WO2017165938A1 - A high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit - Google Patents

A high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017165938A1
WO2017165938A1 PCT/CA2016/000086 CA2016000086W WO2017165938A1 WO 2017165938 A1 WO2017165938 A1 WO 2017165938A1 CA 2016000086 W CA2016000086 W CA 2016000086W WO 2017165938 A1 WO2017165938 A1 WO 2017165938A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
solar
transparent
electricity
combined unit
unit according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2016/000086
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Huazi Lin
Yuanhao LIN
Original Assignee
W&E International (Canada) Corp.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by W&E International (Canada) Corp. filed Critical W&E International (Canada) Corp.
Priority to PCT/CA2016/000086 priority Critical patent/WO2017165938A1/en
Priority to AU2017243885A priority patent/AU2017243885A1/en
Priority to MX2018011976A priority patent/MX2018011976A/en
Priority to KR1020187031517A priority patent/KR20190102982A/en
Priority to EP17772890.4A priority patent/EP3436753A1/en
Priority to CN201780021686.4A priority patent/CN109073276A/en
Priority to BR112018069981A priority patent/BR112018069981A2/en
Priority to PCT/CA2017/000068 priority patent/WO2017165955A1/en
Priority to EA201800517A priority patent/EA201800517A1/en
Priority to US16/089,652 priority patent/US20190131924A1/en
Publication of WO2017165938A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017165938A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
    • F24S70/20—Details of absorbing elements characterised by absorbing coatings; characterised by surface treatment for increasing absorption
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/40—Thermal components
    • H02S40/44—Means to utilise heat energy, e.g. hybrid systems producing warm water and electricity at the same time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/50—Solar heat collectors using working fluids the working fluids being conveyed between plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
    • H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/20—Optical components
    • H02S40/22—Light-reflecting or light-concentrating means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/60—Thermal-PV hybrids

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to solar energy applications.
  • This disclosure specially relates to the high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit used different materials to absorb solar energy in different wave bands.
  • Solar electricity and thermal integrated material and at least one transparent solar energy coat material are used.
  • the purpose of this disclosure is to integrate the existing and new materials for a solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit.
  • This unit can absorb and convert solar energy to electricity at first and as much as possible.
  • the unit also can absorb and covert the solar energy to heat as much as possible.
  • this disclosure also uses a phase change material to limit the working temperature of the unit and a fluid channel to transfer the heat.
  • the disclosure may also arrange one side of the unit to connect to air (indoor or outdoor) directly to limit the unit working temperature.
  • the unit comprises a base material and a light reflect material arranged on said base material.
  • a solar heat and solar electricity integrated material arranged on said light reflect material.
  • At least one transparent solar energy coating located by said solar heat and solar electricity material.
  • a transparent material arranged at the top of the unit and receiving sunlight first.
  • An electricity transfer and control device connected to the solar electric coating.
  • the unit further comprises supporting material(s) for joining and/or supporting above said materials to become a unit. Above said materials may be laminated by interlayers.
  • the materials and unit also can be selectively separated and arranged in a frame.
  • the unit also can be removeably received in a flame for future upgrade or replace.
  • the unit can be an independent energy supply unit or an element of a space shell able receiving sunlight.
  • the space may be a space of a building or a transportation device.
  • the building may be a commercial, industries, residential or agriculture building.
  • the transportation device can be device of road transport, maritime transport, air transport and/or rail transport etc.
  • the base material can be a glass, a surface of an element of a space shell such as a space of a building or a transportation device.
  • the solar heat and solar electricity integrated material can be a PV cell or an organic solar coat.
  • PV cell is a small unit generate electricity directly from sunlight using semiconducting material. When the sunlight passes through a PV cell, both solar heat and electricity are generated. So PV cell or panel is a solar thermal and electricity integrated material.
  • Organic solar cell e.g. polymer solar cell, flexible solar cell
  • Organic solar cell is uses an organic coat on polymer/plastic. When the sunlight passes through an organic cell, both solar heat and electricity are generated mainly from visible sunlight. So the organic solar cell or panel is a solar thermal and solar electricity integrated material.
  • the transparent solar energy coating(s) can be a transparent solar electric cell. It uses a solar electricity coat placed on a transparent material (e.g.
  • the transparent solar cell is a solar electricity material.
  • the transparent solar energy coating(s) can also be a transparent solar thermal material. It mainly absorbs the sunlight energy of infrared spectra and converts to heat, but allow visible light to go through.
  • the transparent solar energy coating(s) is selected from a group consisting of: a transparent solar electric coating; a transparent solar thermal coating; and a transparent solar electric coating arranged on one side or two sides of said transparent material and a transparent solar thermal coating arranged under said solar heat and solar electricity material and above said light reflect material.
