WO2018102247A2

WO2018102247A2 - Apparatus, system and method of ranging measurement

Info

Publication number: WO2018102247A2
Application number: PCT/US2017/063229
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jonathan Segev; Benny Abramovsky; Laurent Cariou
Original assignee: Intel IP Corporation
Priority date: 2016-11-28
Filing date: 2017-11-27
Publication date: 2018-06-07
Also published as: WO2018102247A3; CN109891958A; CN109891958B

Abstract

For example, an apparatus may include circuitry and logic configured to cause an initiating station (STA) to initiate a first ranging measurement with a responding STA, the first ranging measurement including transmission of a Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of an Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, and reception of a Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA; and to initiate a second ranging measurement with the responding STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the second ranging measurement including a measurement report from the responding STA, the measurement report including one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

Description

APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD OF RANGING MEASUREMENT

CROSS REFERENCE

[001] This Application claims the benefit of and priority from US Provisional Patent Application No. 62/426,723 entitled "APPARATUS, SYSTEM AND METHOD OF POSITIONING MEASUREMENT", filed November 28, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] Embodiments described herein generally relate to ranging measurement.

BACKGROUND

[003] Outdoor navigation is widely deployed thanks to the development of various global- navigation- satellite- systems (GNSS), e.g., Global Positioning System (GPS), GALILEO, and the like. [004] Recently, there has been a lot of focus on indoor navigation. This field differs from the outdoor navigation, since the indoor environment does not enable the reception of signals from GNSS satellites. As a result, a lot of effort is being directed towards solving the indoor navigation problem.

[005] A Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) Protocol, e.g., in accordance with an IEEE 802.11 Specification, may include measuring a Round Trip Time (RTT) from a wireless station (STA) to a plurality of other STAs, for example, to perform trilateration and/or calculate the location of the STA. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[006] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numerals may be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. The figures are listed below.

[007] Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[008] Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of messages of a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) procedure including one or more operations, which may be implemented, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[009] Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of messages of a Very High Throughput (VHT) measurement, including one or more operations, which may be implemented, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. [0010] Fig. 4 is a schematic illustration of a ranging measurement procedure, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0011] Fig. 5 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0012] Fig. 6 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0013] Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments. However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art that some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, units and/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the discussion.

[0015] Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, "processing", "computing", "calculating", "determining", "establishing", "analyzing", "checking", or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) of a computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or other electronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer's registers and/or memories or other information storage medium that may store instructions to perform operations and/or processes. [0016] The terms "plurality" and "a plurality", as used herein, include, for example, "multiple" or "two or more". For example, "a plurality of items" includes two or more items.

[0017] References to "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "demonstrative embodiment", "various embodiments" etc., indicate that the embodiment(s) so described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated use of the phrase "in one embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, although it may.

[0018] As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinal adjectives "first", "second", "third" etc., to describe a common object, merely indicate that different instances of like objects are being referred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking, or in any other manner.

[0019] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), a wireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a sensor device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a wearable device, a handheld device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communication station, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Area Network (WVAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), a Personal Area Network (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

[0020] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (including IEEE 802.11-2016 {IEEE 802.11- 2016, IEEE Standard for Information technology— Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December 7, 2016); and/or IEEE 802.11az (IEEE 802.1 laz, Next Generation Positioning)) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WiFi Alliance (WFA) Specifications (including Wi-Fi Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) Technical Specification, Version 1.0, May 1, 2015) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing WFA Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications (including WiFi P2P technical specification, version 1.5, August 4, 2014) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing Wireless-Gigabit-Alliance (WGA) specifications (including Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHY Specification Version 1.1, April 2011, Final specification) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordance with existing cellular specifications and/or protocols, e.g., 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, units and/or devices which are part of the above networks, and the like.

[0021] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, a Personal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates a GPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFID element or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MEVIO) transceiver or device, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, a Multiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a device having one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi- standard radio devices or systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, a Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like. [0022] Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, Radio Frequency (RF), Infra-Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM), Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency- Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Spatial Divisional Multiple Access (SDMA), FDM Time- Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDM A), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi- Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™, Ultra- Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in various other devices, systems and/or networks.

[0023] The term "wireless device", as used herein, includes, for example, a device capable of wireless communication, a communication device capable of wireless communication, a communication station capable of wireless communication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wireless communication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, a wireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integrated with a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In some demonstrative embodiments, the term "wireless device" may optionally include a wireless service. [0024] The term "communicating" as used herein with respect to a communication signal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receiving the communication signal. For example, a communication unit, which is capable of communicating a communication signal, may include a transmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one other communication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive the communication signal from at least one other communication unit. The verb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting or the action of receiving. In one example, the phrase "communicating a signal" may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving the signal by a second device. In another example, the phrase "communicating a signal" may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a first device, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting the signal by a second device.

[0025] Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN, e.g., a WiFi network. Other embodiments may be used in conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network, for example, a wireless area network, a "piconet", a WPAN, a WVAN and the like.

[0026] Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 2.4GHz or 5GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any other suitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, an Extremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band of between 20Ghz and 300GHZ, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, and the like.

[0027] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be part of, or include, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), that execute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may be implemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In some embodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable in hardware.

[0028] The term "logic" may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded in circuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in a memory of a computing apparatus. For example, the logic may be accessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute the computing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations. In one example, logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/or firmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors. Logic may be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry, e.g. radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmitter circuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like. In one example, logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/or non- volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory, and/or the like. Logic may be executed by one or more processors using memory, e.g., registers, buffers, stacks, and the like, coupled to the one or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic. [0029] The term "antenna", as used herein, may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In some embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna, a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like.

[0030] The phrase "peer to peer (PTP) communication", as used herein, may relate to device-to- device communication over a wireless link ("peer-to-peer link") between devices. The PTP communication may include, for example, a WiFi Direct (WFD) communication, e.g., a WFD Peer to Peer (P2P) communication, wireless communication over a direct link within a Quality of Service (QoS) basic service set (BSS), a tunneled direct-link setup (TDLS) link, a STA-to- STA communication in an independent basic service set (IBSS), or the like.

[0031] Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to WiFi communication. However, other embodiments may be implemented with respect to any other communication scheme, network, standard and/or protocol.

[0032] Reference is now made to Fig. 1, which schematically illustrates a block diagram of a system 100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[0033] As shown in Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments system 100 may include a wireless communication network including one or more wireless communication devices, e.g., wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140.

[0034] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, an MD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptop computer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a sensor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, a PDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalities with PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device, a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively small computing device, a non-desktop computer, a "Carry Small Live Large" (CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC), a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an "Origami" device or computing device, a device that supports Dynamically Composable Computing (DCC), a context-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, a Set- Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a Digital Video Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVD recorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), a broadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, an audio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat panel display, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), a digital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier, a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a Digital Still camera (DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, a television, a music player, or the like.

[0035] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more STAs. For example, device 102 may include at least one STA, and/or device 140 may include at least one STA.

[0036] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more WLAN STAs.

[0037] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more Wi-Fi STAs.

[0038] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more BT devices. [0039] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of one or more Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) STAs.

[0040] In some demonstrative embodiments, one of wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140, e.g., device 102, may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of an AP STA, and/or one or more of wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140, e.g., device 140, may include, operate as, and/or perform the functionality of a non-AP STA. In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may operate as and/or perform the functionality of any other STA.

[0041] For example, the AP may include a router, a PC, a server, a Hot-Spot and/or the like.

[0042] In one example, a station (STA) may include a logical entity that is a singly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM). The STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality. [0043] In one example, an AP may include an entity that contains a station (STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, via the wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs. The AP may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0044] In one example, a non-access-point (non-AP) station (STA) may include a STA that is not contained within an AP. The non-AP STA may perform any other additional or alternative functionality.

[0045] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, a memory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 may include, for example, one or more of a processor 181, an input unit 182, an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and/or a storage unit 185. Devices 102 and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardware components and/or software components. In some demonstrative embodiments, some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may be interconnected or operably associated using one or more wired or wireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more of devices 102 and/or 140 may be distributed among multiple or separate devices.

[0046] In some demonstrative embodiments, processor 191 and/or processor 181 may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor, a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits, circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), an Application- Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose or specific processor or controller. Processor 191 executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102 and/or of one or more suitable applications. Processor 181 executes instructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 140 and/or of one or more suitable applications.

[0047] In some demonstrative embodiments, input unit 192 and/or input unit 182 may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen, a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitable pointing device or input device. Output unit 193 and/or output unit 183 includes, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flat panel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display unit, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or other suitable output devices.

[0048] In some demonstrative embodiments, memory unit 194 and/or memory unit 184 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a nonvolatile memory, a cache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memory unit, or other suitable memory units. Storage unit 195 and/or storage unit 185 includes, for example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitable removable or non-removable storage units. Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195, for example, may store data processed by device 102. Memory unit 184 and/or storage unit 185, for example, may store data processed by device 140.

[0049] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, information and/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radio channel, a cellular channel, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Channel, an RF channel, a WiFi channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, and the like.

[0050] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication medium 103 may include a wireless communication channel over a 2.4 Gigahertz (GHz) frequency band, or a 5GHz frequency band, a miUimeterWave (mmWave) frequency band, e.g., a 60GHz frequency band, a Sub- 1 GHz (S 1G) band, and/or any other frequency band.

[0051] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to perform wireless communication between devices 102, and/or 140 and/or one or more other wireless communication devices. For example, device 102 may include a radio 114, and/or device 140 may include a radio 144.

[0052] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/or logic to receive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116, and/or radio 144 may include at least one receiver 146.

[0053] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitry and/or logic to transmit wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one transmitter 118, and/or radio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148. [0054] In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144, transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 may include circuitry; logic; Radio Frequency (RF) elements, circuitry and/or logic; baseband elements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry and/or logic; amplifiers; analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters; filters; and/or the like. For example, radio 114 and/or radio 144 may include or may be implemented as part of a wireless Network Interface Card (NIC), and the like.

