively, in a case where the target quadrant is the fourth quadrant, the coordinate space of the abscissa X i of the coordinate point in the target quadrant is (000, 001, 010, 011), and the value space of the ordinate Y j is (100, 101, 110, 111).
The device according to any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein the device further comprises:

a dividing module, configured to divide the bit sequence to be mapped into a first bit group and a second bit group;

The specific manner of determining, by the determining module, the coordinate points corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint is:

Taking the first bit group as the abscissa and the second bit group as the ordinate, determining the coordinate point corresponding to the bit sequence to be mapped in the target quadrant of the QAM constellation coordinate system according to the constellation mapping constraint.
The apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the bit sequence to be mapped is a 6-bit binary sequence, and the number of bits of the binary sequence included in the first bit group and the second bit group is equal.
An apparatus for transmitting a signal, characterized in that the apparatus for transmitting a signal comprises the apparatus for transmitting a signal according to any one of claims 9 to 16.