  • the transparent material may be a glass, a transparent polymer or a glass with a polymer. Whatever they are liquid, coat, foil, hard or soft.
  • the solar heat and solar electricity integrated material may be a PV cell or an organic solar electric coat that defined above.
  • the transparent solar electric material may be a transparent solar electric coat or a transparent solar electric cell introduced above.
  • the transparent solar electric material may be a transparent solar electric coat or a transparent solar electric cell.
  • the electricity transfer and control device can be electricity wile, plug, connection or switch that connected said solar electric cell with user. It may also a controlling device for voltage, current or power controlling. It may also be a DC/AC converter etc.
  • the supporting materials include but not limited to an interlayer (e.g. viscose, adhesives) for laminating the unit; or a flame for separating and supporting the materials; and/or a spacer for separating said materials, e.g. glasses or polymer.
  • the spacer may include drier for protecting the coatings.
  • the unit may also comprise one or more of: a heat insulating material arranged under the base material or the side of the unit; a heat absorbing and transferring material for transfer the absorbed solar heat for transfer; a phase change material arranged under the unit for storing heat and limit the working temperature of the unit; and a fluid (air or liquid) channel for transferring the absorbed heat.
  • the unit may further comprising a transparent material for receiving said solar electric and/or solar thermal material(s) and allow sunlight to pass through.
  • the materials form the unit may be laminated in one fixed unit by interlayers. The materials also can be selectively separated by spacer with drier for protection of the materials. The unit also can be removeabiy received in a flame for future upgrade or replace.
  • phase change material with a fluid channel arranged under the unit.
  • the phase change material limits the working temperature of the unit to its phase change temperature and the fluid channel transfer the absorbed heat for hot water, space heating and cooling.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrates exemplary a high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit comprising PV Cells. (Dimensions are disproportionate)
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrates exemplary a high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit comprising organic cells. (Sizes are disproportionate)
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram illustrates exemplary a high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit 10.
  • the unit 1 can be a part of a space shell separates the spaces from surroundings.
  • the unit can also be an independent unit for solar energy (e.g. heat and electricity) generation.
  • the unit 10 has a transparent material (e.g. glass or polymer) 102.
  • a transparent solar electric coat 101 arranged on one side or two sides of 102 for absorbing solar energy and converting it to electricity.
  • Electricity device e.g. wiles, connection 1011 for transfer electricity to user. 1011 may also comprise a control device and or a convertor.
  • PV cells including the protection glass103 arranged under the glass 102.
  • Electric device e.g. wiles and connections 1031 for transfer electricity to user.
  • a transparent solar thermal coating 104 is arranged under the PV cells 103 to convert received sunlight to heat. There may be a transparent insolation layer between 103 and 104. (did not show in Fig.1).
  • a reflect material 105 is arranged under 104.
  • a base material 106 e.g. glass, polymer or a surface of a space
  • the above mentioned layers 103, 104, 105 and 106 may be laminated by transparent interlayers e.g. PVB or EVA. Some of them may be separated. For example, in Fig. 1 , transparent material 102 is separated from 103.
  • the gap between 102 and 103 including an air gate 109 can be a fluid channel for transferring heat from the unit 10.
  • the unit 10 further comprises a frame 110 for support the unit, a heat phase change material 107 for eliminate the working temperature of the unit 10, a fluid channel 111 thermally connected 107 for collecting and transfer the collected heat by 107.
  • a spacer 112 may including drier) for separate and fix the materials.
  • the unit 10 may further comprise a back plate including heat insulation 108.
  • the PV cell including protection glass 103 This is because usually PV cells need a separated transparent protection. For other coating materials, some of them have a protection material formed in the curing processing, or they are self- protected. This means the protection is integrated with the coatings. It is not necessary to point out specially.
  • a reflect layer plus a base material can be a glass with a reflect coating. It also can be a white plastic with reflect function.
  • Fig. 2 is the same.
  • the transparent solar electric coat 101 absorbs solar energy and converts it to electricity.
  • electricity wiles, connection 1011 the electricity is transferred to user.
  • the absorbed energy in 01 is mainly from the UV and near infrared spectrum.
  • the PV cells 03 absorb transmitted sunlight and convert it to electricity and heat.
  • the energy absorbed in PV cells is mainly the visible light and infrared spectrum.
  • the electricity is transferred to user through wiles and connection 1031.
  • 101 and 031 may also include controllers or convert devices.
  • the further transmitted light pass through the transparent solar thermal coat 104, most of the rest energy in infrared spectra is absorbed by the coat 104 and transfer to heat.
  • the sunlight energy is absorbed in multi layers of solar energy absorb materials.