[0055] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may be configured to communicate over a 2.4GHz band, a 5GHz band, an mmWave band, a S IG band, and/or any other band.

[0056] In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include, or may be associated with, one or more antennas 107 and/or 147, respectively.

[0057] In one example, device 102 may include a single antenna 107. In another example, device 102 may include two or more antennas 107. [0058] In one example, device 140 may include a single antenna 147. In another example, device 140 may include two or more antennas 147.

[0059] Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable for transmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks, frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or the like. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receive elements.

[0060] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a controller 124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154. Controller 124 may be configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 102 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140, and/or one or more other devices; and/or controller 154 may be configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/or control device 140 to perform, one or more communications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities, operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140, and/or one or more other devices, e.g., as described below.

[0061] In some demonstrative embodiments, controllers 124 and/or 154 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, Application Processor (AP) circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of controllers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below. [0062] In one example, controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 102, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein. [0063] In one example, controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, for example, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, to cause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 140, and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device 140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities, e.g., as described herein. [0064] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of controller 124 may be implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 114, and/or at least part of the functionality of controller 154 may be implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 144.

[0065] In other embodiments, the functionality of controller 124 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or the functionality of controller 154 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140. [0066] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a message processor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one or more messages communicated by device 102.

[0067] In one example, message processor 128 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or message processor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 102, e.g., as described below.

[0068] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a message processor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one or more messages communicated by device 140. [0069] In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or message processor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or more messages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.

[0070] In some demonstrative embodiments, message processors 128 and/or 158 may include, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitry and/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC) circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, BB circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, AP circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of message processors 128 and/or 158, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below.

[0071] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of radio 144. [0072] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124, and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of controller 154.

[0073] In other embodiments, the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140. [0074] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of controller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC). In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 114. For example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of message processor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114. In one example, controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.

[0075] In other embodiments, controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio 114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 102. [0076] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of controller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by an integrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a SoC. In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functionalities of radio 144. For example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of message processor 158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144. In one example, controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implemented as part of the chip or SoC.

[0077] In other embodiments, controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio 144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 140.

[0078] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, one or more STAs. For example, device 102 may include at least one STA, and/or device 140.

[0079] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may form, or may communicate as part of, a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0080] In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may form, or may communicate as part of, a WiFi network.

[0081] In other embodiments, wireless communication devices 102 and/or 140 may form, and/or communicate as part of, any other additional or alternative network.

[0082] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, and/or 140 may be configured to perform a positioning and/or ranging measurement, e.g., as described below. [0083] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102, and/or 140 may be configured to perform a single user (SU) positioning and/or ranging measurement, e.g., as described below. [0084] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include one or more applications configured to provide and/or to use one or more location based services, e.g., a social application, a navigation application, a location based advertising application, and/or the like. For example, device 102 may include an application 125 to be executed by device 102. [0085] In some demonstrative embodiments, application 125 may use range information between devices 102 and 140, for example, to determine an estimated location of device 140, e.g., with respect to a coordinate system, e.g., a World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84), and/or a local coordination.

[0086] In one example, device 102 may include a Smartphone and device 140 may include an AP, which is located in a shop, e.g., in a shopping mall. According to this example, application 125 may use the range information to determine a relative location of device 102 with respect to device 140, for example, to receive sale offers from the shop.

[0087] In another example, device 102 may include a mobile device and device 140 may include a responding station, which is located in a parking zone, e.g., of a shopping mall. According to this example, application 125 may use the range information to determine a location of device 102 in the parking zone, for example, to enable a user of device 102 to find a parking area in the parking zone.

[0088] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a location estimator 115 configured to perform one or more positioning measurements to be used to estimate a location of device 102, e.g., as described below.

[0089] In some demonstrative embodiments, location estimator 115 may be configured to determine a location of device 102, for example, using a plurality of ranges from the plurality of other STAs, e.g., by performing trilateration.

[0090] In some demonstrative embodiments, location estimator 115 may include circuitry and/or logic, e.g., processor circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured to perform the functionality of location estimator 115. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of location estimator 115 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below. [0091] In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality of location estimator 115 may be implemented as part of controller 124. [0092] In other embodiments, the functionality of location estimator 115 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102.

[0093] In some demonstrative embodiments, location estimator 115 may be configured to estimate the location of device 102, for example, based on time based range measurements, for example, with device 140 and/or one or more other devices.

[0094] In some demonstrative embodiments, the time based range measurements may be performed using WLAN communications, e.g., WiFi. For example, using WiFi to perform the time based range measurements may enable, for example, increasing an indoor location accuracy of the location estimation of device 140, e.g., in an indoor environment. [0095] In some demonstrative embodiments, the time based range measurements may include a round trip time (RTT) measurement (also referred to as Time of Flight (ToF) procedure).

[0096] In some demonstrative embodiments, a ToF value may be defined as the overall time a signal propagates from a first station, e.g., device 140, to a second station, e.g., device 102, and back to the first station. A distance between the first and second stations may be determined based on the ToF value, for example, by dividing the RTT value by two and multiplying the result by the speed of light.

[0097] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ToF measurement procedure may include one or more operations, communications and/or measurements according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) procedure. [0098] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ToF measurement procedure may include one or more operations, communications and/or measurements according to a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) procedure.

[0099] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ToF measurement procedure may include one or more operations, communications and/or measurements according to any other additional or alternative positioning measurement.

[00100] In some demonstrative embodiments, an RTT value may be defined as the overall time a signal propagates from a first station, e.g., device 102, to a second station, e.g., device 140, and back to the first station.

[00101] In some demonstrative embodiments, a ToF value may be defined as the overall time a signal propagates from a first station, e.g., device 102, to a second station, e.g., device 140. [00102] In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, a distance between the first and second stations may be determined based on the RTT value, for example, by dividing the RTT value by two and multiplying the result by the speed of light, or by multiplying the ToF value by the speed of light. [00103] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may be configured to perform one or more ranging measurements, ToF measurements, VHT measurements, FTM measurements, positioning measurements and/or communications, ranging measurements and/or communications, proximity measurements and/or communications, location estimation measurements and/or communications. [00104] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform any other additional or alternative positioning measurements and/or communications, ranging measurements and/or communications, proximity measurements and/or communications, location estimation measurements and/or communications, for example, and/or according to any other additional or alternative procedure and/or protocol, e.g., an Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) procedure.

[00105] Some demonstrative embodiments are described below with respect to ranging measurements according to a VHT procedure, e.g., a VHT NDP Sounding-based . l laz protocol (also referred to as "VHTz"). However, other embodiments may be implemented with respect to any other additional or alternative positioning measurements and/or communications, ranging measurements and/or communications, proximity measurements and/or communications, location estimation measurements and/or communications.

[00106] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform one or more VHT measurements, for example, using WLAN communications, e.g., WiFi. For example, using WiFi to perform time based range measurements, e.g., ranging measurements, may enable, for example, increasing an indoor location accuracy of the mobile devices, e.g., in an indoor environment.

[00107] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may perform a role of, one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, an initiating device, e.g., an initiating STA, and device 140 may perform a role of, one or more operations of, and/or one or more functionalities of, a responding device, e.g., a responding STA. In one example, device 140 may include an AP, and/or device may include a non-AP STA, for example, a mobile device, e.g., a Smartphone, which may perform the ranging protocol with the AP, for example, to determine a location of the mobile device.

[00108] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a positioning component 117, and/or device 140 may include a positioning component 157, which may be configured to perform one or more positioning measurements, operations and/or communications, e.g., as described below.

[00109] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more operations and/or communications of a VHT ranging measurement, for example, a VHTz measurement, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more operations and/or communications of any other additional or alternative positioning measurement.

[00110] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may include, or may be implemented, using suitable circuitry and/or logic, e.g., controller circuitry and/or logic, processor circuitry and/or logic, memory circuitry and/or logic, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, which may be configured to perform at least part of the functionality of positioning components 117 and/or 157. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities of positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be implemented by logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as described below. [00111] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning component 117 may be configured to perform one or more operations of, and/or at least part of the functionality of, message processor 128 and/or controller 124, for example, to trigger communication of one or more VHT messages, FTM messages, and/or positioning packets, e.g., as described below.

[00112] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning component 157 may be configured to perform one or more operations of, and/or at least part of the functionality of, message processor 158 and/or controller 154, for example, to trigger communication of one or more VHT messages, FTM messages, and/or positioning packets, e.g., as described below.

[00113] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to trigger the ranging measurements, for example, periodically and/or or upon a request from an application executed by a device, for example, to determine an accurate location of the device. [00114] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more measurements according to a VHT ranging protocol, e.g., as described below.

[00115] In some demonstrative embodiments, positioning components 117 and/or 157 may be configured to perform one or more proximity, ranging, and/or location estimation measurements, e.g., in an indoor location, based on the VHT ranging measurements. For example, the VHT ranging measurements may provide a relatively accurate estimation of location, range and/or proximity, e.g., in an indoor location.

[00116] Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with respect to a positioning component, e.g., positioning components 117 and/or 157, configured to perform measurements according to a VHT ranging protocol and/or procedure. However, in other embodiments, the positioning component may be configured to perform any other additional or alternative type of Time of Flight (ToF) measurements, ranging measurements, positioning measurements, proximity measurements, and/or location estimation measurements, e.g., according to any additional or alternative protocol and/or procedure.

[00117] In some demonstrative embodiments, according to a ranging protocol, e.g., an FTM protocol, for example, in compliance with an IEEE 802.11 Specification, a first STA, e.g., a responding STA, may capture and send, for example, to a second station, e.g., an initiating STA, both a Time of Departure (ToD) of an FTM frame and a Time of Arrival (ToA) of an Acknowledgement (Ack) of the FTM frame, and the second STA, e.g., the initiating STA, may use the ToD and ToA to compute ranging information.