  • the layer number can be as such as up to four.
  • Each solar absorb material absorbs a special and different wave band of sunlight, so the solar energy efficiency of the unit 10 can be very high.
  • the heat generated by the unit 0 can be collected for hot water, space heating and cooling.
  • the gap between 102 and 103 has a fluid channel e.g. air channel 109 to transfer the collected heat for space heating and cooling.
  • the phase change material 107 eliminates the working temperature of the unit to the phase change temperature.
  • the fluid channel 111 pass through the phase change material 107 to transfer the collected heat to user.
  • the generated heat also can transfer to space by directly connecting the base material 106 of unit 10 to the space for space heating and unit cooling.
  • the space room temperature will keep the unit working temperature at a proper level.
  • the top of 103 of unit 10 also can open to
  • the unit 10 is a part of a surface of a space, or if the unit 10 can put on a surface of a space, we can put the unit under a frame covered by transparent material, e.g. glass or polymer.
  • a fluid channel can be arranged to transfer the collected heat.
  • the elements 103, 104, 105 and 106 are the main part of the unit and can be laminate together in one unit.
  • the parts 102, 107, 108 1nd 109 can be separated indivisibly or jointly.
  • the unit 10 can have many different variants. Some of the examples are as following:
  • the unit 10 can have only following layers: a. the PV cells including the protection glass 103. b. The transparent solar thermal coating 104. c. The reflect layer 105. d. The base material 106. e. The transparent solar electricity coat 01 is coated on the protection glass surface of 103. All these materials can be laminated by interlayer materials (not shown in Fig.1 ) and form one fixed unit. This case is to replace the protection glass of 103 by glass 102 including the coating 101 on top side.
  • the unit 10 may have no transparent solar electricity coat 10 .
  • the unit is to add a transparent solar thermal coating 104 only between the reflect layer 105 and the PV cell 103. In other word it is to add a transparent solar thermal coating 104 in to regular PV panels between PV cell 103 and the light reflect material 105.
  • the unit 10 may have a transparent solar electricity coat 101 applied on two sides of the transparent material 102.
  • Transparent material 102 is arranged above a regular PV panel.
  • Said PV panel have PV cells 103 including protection glass, reflect material 105 and base material 06.
  • the unit 10 may have no transparent solar thermal coat 104. It is to add a
  • PV panels transparent solar electricity coating 101 on top of the glass of an existing regular PV panel.
  • Said PV panel have PV cells 103 including protection glass, reflect material 105 and base material 06.
  • the maxim working temperature of the transparent solar thermal coating 104 is lower the temperature of the unit lamination processing.
  • the transparent thermal coat 104 and the reflecting material 105 can be arranged on back of the base glass 106 after the laminating processing.
  • unit 10 may be separated and not laminated in one complete fixed unit.
  • the coat material (s) may be integrated in the interlayer/joint material for laminating.
  • the definitions of the solar heat and solar electricity integrated material, the transparent solar thermal coat material, the transparent solar electricity material and the space sell have been introduced and defined in SUMMERY.
  • FIG. 2 it is a schematic sketch illustrates exemplary a high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit 20.
  • the feature of the unit 20 is that all the solar energy absorbing layers can be coated painted or processed. Of cause, they also can be simply combined or laminated. They may be applied at a flexible plastic, so unit 20 can be flexible. They may also paint or coat on a surface of space shell.
  • the unit 20 has a base material 206. It is a polymer or a surface of a space shell.
  • a reflect material 205 arranged on the base material.
  • a transparent solar thermal coat 204 arranged on the reflecting material 205 for transferring solar energy to heat.
  • a solar thermal and electricity integrated material 203 e.g. the organic solar cell, arranged on 204.
  • a transparent material 202 e.g. polymer, arranged on the top of 203.
  • a transparent solar electric coat 201 arranged on one side or two sides of 202 for absorbing solar energy and converting it to electricity.
  • 2011 and 2031 may also comprise a control device and/or an AC/DC converter.
  • the transparent solar electric coat 201 absorbs solar energy and converts it to electricity.
  • connection 2021 the electricity is transferred to user.
  • the absorbed energy in 201 is mainly from the UV and near infrared spectrum.
  • the organic solar cells 203 absorb transmitted sunlight and convert it to electricity and heat.
  • the energy absorbed in organic solar cells is mainly the visible light and infrared spectrum.
  • the electricity is transferred to user through wiles and connection 203 .
  • 2031 may also include controller or AC/DC convert device.
  • the further transmitted light pass through the transparent solar thermal coat 204, most of the rest energy in infrared spectra is absorbed by the coat 204 and transfer to heat.