[00118] In some demonstrative embodiments, in some cases, implementations and/or scenarios it may not be advantageous and/or effective to perform one or more operations and/or communications of the FTM procedure, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 IREVmc Specification.

[00119] Reference is made to Fig. 2, which schematically illustrates messages of a FTM procedure including one or more operations, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more messages of the FTM procedure may be implemented, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.1 IREVmc Specification. [00120] As shown in Fig. 2, the messages of a FTM procedure may be exchanged between an initiating station, e.g., device 202, and a responding station, e.g., device 240. [00121] As shown in Fig. 2, device 202 may transmit to device 240 an FTM request message

231 to request to perform the FTM procedure 200 with device 240.

[00122] As shown in Fig. 2, device 240 may transmit an FTM request acknowledgement (ACK)

232 to device 202, to acknowledge receipt of the FTM request message 231, and to confirm the request to perform the FTM procedure.

[00123] As shown in Fig. 2, FTM procedure 200 may include an FTM measurement period, during which devices 202 and 240 may communicate FTM measurement frames, e.g., as described below.

[00124] As shown in Fig. 2, devices 202 and/or 240 may communicate the FTM measurement frames between devices 202 and 240 during the FTM measurement period, for example, to determine a Time of Flight (ToF) value between devices 202 and 240.

[00125] As shown in Fig. 2, device 240 may determine a time value, denoted tl_l, based on a time at which an FTM message 234 is transmitted to device 202. The time value tl 1 may be based on a Time of Departure (ToD) of message 234. [00126] As shown in Fig. 2, device 202 may receive message 234 and may determine a time value, denoted t2_l, e.g., based on a Time of Arrival (ToA) of message 234.

[00127] As shown in Fig. 2, device 202 may determine a time value, denoted t3_l, based on a time at which a message 236 is transmitted to device 240. Message 236 may include, for example, an acknowledgement message transmitted in response to FTM message 234. The time value t3_l may be based on a ToD of the message 236.

[00128] As shown in Fig. 2, device 240 may receive message 236 and may determine a time value, denoted t4_l, e.g., based on a ToA of message 236.

[00129] As shown in Fig. 2, device 240 may transmit an FTM message 238 to device 202.

Message 238 may include, for example, information corresponding to the time value tl 1 and/or the time value t4_l. For example, message 238 may include a timestamp, e.g., a ToD timestamp, including the time value tl 1, and a timestamp, e.g., a ToA timestamp, including the time value t4_l.

[00130] As shown in Fig. 2, device 202 may receive message 238.

[00131] As shown in Fig. 2, device 202 may transmit a message 239 to device 240. Message 239 may include, for example, an acknowledgement message transmitted in response to message 238. [00132] As shown in Fig. 2, device 240 may transmit an FTM message 242 to device 202. Message 242 may include, for example, information corresponding to the time value tl_2 and/or the time value t4_2, e.g., corresponding to the messages 238 and 239. For example, message 242 may include a timestamp, e.g., a ToD timestamp, including the time value tl_2 corresponding to the message 238, and a timestamp, e.g., a ToA timestamp, including the time value t4_2 corresponding to message 239.

[00133] As shown in Fig. 2, device 202 may receive message 242.

[00134] As shown in Fig. 2, device 202 may transmit a message 243 to device 240. Message 239 may include, for example, an acknowledgement message transmitted in response to message 242.

[00135] Device 202 may determine a ToF between device 202 and device 240, for example, based on message 238 and/or message 242. For example, device 202 may determine the ToF based on an average, or any other function, applied to the time values tl_l, t2_l, t3_l and t4_l. For example, device 202 may determine the ToF, e.g., as follows: ToF= [(t4_l-tl_l)-(t3_l-t2_l)]/2 (1)

[00136] Device 202 may determine the distance between devices 202 and 240 based on the calculated ToF.

[00137] For example, device 202 may determine the distance, denoted rk, e.g., as follows: rk =ToF*C (2) wherein C denotes the radio wave propagation speed.

[00138] Referring back to Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform operations and/or communications of a ranging protocol, which may be configured to provide one or more benefits, to provide one or more advantages and/or to solve one or more of the problems and/or shortcomings of the FTM procedure 200 (Fig. 2), e.g., as described below.

[00139] In some demonstrative embodiments, the FTM procedure 200 (Fig. 2) may be enhanced or modified, for example, by enhancing, modifying, replacing and/or adding one or more operations, e.g., as described below. [00140] In some demonstrative embodiments, an enhanced FTM procedure (a "VHT measurement") may be implemented, for example, as part of a future positioning Specification, e.g., an IEEE 802.11az Specification.

[00141] In some demonstrative embodiments, a VHT measurement may be configured, for example, based on one or more sounding messages, e.g., in the form of Null Data Packets (NDPs), for example, using a variant of a VHT sounding protocol.

[00142] In one example, configuring an FTM procedure to utilize sounding messages may allow one or more benefits and/or advantages, for example, to save medium access, and/or to allow angular measurement, e.g., in addition to, and/or instead of, a range measurement, e.g., as described below.

[00143] In some demonstrative embodiments, a VHT measurement may allow a positioning measurement using sounding messages, e.g., VHT sounding, for example, even at an unassociated mode, e.g., when an initiating STA is unassociated with a responding STA, for example, an AP, e.g., as described below. [00144] In some demonstrative embodiments, the VHT measurement at the unassociated mode may be supported by an Identifier (ID), e.g., as described below.

[00145] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ID may be used during the measurement phase, for example to identify an unassociated STA or an associate d STA, e.g., as described below. [00146] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ID may include a Ranging Identifier (RID).

[00147] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ID may include an Unassociated ID (UID) (also referred to as "User ID), for example, when performing ranging at an unassociated mode.

[00148] In one example, the UID may include a new unassociated unique ID, which may be, for example, allocated by an AP STA, e.g., as described below. [00149] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ID may include an Association ID (AID), for example, when performing ranging at an associated mode.

[00150] In other embodiments, any other additional or alternative identifier may be implemented. [00151] Reference is made to Fig. 3, which schematically illustrates messages of a VHT measurement 300, including one or more operations, which may be implemented, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[00152] As shown in Fig. 3, VHT measurement 300 may use NDPs, e.g., VHT sounding NDPs. [00153] As shown in Fig. 3, VHT measurement 300 may include exchanging of one or more messages between a responding station, e.g., an AP 340, and an initiating station, e.g., a STA 302.

[00154] As shown in Fig. 3, VHT measurement 300 may include a negotiation phase 310 to exchange one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a VHT measurement phase 320, e.g., as described below.

[00155] As shown in Fig. 3, AP 340 may transmit a beacon frame 311, and STA 302 may receive the beacon frame 311.

[00156] As shown in Fig. 3, STA 302 may transmit to AP 340 a request message 312, e.g., an FTM request message, to request to perform a ranging measurement, e.g., at a VHTz mode. [00157] As shown in Fig. 3, AP 340 may transmit to STA 302 an acknowledge (ACK) message 313 to acknowledge receipt of request message 312.

[00158] As shown in Fig. 3, AP 340 may transmit to STA 302 a message 314, e.g., an FTM response message, including an indication of an ID, e.g., an RID or a UID, allocated to STA 302 by AP 340, e.g., to be used during VHTz measurement phase 320 and/or during a High Efficiency .1 laz (HEz) measurement phase.

[00159] As shown in Fig. 3, STA 302 may transmit to AP 340 an ACK message 315 to acknowledge receipt of message 314.

[00160] As shown in Fig. 3, STA 302 may initiate a VHT measurement with AP 340, for example, during VHT measurement phase 320, e.g., as described below. [00161] As shown in Fig. 3, the VHT measurement may include transmission of an NDP Announcement (NDPA) 321 including the ID of STA 302, e.g., the RID or UID, from STA 302 to AP 340.

[00162] As shown in Fig. 3, the VHT measurement may include transmission of an Uplink (UL) NDP 322 from STA 302 to AP 340. [00163] As shown in Fig. 3, the VHT measurement may include transmission of a downlink (DL) NDP 324 from AP 340 to STA 302.

[00164] As shown in Fig. 3, the VHT measurement may include transmission of an NDP feedback 326 including the ID, e.g., RID, of STA 302 from AP 340 to STA 302. [00165] In one example, NDP feedback 326 may include measurement results of the VHT measurement.

[00166] For example, the measurement results may include, for example, information of a ToD of DL NDP 324, and information of a ToA of UL NDP 322, for example using Channel State Information (CSI), for example, a matrix for every subcarrier of NDP 322. [00167] As shown in Fig. 3, VHT measurement 300 may allow a positioning measurement using sounding messages, e.g., VHT sounding, for example, even at an unassociated mode, e.g., when STA 302 is unassociated with AP 340. For example, the positioning measurement at the unassociated mode may be supported by the ID allocated by the AP 340 and may be used during the measurement phase 320, for example, to identify STA 302. [00168] In some demonstrative embodiments, VHT measurement 300 may be modified and/or enhanced, for example, to address one or more potential inefficiencies, disadvantages and/or technical problems, for example, in some deployments, use cases and/or scenarios, e.g., as described below.

[00169] In some demonstrative embodiments, implementation of a VHT measurement, e.g., VHT measurement 300, may not be efficient, for example, if AP 340 is required to respond to the measurement results, e.g., to transmit NDP feedback 326, within a short time period, for example, a Short InterFrame Space (SIFS) time, e.g., about 16 microseconds (usee).

[00170] In one example, such a requirement may result in a major implementation limitation at AP 340, which may require implementing, e.g., in hardware (HW), a ToA algorithm at the AP 340, and/or performing only a partial calculation of the ToA at the AP 340, e.g., to determine a measurement corresponding to the ToA of NDP 322.