  • the sunlight energy is absorbed in three or four layers of solar energy absorb materials. Each solar absorb material absorbs a special and different wave band of energy, so the solar energy efficiency of the unit can be very high.
  • the unit 20 can have many different variants. Some of the examples are as following: 1.
  • the unit 20 is a laminated unit.
  • the unit 20 may have no transparent solar electricity coat 201. So the unit is to add a transparent solar thermal coating 204 only on the reflect layer 205 and under the organic solar cells 203. In other word it is to add a transparent solar thermal coating 204 in to regular organic panel under organic cells 203 and above the light reflect material 205.
  • the unit 20 may have a transparent solar electricity coat 201 applied on two sides of the transparent material 202.
  • Transparent material 202 is arranged separated and above a regular solar organic cell panel.
  • Said solar organic panel have solar organic cells 203, reflect material 205 and base material 206.
  • the unit 20 may have no transparent solar thermal coat 204. It is to add a transparent solar electricity coating 201 on top of the protection layer of an existing regular solar organic panel. Said solar organic panel has solar organic cells 203, reflect material 205 and base material 206.
  • the definitions of the solar heat and solar electricity integrated material, the transparent solar thermal coat material, the transparent solar electricity material and the space sell have been introduced and defined in SUMMERY.
  • the coat material (s) may be integrated in the interlayer/joint material for laminating. Some time, the allowed maximum temperature of the transparent solar thermal coat material is lower than the temperature of the unit lamination processing. In this case, the transparent solar thermal coat material and the reflect material can be arranged at the back material and after the lamination processing.
  • the heat generated by the unit 20 can be collected for hot water, space heating and cooling.
  • the unit 20 is directly on a surface of a space, or if unit 20 can put on a surface of a space, we can put the unit under a frame covered by transparent material, e.g. glass or polymer.
  • a fluid channel can be arranged to transfer the collected heat. If the unit 20 is an
  • Fig. 1 independent flexible or hard flat material
  • Fig. 1 to collect and transfer solar heat. These arrangements are familiar for engineers in this field. So they are not shown in Fig. 2.
  • the reflect material in Fig. 2 may be removed.
  • the unit may include a coat material to reduce the energy loss through sunlight reflection.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

This disclosure provides high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit. The unit uses multi solar energy absorbing materials to absorb solar energy. Each solar absorbing material absorbs special and different spectrum of sunlight. Solar electricity and thermal integrated material and at least one transparent solar energy coat material are used.

Description

A HIGH EFFICIENT SOLAR THERMAL and SOLAR ELECTRICITY COMBINED UNIT
TECHNICAL FIELD
This disclosure relates to solar energy applications. This disclosure specially relates to the high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit used different materials to absorb solar energy in different wave bands. Solar electricity and thermal integrated material and at least one transparent solar energy coat material are used.
BACKGROUND
We are in a new energy era. Solar energy will be the key and most important energy in the new energy era. To absorb solar energy, there are two main technical paths: solar thermal and solar electricity. Solar thermal technologies and products have the advantages: high efficiency, cost effective and heat can be stored. Solar electricity can be used very flexibility to meet different energy requirements. The combined solar thermal and solar electricity unit can have both advantages of solar thermal and solar electricity. Some prior art simply use the heat generated by PV panel. It is not enough. To develop an ideal solar thermal and solar electricity unit need to answer following questions: 1. How to absorb and convert solar energy to electricity at first and as much as possible? 2. How to absorb and convert rest solar energy to heat as much as possible? 3. How to keep the unit in a balanced working temperature and get optimal efficiency for the unit?
The purpose of this disclosure is to integrate the existing and new materials for a solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit. This unit can absorb and convert solar energy to electricity at first and as much as possible. The unit also can absorb and covert the solar energy to heat as much as possible. For this purpose, we use multi- levels of solar absorbing materials. Each absorbing material works in a different and special wave band to get solar heat, solar electricity or both. For an optimal energy efficiency, this disclosure also uses a phase change material to limit the working temperature of the unit and a fluid channel to transfer the heat. The disclosure may also arrange one side of the unit to connect to air (indoor or outdoor) directly to limit the unit working temperature. Some examples of the multi solar heat and solar electricity absorb materials are defined in Summary.
SUMMARY
This disclosure provides a high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit. The unit comprises a base material and a light reflect material arranged on said base material. A solar heat and solar electricity integrated material arranged on said light reflect material. At least one transparent solar energy coating located by said solar heat and solar electricity material. A transparent material arranged at the top of the unit and receiving sunlight first. An electricity transfer and control device connected to the solar electric coating. The unit further comprises supporting material(s) for joining and/or supporting above said materials to become a unit. Above said materials may be laminated by interlayers. The materials and unit also can be selectively separated and arranged in a frame. The unit also can be removeably received in a flame for future upgrade or replace.