[00171] In some demonstrative embodiments, a packet size of an NDP feedback, e.g., NDP feedback 326, may be relatively large, for example, if the NDP feedback includes full VHT measurement information, e.g., a matrix for each subcarrier of UL NDP 322. [00172] In one example, sending large feedback packets may affect a medium load, and/or may prevent an ability to allow as many as possible range measurements, e.g., with other STAs. [00173] In some demonstrative embodiments, implementation of a VHT measurement, e.g., VHT measurement 300, may not allow the AP 340, at least in some cases, to have control on scheduling VHT measurements. For example, the AP 340 may be overloaded with requests, for example, from STAs, e.g., without having an ability to calculate a needed feedback within the limited SIFS time for each STA of the STAs.

[00174] In one example, this issue may also affect the STA, for example, because the STA may be required to remain awake, e.g., with a radio turned on, to wait for a feedback from the AP 340.

[00175] In some demonstrative embodiments, it may not be advantageous to configure an AP, e.g., AP 340, to respond with a full calculation of a ToA measurement, e.g., in NDP feedback 326, using a normal management frame, and/or to have a STA, e.g., STA 302, to wait for the results.

[00176] For example, such an approach may have, in some cases, a substantial impact on a power consumption of the STA and a medium utilization, for example, if the STA polls the AP too early, e.g., while the results for the STA are not ready at the AP for transmission, or if the STA simply waits too long on the channel for the results from the AP to be available.

[00177] In one example, the STA may be unassociated for an FTM procedure execution, and the AP may not have an indication of an availability of unassociated STAs. Such a situation may result in an increase of a protocol complexity, and/or may require additional signaling, e.g., if not attended to properly.

[00178] Referring back to Fig. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform one or more positioning measurements, for example, according to a positioning procedure, e.g., a VHT ranging measurement procedure, which may implement a delay period indication (also referred to as "a minimal ToA delay period indication") from a responding STA, e.g., an AP, to an initiating STA of an expected delay of one or more measurement results to be received from the responding STA, e.g., as described below.

[00179] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate the minimal ToA delay period indication as part of a response message from the responding STA, for example, in an FTM message, e.g., an FTM response (RSP), and/or as part of any other additional or alternative negotiation and/or discovery message. [00180] In one example, the minimal ToA delay period indication may be communicated as part of an information element (IE), for example, an IEEE 802.11az information element, which may be implemented, for example, to extend the FTM for an 802.11az capable device, e.g., as described below. [00181] In some demonstrative embodiments, the minimal ToA delay period indication may be configured to provide to the initiating STA information with respect to an expected delay of ToA results, e.g., full or partial calculation results, form the responding STA, e.g., as described below.

[00182] In some demonstrative embodiments, a STA, e.g., device 102, receiving the minimal ToA delay period indication and performing a positioning measurement, e.g., a VHT based IEEE 802.11az, range measurement (VHTz), shall return to execute another round of range measurement as well as receiving the ToA results back, no less than the minimal ToA delay period, e.g., as described below.

[00183] In some demonstrative embodiments, a measurement report from the AP or the responding STA, e.g., device 140, to the initiating STA, e.g., device 102, may include a high resolution of a ToA of an NDP frame from the STA to the AP, and a ToA of an NDP frame from the AP to the STA, for example, such that the STA can calculate a range from the STA to the AP, e.g., as described below.

[00184] In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, in an optional variant of the positioning protocol, an AP may be configured to signal the STA, for example, using a token field in the measurement report, on which of the measurement instances the results in the measurement report pertain to, e.g., as described below.

[00185] In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, in an optional variant of the positioning protocol, the AP may be configured to indicate if the measurements instances are not available at this time or are stale, e.g., if a duration is too long from execution of the ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.

[00186] In some demonstrative embodiments, an AP may be configured to use a time indictor, e.g., a Max Keep Alive time indicator or any other indicator, to indicate to a STA, a minimum time that a context of the STA, for example, an Association ID (AID), previous measurement ToA/ToD values, and/or any other values, may be maintained and available at the AP. [00187] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform a plurality of ranging measurements according to a ranging protocol, e.g., as described below.

[00188] Some demonstrative embodiments are described below with respect to devices 102 and/or 140 performing a sequence of two ranging measurements. However, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to perform more than two ranging measurements during a ranging measurement phase.

[00189] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement the minimal ToA delay period indication, for example, during the two ranging measurements, e.g., as described below.

[00190] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger a station implemented by device 102 to perform a role of an initiating station, e.g., as described below.

[00191] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to perform the role of a responding station, e.g., as described below.

[00192] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may initiate a first ranging measurement with device 140, e.g., as described below.

[00193] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger a station implemented by device 102 to initiate a first ranging measurement with device 140, e.g., as described below.

[00194] In some demonstrative embodiments, the first ranging measurement may include transmission of a first NDPA from device 102 to device 140, transmission of a first UL NDP from device 102 to device 140, and reception of a first DL NDP from device 140, e.g., as described below.

[00195] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to communicate with device 102 a first message exchange of the first ranging measurement, for example, including reception of the first NDPA from device 102, reception of the first UL NDP from device 102, and transmission of the first DL NDP from device 140 to device 102, e.g., as described below. [00196] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may initiate a second ranging measurement with device 140, e.g., as described below.

[00197] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger a station implemented by device 102 to initiate a second ranging measurement with device 140, for example, at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.

[00198] In some demonstrative embodiments, the delay period may be indicated by device 140, e.g., as described below.

[00199] In some demonstrative embodiments, the second ranging measurement may include transmission of a second NDPA from device 102 to device 140, transmission of a second UL NDP from device 102 to device 140, reception of a second DL NDP from device 140, and reception of a measurement report from device 140, e.g., as described below.

[00200] In some demonstrative embodiments, the measurement report may include one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement, e.g., as described below. [00201] In some demonstrative embodiments, the one or more measurement values may include one or more measurement result values corresponding to one or more results of the first ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.

[00202] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to communicate with device 102 a second message exchange of the second ranging measurement including, for example, reception of the second NDPA from device 102 at least the delay period, e.g., indicated by device 140, after the first ranging measurement, reception of the second UL NDP from device 102, transmission of a second DL NDP from device 140 to device 102, and transmission from device 140 to device 102 of the measurement report including the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.

[00203] In some demonstrative embodiments, the measurement report may include a Location Measurement Report (LMR) message.

[00204] In other embodiments, the measurement report may include an NDP feedback message.

[00205] In other embodiments, the measurement report may include any other message or report including one or more measurement values with respect to the first ranging measurement. [00206] In some demonstrative embodiments, the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement may include one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP, e.g., as described below. [00207] In some demonstrative embodiments, the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement may include a value corresponding to a ToA of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a ToD of the first DL NDP, e.g., as described below.

[00208] In some demonstrative embodiments, the value corresponding to the ToD of the first DL NDP may include a ToD parameter, for example, a ToD time stamp of the first DL NDP, e.g., as measured by the responding STA.

[00209] In some demonstrative embodiments, the value corresponding to the ToA of the first UL NDP may include a ToA parameter, for example, a ToA time stamp of the first UL NDP, e.g., as measured by the responding STA. [00210] In some demonstrative embodiments, the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement may include any other additional or alternative information.

[00211] In one example, the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement may include the ToD time stamp, and a ToA reference parameter with Channel State Information (CSI) of the first UL NDP, e.g., representing a partial ToA measurement result.

[00212] In some demonstrative embodiments, the delay period may include a minimal ToA delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from device 140, e.g., as described below. [00213] In some demonstrative embodiments, the delay period may be from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.

[00214] In some demonstrative embodiments, the delay period may be from transmission of the first UL NDP to transmission of the second NDPA, for example, by device 102, e.g., as described below. [00215] In some demonstrative embodiments, the delay period may be from reception of the first UL NDP to reception of the second NDPA, for example, by device 140, e.g., as described below.

[00216] In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second ranging measurements may include Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol, e.g., as described below.

[00217] In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second ranging measurements may include message exchanges according to a VHT ranging Protocol.

[00218] In one example, the first and second ranging measurements may include message exchanges according to a VHTz ranging protocol, e.g., a VHT NDP sounding protocol based on an IEEE 802.11az SU protocol.

[00219] In other embodiments, the first and second ranging measurements may include message exchanges according to any other additional or alternative protocol.

[00220] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may be configured to send an indication of a minimal time period, during which device 140 may maintain the measurement values corresponding to the ranging measurement, e.g., as described below.

[00221] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to transmit an indication of a minimal time period that device 140 is to maintain the measurement value.

[00222] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger a station implemented by device 102 to receive from device 140 the indication of the minimal time period that device 140 is to maintain the measurement values. [00223] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 may utilize the indication of the minimal time period that device 140 is to maintain the measurement values, for example, when determining when to initiate a subsequent ranging measurement, for example, no later than the minimal time period that device 140 is to maintain the measurement values, e.g., in order to be able to receive the measurement values corresponding to the previous ranging measurement. [00224] In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may be configured to advertise an indication of the delay period, e.g., as described below. [00225] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to transmit a broadcast message including an indication of the delay period, e.g., as described below. [00226] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger a station implemented by device 102 to receive the broadcast message including the indication of the delay period, e.g., from device 140.

[00227] In one example, the broadcast message may include a beacon frame from device 140.

[00228] In another example, the broadcast message may include any other broadcast message from device 140.

[00229] In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate the indication of the delay period, for example, as part of one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, for example, including the first ranging measurement, e.g., as described below. [00230] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to communicate with device 140 one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase. For example, at least one of the negotiation messages may include an indication of the delay period, e.g., as described below. [00231] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to communicate with device 102 the one or more negotiation messages to negotiate the ranging measurement phase, e.g., as described below.

[00232] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to transmit to device 140 a request message to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and/or to receive from device 140 a message, e.g., a response message, including an indication of the delay period, e.g., as described below.

[00233] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to receive from device 102 the request message to request to perform the ranging measurement phase, and to transmit to device 102 the message including the indication of the delay period, e.g., as described below.

[00234] In some demonstrative embodiments, the request message may include an FTM request, and/or the message including the indication of the delay period may include an FTM message, e.g., an FTM response.