Here the unit can be an independent energy supply unit or an element of a space shell able receiving sunlight. The space may be a space of a building or a transportation device. The building may be a commercial, industries, residential or agriculture building. The transportation device can be device of road transport, maritime transport, air transport and/or rail transport etc. The base material can be a glass, a surface of an element of a space shell such as a space of a building or a transportation device.
The solar heat and solar electricity integrated material can be a PV cell or an organic solar coat. PV cell is a small unit generate electricity directly from sunlight using semiconducting material. When the sunlight passes through a PV cell, both solar heat and electricity are generated. So PV cell or panel is a solar thermal and electricity integrated material. Organic solar cell (e.g. polymer solar cell, flexible solar cell) is uses an organic coat on polymer/plastic. When the sunlight passes through an organic cell, both solar heat and electricity are generated mainly from visible sunlight. So the organic solar cell or panel is a solar thermal and solar electricity integrated material. The transparent solar energy coating(s) can be a transparent solar electric cell. It uses a solar electricity coat placed on a transparent material (e.g. glass or polymor) to absorb the energy mainly from UV and near infrared spectrum of sunlight. The light converts to electricity and allow visible light to go through. The transparent solar cell is a solar electricity material. The transparent solar energy coating(s) can also be a transparent solar thermal material. It mainly absorbs the sunlight energy of infrared spectra and converts to heat, but allow visible light to go through. The transparent solar energy coating(s) is selected from a group consisting of: a transparent solar electric coating; a transparent solar thermal coating; and a transparent solar electric coating arranged on one side or two sides of said transparent material and a transparent solar thermal coating arranged under said solar heat and solar electricity material and above said light reflect material.
The transparent material may be a glass, a transparent polymer or a glass with a polymer. Whatever they are liquid, coat, foil, hard or soft. The solar heat and solar electricity integrated material may be a PV cell or an organic solar electric coat that defined above. The transparent solar electric material may be a transparent solar electric coat or a transparent solar electric cell introduced above. The transparent solar electric material may be a transparent solar electric coat or a transparent solar electric cell.
The electricity transfer and control device can be electricity wile, plug, connection or switch that connected said solar electric cell with user. It may also a controlling device for voltage, current or power controlling. It may also be a DC/AC converter etc. The supporting materials include but not limited to an interlayer (e.g. viscose, adhesives) for laminating the unit; or a flame for separating and supporting the materials; and/or a spacer for separating said materials, e.g. glasses or polymer. The spacer may include drier for protecting the coatings.
The unit may also comprise one or more of: a heat insulating material arranged under the base material or the side of the unit; a heat absorbing and transferring material for transfer the absorbed solar heat for transfer; a phase change material arranged under the unit for storing heat and limit the working temperature of the unit; and a fluid (air or liquid) channel for transferring the absorbed heat. The unit may further comprising a transparent material for receiving said solar electric and/or solar thermal material(s) and allow sunlight to pass through. The materials form the unit may be laminated in one fixed unit by interlayers. The materials also can be selectively separated by spacer with drier for protection of the materials. The unit also can be removeabiy received in a flame for future upgrade or replace.
This disclosure also introduces a phase change material with a fluid channel arranged under the unit. The phase change material limits the working temperature of the unit to its phase change temperature and the fluid channel transfer the absorbed heat for hot water, space heating and cooling.
Other aspects and features of the present disclosure will become apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art up review of the following description of specific embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying figures.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrates exemplary a high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit comprising PV Cells. (Dimensions are disproportionate)
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrates exemplary a high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit comprising organic cells. (Sizes are disproportionate)
DETAIL DISCRETION
Refer to Fig. 1 , it is a schematic diagram illustrates exemplary a high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit 10. The unit 1 can be a part of a space shell separates the spaces from surroundings. The unit can also be an independent unit for solar energy (e.g. heat and electricity) generation. The unit 10 has a transparent material (e.g. glass or polymer) 102. A transparent solar electric coat 101 arranged on one side or two sides of 102 for absorbing solar energy and converting it to electricity. Electricity device e.g. wiles, connection 1011 for transfer electricity to user. 1011 may also comprise a control device and or a convertor. PV cells including the protection glass103 arranged under the glass 102. Electric device e.g. wiles and connections 1031 for transfer electricity to user. 1031 may also comprise a control device, switcher or AC/DC converter. A transparent solar thermal coating 104 is arranged under the PV cells 103 to convert received sunlight to heat. There may be a transparent insolation layer between 103 and 104. (did not show in Fig.1). A reflect material 105 is arranged under 104. A base material 106 (e.g. glass, polymer or a surface of a space) is arranged under 105. The above mentioned layers 103, 104, 105 and 106 may be laminated by transparent interlayers e.g. PVB or EVA. Some of them may be separated. For example, in Fig. 1 , transparent material 102 is separated from 103. The gap between 102 and 103 including an air gate 109 can be a fluid channel for transferring heat from the unit 10. The unit 10 further comprises a frame 110 for support the unit, a heat phase change material 107 for eliminate the working temperature of the unit 10, a fluid channel 111 thermally connected 107 for collecting and transfer the collected heat by 107. A spacer 112 (may including drier) for separate and fix the materials. The unit 10 may further comprise a back plate including heat insulation 108. Here we special point out the PV cell including protection glass 103. This is because usually PV cells need a separated transparent protection. For other coating materials, some of them have a protection material formed in the curing processing, or they are self- protected. This means the protection is integrated with the coatings. It is not necessary to point out specially. Abovementioned layer can be a well-defined layer. It also can be one object with two functions. For example, a reflect layer plus a base material can be a glass with a reflect coating. It also can be a white plastic with reflect function. In Fig. 2 is the same.