[00235] In one example, the FTM message may include a VHTz parameter element, e.g., as described below.

[00236] In other embodiments, the request and/or response messages may include any other type of messages. [00237] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 154 and/or positioning component 157 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 140 to measure the value corresponding to the ToA of the first UL NDP, and the value corresponding to the ToD of the first DL NDP, e.g., as described below.

[00238] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to measure a ToD of the first UL NDP and a ToA of the first DL NDP, e.g., as described below.

[00239] In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 124 and/or positioning component 117 may be configured to control, cause and/or trigger the station implemented by device 102 to determine a ranging measurement based on the ranging measurements, for example, using the ToD of the first UL NDP, the value corresponding to the ToA of the first UL NDP, the value corresponding to the ToD of the first DL NDP, and/or the ToA of the first DL NDP, e.g., as described below.

[00240] In some demonstrative embodiments, the first UL NDP may be a first time period after the first NDPA, and/or the first DL NDP may be a second time period after the first UL NDP, e.g., as described below.

[00241] In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and/or second time periods may be no more than a SIFS, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, any other timing criteria may be implemented with respect to one or more of the messages.

[00242] In some demonstrative embodiments, the measurement report may include an ID to identify device 102, e.g., as described below. [00243] In one example, the ID may include an RID or a UID, for example, to identify device 102 in an unassociated mode.

[00244] In another example, the ID may include an AID, for example, to identify device 102 in an associated mode. [00245] In some demonstrative embodiments, the first and second ranging measurements may be implemented, for example, instead of angular measurements, e.g., as described below.

[00246] In some demonstrative embodiments, the measurement report, e.g., the LMR, may have a reduced- size format including, for example, even only the ID of device 102, the values corresponding to the ToA and the ToD, and token fields, for example, compared to a measurement report corresponding to an angular measurement, e.g., as described below.

[00247] In some demonstrative embodiments, the token fields may be configured to indicate, for example, if the measurement is valid or not, and/or to which measurement the reported measurement values, e.g., the corresponding to the ToA and the ToD, belong, e.g., as described below. [00248] In some demonstrative embodiments, the reduced-size format of the measurement report may enable to reduce medium utilization, e.g., as described below.

[00249] Reference is made to Fig. 4, which schematically illustrates of a ranging (positioning) procedure 400, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

[00250] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, ranging procedure 400 may include exchanging of one or more messages between a responding station, e.g., an RSTA 440, and an initiating station, e.g., an ISTA 402.

[00251] In one example, device 102 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, and/or one or more functionalities of, ISTA 402; and/or device 140 (Fig. 1) may be configured to perform one or more operations, the role of, and/or one or more functionalities of, RSTA 440, for example, to perform one or more positioning measurements.

[00252] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the procedure 400 may implement one or more operations of the VHT measurement 300 (Fig. 3) and/or FTM procedure 200 (Fig. 2), for example, while modifying one or more operations and/or implementing one or more additional or alternative operations, e.g., as described below. [00253] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, positioning procedure 400 may include a negotiation phase 410 to exchange one or more negotiation messages to negotiate one or more ranging measurements, for example, including a first ranging measurement 420, and a second ranging measurement 430, e.g., as described below.

[00254] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, RSTA 440 may transmit a beacon frame 411, which may be received by ISTA 402. In one example, the beacon 411 may include information on a capability of RSTA 440 to perform ranging measurements, e.g., according to procedure 400, information on a time delay to be implemented for ranging measurements with RSTA 440, and./or any other additional or alternative information.

[00255] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, ISTA 402 may transmit to RSTA 440 a request message 412, e.g., an FTM request message, to request to perform ranging measurement phase 420.

[00256] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, RSTA 440 may transmit to ISTA 402 an acknowledge (ACK) message 413 to acknowledge receipt of request message 412.

[00257] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, RSTA 440 may transmit a message 414, e.g., an FTM message, to ISTA 402, e.g., after the ACK 413. [00258] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, message 414 may include an indication of a delay period to be implemented by RSTA 440.

[00259] In one example, message 414 may include an IE, for example, an FTM response (RSP) . l laz IE or any other IE, including a minimal To A delay period value to indicate a minimal To A delay period to be implemented for the ranging measurements with RSTA 440. [00260] In some demonstrative embodiments, message 414 may include an indication of an ID, e.g., an RID or UID, which may be allocated by RSTA 440for ISTA 402, e.g., to be used during ranging measurement phases 420 and/or 430.

[00261] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, ISTA 402 may transmit an ACK message 415 to RSTA 440, for example, to acknowledge receipt of message 414. [00262] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, ISTA 402 may initiate the first ranging measurement 420 with RSTA 440, e.g., as described below.

[00263] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the first ranging measurement 420 may include transmission of an NDPA 421, e.g., including the ID of ISTA 402, from ISTA 402 to RSTA 440. [00264] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the first ranging measurement 420 may include transmission of an UL NDP 422 from ISTA 402 to RSTA 440.

[00265] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the first ranging measurement 420 may include transmission of a DL NDP 424 from RSTA 440 to ISTA 402. [00266] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the first ranging measurement 420 may include transmission of a measurement report 426, for example, an LMR, e.g., an NDP feedback, from RSTA 440 to ISTA 402.

[00267] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, measurement report 426 may have a reduced- size format which may even include, for example, only token fields and the ID of ISTA 402, for example, without including measurement values of the first ranging measurement 420. In other embodiments, additional information may be included.

[00268] In some demonstrative embodiments, the token fields may indicate, for example, that the measurement values of the first ranging measurement 420, e.g., the time stamps T2_l and T3_l, are not available or not included in report message 426. [00269] In some demonstrative embodiments, the RSTA 440 may be configured to return the measurement values of the first ranging measurement 420, for example, in a subsequent NDP feedback message, for example, during second ranging measurement 430, e.g., as described below.

[00270] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more token fields in report 426 may include a token value to be used in a report during measurement phase 430 to indicate that measurement results correspond to measurement phase 420, e.g., as described below.

[00271] In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, the NDP 422 may be communicated no more than a SIFS after NDP A 421, NDP 424 may be communicated no more than a SIFS after NDP 422, and/or report 426 may be communicated no more than a SIFS after NDP 424. In other embodiments, any other timing criteria may be implemented.

[00272] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the ISTA 402 may wait for a time period 429, for example, based on the minimal ToA delay period indicated by the RSTA 440, e.g., in message 414 and/or in message 411, for example, before initiating second ranging measurement 430, e.g., before sending another NDPA to the RSTA 440. [00273] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the ISTA 402 may wait for time period 429, which is, for example, at least the minimal ToA delay period, before sending an NDPA 431 to the RSTA 440.

[00274] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the second ranging measurement 430 may include transmission of NDPA 431, e.g., including the ID of ISTA 402, from ISTA 402 to RSTA 440.

[00275] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the second ranging measurement 430 may include transmission of an UL NDP 432 from ISTA 402 to RSTA 440.

[00276] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the second ranging measurement 430 may include transmission of a DL NDP 434 from RSTA 440 to ISTA 402.

[00277] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, the second ranging measurement 430 may include transmission of a measurement report 436, for example, an LMR, e.g., an NDP feedback, from RSTA 440 to ISTA 402.

[00278] In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, the NDP 432 may be communicated no more than a SIFS after NDPA 431, NDP 434 may be communicated no more than a SIFS after NDP 432, and/or report 436 may be communicated no more than a SIFS after NDP 434. In other embodiments, any other timing criteria may be implemented.

[00279] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, measurement report 436 may include measurement values of the first ranging measurement 420, e.g., corresponding to the time stamps T2_l and T3_l.

[00280] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, measurement report 436 may include one or more token fields, which may indicate that the measurement values in measurement report 436, e.g., measurement values corresponding to the time stamps T2_l and T3_l, correspond to the first ranging measurement 420. [00281] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, a VHT measurement using NDPs, e.g., ranging measurements 420 and 430, may be implemented to perform range measurements, for example, instead of angular measurements of a VHT sounding protocol. In other embodiments, one or more messages may be used for angular measurement.

[00282] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, measurement report 436 may have a reduced-size format which may even include, for example, only token fields the ID of ISTA 402, and the measurement values corresponding to the time stamps T2_l and T3_l, and/or token fields, for example, without including angular measurement values, for example, a matrix for each subcarrier of the first ranging measurement 420, e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, any additional information may be included.

[00283] In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4, procedure 400 may allow a positioning measurement using sounding messages, e.g., VHT sounding, for example, even at an unassociated mode, e.g., when ISTA 402 is unassociated with RSTA 440. For example, the positioning measurement at the unassociated mode may be supported by the ID, e.g., the RID or UID, which may be allocated by the RSTA 440, and may be used during the measurement phases 420 and/or 430, for example, to identify ISTA 402. [00284] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more aspects, operations, messages, and/or communications, of the positioning procedure described above with reference to Fig. 4 may be implemented, for example, to provide one or more advantages, added value, and/or benefits, and/or to solve one or more technical problems, e.g., as described below.

[00285] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more operations of the positioning procedure 400 may be implemented, for example, to provide a technical solution to at least a problem of an AP, e.g., RSTA 440, not having an ability to manage its resources dedicated for location measurements.

[00286] For example, one or more operations of the positioning procedure 400 may be implemented, for example, to enable the RSTA 440 to allow selected users better performance or lower the allowed periodicity, e.g., for load management.

[00287] In some demonstrative embodiments, the ability to signal the minimal ToA delay period, e.g., in response message 414 and/or broadcast message 411, for example, as part of a VHT measurement flow, may provide a technical advantage, for example, in providing an AP, e.g., RSTA 440, with the ability to manage the periodicity of the range requests from each STA, e.g., ISTA 402, for example, by specifying the minimal ToA delay period for the next measurement.