When sunlight 00 shines the unit 10, the transparent solar electric coat 101 absorbs solar energy and converts it to electricity. Through electricity wiles, connection 1011, the electricity is transferred to user. The absorbed energy in 01 is mainly from the UV and near infrared spectrum. The PV cells 03 absorb transmitted sunlight and convert it to electricity and heat. The energy absorbed in PV cells is mainly the visible light and infrared spectrum. The electricity is transferred to user through wiles and connection 1031. 101 and 031 may also include controllers or convert devices. The further transmitted light pass through the transparent solar thermal coat 104, most of the rest energy in infrared spectra is absorbed by the coat 104 and transfer to heat. If there is any sunlight pass through 101, 102, 103 and 104 the remaining light will be reflected by 105 to go through 104, 103, 102 and 101 in a reverse direction sequentially. The remaining energy will be absorbed in each layer again. From above description, following is the key points of this disclosure: The sunlight energy is absorbed in multi layers of solar energy absorb materials. The layer number can be as such as up to four. Each solar absorb material absorbs a special and different wave band of sunlight, so the solar energy efficiency of the unit 10 can be very high.
The heat generated by the unit 0 can be collected for hot water, space heating and cooling. The gap between 102 and 103 has a fluid channel e.g. air channel 109 to transfer the collected heat for space heating and cooling. The phase change material 107 eliminates the working temperature of the unit to the phase change temperature. The fluid channel 111 pass through the phase change material 107 to transfer the collected heat to user. The generated heat also can transfer to space by directly connecting the base material 106 of unit 10 to the space for space heating and unit cooling. The space room temperature will keep the unit working temperature at a proper level. In a very hot weather season, the top of 103 of unit 10 also can open to
atmosphere to get a proper working temperature for the unit. In this case 102 not exist.
If the unit 10 is a part of a surface of a space, or if the unit 10 can put on a surface of a space, we can put the unit under a frame covered by transparent material, e.g. glass or polymer. A fluid channel can be arranged to transfer the collected heat. These arrangements are familiar for engineers in this field. So they are not shown in Fig. 1.
In fact, it is not necessary to put all above mentioned parts in one completed unit.
Usually the elements 103, 104, 105 and 106 are the main part of the unit and can be laminate together in one unit. The parts 102, 107, 108 1nd 109 can be separated indivisibly or jointly.
The unit 10 can have many different variants. Some of the examples are as following:
1. The unit 10 can have only following layers: a. the PV cells including the protection glass 103. b. The transparent solar thermal coating 104. c. The reflect layer 105. d. The base material 106. e. The transparent solar electricity coat 01 is coated on the protection glass surface of 103. All these materials can be laminated by interlayer materials (not shown in Fig.1 ) and form one fixed unit. This case is to replace the protection glass of 103 by glass 102 including the coating 101 on top side.
2. The unit 10 may have no transparent solar electricity coat 10 . The unit is to add a transparent solar thermal coating 104 only between the reflect layer 105 and the PV cell 103. In other word it is to add a transparent solar thermal coating 104 in to regular PV panels between PV cell 103 and the light reflect material 105.
3. The unit 10 may have a transparent solar electricity coat 101 applied on two sides of the transparent material 102. Transparent material 102 is arranged above a regular PV panel. Said PV panel have PV cells 103 including protection glass, reflect material 105 and base material 06.
4. The unit 10 may have no transparent solar thermal coat 104. It is to add a
transparent solar electricity coating 101 on top of the glass of an existing regular PV panel. Said PV panel have PV cells 103 including protection glass, reflect material 105 and base material 06.