[00288] In some demonstrative embodiments, signaling the minimal ToA delay period, for example, by adding a dedicated Information Element (IE) with a minimal ToA delay period indication and/or using any other IE or message, e.g., in response message 414, may provide a technical benefit, for example, by allowing an AP, e.g., RSTA 440, to limit a maximal periodicity of the measurements. For example, the AP may be configured to select to limit a STA, e.g., even each STA, to a lHz periodicity of measurements, or any other periodicity. [00289] For example, the ability to signal the minimal ToA delay period may provide a technical advantage, for example, in providing the AP with the option to manage limit the resources allocated for location procedures, and/or to grant more resources to one or more preferred users. [00290] In some demonstrative embodiments, using the sounding messages, e.g., the VHT sounding, for range measurement, e.g., instead of angular measurements, may allow using a reduced feedback massage, for example, to allow a reduced duration per measurement.

[00291] In one example, a measurement exchange may have a reduced duration of, for example, only about 0.4 milliseconds (ms), for example, compared to a duration of about 20ms of an FTM measurement, e.g., according to the FTM procedure 200 (Fig. 2). The reduced duration of the measurement may provide a technical solution, for example, to a problem of preventing collisions between measurements from different stations.

[00292] In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more operations of the positioning procedure 400 may be implemented, for example, to provide better medium usage, for example, compared to the medium usage of the FTM procedure 200 (Fig. 2) and/or a VHT sounding based angular measurement, e.g., VHT measurement 300 (Fig. 3).

[00293] In some demonstrative embodiments, using the VHT sounding, e.g., according to the positioning procedure 400, may provide better medium utilization, for example, by reducing a duration, denoted "VHT duration", of a ranging measurement, e.g., as follows: VHT duration: NDPA + 2*NDP + NDP feedback = lOOus + 2* 160us + lOOus = ~400us

[00294] The VHT duration of the ranging measurement may be based on a known length of a VHT sounding message, and estimating a length of a reduced NDP feedback.

[00295] For example, the reduced measurement report, which may be implemented in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments, may be much shorter, for example, compared to a conventional VHT feedback message, which may include a large amount of information, for example, a matrix for each subcarrier, and, accordingly, the total size for the conventional VHT feedback may be several KB, e.g., as follows:

subcarriers. See Table 8-69 (Average SNR of

Space-Time Stream i subfield).

Average SNR of Space-Time 8 Signal-to-noise ratio at the

Stream Nc beamformee for space-time stream

Nc averaged over all data subcarriers. See Table 8-69 (Average SNR of Space- Time Stream i subfield).

Compressed Beamforming Na x O +b,)/2 Compressed beamforming feedback Feedback Matrix V for matrix as defined in Table 8-65 (Order of subcarrier k = scidx(0) angles in the Compressed Beamforming

Feedback Matrix subfield).

Compressed Beamforming Na x O +b,)/2 Compressed beamforming feedback Feedback Matrix V for matrix as defined in Table 8-65 (Order of subcarrier k = scidx{\) angles in the Compressed Beamforming

Feedback Matrix subfield).

Table 1

[00296] In one example, when using a ranging measurement, e.g., instead of an angular measurement, one or more fields of Table 1, e.g., even all fields, may not be necessary.

[00297] In one example, transmitting a conventional VHT feedback including the information of Table 1 may take 1ms or more.

[00298] Accordingly, an FTM measurement according to an IEEE 802.1 IREVmc Specification, e.g., FTM procedure 200 (Fig.2.), may have duration of about 20ms per measurement.

[00299] In some demonstrative embodiments, using NDPs for range measurements only, e.g., instead of for angular measurements, may allow to speed up the process, for example, such that each measurement may take about 0.4ms. Implementing the minimal ToA delay period, e.g., limiting the measurement periodicity to lHz, may allow, for example, achieving a reduced load, for example, such that a load of 100 users at lHz rate may be about 40ms, which may result in reduced medium usage, e.g., 4% of medium usage. [00300] In some demonstrative embodiments, a reduced measurement report format, e.g., of the measurement report 436 (Fig. 4), may be configured, for example, by modifying a VHT frame format.

[00301] For example, a VHT compressed beamforming frame action field format may include the following information:

Table 3

[00303] For example, the reserved field in the VHT action field may be configured to include at least one value to indicate a compressed measurement report format (also referred to as "slim measurement"). [00304] In some demonstrative embodiments, the compressed measurement report format may include, for example, the measurement values corresponding to the values of T2 and/or T3, e.g., in compliance with the FTM measurement, and a token field.

[00305] In some demonstrative embodiments, the value of the token field may be configured to indicate, for example, if the measurement is valid or not, and/or to what measurement the results belong. In other embodiments, the slim feedback may include only some of these values and/or any other additional or alternative values.

[00306] Reference is made to Fig. 5, which schematically illustrates a method of ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method of Fig. 5 may be performed by a wireless communication system, e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1); a wireless communication device, e.g., devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1); a positioning component, e.g., positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig. 1); a location estimator, e.g., location estimator 115 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1); a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1), a transmitter, e.g., transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1); and/or a receiver, e.g., receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1).

[00307] As indicated at block 502, the method may include initiating at an initiating STA a first ranging measurement with a responding STA, the first ranging measurement including transmission of a first NDPA from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a first UL NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, and reception of a first DL NDP from the responding STA. For example, positioning component 117 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 124 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 102 (Fig. 1) to initiate first ranging measurement 420 (Fig. 4) including transmission of NDPA 421 (Fig. 1), transmission of UL NDP 422 (Fig. 4) and reception of DL NDP 424 (Fig. 4), e.g., as described above. [00308] As indicated at block 504, the method may include initiating a second ranging measurement with the responding STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement. For example, the delay period may be indicated by the responding STA. For example, the second ranging measurement may include transmission of a second NDPA from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, reception of a second DL NDP from the responding STA, and reception of a measurement report from the responding STA. For example, the measurement report may include one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement. For example, positioning component 117 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 124 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 102 (Fig. 1) to initiate second ranging measurement 430 (Fig. 4) including transmission of NDPA 431 (Fig. 1), transmission of UL NDP 432 (Fig. 4), reception of DL NDP 434 (Fig. 4), and reception of measurement report 436 (Fig. 4), e.g., including the measurement values corresponding to the time stamps T2_l and T3_l, e.g., as described above.

[00309] Reference is made to Fig. 6, which schematically illustrates a method of ranging measurement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method of Fig. 6 may be performed by a wireless communication system, e.g., system 100 (Fig. 1); a wireless communication device, e.g., devices 102 and/or 140 (Fig. 1); a controller, e.g., controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1); a positioning component, e.g., positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig. 1); a location estimator, e.g., location estimator 115 (Fig. 1); a radio, e.g., radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1); a message processor, e.g., message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1), a transmitter, e.g., transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1); and/or a receiver, e.g., receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1). [00310] As indicated at block 602, the method may include communicating by a responding SAT a first message exchange of a first ranging measurement with an initiating STA, the first ranging measurement including reception of a first NDPA from the initiating STA, reception of a first UL NDP from the initiating STA, and transmission of a first DL NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA. For example, positioning component 157 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to communicate the first message exchange of ranging measurement 420 (Fig. 4) by reception of NDPA 421 (Fig. 1), reception of UL NDP 422 (Fig. 4), and transmission of DL NDP 424 (Fig. 4), e.g., as described above.

[00311] As indicated at block 604, the method may include communicating a second message exchange of a second ranging measurement with the initiating STA, the second ranging measurement including reception of a second NDPA from the initiating STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement. For example, the delay period may be indicated by the responding STA. For example, the second ranging measurement may include reception of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA, transmission of a second DL NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA, and transmission of a measurement report from the responding STA to the initiating STA. For example, the measurement report may include one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement. For example, positioning component 157 (Fig. 1) and/or controller 154 (Fig. 1) may control, cause and/or trigger device 140 (Fig. 1) to communicate the second message exchange of second ranging measurement 430 (Fig. 4) with the initiating STA, for example, by reception of NDPA 431 (Fig. 1) delay period 429 after the first ranging measurement 420 (Fig. 4), reception of UL NDP 432 (Fig. 4), transmission of DL NDP 434 (Fig. 4), and transmission of measurement report 436 (Fig. 4) including the measurement values corresponding to the time stamps T2_l and T3_l, e.g., as described above.

[00312] Reference is made to Fig. 7, which schematically illustrates a product of manufacture 700, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments. Product 700 may include one or more tangible computer-readable ("machine readable") non-transitory storage media 702, which may include computer-executable instructions, e.g., implemented by logic 704, operable to, when executed by at least one processor, e.g., computer processor, enable the at least one processor to implement one or more operations at device 102 (Fig. 1), device 140 (Fig. 1), controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1), positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig. 1), location estimator 115 (Fig. 1), radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1), message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1), transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1), and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1), and/or to cause device 102 (Fig. 1), device 140 (Fig. 1), controllers 124 and/or 154 (Fig. 1), positioning components 117 and/or 157 (Fig. 1), location estimator 115 (Fig. 1), radios 114 and/or 144 (Fig. 1), message processor 128 (Fig. 1) and/or message processor 158 (Fig. 1), transmitters 118 and/or 148 (Fig. 1), and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 (Fig. 1) to perform one or more operations, and/or to perform, trigger and/or implement one or more operations, communications and/or functionalities described above with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and/or 6, and/or one or more operations described herein. The phrase "non-transitory machine- readable medium" is directed to include all computer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitory propagating signal. [00313] In some demonstrative embodiments, product 700 and/or storage media 702 may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory, non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or nonerasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. For example, storage media 1402 may include, RAM, DRAM, Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), Compact Disk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory (e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM), polymer memory, phase- change memory, ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide- silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppy disk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magnetic card, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. The computer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involved with downloading or transferring a computer program from a remote computer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link, e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

[00314] In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 704 may include instructions, data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform a method, process and/or operations as described herein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like, and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, and the like.

[00315] In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 704 may include, or may be implemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program, a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words, values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. The instructions may be implemented according to a predefined computer language, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform a certain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/or interpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab, Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

EXAMPLES

[00316] The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

[00317] Example 1 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause an initiating station (STA) to initiate a first ranging measurement with a responding STA, the first ranging measurement comprising transmission of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, and reception of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA; and initiate a second ranging measurement with the responding STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising transmission of a second NDPA from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, reception of a second DL NDP from the responding STA, and reception of a measurement report from the responding STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

[00318] Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiating STA to communicate with the responding STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00319] Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 1 or 2, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiating STA to receive a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00320] Example 4 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-3, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiating STA to transmit to the responding STA a request message to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and to receive from the responding STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00321] Example 5 includes the subject matter of Example 4, and optionally, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message.

[00322] Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP. [00323] Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

[00324] Example 8 includes the subject matter of Example 7, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiating STA to measure a ToD of the first UL NDP and a ToA of the first DL NDP, and to determine a ranging measurement based on the ToD of the first UL NDP, the ToA of the first UL NDP, the ToD of the first DL NDP, and the ToA of the first DL NDP.

[00325] Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, and optionally, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS).

[00326] Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-9, and optionally, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA.

[00327] Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, and optionally, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA.

[00328] Example 12 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-11, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement. [00329] Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-11, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from transmission of the first UL NDP to transmission of the second NDPA.

[00330] Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the initiating STA to receive from the responding STA an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values.

[00331] Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol. [00332] Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise message exchanges according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) ranging Protocol.

[00333] Example 17 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-16, and optionally, comprising a memory and a processor. [00334] Example 18 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-17, and optionally, comprising a radio, and one or more antennas. [00335] Example 19 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a an initiating station (STA), the initiating STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the initiating STA to initiate a first ranging measurement with a responding STA, the first ranging measurement comprising transmission of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, and reception of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA; and initiate a second ranging measurement with the responding STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising transmission of a second NDPA from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, reception of a second DL NDP from the responding STA, and reception of a measurement report from the responding STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement. [00336] Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 19, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiating STA to communicate with the responding STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00337] Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 19 or 20, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiating STA to receive a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00338] Example 22 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-21, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiating STA to transmit to the responding STA a request message to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and to receive from the responding STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00339] Example 23 includes the subject matter of Example 22, and optionally, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message.

[00340] Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-23, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP. [00341] Example 25 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-24, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP. [00342] Example 26 includes the subject matter of Example 25, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiating STA to measure a ToD of the first UL NDP and a ToA of the first DL NDP, and to determine a ranging measurement based on the ToD of the first UL NDP, the ToA of the first UL NDP, the ToD of the first DL NDP, and the ToA of the first DL NDP. [00343] Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-26, and optionally, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS).

[00344] Example 28 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-27, and optionally, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA.

[00345] Example 29 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-28, and optionally, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA.

[00346] Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-29, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement.

[00347] Example 31 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-29, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from transmission of the first UL NDP to transmission of the second NDPA. [00348] Example 32 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-31, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the initiating STA to receive from the responding STA an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values.

[00349] Example 33 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-32, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol. [00350] Example 34 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 19-33, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise message exchanges according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) ranging Protocol.

[00351] Example 35 includes a method to be performed at an initiating station (STA), the method comprising initiating a first ranging measurement with a responding STA, the first ranging measurement comprising transmission of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, and reception of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA; and initiating a second ranging measurement with the responding STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising transmission of a second NDPA from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, reception of a second DL NDP from the responding STA, and reception of a measurement report from the responding STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

[00352] Example 36 includes the subject matter of Example 35, and optionally, comprising communicating with the responding STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00353] Example 37 includes the subject matter of Example 35 or 36, and optionally, comprising receiving a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00354] Example 38 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-37, and optionally, comprising transmitting to the responding STA a request message to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and receiving from the responding STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00355] Example 39 includes the subject matter of Example 38, and optionally, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message. [00356] Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-39, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP.

[00357] Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-40, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

[00358] Example 42 includes the subject matter of Example 41, and optionally, comprising measuring a ToD of the first UL NDP and a ToA of the first DL NDP, and determining a ranging measurement based on the ToD of the first UL NDP, the ToA of the first UL NDP, the ToD of the first DL NDP, and the ToA of the first DL NDP.

[00359] Example 43 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-42, and optionally, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS). [00360] Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-43, and optionally, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA.

[00361] Example 45 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-44, and optionally, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA. [00362] Example 46 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-45, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement.

[00363] Example 47 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-45, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from transmission of the first UL NDP to transmission of the second NDPA.

[00364] Example 48 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-47, and optionally, comprising receiving from the responding STA an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values.

[00365] Example 49 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-48, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol. [00366] Example 50 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 35-49, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise message exchanges according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) ranging Protocol.

[00367] Example 51 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause an initiating station (STA) to initiate a first ranging measurement with a responding STA, the first ranging measurement comprising transmission of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, and reception of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA; and initiate a second ranging measurement with the responding STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising transmission of a second NDPA from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, reception of a second DL NDP from the responding STA, and reception of a measurement report from the responding STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

[00368] Example 52 includes the subject matter of Example 51, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiating STA to communicate with the responding STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00369] Example 53 includes the subject matter of Example 51 or 52, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiating STA to receive a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period. [00370] Example 54 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-53, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiating STA to transmit to the responding STA a request message to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and to receive from the responding STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00371] Example 55 includes the subject matter of Example 54, and optionally, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message. [00372] Example 56 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-55, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP. [00373] Example 57 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-56, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

[00374] Example 58 includes the subject matter of Example 57, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiating STA to measure a ToD of the first UL NDP and a ToA of the first DL NDP, and to determine a ranging measurement based on the ToD of the first UL NDP, the ToA of the first UL NDP, the ToD of the first DL NDP, and the ToA of the first DL NDP.

[00375] Example 59 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-58, and optionally, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS).

[00376] Example 60 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-59, and optionally, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA. [00377] Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-60, and optionally, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA.

[00378] Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-61, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement.

[00379] Example 63 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-61, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from transmission of the first UL NDP to transmission of the second NDPA.

[00380] Example 64 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-63, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the initiating STA to receive from the responding STA an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values.

[00381] Example 65 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-64, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol.

[00382] Example 66 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 51-65, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise message exchanges according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) ranging Protocol.

[00383] Example 67 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a an initiating station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for initiating a first ranging measurement with a responding STA, the first ranging measurement comprising transmission of a first Null-Data- Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, and reception of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA; and means for initiating a second ranging measurement with the responding STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising transmission of a second NDPA from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, reception of a second DL NDP from the responding STA, and reception of a measurement report from the responding STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

[00384] Example 68 includes the subject matter of Example 67, and optionally, comprising means for communicating with the responding STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00385] Example 69 includes the subject matter of Example 67 or 68, and optionally, comprising means for receiving a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00386] Example 70 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-69, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting to the responding STA a request message to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and receiving from the responding STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period. [00387] Example 71 includes the subject matter of Example 70, and optionally, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message.

[00388] Example 72 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-71, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP.

[00389] Example 73 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-72, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

[00390] Example 74 includes the subject matter of Example 73, and optionally, comprising means for measuring a ToD of the first UL NDP and a ToA of the first DL NDP, and determining a ranging measurement based on the ToD of the first UL NDP, the ToA of the first UL NDP, the ToD of the first DL NDP, and the ToA of the first DL NDP.

[00391] Example 75 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-74, and optionally, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS). [00392] Example 76 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-75, and optionally, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA.

[00393] Example 77 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-76, and optionally, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA. [00394] Example 78 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-77, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement.

[00395] Example 79 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-77, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from transmission of the first UL NDP to transmission of the second NDPA. [00396] Example 80 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-79, and optionally, comprising means for receiving from the responding STA an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values.

[00397] Example 81 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-80, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol.

[00398] Example 82 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-81, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise message exchanges according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) ranging Protocol. [00399] Example 83 includes an apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a responding station (STA) to communicate a first message exchange of a first ranging measurement with an initiating STA, the first ranging measurement comprising reception of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA, reception of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA, and transmission of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA; and communicate a second message exchange of a second ranging measurement with the initiating STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second NDPA from the initiating STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA, transmission of a second DL NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA, and transmission of a measurement report from the responding STA to the initiating STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

[00400] Example 84 includes the subject matter of Example 83, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the responding STA to communicate with the initiating STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00401] Example 85 includes the subject matter of Example 83 or 84, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the responding STA to transmit a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00402] Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-85, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the responding STA to receive a request message from the initiating STA to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and to transmit to the initiating STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00403] Example 87 includes the subject matter of Example 86, and optionally, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message.

[00404] Example 88 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-87, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP. [00405] Example 89 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-88, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

[00406] Example 90 includes the subject matter of Example 89, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the responding STA to measure the value corresponding to the ToA of the first UL NDP, and the value corresponding to the ToD of the first DL NDP.

[00407] Example 91 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-90, and optionally, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS).

[00408] Example 92 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-91, and optionally, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA.

[00409] Example 93 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-92, and optionally, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA.

[00410] Example 94 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-93, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement.

[00411] Example 95 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-93, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from reception of the first UL NDP to reception of the second NDPA. [00412] Example 96 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-95, and optionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to cause the responding STA to transmit an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values.

[00413] Example 97 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-96, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol.

[00414] Example 98 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-97, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise message exchanges according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) ranging Protocol. [00415] Example 99 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-98, and optionally, comprising a memory and a processor.

[00416] Example 100 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-99, and optionally, comprising a radio, and one or more antennas.