5. Sometime the maxim working temperature of the transparent solar thermal coating 104 is lower the temperature of the unit lamination processing. In this case, the transparent thermal coat 104 and the reflecting material 105 can be arranged on back of the base glass 106 after the laminating processing.
Some of the layers (e.g. 01 , 102, 103, 104, 105 and 06) of unit 10 may be separated and not laminated in one complete fixed unit.
In fig. , when the unit has some of the coats are laminated. The coat material (s) may be integrated in the interlayer/joint material for laminating. The definitions of the solar heat and solar electricity integrated material, the transparent solar thermal coat material, the transparent solar electricity material and the space sell have been introduced and defined in SUMMERY. Some time when we want to get a translucent unit, the reflect material 105, phase change material 107 and insulation 108 need to be removed and the base material 106 need be transparent..
Refer to Fig. 2, it is a schematic sketch illustrates exemplary a high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit 20. The feature of the unit 20 is that all the solar energy absorbing layers can be coated painted or processed. Of cause, they also can be simply combined or laminated. They may be applied at a flexible plastic, so unit 20 can be flexible. They may also paint or coat on a surface of space shell. The unit 20 has a base material 206. It is a polymer or a surface of a space shell. A reflect material 205 arranged on the base material. A transparent solar thermal coat 204 arranged on the reflecting material 205 for transferring solar energy to heat. A solar thermal and electricity integrated material 203, e.g. the organic solar cell, arranged on 204. A transparent material 202, e.g. polymer, arranged on the top of 203. A transparent solar electric coat 201 arranged on one side or two sides of 202 for absorbing solar energy and converting it to electricity. Wiles and connections 2011 and 2031 for transfer electricity to user. 2011 and 2031 may also comprise a control device and/or an AC/DC converter. There may be a transparent electric insolation interlayer between 201 and 203 (did not show in Fig.2).
When sunlight 200 shines the unit 20, the transparent solar electric coat 201 absorbs solar energy and converts it to electricity. Through electricity wiles, connection 2021 , the electricity is transferred to user. The absorbed energy in 201 is mainly from the UV and near infrared spectrum. The organic solar cells 203 absorb transmitted sunlight and convert it to electricity and heat. The energy absorbed in organic solar cells is mainly the visible light and infrared spectrum. The electricity is transferred to user through wiles and connection 203 . 2031 may also include controller or AC/DC convert device. The further transmitted light pass through the transparent solar thermal coat 204, most of the rest energy in infrared spectra is absorbed by the coat 204 and transfer to heat. If there is any sunlight pass through 201 , 202, 203 and 204 and reaches reflector 205, the remaining light will be reflected to go through 204, 203, 202 and 201 in a reverse direction sequentially. The remaining energy will be absorbed in each layer again. From above description, following are the key points of this disclosure: The sunlight energy is absorbed in three or four layers of solar energy absorb materials. Each solar absorb material absorbs a special and different wave band of energy, so the solar energy efficiency of the unit can be very high.
The unit 20 can have many different variants. Some of the examples are as following: 1. The unit 20 is a laminated unit. The unit 20 may have no transparent solar electricity coat 201. So the unit is to add a transparent solar thermal coating 204 only on the reflect layer 205 and under the organic solar cells 203. In other word it is to add a transparent solar thermal coating 204 in to regular organic panel under organic cells 203 and above the light reflect material 205.
The unit 20 may have a transparent solar electricity coat 201 applied on two sides of the transparent material 202. Transparent material 202 is arranged separated and above a regular solar organic cell panel. Said solar organic panel have solar organic cells 203, reflect material 205 and base material 206.
The unit 20 may have no transparent solar thermal coat 204. It is to add a transparent solar electricity coating 201 on top of the protection layer of an existing regular solar organic panel. Said solar organic panel has solar organic cells 203, reflect material 205 and base material 206.
The definitions of the solar heat and solar electricity integrated material, the transparent solar thermal coat material, the transparent solar electricity material and the space sell have been introduced and defined in SUMMERY. In fig. 2, when the unit has some of the coats are laminated. The coat material (s) may be integrated in the interlayer/joint material for laminating. Some time, the allowed maximum temperature of the transparent solar thermal coat material is lower than the temperature of the unit lamination processing. In this case, the transparent solar thermal coat material and the reflect material can be arranged at the back material and after the lamination processing. The heat generated by the unit 20 can be collected for hot water, space heating and cooling. If the unit 20 is directly on a surface of a space, or if unit 20 can put on a surface of a space, we can put the unit under a frame covered by transparent material, e.g. glass or polymer. A fluid channel can be arranged to transfer the collected heat. If the unit 20 is an
independent flexible or hard flat material, it can be arranged in a frame shown in Fig. 1 to collect and transfer solar heat. These arrangements are familiar for engineers in this field. So they are not shown in Fig. 2. Some time to get a translucent unit, the reflect material in Fig. 2 may be removed. Some time, the unit may include a coat material to reduce the energy loss through sunlight reflection.