[00417] Example 101 includes a system of wireless communication comprising a responding station (STA), the responding STA comprising one or more antennas; a radio; a memory; a processor; and a controller configured to cause the responding STA to communicate a first message exchange of a first ranging measurement with an initiating STA, the first ranging measurement comprising reception of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA, reception of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA, and transmission of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA; and communicate a second message exchange of a second ranging measurement with the initiating STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second NDPA from the initiating STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA, transmission of a second DL NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA, and transmission of a measurement report from the responding STA to the initiating STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

[00418] Example 102 includes the subject matter of Example 101, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the responding STA to communicate with the initiating STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period. [00419] Example 103 includes the subject matter of Example 101 or 102, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the responding STA to transmit a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00420] Example 104 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-103, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the responding STA to receive a request message from the initiating STA to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and to transmit to the initiating STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00421] Example 105 includes the subject matter of Example 104, and optionally, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message.

[00422] Example 106 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-105, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP. [00423] Example 107 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-106, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

[00424] Example 108 includes the subject matter of Example 107, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the responding STA to measure the value corresponding to the ToA of the first UL NDP, and the value corresponding to the ToD of the first DL NDP.

[00425] Example 109 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-108, and optionally, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS).

[00426] Example 110 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-109, and optionally, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA.

[00427] Example 111 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-110, and optionally, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA. [00428] Example 112 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-111, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement. [00429] Example 113 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-111, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from reception of the first UL NDP to reception of the second NDP A.

[00430] Example 114 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-113, and optionally, wherein the controller is configured to cause the responding STA to transmit an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values.

[00431] Example 115 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-114, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol. [00432] Example 116 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 101-115, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise message exchanges according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) ranging Protocol.

[00433] Example 117 includes a method to be performed at a responding station (STA), the method comprising communicating a first message exchange of a first ranging measurement with an initiating STA, the first ranging measurement comprising reception of a first Null-Data- Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA, reception of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA, and transmission of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA; and communicating a second message exchange of a second ranging measurement with the initiating STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second NDPA from the initiating STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA, transmission of a second DL NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA, and transmission of a measurement report from the responding STA to the initiating STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement. [00434] Example 118 includes the subject matter of Example 117, and optionally, comprising communicating with the initiating STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period. [00435] Example 119 includes the subject matter of Example 117 or 118, and optionally, comprising transmitting a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00436] Example 120 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-119, and optionally, comprising receiving a request message from the initiating STA to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and transmitting to the initiating STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00437] Example 121 includes the subject matter of Example 120, and optionally, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message.

[00438] Example 122 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-121, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP.

[00439] Example 123 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-122, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

[00440] Example 124 includes the subject matter of Example 123, and optionally, comprising measuring the value corresponding to the ToA of the first UL NDP, and the value corresponding to the ToD of the first DL NDP. [00441] Example 125 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-124, and optionally, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS).

[00442] Example 126 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-125, and optionally, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA. [00443] Example 127 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-126, and optionally, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA.

[00444] Example 128 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-127, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement.

[00445] Example 129 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-127, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from reception of the first UL NDP to reception of the second NDP A.

[00446] Example 130 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-129, and optionally, comprising transmitting an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values.

[00447] Example 131 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-130, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol.

[00448] Example 132 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 117-131, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise message exchanges according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) ranging Protocol. [00449] Example 133 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a responding station (STA) to communicate a first message exchange of a first ranging measurement with an initiating STA, the first ranging measurement comprising reception of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA, reception of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA, and transmission of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA; and communicate a second message exchange of a second ranging measurement with the initiating STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second NDPA from the initiating STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA, transmission of a second DL NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA, and transmission of a measurement report from the responding STA to the initiating STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

[00450] Example 134 includes the subject matter of Example 133, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the responding STA to communicate with the initiating STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00451] Example 135 includes the subject matter of Example 133 or 134, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the responding STA to transmit a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period. [00452] Example 136 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-135, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the responding STA to receive a request message from the initiating STA to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and to transmit to the initiating STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period. [00453] Example 137 includes the subject matter of Example 136, and optionally, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message.

[00454] Example 138 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-137, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP.

[00455] Example 139 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-138, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

[00456] Example 140 includes the subject matter of Example 139, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the responding STA to measure the value corresponding to the ToA of the first UL NDP, and the value corresponding to the ToD of the first DL NDP.

[00457] Example 141 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-140, and optionally, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS).

[00458] Example 142 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-141, and optionally, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA.

[00459] Example 143 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-142, and optionally, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA.

[00460] Example 144 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-143, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement.

[00461] Example 145 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-143, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from reception of the first UL NDP to reception of the second NDP A.

[00462] Example 146 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-145, and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the responding STA to transmit an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values. [00463] Example 147 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-146, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol.

[00464] Example 148 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 133-147, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise message exchanges according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) ranging Protocol.

[00465] Example 149 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by a an responding station (STA), the apparatus comprising means for communicating a first message exchange of a first ranging measurement with an initiating STA, the first ranging measurement comprising reception of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA, reception of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA, and transmission of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA; and means for communicating a second message exchange of a second ranging measurement with the initiating STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second NDPA from the initiating STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA, transmission of a second DL NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA, and transmission of a measurement report from the responding STA to the initiating STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

[00466] Example 150 includes the subject matter of Example 149, and optionally, comprising means for communicating with the initiating STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00467] Example 151 includes the subject matter of Example 149 or 150, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period.

[00468] Example 152 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-151, and optionally, comprising means for receiving a request message from the initiating STA to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and transmitting to the initiating STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period. [00469] Example 153 includes the subject matter of Example 152, and optionally, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message.

[00470] Example 154 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-153, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP.

[00471] Example 155 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-154, and optionally, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP. [00472] Example 156 includes the subject matter of Example 155, and optionally, comprising means for measuring the value corresponding to the ToA of the first UL NDP, and the value corresponding to the ToD of the first DL NDP.

[00473] Example 157 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-156, and optionally, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS).

[00474] Example 158 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-157, and optionally, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA.

[00475] Example 159 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-158, and optionally, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA.

[00476] Example 160 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-159, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement.

[00477] Example 161 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-159, and optionally, wherein the delay period is from reception of the first UL NDP to reception of the second NDPA.

[00478] Example 162 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-161, and optionally, comprising means for transmitting an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values.

[00479] Example 163 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-162, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol.

[00480] Example 164 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 149-163, and optionally, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise message exchanges according to a Very High Throughput (VHT) ranging Protocol. [00481] Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may be utilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations, components and/or features described herein with reference to one or more other embodiments, or vice versa.

[00482] While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. An apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause an initiating station (STA) to:

initiate a first ranging measurement with a responding STA, the first ranging measurement comprising transmission of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, and reception of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA; and

initiate a second ranging measurement with the responding STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising transmission of a second NDPA from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, reception of a second DL NDP from the responding STA, and reception of a measurement report from the responding STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the initiating STA to communicate with the responding STA one or more negotiation messages to negotiate a ranging measurement phase, at least one of the negotiation messages comprising an indication of the delay period.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the initiating STA to receive a broadcast message comprising an indication of the delay period.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 configured to cause the initiating STA to transmit to the responding STA a request message to request to perform a ranging measurement phase, and to receive from the responding STA a response message comprising an indication of the delay period.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the request message comprises a Fine Timing Measurement (FTM) request, and the response message comprises an FTM message.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise one or more measurement values based on the first UL NDP, and one or more measurement values based on the first DL NDP.

7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 configured to cause the initiating STA to measure a ToD of the first UL NDP and a ToA of the first DL NDP, and to determine a ranging measurement based on the ToD of the first UL NDP, the ToA of the first UL NDP, the ToD of the first DL NDP, and the ToA of the first DL NDP.

9. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the first UL NDP is a first time period after the first NDPA, and the first DL NDP is a second time period after the first UL NDP, the first and second time periods are no more than a Short Inter-Frame Space (SIFS).

10. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the measurement report comprises an Identifier (ID) to identify the initiating STA.

11. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA.

12. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the delay period is from an end of a measurement sequence in the first ranging measurement to a beginning of a measurement sequence in the second ranging measurement.

13. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-6 configured to cause the initiating STA to receive from the responding STA an indication of a minimal time period that the responding STA is to maintain the measurement values.

14. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the first and second ranging measurements comprise Single User (SU) ranging measurements of a SU ranging protocol.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-6 comprising a radio, and one or more antennas.

16. A method to be performed at an initiating station (STA), the method comprising:

initiating a first ranging measurement with a responding STA, the first ranging measurement comprising transmission of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, and reception of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA; and

initiating a second ranging measurement with the responding STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising transmission of a second NDPA from the initiating STA to the responding STA, transmission of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA to the responding STA, reception of a second DL NDP from the responding STA, and reception of a measurement report from the responding STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA.

19. A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause an initiating station (STA) to perform the method of any one of claims 16-18.

20. An apparatus comprising logic and circuitry configured to cause a responding station (STA) to:

communicate a first message exchange of a first ranging measurement with an initiating STA, the first ranging measurement comprising reception of a first Null-Data-Packet (NDP) Announcement (NDPA) from the initiating STA, reception of a first Uplink (UL) NDP from the initiating STA, and transmission of a first Downlink (DL) NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA; and

communicate a second message exchange of a second ranging measurement with the initiating STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second NDPA from the initiating STA at least a delay period after the first ranging measurement, the delay period indicated by the responding STA, the second ranging measurement comprising reception of a second UL NDP from the initiating STA, transmission of a second DL NDP from the responding STA to the initiating STA, and transmission of a measurement report from the responding STA to the initiating STA, the measurement report comprising one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the delay period comprises a minimal Time of Arrival (ToA) delay period to indicate a delay of a ToA calculation result from the responding STA.

23. The apparatus of claim 20 comprising a radio, and one or more antennas.

24. A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at least one processor, enable the at least one processor to cause a responding station (STA) to:

25. The product of claim 24, wherein the one or more measurement values corresponding to the first ranging measurement comprise a value corresponding to a Time of Arrival (ToA) of the first UL NDP, and a value corresponding to a Time of Departure (ToD) of the first DL NDP.