Claims

1. A high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit comprising:
a base material;
a light reflect material arranged on said base material;
a solar heat and solar electricity integrated material arranged on said light reflect material;
at least one transparent solar energy coat material arranged nearby said solar heat and solar electricity integrated material;
an electricity device for transferring generated electricity; and
supporting material(s) for joining and/or supporting said materials to become a unit.
2. The combined unit according to claim 1 , wherein said unit is selected from a group consisting of:
an independent solar energy supply unit; and
an element of a space shell able receiving sunlight.
3. The combined unit according to claim 1 , wherein said base material is selected from a group consisting of:
a glass;
a surface of a an element of a space shell able receiving sunlight;
a surface of a transportation device.
4. The combined unit according to claim 1 , wherein said solar heat and solar electricity integrated material is selected from a group consisting of:
a PV cell; and
an organic solar coat.
5. The combined unit according to claim 1 , wherein said transparent solar energy
coating(s) is selected from a group consisting of:
a transparent solar electric coating;
a transparent solar thermal coating; and
a transparent solar electric coating arranged on one side or two sides of said transparent material and a transparent solar thermal coating arranged under said solar heat and solar electricity material and above said light reflect material.
6. The combined unit according to claim 1.further comprising a transparent protection material selected from a group consisting of:
a glass;
a transparent polymer;
a glass and a polymer; and
a foil.
7. The combined unit according to claim 1 , wherein said a solar heat and solar
electricity integrated material is selected from a group of:
a PV cell; and
a organic solar electric coat.
8. The combined unit according to claim 1, wherein said transparent solar electric
material is selected from a group of a transparent solar electric coat and transparent solar electric cell.
9. The combined unit according to claim 1, wherein said transparent solar electric
material is selected from a group consisting of: a transparent solar electric coat or a transparent solar electric cell.
10. The combined unit according to claim 1, wherein said electric device is selected from a group of:
electricity wile and connection connected said solar electric cell with the user; a converter and
a controlling device.
11. The combined unit according to claim 1, wherein said supporting material(s) is
selected from a group of:
A interlayer material;
a interlayer adhesives for laminating the unit;
a flame for separating and supporting the materials,
a spacer for separating said materials, and
a drier.
12. The combined unit according to claim 1, further comprising one or more selected from a group of:
a heat insulating material arranged under the base material. a heat absorbing and transferring material;
a phase change material arranged under the unit for storing heat and limit the working temperature; and
a fluid channel for transferring the absorbed heat.
13. The combined unit according to claim 1 , further comprising a transparent material for receiving said solar electric and/or solar thermal material(s) and allow sunlight to pass through.
14. The combined unit according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a fluid channel;
a fan;
a pump; and
a controller of the fluid channel.
15. The combined unit according to claim 1 , forms a part of an energy saving space.
16. The combined unit according to claim 1, wherein said material is integrated in an interlayer material.
PCT/CA2016/000086 2016-03-30 2016-03-30 A high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit WO2017165938A1 (en)

Priority Applications (10)

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PCT/CA2016/000086 WO2017165938A1 (en) 2016-03-30 2016-03-30 A high efficient solar thermal and solar electricity combined unit
AU2017243885A AU2017243885A1 (en) 2016-03-30 2017-03-29 High efficient space shell solar energy unit
MX2018011976A MX2018011976A (en) 2016-03-30 2017-03-29 High efficient space shell solar energy unit.
KR1020187031517A KR20190102982A (en) 2016-03-30 2017-03-29 High efficiency space shell solar energy device
EP17772890.4A EP3436753A1 (en) 2016-03-30 2017-03-29 High efficient space shell solar energy unit
CN201780021686.4A CN109073276A (en) 2016-03-30 2017-03-29 Efficient space shell solar energy equipment
BR112018069981A BR112018069981A2 (en) 2016-03-30 2017-03-29 High efficiency space enclosure solar power unit.
PCT/CA2017/000068 WO2017165955A1 (en) 2016-03-30 2017-03-29 High efficient space shell solar energy unit
EA201800517A EA201800517A1 (en) 2016-03-30 2017-03-29 HIGHLY EFFICIENT SOLAR ENERGY INSTALLATION WITH SPATIAL SHELL ELEMENTS
US16/089,652 US20190131924A1 (en) 2016-03-30 2017-03-29 High efficient space shell solar energy unit

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